2022-08-23 An ontology for representing pain as defined by the International Association For the Study of Pain (IASP), meaning that pain is both an unpleasant physical sensation and unpleasant emotional experience. It includes terms and axioms to represent the multidimensional aspect of pain, such as temporality (e.g., acute, chronic), qualitative (e.g., sharp, throbbing), extent (e.g., local, widespread), biological mechanism (e.g., nociceptive, neuropathic), and specific anatomical locations (e.g., back, knee). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Pain Ontology 2026-10-15 editor preferred label editor preferred label editor preferred term editor preferred term editor preferred term~editor preferred label The concise, meaningful, and human-friendly name for a class or property preferred by the ontology developers. (US-English) PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> editor preferred label editor preferred label editor preferred term editor preferred term editor preferred term~editor preferred label example example of usage A phrase describing how a class name should be used. May also include other kinds of examples that facilitate immediate understanding of a class semantics, such as widely known prototypical subclasses or instances of the class. Although essential for high level terms, examples for low level terms (e.g., Affymetrix HU133 array) are not A phrase describing how a term should be used and/or a citation to a work which uses it. May also include other kinds of examples that facilitate immediate understanding, such as widely know prototypes or instances of a class, or cases where a relation is said to hold. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> IAO:0000112 uberon example_of_usage true example_of_usage example of usage example of usage IAO:0000112 uberon example_of_usage true example_of_usage example of usage in branch An annotation property indicating which module the terms belong to. This is currently experimental and not implemented yet. GROUP:OBI OBI_0000277 in branch has curation status PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Bill Bug PERSON:Melanie Courtot OBI_0000281 has curation status has curation status definition definition textual definition A property representing the English language definitions of what NCI means by the concept. They may also include information about the definition's source and attribution in a form that can easily be interpreted by software. English language definitions of what NCI means by the concept. These are limited to 1024 characters. They may also include information about the definition's source and attribution in a form that can easily be interpreted by software. The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions. The official definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions. 2012-04-05: Barry Smith The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property: 'Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions' is terrible. Can you fix to something like: A statement of necessary and sufficient conditions explaining the meaning of an expression referring to a class or property. Alan Ruttenberg Your proposed definition is a reasonable candidate, except that it is very common that necessary and sufficient conditions are not given. Mostly they are necessary, occasionally they are necessary and sufficient or just sufficient. Often they use terms that are not themselves defined and so they effectively can't be evaluated by those criteria. On the specifics of the proposed definition: We don't have definitions of 'meaning' or 'expression' or 'property'. For 'reference' in the intended sense I think we use the term 'denotation'. For 'expression', I think we you mean symbol, or identifier. For 'meaning' it differs for class and property. For class we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine whether an entity is instance of the class, or not. For property we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine, given a pair of potential relata, whether the assertion that the relation holds is true. The 'intended reader' part suggests that we also specify who, we expect, would be able to understand the definition, and also generalizes over human and computer reader to include textual and logical definition. Personally, I am more comfortable weakening definition to documentation, with instructions as to what is desirable. We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to different audiences. A clinical audience reading chebi wants a different sort of definition documentation/definition from a chemistry trained audience, and similarly there is a need for a definition that is adequate for an ontologist to work with. 2012-04-05: Barry Smith The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property: 'Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions' is terrible. Can you fix to something like: A statement of necessary and sufficient conditions explaining the meaning of an expression referring to a class or property. Alan Ruttenberg Your proposed definition is a reasonable candidate, except that it is very common that necessary and sufficient conditions are not given. Mostly they are necessary, occasionally they are necessary and sufficient or just sufficient. Often they use terms that are not themselves defined and so they effectively can't be evaluated by those criteria. On the specifics of the proposed definition: We don't have definitions of 'meaning' or 'expression' or 'property'. For 'reference' in the intended sense I think we use the term 'denotation'. For 'expression', I think we you mean symbol, or identifier. For 'meaning' it differs for class and property. For class we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine whether an entity is instance of the class, or not. For property we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine, given a pair of potential relata, whether the assertion that the relation holds is true. The 'intended reader' part suggests that we also specify who, we expect, would be able to understand the definition, and also generalizes over human and computer reader to include textual and logical definition. Personally, I am more comfortable weakening definition to documentation, with instructions as to what is desirable. We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to different audiences. A clinical audience reading chebi wants a different sort of definition documentation/definition from a chemistry trained audience, and similarly there is a need for a definition that is adequate for an ontologist to work with. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> DEFINITION definition definition textual definition A property representing the English language definitions of what NCI means by the concept. They may also include information about the definition's source and attribution in a form that can easily be interpreted by software. NCI DEFINITION PT NCI definition editor note An administrative note intended for its editor. It may not be included in the publication version of the ontology, so it should contain nothing necessary for end users to understand the ontology. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obfoundry.org/obo/obi> GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obofoundry.org/obo/obi> IAO:0000116 uberon editor_note true editor_note editor note editor note IAO:0000116 uberon editor_note true editor_note editor note term editor Name of editor entering the term in the file. The term editor is a point of contact for information regarding the term. The term editor may be, but is not always, the author of the definition, which may have been worked upon by several people 20110707, MC: label update to term editor and definition modified accordingly. See http://code.google.com/p/information-artifact-ontology/issues/detail?id=115. 20110707, MC: label update to term editor and definition modified accordingly. See https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/115. PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> definition editor definition editor term editor term editor alternative label A label for a class or property that can be used to refer to the class or property instead of the preferred rdfs:label. Alternative labels should be used to indicate community- or context-specific labels, abbreviations, shorthand forms and the like. OBO Operations committee PERSON:Daniel Schober GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> Consider re-defing to: An alternative name for a class or property which can mean the same thing as the preferred name (semantically equivalent, narrow, broad or related). alternative label definition source Formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007 formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007 PERSON:Daniel Schober Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> 2023-08-04T14:22:13Z definition source definition source has obsolescence reason Relates an annotation property to an obsolescence reason. The values of obsolescence reasons come from a list of predefined terms, instances of the class obsolescence reason specification. PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Melanie Courtot has obsolescence reason curator note An administrative note of use for a curator but of no use for a user PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg curator note term tracker item the URI for an OBI Terms ticket at sourceforge, such as https://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/772/ the URL for an ontology term tracker issue, such as https://github.com/monarch-initiative/mondo/issues/7588 A URL for a request or discussion of an ontology term. An IRI or similar locator for a request or discussion of an ontology term. Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg IAO:0000233 external term_tracker_item true true term_tracker_item The 'tracker item' can associate a tracker with a specific ontology term. term tracker item term tracker item ontology term requester The name of the person, project, or organization that motivated inclusion of an ontology term by requesting its addition. Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg The 'term requester' can credit the person, organization or project who request the ontology term. ontology term requester is denotator type Relates an class defined in an ontology, to the type of it's denotator In OWL 2 add AnnotationPropertyRange('is denotator type' 'denotator type') Alan Ruttenberg is denotator type imported from For external terms/classes, the ontology from which the term was imported PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Melanie Courtot GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi> imported from expand expression to ObjectProperty: RO_0002104 Label: has plasma membrane part Annotations: IAO_0000424 "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some (http://purl.org/obo/owl/GO#GO_0005886 and http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some ?Y)" A macro expansion tag applied to an object property (or possibly a data property) which can be used by a macro-expansion engine to generate more complex expressions from simpler ones Chris Mungall expand expression to expand assertion to ObjectProperty: RO??? Label: spatially disjoint from Annotations: expand_assertion_to "DisjointClasses: (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some ?X) (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some ?Y)" A macro expansion tag applied to an annotation property which can be expanded into a more detailed axiom. Chris Mungall expand assertion to first order logic expression PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg first order logic expression antisymmetric property part_of antisymmetric property xsd:true Use boolean value xsd:true to indicate that the property is an antisymmetric property Alan Ruttenberg antisymmetric property OBO foundry unique label An alternative name for a class or property which is unique across the OBO Foundry. The intended usage of that property is as follow: OBO foundry unique labels are automatically generated based on regular expressions provided by each ontology, so that SO could specify unique label = 'sequence ' + [label], etc. , MA could specify 'mouse + [label]' etc. Upon importing terms, ontology developers can choose to use the 'OBO foundry unique label' for an imported term or not. The same applies to tools . The intended usage of that property is as follow: OBO foundry unique labels are automatically generated based on regular expressions provided by each ontology, so that SO could specify unique label = 'sequence ' + [label], etc. , MA could specify 