Geographical Entity Ontology
type: Ontology
imports: classes-only.owl
imports: core.owl
editor note: If you are wondering where the individuals that were previously in geo.owl have gone, they have been moved to other OWL files according to a modularization strategy that seeks to avoid compiling all possible geographical entities into one, giant, outsized file. For example: nations and their dependencies are now in nation-and-dependency-instances.owl available at http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/geo/nation-and-dependency-instances.owl For a full list of PURLs, see the geo.yml file here: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/OBOFoundry/purl.obolibrary.org/master/config/geo.yml
contributor: Amanda Hicks
contributor: Katrina M. Donovan
contributor: Mathias Brochhausen
creator: William R. Hogan
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
comment: When citing the Geographical Entities Ontology (GEO), use the permanent URL of the ontology: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/geo.owl. When referencing a specific component of GEO such as a class, object property, or individual, use that component's Uniform Resource Identifier (URI).
version info: production version 2016-03-26

BFO OWL specification label

BFO CLIF specification label

US State Two Digit Identifier
type: AnnotationProperty

US State Two Letter Abbreviation
type: AnnotationProperty

US State Ens Identifier
type: AnnotationProperty

UN Numerical Code
type: AnnotationProperty

ISO 3166-1-alpha-3 code
type: AnnotationProperty

ISO 3166-1-alpha-2 code
type: AnnotationProperty

Proposed Apollo Location Code
type: AnnotationProperty

ISO 3166-2 code
type: AnnotationProperty

geonameid
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: geonameid
comment: integer id of record in geonames database

admin1 code
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: geonames admin1 code
comment: fipscode (subject to change to iso code), see exceptions below, see file admin1Codes.txt for display names of this code; varchar(20)

admin2 code
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: geonames admin2 code
comment: code for the second administrative division, a county in the US, see file admin2Codes.txt; varchar(80)

admin3 code
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: geonames admin3 code
comment: code for third level administrative division, varchar(20)

admin4 code
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: geonames admin4 code
comment: code for fourth level administrative division, varchar(20)

US Census GEOID
type: AnnotationProperty
editor preferred term: US Census Bureau geographical identifier
definition: An annotation property to identify OWL 2 individuals that represent geographical entities with their appropriate US Census-designated geographical identifier.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
contributor: William R. Hogan

editor preferred term
label: editor preferred label
label: editor preferred term~editor preferred label

example of usage

has curation status

definition
label: textual definition

editor note

definition editor
label: term editor

alternative term

definition source

curator note

imported from

elucidation

has associated axiom(nl)

has associated axiom(fol)

NIAID GSCID-BRC alternative term
type: AnnotationProperty

Source
type: AnnotationProperty

has_alternative_id
type: AnnotationProperty

database_cross_reference
type: AnnotationProperty

has_definition
type: AnnotationProperty

has_exact_synonym
type: AnnotationProperty

has_narrow_synonym
type: AnnotationProperty

has_obo_namespace
type: AnnotationProperty

in_subset
type: AnnotationProperty

label

is aggregate of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
inverse of: is in aggregate
alternative term: aggregate of
alternative term: aggregate_of
imported from: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/omrse.owl

occupies spatial region at some time
type: ObjectProperty
inverse of: has spatial occupant at some time
domain: BFO_0000004
range: BFO_0000006
BFO OWL specification label: located-at-r_st
BFO CLIF specification label: occupiesSpatialRegionAt
editor note: Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'occupies spatial region at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'occupies spatial region@en'(x,y,t)
editor note: BFO2 Reference: independent continuant
editor note: BFO2 Reference: spatial region
elucidation: b occupies_spatial_region r at t means that r is a spatial region in which independent continuant b is exactly located (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [041-002])
has associated axiom(nl): every region r is occupies_spatial_region r at all times. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [042-002])
has associated axiom(nl): if b occupies_spatial_region r at t & b continuant_part_of b at t, then there is some r which is continuant_part_of r at t such that b occupies_spatial_region r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [043-001])
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (r t) (if (Region r) (occupiesSpatialRegionAt r r t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [042-002]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x r t) (if (occupiesSpatialRegionAt x r t) (and (SpatialRegion r) (IndependentContinuant x)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [041-002]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y r_1 t) (if (and (occupiesSpatialRegionAt x r_1 t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (exists (r_2) (and (continuantPartOfAt r_2 r_1 t) (occupiesSpatialRegionAt y r_2 t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [043-001]

has continuant part at all times
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
BFO OWL specification label: c-has-part_at
BFO CLIF specification label: hasContinuantPartAt
definition: [copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at all times that whole exists'] forall(t) exists_at(y,t) -> exists_at(x,t) and 'part of continuant'(x,y,t)
definition: b has_continuant_part c at t = Def. c continuant_part_of b at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [006-001])
editor note: Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'has continuant part at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'has continuant part@en(x,y,t)'.
editor note: [copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at all times that whole exists'] This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. Unlike the rest of the temporalized relations which temporally quantify over existence of the subject of the relation, this relation temporally quantifies over the existence of the object of the relation. The relation is provided tentatively, to assess whether the GO needs such a relation. It is inverse of 'has continuant part at all times'
imported from: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo.owl
has associated axiom(fol): (iff (hasContinuantPartAt a b t) (continuantPartOfAt b a t)) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [006-001]