'mouse + [label]' etc. Upon importing terms, ontology developers can choose to use the 'OBO foundry unique label' for an imported term or not. The same applies to tools . PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Bjoern Peters PERSON:Chris Mungall PERSON:Melanie Courtot GROUP:OBO Foundry <http://obofoundry.org/> OBO foundry unique label has ID digit count Ontology: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/idrange/> Annotations: 'has ID prefix': "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_" 'has ID digit count' : 7, rdfs:label "RO id policy" 'has ID policy for': "RO" Relates an ontology used to record id policy to the number of digits in the URI. The URI is: the 'has ID prefix" annotation property value concatenated with an integer in the id range (left padded with "0"s to make this many digits) Person:Alan Ruttenberg has ID digit count has ID range allocated Datatype: idrange:1 Annotations: 'has ID range allocated to': "Chris Mungall" EquivalentTo: xsd:integer[> 2151 , <= 2300] Relates a datatype that encodes a range of integers to the name of the person or organization who can use those ids constructed in that range to define new terms Person:Alan Ruttenberg has ID range allocated to has ID policy for Ontology: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/idrange/> Annotations: 'has ID prefix': "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_" 'has ID digit count' : 7, rdfs:label "RO id policy" 'has ID policy for': "RO" Relating an ontology used to record id policy to the ontology namespace whose policy it manages Person:Alan Ruttenberg has ID policy for has ID prefix Ontology: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/idrange/> Annotations: 'has ID prefix': "http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_" 'has ID digit count' : 7, rdfs:label "RO id policy" 'has ID policy for': "RO" Relates an ontology used to record id policy to a prefix concatenated with an integer in the id range (left padded with "0"s to make this many digits) to construct an ID for a term being created. Person:Alan Ruttenberg has ID prefix elucidation person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Barry Smith Primitive terms in a highest-level ontology such as BFO are terms which are so basic to our understanding of reality that there is no way of defining them in a non-circular fashion. For these, therefore, we can provide only elucidations, supplemented by examples and by axioms elucidation has associated axiom(nl) Person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Alan Ruttenberg An axiom associated with a term expressed using natural language has associated axiom(nl) has associated axiom(fol) Person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Alan Ruttenberg An axiom expressed in first order logic using CLIF syntax has associated axiom(fol) is allocated id range Relates an ontology IRI to an (inclusive) range of IRIs in an OBO name space. The range is give as, e.g. "IAO_0020000-IAO_0020999" PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg Add as annotation triples in the granting ontology is allocated id range has ontology root term Ontology annotation property. Relates an ontology to a term that is a designated root term of the ontology. Display tools like OLS can use terms annotated with this property as the starting point for rendering the ontology class hierarchy. There can be more than one root. Nicolas Matentzoglu has ontology root term may be identical to A annotation relationship between two terms in an ontology that may refer to the same (natural) type but where more evidence is required before terms are merged. David Osumi-Sutherland #40 VFB Edges asserting this should be annotated with to record evidence supporting the assertion and its provenance. may be identical to scheduled for obsoletion on or after Used when the class or object is scheduled for obsoletion/deprecation on or after a particular date. Chris Mungall, Jie Zheng https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/15532 https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/32 GO ontology scheduled for obsoletion on or after has axiom id Person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Alan Ruttenberg A URI that is intended to be unique label for an axiom used for tracking change to the ontology. For an axiom expressed in different languages, each expression is given the same URI has axiom label term replaced by Use on obsolete terms, relating the term to another term that can be used as a substitute Person:Alan Ruttenberg Person:Alan Ruttenberg Add as annotation triples in the granting ontology term replaced by This is an annotation used on an object property to indicate a logical characterstic beyond what is possible in OWL. OBO Operations call logical characteristic of object property 'part disjoint with' 'defined by construct' """ PREFIX owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> PREFIX : <http://example.org/ CONSTRUCT { [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :part_of ; owl:someValuesFrom ?a ; owl:disjointWith [ a owl:Restriction ; owl:onProperty :part_of ; owl:someValuesFrom ?b ] ] } WHERE { ?a :part_disjoint_with ?b . } Links an annotation property to a SPARQL CONSTRUCT query which is meant to provide semantics for a shortcut relation. defined by construct The property is intended to be used exclusively on synonym assertions, to express that the synonym in question is the preference of a specific community. For example, one community may prefer to say call a disease "A" and another one "B" (but they are the same thing). A provenance property that denotes a synonym to be the preferred one for a specific community. 2025-06-02 preferred label for community CHEBI:26523 (reactive oxygen species) has an exact synonym (ROS), which is of type OMO:0003000 (abbreviation) A synonym type for describing abbreviations or initialisms 2023-03-03 abbreviation A synonym type for describing ambiguous synonyms 2023-03-03 ambiguous synonym A synonym type for describing dubious synonyms 2023-03-03 dubious synonym EFO:0006346 (severe cutaneous adverse reaction) has an exact synonym (scar), which is of the type OMO:0003003 (layperson synonym) A synonym type for describing layperson or colloquial synonyms 2023-03-03 layperson synonym CHEBI:23367 (molecular entity) has an exact synonym (molecular entities), which is of the type OMO:0003004 (plural form) A synonym type for describing pluralization synonyms 2023-03-03 plural form CHEBI:16189 (sulfate) has an exact synonym (sulphate), which is of the type OMO:0003005 (UK spelling synonym) A synonym type for describing UK spelling variants 2023-03-03 UK spelling synonym A synonym type for common misspellings 2023-03-03 misspelling A synonym type for misnomers, i.e., a synonym that is not technically correct but is commonly used anyway 2023-03-03 misnomer MAPT, the gene that encodes the Tau protein, has a previous name DDPAC. Note: in this case, the name type is more specifically the gene symbol. A synonym type for names that have been used as primary labels in the past. 2023-07-25 previous name The legal name for Harvard University (https://ror.org/03vek6s52) is President and Fellows of Harvard College A synonym type for the legal entity name 2023-07-27 legal name CHEBI:46195 has been assigned the english International Nonproproprietary Name (INN) "paracetamol". In some cases such as this one, the INN might be the same as the ontology's primary label The International Nonproprietary Name (INN) is a standardize name for a pharmaceutical drug or active ingredient issued by the World Health Organization (WHO) meant to address the issues with country- or language-specific brand names. These are issued in several languages, including English, Latin, French, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, and Chinese. 2023-09-30 INN International Nonproprietary Name nasopharynx (UBERON:0001728) has the latin name "pars nasalis pharyngis A synonym type for describing Latin term synonyms. 2023-10-12 latin term NASA is an word acronym for the US National Aeronautics and Space Administration because the acronym is pronounced. FBI is an initialism (also known as alphabetism) for the US Federal Bureau of Investigation since the letters are pronounced one at a time. JPEG is an acronym for Joint Photographic Experts Group but does not count as a word acronym nor an initialism since it is mixed how it is pronounced. A synonym type for describing abbreviations that are a part of the full name's words, such as initialisms or alphabetisms. 2023-11-01 acronym The Developing Mouse Brain Atlas Ontology (DBMA) ontology uses part-of in its hierarchy, so this would correspond to the following turtle: `<https://purl.brain-bican.org/ontology/dmbao/dmbao.owl> a owl:Ontology; OMO:0003014 rdfs:subClassOf, BFO:0000050`. Relates an ontology to predicates/properties that should be used by user interfaces to render the hierarchical structure of the ontology. Typically, this is rdfs:subClassOf, but in ontologies that are partonomies, this might also include BFO:0000050 (part of). Tools like OLS can use predicates annotated with this property for rendering the ontology class hierarchy. There can be more than one hierarchical property. In the absence of any, it should be assumed that it is rdfs:subClassOf. 2025-09-17 has ontology hierarchical property A serial number such as "12324X"; a stop sign; a written proper name such as "OBI An information content entity that is a mark(s) or character(s) used as a conventional representation of another entity. 2024-03-25 has symbol This subset property pulls out terms related to the International Classification of Orofacial Pain, 1st edition. PMID:32103673 ICOP contributor date created subset_property An alternative label for a class or property which has a more general meaning than the preferred name/primary label. https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/18 has broad synonym https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/18 disease characteristic (MONDO:0021125) has cross-reference (http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#hasDbXref) "NCIT:C41009"^^xsd:string An annotation property that links an ontology entity or a statement to a prefixed identifier or URI. 2024-03-18 database_cross_reference has cross-reference database_cross_reference A property representing a fully qualified synonym, contains the string, term type, source, and an optional source code if appropriate. Each subfield is deliniated to facilitate interpretation by software. An alternative label for a class or property which has the exact same meaning than the preferred name/primary label. https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/20 FULL_SYN Synonym with Source Data has exact synonym has exact synonym has_exact_synonym https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/20 A property representing a fully qualified synonym, contains the string, term type, source, and an optional source code if appropriate. Each subfield is deliniated to facilitate interpretation by software. NCI FULL_SYN PT NCI Synonym with Source Data SY NCI has_exact_synonym An alternative label for a class or property which has a more specific meaning than the preferred name/primary label. https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/19 has narrow synonym https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/19 disease_ontology has_obo_namespace has_obo_namespace An alternative label for a class or property that has been used synonymously with the primary term name, but the usage is not strictly correct. https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/21 has related synonym https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/21 id shorthand is defined by is defined by This is an experimental annotation label label label label rdfs:label is part of my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities) my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity) this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood) a core relation that holds between a part and its whole part_of BFO:0000050 external quality part_of part_of part of part of part_of http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:part_of https://wiki.geneontology.org/Part_of has part my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities) my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity) this year has part this day (occurrent parthood) a core relation that holds between a whole and its part has_part BFO:0000051 external quality has_part has_part has part has part has_part realizes this disease course realizes this disease this investigation realizes this investigator role this shattering realizes this fragility Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a process and a realizable entity, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003]) Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a process and a realizable entity, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process realizes preceded by x is preceded by y if and only if the time point at which y ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which x starts. Formally: x preceded by y iff ω(y) <= α(x), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. is preceded by preceded_by http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:preceded_by preceded by precedes x precedes y if and only if the time point at which x ends is before or equivalent to the time point at which y starts. Formally: x precedes y iff ω(x) <= α(y), where α is a function that maps a process to a start point, and ω is a function that maps a process to an end point. precedes Concomitant continuous pain (CCP) in trigeminal neuralgia is often experienced as burning or throbbing. A relation between a nervous system process and a cognitive process in which the nervous system process is gives rise to an experiential mental process. 