has proper continuant part at all times
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has continuant part at all times
BFO OWL specification label: c-has-ppart_at
BFO CLIF specification label: hasProperContinuantPartAt
definition: b has_proper_continuant_part c at t = Def. c proper_continuant_part_of b at t. [XXX-001
editor note: Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'has proper continuant part at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'has proper continuant part@en(x,y,t)'.
imported from: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo.owl

has spatial occupant at some time
type: ObjectProperty
domain: BFO_0000006
range: BFO_0000004
BFO OWL specification label: r-location-of_st
editor note: [copied from inverse property 'occupies spatial region at some time'] Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'occupies spatial region at some time@en' is: exists t, exists_at(x,t) & exists_at(y,t) & 'occupies spatial region@en'(x,y,t)
editor note: [copied from inverse property 'occupies spatial region at some time'] BFO2 Reference: independent continuant
editor note: [copied from inverse property 'occupies spatial region at some time'] BFO2 Reference: spatial region
elucidation: [copied from inverse property 'occupies spatial region at some time'] b occupies_spatial_region r at t means that r is a spatial region in which independent continuant b is exactly located (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [041-002])

proper part of continuant at all times
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: part of continuant at all times
inverse of: has continuant part at all times that part exists
type: TransitiveProperty
BFO OWL specification label: c-ppart-of_at
BFO CLIF specification label: properContinuantPartOfAt
definition: b proper_continuant_part_of c at t =Def. b continuant_part_of c at t & b and c are not identical. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [004-001])
editor note: Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'proper part of continuant at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'proper part of continuant@en(x,y,t)'.
imported from: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo.owl
has associated axiom(fol): (iff (properContinuantPartOfAt a b t) (and (continuantPartOfAt a b t) (not (= a b)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [004-001]

part of continuant at all times
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
type: TransitiveProperty
type: ReflexiveProperty
BFO OWL specification label: c-part-of_at
BFO CLIF specification label: continuantPartOfAt
example of usage: Mary’s arm continuant_part_of Mary in the time of her life prior to her operation
example of usage: the Northern hemisphere of the planet Earth is a part of the planet Earth at all times at which the planet Earth exists.
definition: [copied from inverse property 'has continuant part at all times that part exists'] forall(t) exists_at(y,t) -> exists_at(x,t) and 'has continuant part'(x,y,t)
editor note: Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'part of continuant at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'part of continuant@en(x,y,t)'.
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: Immaterial entities are in some cases continuant parts of their material hosts. Thus the hold of a ship, for example, is a part of the ship; it may itself have parts, which may have names (used for example by ship stow planners, customs inspectors, and the like). Immaterial entities under both 1. and 2. can be of zero, one, two or three dimensions. We define:a(immaterial entity)[Definition: a is an immaterial entity = Def. a is an independent continuant that has no material entities as parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [028-001])
editor note: BFO 2 Reference: a (continuant or occurrent) part of itself. We appreciate that this is counterintuitive for some users, since it implies for example that President Obama is a part of himself. However it brings benefits in simplifying the logical formalism, and it captures an important feature of identity, namely that it is the limit case of mereological inclusion.
editor note: BFO2 Reference: continuant
editor note: BFO2 Reference: continuantThe range for ‘t’ (as in all cases throughout this document unless otherwise specified) is: temporal region.
editor note: [copied from inverse property 'has continuant part at all times that part exists'] This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. Unlike the rest of the temporalized relations which temporally quantify over existence of the subject of the relation, this relation temporally quantifies over the existence of the object of the relation. The relation is provided tentatively, to assess whether the GO needs such a relation. It is inverse of 'part of continuant at all times'
imported from: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo.owl
elucidation: b continuant_part_of c at t =Def. b is a part of c at t & t is a time & b and c are continuants. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [002-001])
has associated axiom(nl): continuant_part_of is antisymmetric. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [120-001])
has associated axiom(nl): continuant_part_of is reflexive (every continuant entity is a continuant_part_of itself). (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [111-002])
has associated axiom(nl): continuant_part_of is transitive. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [110-001])
has associated axiom(nl): continuant_part_of satisfies unique product. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [122-001])
has associated axiom(nl): continuant_part_of satisfies weak supplementation. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [121-001])
has associated axiom(nl): if b continuant_part_of c at t and b is an independent continuant, then b is located_in c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [047-002])
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x t) (if (Continuant x) (continuantPartOfAt x x t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [111-002]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y t) (if (and (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (IndependentContinuant x)) (locatedInAt x y t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [047-002]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y t) (if (and (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (= x y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [120-001]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y t) (if (and (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (not (= x y))) (exists (z) (and (continuantPartOfAt z y t) (not (exists (w) (and (continuantPartOfAt w x t) (continuantPartOfAt w z t)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [121-001]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y t) (if (exists (v) (and (continuantPartOfAt v x t) (continuantPartOfAt v y t))) (exists (z) (forall (u w) (iff (iff (continuantPartOfAt w u t) (and (continuantPartOfAt w x t) (continuantPartOfAt w y t))) (= z u)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [122-001]
has associated axiom(fol): (forall (x y z t) (if (and (continuantPartOfAt x y t) (continuantPartOfAt y z t)) (continuantPartOfAt x z t))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [110-001]
has associated axiom(fol): (iff (ImmaterialEntity a) (and (IndependentContinuant a) (not (exists (b t) (and (MaterialEntity b) (continuantPartOfAt b a t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [028-001]