2024-06-13T22:09:02Z experienced as Brain freeze is a brief, intense pain experienced in the forehead. A relation between a nervous system process and a cognitive process in which a physical sensation is subjectively experienced as occurring in an anatomical entity, site, or a site where an anatomical entity is usually located. 2025-04-28T16:36:53Z experienced in chest pain of myocardial infarction experienced in referred site left arm headache pain of a cold-stimulus response (brain freeze) experienced in referred site forehead A relation between a physical sensation and an anatomical entity or site, distinct from the site of the causal stimulus underlying the sensation, in which the sensation is subjectively experienced as occurring in the anatomical entity or site. 2026-09-10T22:40:49Z experienced in referred site inheres in this fragility is a characteristic of this vase this red color is a characteristic of this apple a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the characteristic) and any other entity (the bearer), in which the characteristic depends on the bearer for its existence. inheres_in Note that this relation was previously called "inheres in", but was changed to be called "characteristic of" because BFO2 uses "inheres in" in a more restricted fashion. This relation differs from BFO2:inheres_in in two respects: (1) it does not impose a range constraint, and thus it allows qualities of processes, as well as of information entities, whereas BFO2 restricts inheres_in to only apply to independent continuants (2) it is declared functional, i.e. something can only be a characteristic of one thing. characteristic of bearer of this apple is bearer of this red color this vase is bearer of this fragility Inverse of characteristic_of bearer_of is bearer of has characteristic participates in this blood clot participates in this blood coagulation this input material (or this output material) participates in this process this investigator participates in this investigation a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process participates_in participates in has participant this blood coagulation has participant this blood clot this investigation has participant this investigator this process has participant this input material (or this output material) a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process has_participant http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:has_participant has participant X ends_after Y iff: end(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with end(X) ends after x overlaps y if and only if there exists some z such that x has part z and z part of y x overlaps y iff they have some part in common. http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000051 some (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/BFO_0000050 some ?Y) RO:0002131 overlaps overlaps "(forall (x y) (iff (overlaps x y) (exists (z) (and (part of z x) (part of z y)))))" CLIF [] overlaps overlaps x overlaps y iff they have some part in common. BSPO:cjm mechanosensory neuron capable of detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception (GO:0050974) osteoclast SubClassOf 'capable of' some 'bone resorption' A relation between a material entity (such as a cell) and a process, in which the material entity has the ability to carry out the process. A relation between a material entity (such as a cell) and a process, in which the material entity has the ability to carry out the process. has function realized in RO:0002215 capable_of capable_of capable of capable of c stands in this relationship to p if and only if there exists some p' such that c is capable_of p', and p' is part_of p. has function in RO:0002216 capable_of_part_of capable_of_part_of capable of part of capable of part of https://docs.google.com/document/d/1kBv1ep_9g3sTR-SD3jqzFqhuwo9TPNF-l-9fUDbO6rM/edit?pli=1 A relation that holds between two occurrents. This is a grouping relation that collects together all the Allen relations. temporally related to p has input c iff: p is a process, c is a material entity, c is a participant in p, c is present at the start of p, and the state of c is modified during p. consumes has input https://wiki.geneontology.org/Has_input p has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present in the same state at the beginning of p. produces has output https://wiki.geneontology.org/Has_output q characteristic of part of w if and only if there exists some p such that q inheres in p and p part of w. inheres in part of characteristic of part of A mereological relationship or a topological relationship mereotopologically related to a particular instances of akt-2 enables some instance of protein kinase activity c enables p iff c is capable of p and c acts to execute p. catalyzes executes is catalyzing is executing enables https://wiki.geneontology.org/Enables A grouping relationship for any relationship directly involving a function, or that holds because of a function of one of the related entities. RO:0002328 functionally_related_to functionally_related_to functionally related to functionally related to inverse of enables enabled by https://wiki.geneontology.org/Enabled_by inverse of has input input of inverse of has output output of inverse of upstream of causally downstream of relation that links two events, processes, states, or objects such that one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is partly or wholly responsible for the effect, and the effect is partly or wholly dependent on the cause. causally related to relation that links two events, processes, states, or objects such that one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is partly or wholly responsible for the effect, and the effect is partly or wholly dependent on the cause. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causality p is causally upstream of q iff p is causally related to q, the end of p precedes the end of q, and p is not an occurrent part of q. causally upstream of p is 'causally upstream or within' q iff p is causally related to q, and the end of p precedes, or is coincident with, the end of q. influences (processual) affects causally upstream of or within inverse of causally upstream of or within causally downstream of or within A relationship between a material entity and a process where the material entity has some causal role that influences the process causal agent in process p is causally related to q if and only if p or any part of p and q or any part of q are linked by a chain of events where each event pair is one where the execution of p influences the execution of q. p may be upstream, downstream, part of, or a container of q. causal relation between processes depends on A relationship that holds between a material entity and a process in which causality is involved, with either the material entity or some part of the material entity exerting some influence over the process, or the process influencing some aspect of the material entity. causal relation between material entity and a process q1 different_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) NOT =~ magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. different in magnitude relative to q1 different_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) NOT =~ magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 q1 increased_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) > magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. This relation is used to determine the 'directionality' of relative qualities such as 'increased strength', relative to the parent type, 'strength'. increased in magnitude relative to q1 increased_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) > magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 q1 decreased_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) < magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. This relation is used to determine the 'directionality' of relative qualities such as 'decreased strength', relative to the parent type, 'strength'. decreased in magnitude relative to q1 decreased_in_magnitude_relative_to q2 if and only if magnitude(q1) < magnitude(q2). Here, magnitude(q) is a function that maps a quality to a unit-invariant scale. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 process Process a process of cell-division, \ a beating of the heart a process of meiosis a process of sleeping the course of a disease the flight of a bird the life of an organism your process of aging. An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) (iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003] source BFO:0000015 process process p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003]) (iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003] disposition Disposition an atom of element X has the disposition to decay to an atom of element Y certain people have a predisposition to colon cancer children are innately disposed to categorize objects in certain ways. the cell wall is disposed to filter chemicals in endocytosis and exocytosis b is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002]) If b is a realizable entity then for all t at which b exists, b s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [063-002]) (forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002] (forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002] disposition b is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002]) If b is a realizable entity then for all t at which b exists, b s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [063-002]) (forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002] (forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002] realizable RealizableEntity the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity. the disposition of your blood to coagulate the function of your reproductive organs the role of being a doctor the role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meet A specifically dependent continuant that inheres in continuant entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances. To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002]) All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002]) (forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002] (forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002] realizable entity To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002]) All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002]) (forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002] (forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002] material MaterialEntity a flame a forest fire a human being a hurricane a photon a puff of smoke a sea wave a tornado an aggregate of human beings. an energy wave an epidemic the undetached arm of a human being An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time. A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002]) Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002]) every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002]) (forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002] material entity material entity A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002]) Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002]) every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002]) (forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002] (forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002] A material entity of