has continuant part at all times that part exists
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
BFO OWL specification label: c-has-part-object_at
example of usage: [copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at all times'] Mary’s arm continuant_part_of Mary in the time of her life prior to her operation
example of usage: [copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at all times'] the Northern hemisphere of the planet Earth is a part of the planet Earth at all times at which the planet Earth exists.
definition: forall(t) exists_at(y,t) -> exists_at(x,t) and 'has continuant part'(x,y,t)
editor note: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance level, relation. Unlike the rest of the temporalized relations which temporally quantify over existence of the subject of the relation, this relation temporally quantifies over the existence of the object of the relation. The relation is provided tentatively, to assess whether the GO needs such a relation. It is inverse of 'part of continuant at all times'
editor note: [copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at all times'] Alan Ruttenberg: This is a binary version of a ternary time-indexed, instance-level, relation. The BFO reading of the binary relation 'part of continuant at all times@en' is: forall(t) exists_at(x,t) -> exists_at(y,t) and 'part of continuant@en(x,y,t)'.
editor note: [copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at all times'] BFO 2 Reference: Immaterial entities are in some cases continuant parts of their material hosts. Thus the hold of a ship, for example, is a part of the ship; it may itself have parts, which may have names (used for example by ship stow planners, customs inspectors, and the like). Immaterial entities under both 1. and 2. can be of zero, one, two or three dimensions. We define:a(immaterial entity)[Definition: a is an immaterial entity = Def. a is an independent continuant that has no material entities as parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [028-001])
editor note: [copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at all times'] BFO 2 Reference: a (continuant or occurrent) part of itself. We appreciate that this is counterintuitive for some users, since it implies for example that President Obama is a part of himself. However it brings benefits in simplifying the logical formalism, and it captures an important feature of identity, namely that it is the limit case of mereological inclusion.
editor note: [copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at all times'] BFO2 Reference: continuant
editor note: [copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at all times'] BFO2 Reference: continuantThe range for ‘t’ (as in all cases throughout this document unless otherwise specified) is: temporal region.
imported from: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/bfo.owl
elucidation: [copied from inverse property 'part of continuant at all times'] b continuant_part_of c at t =Def. b is a part of c at t & t is a time & b and c are continuants. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [002-001])

is in aggregate
type: ObjectProperty

is subordinate authority of
type: ObjectProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
domain: governmental organization
range: governmental organization
definition: A governing organization G1 is subordinate to another governing organization G2 iff there is some authority possessed by G2 that is not possessed by G1 and G1's jurisdiction falls within the relevant jurisdiction of G2.
comment: 'is subordinate authority of' Domain: governing organization Range: governing organization Formal properties: transitive, anti-symmetric, irreflexive Natural language definition: A governing organization G1 is subordinate to another governing organization G2 iff there is some authority possessed by G2 that is not possessed by G1 and G1 falls within the relevant jurisdiction of G2.

has jurisdiction in
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
type: IrreflexiveProperty
domain: governmental organization
range: land mass
comment: It is not intended to be maximal, in the sense that if a has_jurisdiction_in b, and b is not part of c, then a NOT has_jurisdiction_in c. in other words, it is perfectly fine to say: a disjoint b c has_jurisdiction_in a c has_jurisdiction_in b otherwise, we'd end up creating some mereological sum of all the islands, contiguous land masses, etc. of the United States, calling it "United States territory", asserting United States has_jurisdiction_in United States territory, then figuring out all the parts of that territory like islands, etc. We'd end up doing the same thing for every sovereign state, major administrative subdivision (at least those like Hawaii that are multiple), etc. Seems like an unnecessary duplication of entities.
comment: a governmental organization has jurisdiction in particular territories (areas of land), which means that it can make and enforce laws that govern peoples living in those territories.
comment: if a has_jurisdiction_in b, then a has_jurisdiction_in all parts of b.

IAO_0000039
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: BFO_0000051
editor preferred term: has measurement unit label
definition: A relation between a value specification and its unit of measurement.
imported from: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi.owl

is about
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
example of usage: This document is about information artifacts and their representations
has curation status: IAO_0000125
definition: is_about is a (currently) primitive relation that relates an information artifact to an entity.
editor note: 7/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg. Following discussion with Jonathan Rees, and introduction of "mentions" relation. Weaken the is_about relationship to be primitive. We will try to build it back up by elaborating the various subproperties that are more precisely defined. Some currently missing phenomena that should be considered "about" are predications - "The only person who knows the answer is sitting beside me" , Allegory, Satire, and other literary forms that can be topical without explicitly mentioning the topic.
definition editor: person:Alan Ruttenberg
definition source: Smith, Ceusters, Ruttenberg, 2000 years of philosophy
imported from: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/iao.owl

has_specified_input
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has participant
editor preferred term: has_specified_input
example of usage: see is_input_of example_of_usage
has curation status: IAO_0000122
definition: A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process that is not created during the process. The presence of the continuant during the process is explicitly specified in the plan specification which the process realizes the concretization of.
editor note: 8/17/09: specified inputs of one process are not necessarily specified inputs of a larger process that it is part of. This is in contrast to how 'has participant' works.
definition editor: PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
definition editor: PERSON: Bjoern Peters
definition editor: PERSON: Larry Hunter
definition editor: PERSON: Melanie Coutot
imported from: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi.owl

is_specified_input_of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: participates in
editor preferred term: is_specified_input_of
example of usage: some Autologous EBV(Epstein-Barr virus)-transformed B-LCL (B lymphocyte cell line) is_input_for instance of Chromum Release Assay described at https://wiki.cbil.upenn.edu/obiwiki/index.php/Chromium_Release_assay
has curation status: IAO_0000122
definition: A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process that is not created during the process. The presence of the continuant during the process is explicitly specified in the plan specification which the process realizes the concretization of.
definition editor: Alan Ruttenberg
definition editor: PERSON:Bjoern Peters
imported from: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi.owl

has_specified_output
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: has participant
editor preferred term: has_specified_output
has curation status: IAO_0000122
definition: A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process. The presence of the continuant at the end of the process is explicitly specified in the objective specification which the process realizes the concretization of.
definition editor: PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
definition editor: PERSON: Bjoern Peters
definition editor: PERSON: Larry Hunter
definition editor: PERSON: Melanie Courtot
imported from: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi.owl

is_specified_output_of
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: participates in
editor preferred term: is_specified_output_of
has curation status: IAO_0000122
definition: A relation between a planned process and a continuant participating in that process. The presence of the continuant at the end of the process is explicitly specified in the objective specification which the process realizes the concretization of.
definition editor: Alan Ruttenberg
definition editor: PERSON:Bjoern Peters
imported from: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi.owl

has value specification
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
editor preferred term: has value specification
has curation status: IAO_0000120
definition: A relation between an information content entity and a value specification that specifies its value.
definition editor: PERSON: James A. Overton
definition source: OBI
imported from: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi.owl

participates in
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
editor preferred term: participates in
alternative term: participates_in
imported from: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi.owl

has participant
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: topObjectProperty
editor preferred term: has participant
alternative term: has_participant
imported from: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi.owl

has measurement value
type: DatatypeProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: scalar measurement datum
range: double
definition: A relation between a scalar measurement data item and a number that quantifies it.
editor note: The range should probably not be restricted to "float". It makes sense to set it to "real". However we do not know how this change will affect SPARQL queries, so we have left the range as-is for now.
imported from: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi.owl

geopolitical entity
type: Class
subclass of: obsolete_class
definition: An organization that governs the people living in a particular geographical region or aggregate of geographical regions. The geographical region it governs can change over time (such as the westward expansion of the United States and the addition of Hawaii)
definition editor: William R. Hogan
comment: In some cases, geopolitical entities possess uninhabited geographical regions. However, it is that case that it controls the movement of people in and out of those regions, and its laws apply to those regions.
deprecated: true

obsolete group of governmental organizations
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: is aggregate of
  some values from: Class
    union of: geopoli organization
    union of: governmental organization
subclass of: BFO_0000004
editor preferred term: obsolete aggregate of governmental organizations
definition: An aggregate of geopoliticial entities. Examples include the group of states of the United States, the nations of North America, and so on.
definition editor: William R. Hogan
comment: taken over by GEO_0000000401
deprecated: true

nation
type: Class
subclass of: obsolete_class
definition: A geopolitical entity that is self contained and recognizes no higher political authority than itself.
definition editor: William R. Hogan
deprecated: true

subnational entity
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: governmental organization
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is subordinate authority of
    some values from: sovereign state
subclass of: governmental organization
definition: a governmental organization that has a local, regional, or territorial government that recognizes a sovereign state as its higher political authority
definition editor: Amanda Hicks
definition editor: William R. Hogan

major administrative subdivision
type: Class
subclass of: subnational entity
definition: A subnational entity that is the primary organizational member of a nation, is subject to the full set of laws of the nation, enjoys all the privileges established under the laws of the nation, is not a member of any other geopolitical entity, and itself governs a part of the geographical region governed by the nation.
definition editor: Amanda Hicks
definition editor: William R. Hogan
comment: examples: Northern Ireland, Florida

geopolitical dependency
type: Class
subclass of: subnational entity
definition: A subnational entity that does not possess full political independence or sovereignty as a sovereign state, but remains politically outside of the controlling state and controls a geographical region that is outside the controlling state's integral region.
definition editor: Amanda Hicks
definition editor: William R. Hogan
comment: Typically, the common feature is that the dependency does not conduct foreign affairs, and relegates this authority to the sovereign state. But otherwise, it is largely or completely autonomous relative to the administrative subdivisions. Examples include Puerto Rico (U.S.), Guam (U.S.), Greenland (Denmark), French Polynesia (France), and Falkland Islands (United Kingdom).

aggregate of major administrative subdivisions
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: major administrative subdivision
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is aggregate of
    all values from: major administrative subdivision
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is aggregate of
    min qualified cardinality: 2
    on class: major administrative subdivision
subclass of: aggregate of governmental organizations
definition: An aggregate of governmental organizations that is not itself a major administrative subdivision and whose members are only major administrative subdivisions that have some feature in common.
definition editor: Amanda Hicks
comment: Examples: all the major administrative subdivisions of the United States (which is different from the U.S. itself), all the major administrative subdivisions with a bicameral legislature, all the major administrative subdivisions with a judiciary, etc.
label: group of major administrative subdivisions

aggregate of dependencies
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: geopolitical dependency
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is aggregate of
    all values from: geopolitical dependency
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is aggregate of
    min qualified cardinality: 2
    on class: geopolitical dependency
subclass of: aggregate of governmental organizations
definition: An aggregate of governmental organizations that is not itself a geopolitical dependency and whose members are only geopolitical dependencies that have some feature in common.
definition editor: Amanda Hicks
comment: Examples: all the dependencies of the United States, all of the dependencies whose territory is located in the Carribean Sea, French Overseas Collectivities, Biritish Crown Dependencies.
label: group of dependencies

subcontinental land mass
type: Class
subclass of: land mass
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: proper part of continuant at all times
  some values from: continent

contiguous land mass
type: Class
subclass of: subcontinental land mass
alternative term: contiguous continental land mass
comment: per the definition of 'contiguous' of "being in actual contact : touching along a boundary or at a point", these land masses share boundaries with other land masses that are part of the same continent, and thus are not surrounded by water like an island. At some point, we need an 'adjacent to' relation if BFO doesn't provide it. One question is whether this class encompasses fiat parts of islands.