anatomical origin (part of or deriving from an organism) that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane. CALOHA:TS-2035 FBbt:00007002 FMA:68646 GO:0005623 KUPO:0000002 MESH:D002477 VHOG:0001533 WBbt:0004017 XAO:0003012 ZFA:0009000 The definition of cell is intended to represent all cells, and thus a cell is defined as a material entity and not an anatomical structure, which implies that it is part of an organism (or the entirety of one). cell cell A material entity of anatomical origin (part of or deriving from an organism) that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane. CARO:mah FBbt:00007002 ZFA:0009000 Any sensory receptor cell that is a(n) neuron and is capable of some detection of stimulus involved in sensory perception. ZFA:0009001 neuronal receptor cell (sensu Animalia) neuronal receptor cell neuronal receptor cell Any sensory receptor cell that is a(n) neuron and is capable of some detection of stimulus involved in sensory perception. FBC:Autogenerated ZFA:0009001 neuron associated cell neuron associated cell Any neuron having a sensory function; an afferent neuron conveying sensory impulses. BTO:0001037 FBbt:00005124 FMA:84649 MESH:D011984 WBbt:0005759 ZFA:0009053 sensory neuron sensory neuron Any neuron having a sensory function; an afferent neuron conveying sensory impulses. ISBN:0721662544 FBbt:00005124 ZFA:0009053 A non-neuronal cell of the nervous system. They not only provide physical support, but also respond to injury, regulate the ionic and chemical composition of the extracellular milieu. Guide neuronal migration during development, and exchange metabolites with neurons. Glial cells, also known as neuroglia or simply glia, are non-neuronal cells in the central and peripheral nervous systems that provide support and protection for neurons. They constitute approximately half of the total cells in the human brain and more than half in other parts of the nervous system. Glial cells perform several key functions including, but not limited to, maintaining homeostasis, forming the myelin sheath around the neuron axons, and providing support and nutrition to neurons. These different functions are performed by various glial cell types, including astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia and other specialized types. Astrocytes, for example, are the most abundant glial cells and provide metabolic and nutrient support to neurons, help regulate the extracellular ion and neurotransmitter levels, and play a role in the formation and maintenance of the blood-brain barrier, contributing to the overall homeostasis and functioning of the nervous system. Additionally, astrocytes are involved in synaptic communication and participate in processes such as synaptogenesis and synaptic pruning. Oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system function to insulate neurons by producing a fatty substance known as myelin. The myelin sheath enhances the speed and efficiency of nerve impulse conduction along the axons. Microglia, the immune cells of the central nervous system, protect neurons from pathogens and clear away dead neurons through phagocytosis, a process also known as cellular eating. They also contribute to the regulation of inflammation in response to signals of tissue damage or infection in the central nervous system by releasing cytokines and other signaling molecules that modulate the immune response. Despite their overarching function in the support and protection of neurons, glial cells have also been shown to play significant roles in the pathophysiology of many psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s Disease and multiple sclerosis. (This extended description was generated by ChatGPT and reviewed by the CellGuide team, who added references, and by the CL editors, who approved it for inclusion in CL. It may contain information that applies only to some subtypes and species, and so should not be considered definitional.) BTO:0002606 CALOHA:TS-0415 FBbt:00005144 FMA:54536 ZFA:0009073 neuroglial cell neuroglia Not all glial cells develop from glioblasts, with microglia developing from the mesoderm instead. See https://github.com/obophenotype/cell-ontology/issues/1571 glial cell https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0000125 glial cell A non-neuronal cell of the nervous system. They not only provide physical support, but also respond to injury, regulate the ionic and chemical composition of the extracellular milieu. Guide neuronal migration during development, and exchange metabolites with neurons. MESH:D009457 Glial cells, also known as neuroglia or simply glia, are non-neuronal cells in the central and peripheral nervous systems that provide support and protection for neurons. They constitute approximately half of the total cells in the human brain and more than half in other parts of the nervous system. Glial cells perform several key functions including, but not limited to, maintaining homeostasis, forming the myelin sheath around the neuron axons, and providing support and nutrition to neurons. These different functions are performed by various glial cell types, including astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia and other specialized types. Astrocytes, for example, are the most abundant glial cells and provide metabolic and nutrient support to neurons, help regulate the extracellular ion and neurotransmitter levels, and play a role in the formation and maintenance of the blood-brain barrier, contributing to the overall homeostasis and functioning of the nervous system. Additionally, astrocytes are involved in synaptic communication and participate in processes such as synaptogenesis and synaptic pruning. Oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system function to insulate neurons by producing a fatty substance known as myelin. The myelin sheath enhances the speed and efficiency of nerve impulse conduction along the axons. Microglia, the immune cells of the central nervous system, protect neurons from pathogens and clear away dead neurons through phagocytosis, a process also known as cellular eating. They also contribute to the regulation of inflammation in response to signals of tissue damage or infection in the central nervous system by releasing cytokines and other signaling molecules that modulate the immune response. Despite their overarching function in the support and protection of neurons, glial cells have also been shown to play significant roles in the pathophysiology of many psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s Disease and multiple sclerosis. (This extended description was generated by ChatGPT and reviewed by the CellGuide team, who added references, and by the CL editors, who approved it for inclusion in CL. It may contain information that applies only to some subtypes and species, and so should not be considered definitional.) DOI:10.1002/glia.24343 DOI:10.1038/nn1988 DOI:10.1101/cshperspect.a020602 DOI:10.1126/science.aat0473 DOI:10.3389/fncel.2017.00024 FBbt:00005144 ZFA:0009073 https://cellxgene.cziscience.com/cellguide/CL_0000125 glial cell on CELLxGENE CellGuide A cell that is capable of detection of a stimulus involved in sensory perception. MESH:D011984 receptor cell sensory receptor cell sensory receptor cell The peripheral receptor for pain. Includes receptors which are sensitive to painful mechanical stimuli, extreme heat or cold, and chemical stimuli. All mammalian nociceptors are free nerve endings. ZFA:0009119 nociceptor nocireceptor Editor note: request detection of stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain; add develops_from relationship pain receptor cell The peripheral receptor for pain. Includes receptors which are sensitive to painful mechanical stimuli, extreme heat or cold, and chemical stimuli. All mammalian nociceptors are free nerve endings. MESH:D009619 ZFA:0009119 nociceptor https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D009619 nocireceptor https://www.thefreedictionary.com/nocireceptor A cell whose function is determined by the generation or the reception of an electric signal. ZFA:0009128 electrically active cell electrically active cell A cell whose function is determined by the generation or the reception of an electric signal. FB:ma ZFA:0009128 Any cell that in taxon some Eukaryota. MESH:D005057 eukaryotic cell eukaryotic cell Any cell that in taxon some Eukaryota. FBC:Autogenerated A cell whose function is determined by its response to an electric signal. ZFA:0009190 electrically responsive cell electrically responsive cell A cell whose function is determined by its response to an electric signal. FB:ma ZFA:0009190 A cell that initiates an electrical signal and passes that signal to another cell. ZFA:0009193 electrically signaling cell electrically signaling cell A cell that initiates an electrical signal and passes that signal to another cell. FB:ma ZFA:0009193 A neuron which conveys sensory information centrally from the periphery. FMA:87653 ZFA:0009238 input neuron afferent neuron afferent neuron A neuron which conveys sensory information centrally from the periphery. GOC:tfm MESH:D009475 ZFA:0009238 The basic cellular unit of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system. BTO:0000938 CALOHA:TS-0683 FBbt:00005106 FMA:54527 VHOG:0001483 WBbt:0003679 ZFA:0009248 nerve cell These cells are also reportedly CD4-negative and CD200-positive. They are also capable of producing CD40L and IFN-gamma. neuron neuron https://www.swissbiopics.org/api/image/Neuron_cells.svg ZFA:0009248 The basic cellular unit of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system. MESH:D009474 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuron FBbt:00005106 unimodal nocireceptor polymodal nocireceptor A cell that is part of the nervous system. 2010-09-15T01:34:57Z CALOHA:TS-2040 FMA:70333 neural cell neural cell A cell that is part of the nervous system. GOC:tfm ISBN:0618947256 characteristic A behavioral response that includes overt action, cognitive response, verbal response, or physiological reaction in response to a situation or event, or internal process which evokes positive feelings, negative feelings, or surprise (i.e., emotional experiences). emotion response process (EMRO) 2025-11-24T20:50:19Z emotion emotion response process http://opendata.inrae.fr/PO2/Ontology/TransformON/c_5qTfIv http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/GECKO_0000121 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C54266 http://semanticscience.org/resource/SIO_000276 http://snomed.info/id/285854004 emotion response A cognitive process during which an organism is aware of something either internal or external to itself. phenomenal cognitive experience (EMRO) 2025-11-24T20:52:17Z phenomenal cognitive experience A cognitive process during which an organism is aware of something either internal or external to itself. https://dictionary.apa.org/consciousness A phenomenal cognitive experience evaluated as pleasant or unpleasant. emotional experience (EMRO) 2025-11-24T20:52:39Z emotional experience A phenomenal cognitive experience evaluated as pleasant or unpleasant. https://dictionary.apa.org/feeling A phenomenal cognitive experience produced by the parts of the nervous sysem involved in awareness of the external world (i.e., external stimulus) or changes to internal organs. A sensory experience does not necessarily entail the existence phenomenon experiences (e.g., hallucinations). sensory experience (EMRO) 2025-11-24T20:59:47Z sensory experience A phenomenal cognitive experience produced by the parts of the nervous sysem involved in awareness of the external world (i.e., external stimulus) or changes to internal organs. A sensory experience does not necessarily entail the existence phenomenon experiences (e.g., hallucinations). https://dictionary.apa.org/sensation A process in which membrane potential cycles through a depolarizing spike, triggered in response to depolarization above some threshold, followed by repolarization. This cycle is driven by the flow of ions through various voltage gated channels with different thresholds and ion specificities. biological_process GO:0001508 Action potentials typically propagate across excitable membranes. This class covers both action potentials that propagate and those that fail to do so. action potential A process in which membrane potential cycles through a depolarizing spike, triggered in response to depolarization above some threshold, followed by repolarization. This cycle is driven by the flow of ions through various voltage gated channels with different thresholds and ion specificities. GOC:curators GOC:dph GOC:tb ISBN:978-0-07-139011-8 Any process involved in the development or functioning of the