aggregate of governmental organizations
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: governmental organization
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is aggregate of
    all values from: governmental organization
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is aggregate of
    min qualified cardinality: 2
    on class: governmental organization
subclass of: BFO_0000004
definition: An aggregate of organizations that is not itself a governmental organization, has only governmental organizations as members, and has at least two governmental organizations as members.
definition editor: William R. Hogan

contiguous island land mass
type: Class
subclass of: subcontinental land mass
definition: A subcontinental land mass that is part of an island and includes part of the land surface of the island.
definition editor: William R. Hogan
comment: It cannot be a part of the island, for example, that is below water.

aggregate of contiguous land masses
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: is aggregate of
  some values from: land mass
subclass of: land mass

geographical entity
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000040
editor preferred term: geographical entity of astronomical body
definition: A material entity that is (1) a bona fide or fiat object part of the crust, any bodies of liquid on or contained within the crust, or planetary boundary layer (if present) of a terrestrial planet (including Earth), dwarf planet, exoplanet, natural satellite, planetesimal, or small Solar System body, and that (2) overlaps the planetary surface (including having a boundary that coincides with part of the planetary surface).
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen
definition editor: Matt Diller
definition editor: William R. Hogan
comment: Includes atmosphere, crust, geographical regions (e.g., the geographical region over which the state of Florida has jurisdiction), bodies of water, mountains, etc. Generally, an individual organism is a distinct object that is not a part of the Earth, although this requires more thought. But the intent is definitely for this class to NOT subsume organism universally. Human beings are contained within, but not part of, the Earth, for example.
comment: Note that despite the word 'planetary' in 'planetary surface', it refers generally to surface of dwarf planets, asteroids, moons, etc.
comment: We note that not all planets have a surface per se (e.g., gas giants such as Jupiter and Saturn). So only planets, natural satellites, etc. with a planetary surface (with or without a planetary boundary layer) have geographical entities.
comment: We note that the term 'geography' is also applied to the Earth's moon, Mars, Venus, and possibly even other moons and planets in our own solar system and beyond. Thus, we are attempting to define things generally enough that they could be reused for the geographical entities/features on the Moon, Mars, other planets, exoplanets, other natural satellites (a.k.a moons), asteroids, etc.

geographical feature
type: Class
subclass of: geographical entity
definition: A geographical entity that has at least one bona fide boundary.

geographical region
type: Class
subclass of: geographical entity
definition: A geographical entity that is demarcated at least in part by one or more closed fiat boundaries all of whose lines are part of the planetary surface.
definition editor: François Modave
definition editor: Mathias Brochhausen
definition editor: Matt Diller
definition editor: William R. Hogan

body of water
type: Class
subclass of: geographical region

continent
type: Class
subclass of: land mass

land mass
type: Class
subclass of: geographical region

island
type: Class
subclass of: subcontinental land mass

aggregate of geographical entities
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: is aggregate of
  some values from: geographical entity
subclass of: BFO_0000027
definition: An object aggregate of geographical entities

aggregate of geographical features
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: is aggregate of
  some values from: geographical feature
subclass of: aggregate of geographical entities

aggregate of islands
type: Class
equivalent class: Restriction
  on property: is aggregate of
  some values from: island
subclass of: aggregate of contiguous land masses

geopoli organization
type: Class
subclass of: organization
editor preferred term: geopolitical organization
definition editor: Amanda Hicks
deprecated: true

private governance organization
type: Class
subclass of: governance organization
definition editor: Amanda Hicks
definition source: "Although the very meaning of the term is controversial, it involves authoritative decsionmaking in areas that once were part of national legal frameworks, the government, the sovereign state, or the public sector." Karns and Mingst (2004) p. 14.
contributor: Katrina Donovan
comment: Examples: private bond-rating agencies such as Moody's Investors Service, International Chamber of Commerce, Worldwide Responsible Apparel Manufacturing Principles, Forest Stewardship

nongovernmental organization
type: Class
subclass of: organization
definition: a geopolitical organization that is voluntary and private, whose members are individual persons or organizations that come together to acheive a common purpose.
definition source: NGOs are private voluntary organizations whose members are individuals or associations that come together to acheive a common purpose. Some organizations are formed to advocate a particular cause such as human rights, peace, or envirnomental projetion. Others are established to provide services such as disaster relief, humantarian aid in war-torn socieities, or development assistance. ... National level groups are often called interest or pressure groups, and many of them are now linked to counterpart groups in other countries through transnational networks or federations. International NGOs, like IGOs, may draw their members from one region or several regions, and they may have very specific functions or be multi-functional. Karns and Mingst (2004) p. 10f.
contributor: Katrina Donovan
comment: Examples: Internaltion Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, Oxfam, CARE, Doctors Without Borders, World Wildlife Fund, Transparency International, Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, and Save the Children.

intergovernmental organization
type: Class
subclass of: governance organization
definition: an intergovernmental organization that has at least three member states, that has activies in at least three states, and that is unified by some formal intergovernmental agreement
definition editor: Amanda Hicks
definition source: "IGOs are organizations whose memebers include at lesat three states, that have activities in several states, and whose members are held together by a formal intergovernmental agreement ... These organizations range in size from three members (North American Free Trade Argreement [NAFTA]) to more than 190 memembers (Universal Postal Union (UPU)]. Memebers may come from primarily one georgraphic regioni (Oragnaization of American States [OAS]) or from all geographic regions (World Bank). although soem IGOs are designed to achieve a single purpose (Organization of Petroleum exporting countries [OPEC]), others have been developed for multiple tasks (United Nations [UN}). ... IGOs are recognized subjects of international law with separate standing fromt heir member states." Karns and Mingst I(2004) p. 7
contributor: Katrina Donovan
comment: examples: North American Free Trade Argreement [NAFTA] , Universal Postal Union [UPU], Oragnaization of American States [OAS], World Bank), Organization of Petroleum exporting countries [OPEC] United Nations [UN[, The World Trade Organization [WTO], The World Health Organization [WHO], UNICEF

sovereign state
type: Class
subclass of: governmental organization
definition: A governmental organization with a defined territory on which it exercises internal and external sovereignty, a permanent population, a government, and the capacity to enter into relations with other sovereign states.
definition editor: William R. Hogan
alternative term: de facto sovereign state
alternative term: de facto state
alternative term: nation
alternative term: nation state
definition source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovereign_state
comment: Per Wikipedia, the word 'nation' does not always refer to soverign states. For example, the "nation of Islam".

governmental organization
type: Class
subclass of: governance organization
definition: An organization that governs the people living in a particular geographical region or aggregate of geographical regions. The geographical region it governs can change over time (such as the westward expansion of the United States and the addition of Hawaii). Note: this definition was taken over from "geopolitical organization".
definition editor: Amanda Hicks
comment: IMPORTANT: The label "geopolitical organization" was previously used for OMRSE_00000044 (governmental organization). "geopoli organization" is a label for a new and different class.

aggregate of geopolitical organizations
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: geopoli organization
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is aggregate of
    all values from: geopoli organization
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is aggregate of
    min qualified cardinality: 2
    on class: geopoli organization
subclass of: BFO_0000004
definition: An object aggregate that is not itself a geopolitical organization and whose members are only geopolitical organizations that have some feature in common
definition editor: Amanda Hicks
definition editor: William R. Hogan
imported from: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/omrse.owl

obsolete aggregate of dependencies
type: Class
subclass of: aggregate of governmental organizations
definition: An aggregate of governmental organizations that is not itself a geopolitical dependency and whose members are only geopolitical dependencies that have some feature in common.
definition editor: Amanda Hicks
imported from: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/omrse.owl
comment: Examples: all the dependencies of the United States, all of the dependencies whose territory is located in the Carribean Sea, French Overseas Collectivities, Biritish Crown Dependencies.
deprecated: true

obsolete aggregate of major administrative subdivisions
type: Class
subclass of: aggregate of governmental organizations
definition: An aggregate of governmental organizations that is not itself a major administrative subdivision and whose members are only major administrative subdivisions that have some feature in common
definition editor: Amanda Hicks
imported from: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/omrse.owl
comment: Examples: all the major administrative subdivisions of the United States (which is different from the U.S. itself), all the major administrative subdivisions with a bicameral legislature, all the major administrative subdivisions with a judiciary, etc.
deprecated: true

aggregate of sovereign states
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: sovereign state
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is aggregate of
    all values from: sovereign state
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is aggregate of
    min qualified cardinality: 2
    on class: sovereign state
subclass of: aggregate of governmental organizations
definition: An aggregate of governmental organizations that is not itself a sovereign state and whose members are only sovereign states that have some feature in common
definition editor: William R. Hogan
imported from: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/omrse.owl
comment: examples: all the sovereign states in North America, all the sovereign states with a GDP below or exceeding a particular quantity of money, all the sovereign states with a constitutional monarchy, all the sovereign states who belong to the U.N. (which is different than the U.N. itself), etc.

geodetic coordinate measurement datum
type: Class
equivalent class: Class
  intersection of: measurement datum
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: is_specified_output_of
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: BFO_0000015
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: has_specified_input
        some values from: geodetic datum
  intersection of: Restriction
    on property: has value specification
    some values from: Class
      intersection of: value specification
      intersection of: Restriction
        on property: IAO_0000039
        has value: angular degree
subclass of: measurement datum
editor preferred term: geodetic coordinate measurement datum
definition: A measurement of location on the Earth that uses a single number to specify a coordinate in a coordinate system known as a geodetic datum.
definition editor: Josh Hanna
definition editor: William R. Hogan
comment: latitude and longitude are key subtypes

geodetic datum
type: Class
subclass of: IAO_0000030
editor preferred term: geodetic datum
definition: A coordinate system, and a set of reference points, used to locate places on the Earth (or similar objects).
definition editor: Josh Hanna
definition editor: William R. Hogan
definition source: Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geodetic_datum Date accessed: 2015-04-13
comment: Every latitude and longitude measurement is with respect to a geodetic datum. Most common ones in use are NAD83 and WGS84.