immune system, an organismal system for calibrated responses to potential internal or invasive threats. Wikipedia:Immune_system biological_process GO:0002376 Note that this term is a direct child of 'biological_process ; GO:0008150' because some immune system processes are types of cellular process (GO:0009987), whereas others are types of multicellular organism process (GO:0032501). immune system process Any process involved in the development or functioning of the immune system, an organismal system for calibrated responses to potential internal or invasive threats. GOC:add GO_REF:0000022 An inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus, which can be include any number of T cell or B cell epitopes. biological_process GO:0002437 inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus An inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus, which can be include any number of T cell or B cell epitopes. GOC:add ISBN:0781735149 An acute inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus. An acute inflammatory response occurs within a matter of minutes or hours, and either resolves within a few days or becomes a chronic inflammatory response. biological_process GO:0002438 acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus An acute inflammatory response to an antigenic stimulus. An acute inflammatory response occurs within a matter of minutes or hours, and either resolves within a few days or becomes a chronic inflammatory response. GOC:add GO_REF:0000022 ISBN:0781735149 An inflammatory response to an exogenous environmental antigen or an endogenous antigen initiated by the adaptive immune system. Wikipedia:Hypersensitivity biological_process hypersensitivity response GO:0002524 hypersensitivity An inflammatory response to an exogenous environmental antigen or an endogenous antigen initiated by the adaptive immune system. GOC:jal ISBN:0781735149 hypersensitivity response ISBN:0781735149 Inflammation which comprises a rapid, short-lived, relatively uniform response to acute injury or antigenic challenge and is characterized by accumulations of fluid, plasma proteins, and granulocytic leukocytes. An acute inflammatory response occurs within a matter of minutes or hours, and either resolves within a few days or becomes a chronic inflammatory response. biological_process GO:0002526 acute inflammatory response Inflammation which comprises a rapid, short-lived, relatively uniform response to acute injury or antigenic challenge and is characterized by accumulations of fluid, plasma proteins, and granulocytic leukocytes. An acute inflammatory response occurs within a matter of minutes or hours, and either resolves within a few days or becomes a chronic inflammatory response. GOC:add GO_REF:0000022 ISBN:0781735149 A multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system. An organ system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a biological objective. organ system process biological_process GO:0003008 system process A multicellular organismal process carried out by any of the organs or tissues in an organ system. An organ system is a regularly interacting or interdependent group of organs or tissues that work together to carry out a biological objective. GOC:mtg_cardio Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/26810 biological_process response to abiotic stress response to biotic stress GO:0006950 response to stress Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a disturbance in organismal or cellular homeostasis, usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). GOC:mah Reactions, triggered in response to the presence of a foreign body or the occurrence of an injury, which result in restriction of damage to the organism attacked or prevention/recovery from the infection caused by the attack. GO:0002217 GO:0042829 defence response physiological defense response biological_process antimicrobial peptide activity defense/immunity protein activity GO:0006952 defense response Reactions, triggered in response to the presence of a foreign body or the occurrence of an injury, which result in restriction of damage to the organism attacked or prevention/recovery from the infection caused by the attack. GOC:curators The immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The process is characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages. inflammation Wikipedia:Inflammation biological_process GO:0006954 inflammatory response The immediate defensive reaction (by vertebrate tissue) to infection or injury caused by chemical or physical agents. The process is characterized by local vasodilation, extravasation of plasma into intercellular spaces and accumulation of white blood cells and macrophages. GO_REF:0000022 ISBN:0198506732 Any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat. biological_process GO:0006955 immune response Any immune system process that functions in the calibrated response of an organism to a potential internal or invasive threat. GOC:add GO_REF:0000022 The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. Reactome:R-HSA-9709957 Wikipedia:Perception biological_process GO:0007600 sensory perception The series of events required for an organism to receive a sensory stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. GOC:ai GOC:dph Reactome:R-HSA-9709957 Sensory Perception The internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of animals (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli, via a mechanism that involves nervous system activity. jl 2012-09-20T14:06:08Z GO:0023032 GO:0044708 GO:0044709 Wikipedia:Behavior behavioral response to stimulus behaviour behavioural response to stimulus biological_process single-organism behavior GO:0007610 1. Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation reviews. 2. While a broader definition of behavior encompassing plants and single cell organisms would be justified on the basis of some usage (see PMID:20160973 for discussion), GO uses a tight definition that limits behavior to animals and to responses involving the nervous system, excluding plant responses that GO classifies under development, and responses of unicellular organisms that has general classifications for covering the responses of cells in multicellular organisms (e.g. cell chemotaxis). behavior behavioral response to stimulus The internally coordinated responses (actions or inactions) of animals (individuals or groups) to internal or external stimuli, via a mechanism that involves nervous system activity. GOC:ems GOC:jl ISBN:0395448956 PMID:20160973 The acquisition and processing of information and/or the storage and retrieval of this information over time. biological_process GO:0007611 learning or memory The acquisition and processing of information and/or the storage and retrieval of this information over time. GOC:jid PMID:8938125 Any process in an organism in which a relatively long-lasting adaptive behavioral change occurs as the result of experience. Wikipedia:Learning biological_process GO:0007612 learning Any process in an organism in which a relatively long-lasting adaptive behavioral change occurs as the result of experience. ISBN:0582227089 ISBN:0721662544 A biological process is the execution of a genetically-encoded biological module or program. It consists of all the steps required to achieve the specific biological objective of the module. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence. https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/24968 jl 2012-09-19T15:05:24Z GO:0000004 GO:0007582 GO:0044699 Wikipedia:Biological_process biological process physiological process biological_process single organism process single-organism process GO:0008150 Note that, in addition to forming the root of the biological process ontology, this term is recommended for the annotation of gene products whose biological process is unknown. When this term is used for annotation, it indicates that no information was available about the biological process of the gene product annotated as of the date the annotation was made; the evidence code 'no data' (ND), is used to indicate this. biological_process A biological process is the execution of a genetically-encoded biological module or program. It consists of all the steps required to achieve the specific biological objective of the module. A biological process is accomplished by a particular set of molecular functions carried out by specific gene products (or macromolecular complexes), often in a highly regulated manner and in a particular temporal sequence. GOC:pdt Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a temperature stimulus. response to thermal stimulus biological_process GO:0009266 response to temperature stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a temperature stimulus. GOC:hb The series of events in which an external stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. biological_process perception of external stimulus GO:0009581 detection of external stimulus The series of events in which an external stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. GOC:hb The series of events in which an (non-living) abiotic stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. biological_process perception of abiotic stimulus GO:0009582 detection of abiotic stimulus The series of events in which an (non-living) abiotic stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. GOC:hb The series of events in which a chemical stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. chemoperception detection of chemical substance biological_process chemoreception perception of chemical stimulus perception of chemical substance GO:0009593 detection of chemical stimulus The series of events in which a chemical stimulus is received by a cell and converted into a molecular signal. GOC:jl Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external stimulus. response to environmental stimulus biological_process GO:0009605 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. response to external stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an external stimulus. GOC:hb Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mechanical stimulus. mechanical stimulus response biological_process chemi-mechanical coupling GO:0009612 response to mechanical stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a mechanical stimulus. GOC:hb Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abiotic (not derived from living organisms) stimulus. https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/16572 response to abiotic stress biological_process GO:0009628 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. response to abiotic stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of an abiotic (not derived from living organisms) stimulus. GOC:hb The series of events in which a temperature stimulus (hot or cold) is received and converted into a molecular signal. detection of temperature detection of thermal stimulus biological_process perception of temperature GO:0016048 detection of temperature stimulus The series of events in which a temperature stimulus (hot or cold) is received and converted into a molecular signal. GOC:hb The neurological system process in which a signal is transmitted through the nervous system by a combination of action potential propagation and synaptic transmission. conduction of nerve impulse signal transmission along a neuron biological_process GO:0019226 transmission of nerve impulse The neurological system process in which a signal is transmitted through the nervous system by a combination of action potential propagation and synaptic transmission. GOC:curators ISBN:0815316194 conduction of nerve impulse GOC:dph An action potential that occurs in a neuron. biological_process generation of action potential GO:0019228 neuronal action potential An action potential that occurs in a neuron. GOC:dph GOC:isa_complete GOC:tb generation of action potential GOC:dph GOC:tb The series of events required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. A painful stimulus is any physical or chemical event that has the potential to cause tissue damage (actual or perceived) and activates the nociceptive system. https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/29807 Wikipedia:Nociception perception of physiological pain biological_process nociception GO:0019233 sensory perception of pain The series of events required for an organism to receive a painful stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. A painful stimulus is any physical or chemical event that has the potential to cause tissue damage (actual or perceived) and activates the nociceptive system. GOC:curators The series of events required for an organism