plane angle measurement unit label
type: Class
subclass of: measurement unit label
editor preferred term: planar angular measurement unit label

de jure sovereign state
type: Class
subclass of: sovereign state
definition: A sovereign state whose political sovereignty has been recognized by the United Nations, in accordance with international law.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
alternative term: de jure state
comment: Sovereignty, in the legal sense, is acquired by a state upon receiving recognition by the international community. However, without specifying that this recognition can only be acquired through full membership to the United Nations, a non-arbitrary standard would be difficult, if not impossible, to come by since there are a good many sovereign states whose sovereignty is not explicitly recognized by one or more states. Given that the de facto criteria for sovereignty must be achieved prior to membership to the UN General Assembly and that every member therein is considered to be "international recognized," full membership to the UN is a sufficient criterion for de jure sovereignty. This can be further justified by noting that, in cases where UN member X claims to not recognize the sovereign status of UN member Y, the diplomatic and political behavior of member X towards Y nevertheless tacitly implies that it recognizes Y's sovereignty.

governance organization
type: Class
subclass of: organization
definition: An organization consisting of private entities (people or organizations) who engage in goal-oriented decision-making; creating rules, norms, or laws; and encouraging or incentivizing adherence to them that are directed at a population of people, and whose actions are not enforced by state entities.
definition editor: Matthew Diller
contributor: William R. Hogan

measurement unit label
type: Class
subclass of: data item label
editor preferred term: measurement unit label
example of usage: Examples of measurement unit labels are liters, inches, weight per volume.
has curation status: IAO_0000122
definition: A data item label that denotes a unit of measure.
editor note: 2009-03-16: provenance: a term measurement unit was proposed for OBI (OBI_0000176) , edited by Chris Stoeckert and Cristian Cocos, and subsequently moved to IAO where the objective for which the original term was defined was satisfied with the definition of this, different, term.
editor note: 2009-03-16: review of this term done during during the OBI workshop winter 2009 and the current definition was considered acceptable for use in OBI. If there is a need to modify this definition please notify OBI.
definition editor: PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
definition editor: PERSON: Melanie Courtot
imported from: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi.owl

data item label
type: Class
subclass of: IAO_0000030
editor preferred term: data item label
has curation status: IAO_0000122
definition: An information content entity that is part of some data item and is used to partially define the denotation of that data item.
editor note: http://www.golovchenko.org/cgi-bin/wnsearch#4n
definition editor: GROUP: IAO
alternative term: datum label
curator note: 9/22/11 BP: changed the rdfs:label for this class from 'label' to 'datum label' to convey that this class is not intended to cover all kinds of labels (stickers, radiolabels, etc.), and not even all kind of textual labels, but rather the kind of labels occuring in a datum.
imported from: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi.owl

scalar measurement datum
type: Class
subclass of: measurement datum
editor preferred term: scalar measurement datum
example of usage: 10 feet. 3 ml.
has curation status: IAO_0000120
definition: a scalar measurement datum is a measurement datum that is composed of two parts, numerals and a unit label.
editor note: 2009-03-16: we decided to keep datum singular in scalar measurement datum, as in this case we explicitly refer to the singular form
editor note: Would write this as: has_part some 'measurement unit label' and has_part some numeral and has_part exactly 2, except for the fact that this won't let us take advantage of OWL reasoning over the numbers. Instead use has measurment value property to represent the same. Use has measurement unit label (subproperty of has_part) so we can easily say that there is only one of them.
definition editor: PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
definition editor: PERSON: Melanie Courtot
imported from: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi.owl

measurement datum
type: Class
subclass of: IAO_0000027
editor preferred term: measurement datum
example of usage: Examples of measurement data are the recoding of the weight of a mouse as {40,mass,"grams"}, the recording of an observation of the behavior of the mouse {,process,"agitated"}, the recording of the expression level of a gene as measured through the process of microarray experiment {3.4,luminosity,}.
has curation status: IAO_0000125
definition: A measurement datum is an information content entity that is a recording of the output of a measurement such as produced by a device.
editor note: 2/2/2009 is_specified_output of some assay?
definition editor: person:Chris Stoeckert
definition source: OBI_0000305
definition source: group:OBI
imported from: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi.owl

organization
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000004
editor preferred term: organization
example of usage: PMID: 16353909.AAPS J. 2005 Sep 22;7(2):E274-80. Review. The joint food and agriculture organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization Expert Committee on Food Additives and its role in the evaluation of the safety of veterinary drug residues in foods.
has curation status: IAO_0000122
definition: An organization is a continuant entity which can play roles, has members, and has a set of organization rules. Members of organizations are either organizations themselves or individual people. Members can bear specific organization member roles that are determined in the organization rules. The organization rules also determine how decisions are made on behalf of the organization by the organization members.
editor note: BP: The definition summarizes long email discussions on the OBI developer, roles, biomaterial and denrie branches. It leaves open if an organization is a material entity or a dependent continuant, as no consensus was reached on that. The current placement as material is therefore temporary, in order to move forward with development. Here is the entire email summary, on which the definition is based: 1) there are organization_member_roles (president, treasurer, branch editor), with individual persons as bearers 2) there are organization_roles (employer, owner, vendor, patent holder) 3) an organization has a charter / rules / bylaws, which specify what roles there are, how they should be realized, and how to modify the charter/rules/bylaws themselves. It is debatable what the organization itself is (some kind of dependent continuant or an aggregate of people). This also determines who/what the bearer of organization_roles' are. My personal favorite is still to define organization as a kind of 'legal entity', but thinking it through leads to all kinds of questions that are clearly outside the scope of OBI. Interestingly enough, it does not seem to matter much where we place organization itself, as long as we can subclass it (University, Corporation, Government Agency, Hospital), instantiate it (Affymetrix, NCBI, NIH, ISO, W3C, University of Oklahoma), and have it play roles. This leads to my proposal: We define organization through the statements 1 - 3 above, but without an 'is a' statement for now. We can leave it in its current place in the is_a hierarchy (material entity) or move it up to 'continuant'. We leave further clarifications to BFO, and close this issue for now.
definition editor: PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
definition editor: PERSON: Bjoern Peters
definition editor: PERSON: Philippe Rocca-Serra
definition editor: PERSON: Susanna Sansone
definition source: GROUP: OBI