to receive a fast pain stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. Fast pain is often subjectively described as a sharp or stabbing pain; in humans, the signals from a fast pain stimulus are perceived and relayed along myelinated A-delta fibers to the central nervous system, reaching their target in about 0.1 seconds. biological_process GO:0019234 sensory perception of fast pain The series of events required for an organism to receive a fast pain stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. Fast pain is often subjectively described as a sharp or stabbing pain; in humans, the signals from a fast pain stimulus are perceived and relayed along myelinated A-delta fibers to the central nervous system, reaching their target in about 0.1 seconds. PMID:38704307 The series of events required for an organism to receive a slow pain stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. Slow pain is often subjectively described as an aching or throbbing pain; in humans, the signals from a slow pain stimulus are perceived and relayed along unmyelinated C fibers to the central nervous system, reaching their target in about 1 second. Slow pain is often associated with tissue destruction. biological_process GO:0019235 sensory perception of slow pain The series of events required for an organism to receive a slow pain stimulus, convert it to a molecular signal, and recognize and characterize the signal. This is a neurological process. Slow pain is often subjectively described as an aching or throbbing pain; in humans, the signals from a slow pain stimulus are perceived and relayed along unmyelinated C fibers to the central nervous system, reaching their target in about 1 second. Slow pain is often associated with tissue destruction. PMID:38704307 http://www.people.vcu.edu/~mikuleck/ssspain/ Any biological process, occurring at the level of a multicellular organism, pertinent to its function. https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/27189 jl 2012-09-19T16:07:47Z GO:0044707 GO:0050874 organismal physiological process biological_process single-multicellular organism process GO:0032501 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. multicellular organismal process Any biological process, occurring at the level of a multicellular organism, pertinent to its function. GOC:curators GOC:dph GOC:isa_complete GOC:tb Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a multicellular organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). biological_process GO:0033555 multicellular organismal response to stress Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a multicellular organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus indicating the organism is under stress. The stress is usually, but not necessarily, exogenous (e.g. temperature, humidity, ionizing radiation). GOC:mah Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane. biological_process GO:0042391 regulation of membrane potential Any process that modulates the establishment or extent of a membrane potential, the electric potential existing across any membrane arising from charges in the membrane itself and from the charges present in the media on either side of the membrane. GOC:jl GOC:mtg_cardio GOC:tb ISBN:0198506732 A simple form of learning whereby the repeated presence of a stimulus leads to a change in the probability or strength of the response to that stimulus. There is no association of one type of stimulus with another, rather it is a generalized response to the environment. unconditional response biological_process GO:0046958 nonassociative learning A simple form of learning whereby the repeated presence of a stimulus leads to a change in the probability or strength of the response to that stimulus. There is no association of one type of stimulus with another, rather it is a generalized response to the environment. ISBN:0582227089 An increased in a behavioral response to a repeated stimulus. For example, a shock to the tail of the marine snail Aplysia, to which the snail responds by withdrawing its gill, will result in increased gill withdrawal the next time the skin is touched. Wikipedia:Sensitization biological_process GO:0046960 sensitization An increased in a behavioral response to a repeated stimulus. For example, a shock to the tail of the marine snail Aplysia, to which the snail responds by withdrawing its gill, will result in increased gill withdrawal the next time the skin is touched. ISBN:0582227089 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pain stimulus. Pain stimuli cause activation of nociceptors, peripheral receptors for pain, include receptors which are sensitive to painful mechanical stimuli, extreme heat or cold, and chemical stimuli. GO:0048267 physiological response to pain biological_process GO:0048265 response to pain Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a pain stimulus. Pain stimuli cause activation of nociceptors, peripheral receptors for pain, include receptors which are sensitive to painful mechanical stimuli, extreme heat or cold, and chemical stimuli. GOC:jid PMID:10203867 PMID:12723742 PMID:12843304 Wikipedia:Pain Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of a pain stimulus. Pain stimuli cause activation of nociceptors, peripheral receptors for pain, include receptors which are sensitive to painful mechanical stimuli, extreme heat or cold, and chemical stimuli. https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/31407 behavioural response to pain biological_process GO:0048266 behavioral response to pain Any process that results in a change in the behavior of an organism as a result of a pain stimulus. Pain stimuli cause activation of nociceptors, peripheral receptors for pain, include receptors which are sensitive to painful mechanical stimuli, extreme heat or cold, and chemical stimuli. GOC:jid An organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the neurological system. https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/13824 neurological system process neurophysiological process biological_process pan-neural process GO:0050877 nervous system process An organ system process carried out by any of the organs or tissues of the neurological system. GOC:ai GOC:mtg_cardio The operation of the mind by which an organism becomes aware of objects of thought or perception; it includes the mental activities associated with thinking, learning, and memory. Wikipedia:Cognition biological_process GO:0050890 cognition cognitive process The operation of the mind by which an organism becomes aware of objects of thought or perception; it includes the mental activities associated with thinking, learning, and memory. ISBN:0721619908 Any neural process required for an organism to sense and interpret the dimensions of a sensory experience: modality, location, intensity and affect. biological_process GO:0050893 sensory processing Any neural process required for an organism to sense and interpret the dimensions of a sensory experience: modality, location, intensity and affect. GOC:dph ISBN:0721662544 Any process in which an emotional response is associated with a particular sensory stimulation. biological_process GO:0050894 determination of affect Any process in which an emotional response is associated with a particular sensory stimulation. GOC:ai GOC:dph ISBN:0721662544 Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell or organism. GO:0051869 physiological response to stimulus biological_process GO:0050896 Note that this term is in the subset of terms that should not be used for direct gene product annotation. Instead, select a child term or, if no appropriate child term exists, please request a new term. Direct annotations to this term may be amended during annotation QC. response to stimulus Any process that results in a change in state or activity of a cell or an organism (in terms of movement, secretion, enzyme production, gene expression, etc.) as a result of a stimulus. The process begins with detection of the stimulus and ends with a change in state or activity or the cell or organism. GOC:ai GOC:bf The series of events involved in sensory perception in which a sensory stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. Wikipedia:Transduction_(physiology) sensory detection of stimulus sensory perception, sensory transduction of stimulus sensory perception, stimulus detection sensory transduction biological_process GO:0050906 detection of stimulus involved in sensory perception The series of events involved in sensory perception in which a sensory stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. GOC:ai GOC:dos GOC:dph The series of events in which a chemical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal as part of sensory perception. sensory detection of chemical stimulus sensory detection of chemical stimulus during sensory perception sensory perception, sensory detection of chemical stimulus sensory perception, sensory transduction of chemical stimulus sensory transduction of chemical stimulus sensory transduction of chemical stimulus during sensory perception biological_process GO:0050907 detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception The series of events in which a chemical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal as part of sensory perception. GOC:ai GOC:dos The series of events in which a temperature stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal as part of sensory perception. sensory detection of temperature stimulus sensory detection of temperature stimulus during sensory perception sensory detection of thermal stimulus during sensory perception sensory perception, sensory detection of temperature stimulus sensory perception, sensory detection of thermal stimulus sensory perception, sensory transduction of temperature stimulus sensory perception, sensory transduction of thermal stimulus sensory transduction of temperature stimulus sensory transduction of temperature stimulus during sensory perception sensory transduction of thermal stimulus during sensory perception sensory detection of heat stimulus during sensory perception sensory perception, sensory detection of heat stimulus sensory perception, sensory transduction of heat stimulus sensory transduction of heat stimulus during sensory perception biological_process GO:0050961 detection of temperature stimulus involved in sensory perception The series of events in which a temperature stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal as part of sensory perception. GOC:ai GOC:dos The series of events involved in the perception of pain in which a temperature stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. perception of pain, detection of temperature stimulus perception of pain, sensory detection of temperature stimulus perception of pain, sensory transduction of temperature stimulus sensory detection of temperature stimulus during perception of pain sensory detection of thermal stimulus during sensory perception of pain sensory perception of pain, sensory detection of thermal stimulus sensory perception of pain, sensory transduction of thermal stimulus sensory transduction of temperature stimulus during perception of pain sensory transduction of thermal stimulus during sensory perception of pain biological_process thermal nociception GO:0050965 detection of temperature stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain The series of events involved in the perception of pain in which a temperature stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. GOC:ai GOC:dos thermal nociception GOC:pr The series of events involved in the perception of pain in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. perception of pain, detection of mechanical stimulus perception of pain, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus perception of pain, sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus sensory detection of mechanical stimulus during perception of pain sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus during perception of pain biological_process mechanical nociception GO:0050966 detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain The series of events involved in the perception of pain in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. GOC:ai GOC:dos mechanical nociception GOC:pr The series of events involved in the perception of pain in which a chemical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. perception of pain, detection of chemical stimulus perception of pain, sensory detection of chemical stimulus perception of pain, sensory transduction of chemical stimulus sensory detection of chemical stimulus during perception of pain sensory transduction of chemical stimulus during perception of pain biological_process chemical nociception GO:0050968 detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain The series of events involved in the perception of pain in which a chemical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. GOC:ai chemical nociception GOC:pr The series of events in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal as part of sensory perception. sensory detection of mechanical stimulus sensory detection of mechanical stimulus during sensory perception sensory perception, sensory detection of mechanical stimulus sensory perception, sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus sensory transduction of mechanical stimulus during sensory perception biological_process GO:0050974 detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception The series of events in which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal as part of sensory perception. GOC:ai GOC:dos The series of events by which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. biological_process GO:0050982 detection of mechanical stimulus The series of events by which a mechanical stimulus is received and converted into a molecular signal. GOC:ai GOC:dos The series of events in which a stimulus is received by a cell or organism and converted into a molecular signal. stimulus detection biological_process perception of stimulus stimulus sensing GO:0051606 detection of stimulus The series of events in which a stimulus is received by a cell or organism and converted into a molecular signal. GOC:add GOC:ai GOC:dph GOC:mah Any process that modulates a measurable attribute of any biological process, quality or function. regulation biological_process GO:0065007 biological regulation Any process that modulates a measurable attribute of any biological process, quality or function. GOC:dph GOC:isa_complete GOC:mah GOC:pr GOC:vw Any process that modulates a qualitative or quantitative trait of a biological quality. A biological quality is a measurable attribute of an organism or part of an organism, such as size, mass, shape, color, etc. https://github.com/geneontology/go-ontology/issues/30599 regulation of biological attribute regulation of biological characteristic biological_process GO:0065008 regulation of biological quality Any process that modulates a qualitative or quantitative trait of a biological quality. A biological quality is a measurable attribute of an organism or part of an organism, such as size, mass, shape, color, etc. GOC:dph GOC:isa_complete GOC:mah GOC:pr GOC:vw An infection that is clinically abnormal. Albert Goldfain Alexander Diehl Lindsay Cowell infectious disorder A part of an extended organism that itself has as part a population of one or more infectious agents and that (1) exists as a result of processes initiated by members of the infectious agent population and is (2) clinically abnormal in virtue of the presence of this infectious agent population, or (3) has a disposition to bring clinical abnormality to immunocompetent organisms of the same Species as the host (the organism corresponding to the extended organism) through transmission of a member or offspring of a member of the infectious agent population. Albert Goldfain Alexander Diehl Lindsay Cowell The organism corresponding to the extended organism is host to the infectious agents. By this definition, parts of the host can be considered part of the infection. infection planned process Injecting mice with a vaccine in order to test its efficacy A process that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification. Bjoern Peters branch derived planned process autoimmune disease Is a disease characterized by an immune response of an organism against parts of itself IEDB IEDB autoimmune disease disease A disposition (i) to undergo pathological processes that (ii) exists in an organism because of one or more disorders in that organism. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf disease A material entity which is clinically abnormal and part of an extended organism. Disorders are the physical basis of disease. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf disorder A disorder whose etiology involves an abnormality in the nucleotide sequence of an organism's genome. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf genetic disorder A process in which at least one bodily component of an organsim participates. Albert Goldfain http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/1/1/10 From OGMS: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000060 bodily process A bodily process that is clinically abnormal. Albert Goldfain http://ontology.buffalo.edu/medo/Disease_and_Diagnosis.pdf pathological bodily process A planned process with the objective to improve the health status of a patient that directly involves the treatment, diagnosis, or prevention of disease or injury of a patient Albert Goldfain Sagar Jain http://groups.google.com/group/ogms-discuss/browse_thread/thread/a2dbc2ed1dff99d6 health care process A temporally-connected health care process that has as participants an organization or person realizing the health care provider role and a person realizing the patient role. The health care provider role and patient are realized during the health care encounter Albert Goldfain http://groups.google.com/group/ogms-discuss/browse_thread/thread/a2dbc2ed1dff99d6 health care encounter A disorder that involves some structural damage that is immediately caused by a catastrophic external force. Albert Goldfain Sagar Jain http://groups.google.com/group/ogms-discuss/browse_thread/thread/ca0ad373f27774c5 OGMS call adoption- 16 SEPT 2015 https://docs.google.com/document/d/1iiV1-fTS7BUUSzDw3N_Afx42698YWf54-FOTY2NkAxo/edit injury A healthcare encounter that realizes a dental patient role in which the patient undergoes a diagnostic or therapeutic process. PERSON:Pedro Cott dental procedure A dental procedure in which either a whole tooth or a part of a tooth is replaced by dental restoration material in order to reestablish the tooth's anatomical and functional form and function. PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg PERSON:Pedro Cott tooth restoration procedure A disposition of the tooth that is realized in an experience of pain derived from exposed dentin. 2024-06-21T14:26:11Z dentin hypersensitivity A disposition of the tooth that is realized in an experience of pain derived from exposed dentin. PMID:24724135 A disorder that is part of a tooth. 2023-06-06T21:30:39Z tooth disorder A disease that is a characteristic of a mouth. 2025-01-17T19:58:44Z mouth disease A disorder that is part of a mouth. 2025-01-17T20:08:15Z mouth disorder A process that happens during a dental visit and involves the patient participating in the dental visit. 2025-03-28T12:51:33Z process during dental visit A disposition to decreased tolerance to sensory stimuli that triggers emotional or physical distress. 2025-06-05T14:17:34Z sensory hypersensitivity Sensory hypersensitivity involving a tooth. 2025-06-05T14:34:40Z dental sensory hypersensitivity Dental sensory hypersensitivity related a crack in the enamel of a tooth. 2025-06-05T14:40:56Z sensory hypersensitivity due to crack in enamel Dentin hypersensitivity related to exposed dentin on a tooth. 2025-06-05T14:53:38Z dentine hypersensitivity due to exposed dentine dentin hypersensitivity due to exposed dentin Dentin hypersensitivity related to wear or abrasion of a tooth resulting in exposed dentin. 2025-06-05T15:03:12Z dentin hypersensitivity due to tooth wear or abrasion Dentin hypersensitivity due to exposed dentin resulting from a tooth fracture. 2025-06-05T15:17:38Z dentin hypersensitivity due to a fracture resulting in exposed dentin Pulpitis that has not yet progressed to being permanent. PMID:32103673 reversible pulpitis Periodontitis due to injury occuring because of an operation. PMID:32103673 2025-06-19T18:48:48Z periodontitis due to operation A gingival disorder involving inflammation of the gingival tissue. PMID:32103673 2025-06-10T17:58:35Z gingivitis Gingivitis due to an infection. PMID:32103673 2025-06-10T18:08:21Z gingivitis due to infection A tooth disorder invovling the exposure of dental pulp. PMID:32103673 2025-06-23T19:47:27Z exposed dental pulp Gingivitis due to a bacterial infection. PMID:32103673 2025-06-10T18:30:06Z gingivitis due to bacterial infection An infectious disorder caused by viruses. 2025-06-10T18:41:27Z viral infection Gingivitis due to a viral infection. PMID:32103673 2025-06-10T18:44:24Z gingivitis due to viral infection An infectious disorder caused by fungi. 2025-06-10T19:01:22Z fungal infection Gingivitis due to a fungal infection. PMID:32103673 2025-06-10T19:02:08Z gingivitis due to fungal infection An inflammatory response causing inflammation in the oral mucosa. PMID:32103673 2025-06-10T19:39:13Z oral mucosal inflammation Oral mucosal inflammation occuring due to an infection within the oral mucosa. PMID:32103673 2025-06-10T19:44:06Z oral mucosal inflammation due to infection Oral mucosal inflammation occuring due to a bacterial infection within the oral mucosa. PMID:32103673 2025-06-10T19:51:14Z oral mucosal inflammation due to bacterial infection Oral mucosal inflammation occuring due to a viral infection within the oral mucosa. PMID:32103673 2025-06-10T19:57:38Z oral mucosal inflammation due to viral infection Oral mucosal inflammation occuring due to a viral infection within the oral mucosa. PMID:32103673 2025-06-10T20:03:18Z oral mucosal inflammation due to fungal infection Gingivitis caused by structural damage to the gingival tissue from an external force. PMID:32103673 2025-06-11T17:45:20Z gingivitis due to injury Oral mucosal inflammation caused by structural damage to the oral mucosa from an external force. PMID:32103673 2025-06-11T17:53:05Z oral mucosal inflammation due to injury An inflammatory response causing inflammation of the pulpal tissue. PMID:32103673 2025-06-11T18:15:26Z pulpitis Pulpitis that is permanent. PMID:32103673 2025-06-11T18:32:32Z irreversible pulpitis Reverisble pulpitis due to an infection within the dentin. PMID:32103673 2025-06-11T18:50:51Z reversible pulpitis due to dentin infection Irreverisble pulpitis due to an infection within the dentin. PMID:32103673 2025-06-11T18:57:00Z irreversible pulpitis due to dentin infection A periodontal disorder that results from inflammation of the periodontium. PMID:32103673 2025-06-11T19:03:19Z periodontitis Periodontitis caused by structural damage to the periodontium from an external force. PMID:32103673 2025-06-11T19:56:24Z periodontitis due to injury dentin hypersensitivity due to exposed dentin resulting from a developmental dental hard tissue defect. 2025-06-12T16:52:56Z dentin hypersensitivity due to developmental dental hard tissue defect Reversible pulpitis due dental caries that have not extended to the dental pulp. PMID:32103673 2025-06-12T18:12:50Z reversible pulpitis due to dental caries not extending to the pulp Reversible pulpitis dental hard-tissue fracture involving exposed dentin. PMID:32103673 2025-06-12T18:26:48Z reversible pulpitis due to dental hard tissue fracture with exposed dentin Periodontitis occuring around the apex of the affected tooth. PMID:32103673 2025-06-19T19:04:30Z apical periodontitis Apical periodontitis occuring because of a diagnosed endodontic disease. PMID:32103673 2025-06-19T19:09:00Z apical periodontitis due to endodontic disease PMID:32103673 2025-06-23T19:50:16Z Exposed dental pulp occuring because of some dental injury. exposed dental pulp due to dental injury An infectious disorder caused by bacteria. 2025-06-16T14:52:46Z bacterial infection Irreversible pulpitis occuring due to an infection within the dental pulp. PMID:32103673 2025-06-16T18:27:39Z irreversible pulpitis due to dental pulp infection A mouth disease occuring within the periodontium. 2025-06-16T18:34:32Z periodontal disease Periodontitis that invovles slowly progressing attachment loss, sometimes with periods of more rapid progression. PMID:32103673 2025-06-16T18:42:35Z chronic periodontitis Reversible pulpitits due to a tooth crack without evidence of missing tooth substances. PMID:32103673 2025-06-23T20:17:04Z reversible pulpitis due to tooth crack without evidence of missing tooth substance Periodontal disease resulting from aggressive periodontitis. 2025-06-17T18:38:52Z periodontal disease due to aggressive periodontitis Periodontal disease resulting from necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis. 2025-06-17T18:50:48Z periodontal disease due to necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis A mouth disorder that is part of the gingival tissue. 2025-06-18T17:06:36Z gingival disorder A mouth disorder that is part of the mucosa. 