latitude coordinate measurement datum
type: Class
subclass of: geodetic coordinate measurement datum
editor preferred term: latitude coordinate measurement datum
has curation status: IAO_0000120
definition: A measurement datum that is the measure of the latitude coordinate of a site.
definition editor: Person: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
alternative term: latitude
definition source: NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group
imported from: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi.owl
NIAID GSCID-BRC alternative term: Specimen Collection Location - Latitude
Source: NIAID GSCID-BRC

longitude coordinate measurement datum
type: Class
subclass of: geodetic coordinate measurement datum
editor preferred term: longitude coordinate measurement datum
has curation status: IAO_0000120
definition: A measurement datum that is the measure of the longitude coordinate of a site.
definition editor: Person: Chris Stoeckert, Jie Zheng
alternative term: longitude
definition source: NIAID GSCID-BRC metadata working group
imported from: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi.owl
NIAID GSCID-BRC alternative term: Specimen Collection Location - Longitude
Source: NIAID GSCID-BRC

scalar value specification
type: Class
subclass of: value specification
editor preferred term: scalar value specification
has curation status: IAO_0000123
definition: A value specification that consists of two parts: a numeral and a unit label
definition editor: PERSON:Bjoern Peters
imported from: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi.owl

value specification
type: Class
subclass of: IAO_0000030
editor preferred term: value specification
example of usage: The value of 'positive' in a classification scheme of "positive or negative"; the value of '20g' on the quantitative scale of mass.
has curation status: IAO_0000122
definition: An information content entity that specifies a value within a classification scheme or on a quantitative scale.
editor note: This term is currently a descendant of 'information content entity', which requires that it 'is about' something. A value specification of '20g' for a measurement data item of the mass of a particular mouse 'is about' the mass of that mouse. However there are cases where a value specification is not clearly about any particular. In the future we may change 'value specification' to remove the 'is about' requirement.
definition editor: PERSON:Bjoern Peters
imported from: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi.owl

size
type: Class
subclass of: physical object quality
definition: A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's physical magnitude.
imported from: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/pato.owl
has_obo_namespace: quality
id: PATO:0000117
in_subset: attribute slim
in_subset: scalar slim

physical object quality
type: Class
subclass of: BFO_0000019
definition: A quality which inheres in a continuant.
imported from: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/pato.owl
has_alternative_id: PATO:0001237
has_alternative_id: PATO:0001238
database_cross_reference: snap:Quality
has_exact_synonym: monadic quality of a continuant
has_exact_synonym: multiply inhering quality of a physical entity
has_exact_synonym: quality of a continuant
has_exact_synonym: quality of a single physical entity
has_exact_synonym: quality of an object
has_exact_synonym: quality of continuant
has_narrow_synonym: monadic quality of an object
has_narrow_synonym: monadic quality of continuant
has_obo_namespace: quality
id: PATO:0001241
comment: Relational qualities are qualities that hold between multiple entities. Normal (monadic) qualities such as the shape of a eyeball exist purely as a quality of that eyeball. A relational quality such as sensitivity to light is a quality of that eyeball (and connecting nervous system) as it relates to incoming light waves/particles.

area
type: Class
subclass of: 2-D extent
definition: A 2-D extent quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's two dimensional extent.
imported from: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/pato.owl
has_obo_namespace: quality
id: PATO:0001323
in_subset: attribute slim
in_subset: mpath slim
in_subset: scalar slim
comment: MIREOT'd into GEO to represent the area quality of a geographical region, including land area and water area.

2-D extent
type: Class
subclass of: size
definition: A size quality inhering in an bearer by virtue of the bearer's extension in two dimensions.
imported from: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/pato.owl
has_exact_synonym: 2-D size
has_obo_namespace: quality
id: PATO:0001709
in_subset: attribute slim

area unit
type: Class
subclass of: measurement unit label
definition: A unit which is a standard measure of the amount of a 2-dimensional flat surface.
imported from: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uo.owl
created by: george gkoutos
has_obo_namespace: unit.ontology
id: UO:0000047
in_subset: unit group slim

supranational entity
type: Class
subclass of: governmental organization
definition editor: Amanda Hicks
comment: e.g., the EU

obsolete_class
type: Class
imported from: http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl

angular degree
type: NamedIndividual
type: plane angle measurement unit label
editor preferred term: angular degree
label: °

rad
type: NamedIndividual
type: plane angle measurement unit label
editor preferred term: radian
definition: A unit of measurement of planar angles where a full circle is 2π. Specifically the angle is the length of the arc subtended by the angle divided by the circumference of the circle.
definition editor: Josh Hanna
definition editor: William R. Hogan
comment: Technically in the S.I. system it is a derived unit m•m^-1.
label: radian

square mile
type: NamedIndividual
type: area unit
editor preferred term: square mile
comment: An area unit which is equal to the area enclosed by a square in a flat plane which is one mile on every side.

square meter
type: NamedIndividual
type: area unit
comment: "An area unit which is equal to an area enclosed by a square with sides each 1 meter long." [NIST:NIST]

part_of