2025-06-18T17:16:52Z oral mucosal disorder A mouth disorder that is part of the periodontium. 2025-06-18T17:20:17Z periodontal disorder A tooth disorder resulting in a tooth making excessive contact with and opposing tooth, enroaching on the intercostal space. 2025-06-25T18:29:47Z hyperocclusion 2025-06-25T18:32:17Z hyperarticulation Hyperocclusion occuring after a dental restorative procedure. 2025-06-25T18:49:54Z hyperocclusion following dental restorative procedure Hyperarticulation occuring after a dental restoative procedure. 2025-06-25T18:50:29Z hyperarticulation following dental restorative procedure An injury occuring within the the tooth pulp, periodontium or gingivae. PMID:32103673 2025-06-25T18:59:05Z dental injury Irreversible pulpitis due to a dental hard tissue fracture without pulp exposure. PMID:32103673 2025-06-25T19:15:09Z irreversible pulpitis due to dental hard tissue fracture without pulp exposure Reversible pulpitis due to dentin infection occuring because of a tooth crack PMID:32103673 2025-06-25T19:22:26Z reversible pulpitis due to tooth crack Irreversible pulpitis due to dentin infection occuring becayse of a dental hard tissude fracture. PMID:32103673 2025-06-25T19:23:53Z irreversible pulpitis due to dental hard tissue fracture Reversible pulpitis due to dentin infection resulting from a dental hard tissue fracture. PMID:32103673 2025-06-25T19:26:50Z reversible pulpitis due to dental hard tissue fracture Reversible pulpitis due to dentin infection occuring because of dental caries. PMID:32103673 2025-06-25T19:34:08Z reversible pulpitis due to dental caries Irreversible pulpitis due to a dentin infection occuring because of a tooth crack. PMID:32103673 2025-06-25T19:38:43Z irreversible pulpitis due to tooth crack Irreversible pulpitits due to a tooth crack without evidence of missing tooth substances. PMID:32103673 2025-06-25T19:39:40Z irreversible pulpitis due to tooth crack without evidence of missing tooth substance Irreversible pulpitis due to dental pulp infection uccring because of a dental hard tissue fracture involving the exposure of dental pulp. PMID:32103673 2025-06-25T19:57:58Z irreversible pulpitis due to dental hard tissue fracture with pulp exposure A pathological bodily process that abnormally occurs when dentin is resorbed by osteoclastic activity. 2025-06-26T18:19:19Z external cervical root resorption process An infectious disorer occuring within the tooth pulp. PMID:32103673 2025-06-26T18:36:01Z endodontic infection An endodontic infection occuring within the root canal system of the affected tooth. PMID:32103673 2025-06-26T18:41:03Z intraradicular endodontic infection 2025-06-26T18:45:35Z extraradicular endodontic infection A hematological disorder caused by an infectious disorder. 2025-06-26T18:58:07Z The disorder might arise from an infection, but is not necessarily an infection. hematological disorder due to infectious disorder An infectious disorder occuring within the periodontium, characterized by a collection of pus. PMID:32103673 2025-06-26T19:07:48Z periodontal abscess A disorder characterized by the presence of malignant cells. 2025-06-26T19:20:29Z malignant lesion A disorder of the hematopoietic system. 2025-06-27T14:46:19Z haematological disorder hematological disorder A periodontal disorder resulting in inflammation surronding a dental implant. PMID:32103673 2025-06-30T17:03:00Z peri-implantitis Peri-implantitis resulting from an infectious disorder. PMID:32103673 2025-06-30T17:05:04Z infective peri-implantitis Irreversible pulpitis due to infection of the dental pulp because of deep dental caries in the affected tooth. PMID:32103673 2025-06-30T17:31:17Z irreversible pulpitis due to carious pulp exposure and dental pulp infection Oral mucosal inflammation due to an injury that is non-iatrogenic. PMID:32103673 2025-06-30T17:46:25Z oral mucosal inflammation due to non-iatrogenic injury Oral mucosal inflammation due to injury resulting from radiation or chemotherapy. PMID:32103673 2025-06-30T17:51:49Z oral mucosal inflammation due to radiation or chemotherapy A mouth disorder that is part of the salivary glands. 2025-06-30T18:02:18Z salivary gland disorder A salivary gland disorder occuring within the parotid glands. PMID:32103673 2025-06-30T18:03:40Z parotid disorder A parotid disorder involving inflammation of the parotid glands. PMID:32103673 2025-06-30T18:06:41Z parotitis Parotitis occuring in children ages 2-10 years old and occuring about eight times a year. PMID:32103673 2025-06-30T18:07:42Z recurrent juvenile parotitis A disorder characterized by a non-cancerous growth. 2025-06-30T18:19:03Z local benign lesion A malignant lesion that is confined to where the malignant cells began. 2025-06-30T18:25:59Z local malignancy A malignant lesion that has spread from where teh malignant cells first began. 2025-06-30T18:28:29Z remote malignancy A disorder in a tissue or organ that is marked by capillary dilatation, leukocytic infiltration, redness, heat, pain, swelling, and often loss of function, which is a response cellular injury or infection. ISBN:978-0-8153-4505-3 2025-07-14T15:26:18Z inflammation A disorder of a tendon caused by inflammation. 2025-07-07T18:48:59Z tendonitis A disorder of a muscle caused by inflammation. 2025-07-08T18:08:24Z myositis A disorder of a joint caused by inflammation. 2025-07-08T18:10:02Z inflammatory arthritis Arthritis that primarily affects the joints. 2025-07-08T18:11:28Z non-systemic inflammatory arthritis Arthritis that affects the joints and causes inflammation within the rest of the body. 2025-07-08T18:13:59Z systemic inflammatory arthritis A disease in which the cartilage around the joint is gradually worn away. 2025-07-08T18:18:25Z degenerative joint disease Pain that is experienced in the temporomandibular joint. temporomandibular joint pain (PAIN) 2026-03-17T13:10:32Z TMJ pain http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/PAIN_0010296 temporomandibular joint pain Pain that is experienced in the temporomandibular joint. PMID:32103673 Persistent background pain that occurs alongside paroxysmal pain attacks, characteristic of conditions such as trigeminal neuralgia. concomitant continuous pain (PAIN) 2026-04-08T16:42:44Z concomitant continuous pain Persistent background pain that occurs alongside paroxysmal pain attacks, characteristic of conditions such as trigeminal neuralgia. PMID:32791919 https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neurology/articles/10.3389/fneur.2023.1277654/full Nociceptive pain that originates from activation of nociceptors in somatic tissues, such as the skin, mucosa, muscles, bones, joints, tendons, ligaments, and fascia, as distinct from nociceptors in visceral organs. somatic pain (PAIN) 2026-04-08T18:15:23Z Superficial somatic pain, from skin and mucosa, is typically sharp and precisely localized at its source. Deep somatic pain, from muscle, bone, joint, and connective tissue, is typically aching, less precisely localized, and may be referred. somatic pain Nociceptive pain that originates from activation of nociceptors in somatic tissues, such as the skin, mucosa, muscles, bones, joints, tendons, ligaments, and fascia, as distinct from nociceptors in visceral organs. https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-somatic-pain-2564619 Pain due to a stimulus that does not normally provoke pain. allodynia (PAIN) 2026-07-01T15:38:59Z The stimulus leads to an unexpectedly painful response. This is a clinical term that does not imply a mechanism. Allodynia may be seen after different types of somatosensory stimuli applied to many different tissues. See entry in https://www.iasp-pain.org/resources/terminology. allodynia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012533 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C180616 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SYMP_0000840 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UPHENO_7000639 http://snomed.info/id/247404004 Pain due to a stimulus that does not normally provoke pain. https://www.iasp-pain.org/resources/terminology A sensitivity to somatosensory stimulus that normally provokes pain which characterizes the degreee of the response to the stimulus. sensitivity to normally painful stimulus (PAIN) 2026-07-01T23:13:11Z sensitivity to normally painful stimulus Increased pain from a stimulus that normally provokes pain. hyperalgesia (PAIN) 2026-07-01T23:22:01Z hyperalgesia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MP_0005407 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SYMP_0000836 http://snomed.info/id/55406008 Increased pain from a stimulus that normally provokes pain. https://www.iasp-pain.org/resources/terminology Diminished pain in response to a normally painful stimulus. hypoalgesia (PAIN) 2026-07-01T23:29:23Z hypoalgesia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MP_0003043 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SYMP_0000835 http://snomed.info/id/6810008 Diminished pain in response to a normally painful stimulus. https://www.iasp-pain.org/resources/terminology An abnormal sensory experience, whether spontaneous or evoked, that is not unpleasant. paresthesia (PAIN) 2026-07-01T23:48:57Z Paresthesia be used to describe an abnormal sensation that is not unpleasant while dysesthesia be used preferentially for an abnormal sensation that is considered to be unpleasant. The use of one term (paresthesia) to indicate spontaneous sensations and the other to refer to evoked sensations is not favored. There is a sense in which, since paresthesia refers to abnormal sensations in general, it might include dysesthesia, but the reverse is not true. Dysesthesia does not include all abnormal sensations, but only those that are unpleasant. See entry in https://www.iasp-pain.org/resources/terminology. paresthesia http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D010292 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0003401 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C28177 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SYMP_0000435 http://snomed.info/id/91019004 Pain occurring as sudden, brief, recurrent attacks. It is often severe in intensity. paroxysmal pain (PAIN) 2026-07-01T23:58:46Z paroxysmal pain http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0008179 http://snomed.info/id/699190008 http://www.orpha.net/ORDO/Orphanet_46348 Pain that is experienced in the pelvis. pelvic pain (PAIN) 2026-07-02T00:09:24Z pelvic pain http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D017699 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C40122 http://snomed.info/id/30473006 Pain that develops after a surgical procedure, occurring at or near the surgical site. postsurgical pain (PAIN) 2026-07-02T00:15:17Z postsurgical pain http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D010149 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C34887 http://snomed.info/id/213299007 A sensation quality that characterizes a sensation as involving compression, heaviness, or sustained force applied to a body region. pressure sensation quality (PAIN) 2026-07-02T00:18:59Z pressure sensation quality Pain that is experienced as a sensation of compression, heaviness, or sustained force. pressure pain (PAIN) 2026-07-02T00:22:19Z pressure pain Pain associated with temporomandibular disorders, affecting the masticatory muscles, the temporomandibular joint, or associated structures. temporomandibular disorder pain (PAIN) 2026-07-02T00:24:58Z temporomandibular disorder pain An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissue damage. pain (PAIN) 2024-06-13T18:46:52Z Six key notes and etymology: - Pain is always a personal experience that is influenced to varying degrees by biological, psychological, and social factors. - Pain and nociception are different phenomena. Pain cannot be inferred solely from activity in sensory neurons. - Through their life experiences, individuals learn the concept of pain. - A person’s report of an experience as pain should be respected. - Although pain usually serves an adaptive role, it may have adverse effects on function and social and psychological well-being. - Verbal description is only one of several behaviors to express pain; inability to communicate does not negate the possibility that a human or a nonhuman animal experiences pain. The "emotional" part of pain captures the affective (i.e., unpleasant) dimension of experiencing pain. pain - The Revised IASP definition of pain: concepts, challenges, and compromises. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7680716/ - Merskey H, Albe-Fessard DG, Bonica JJ, et al: Pain terms: A list with definitions and notes on usage. Recommended by the IASP Subcommittee on Taxonomy. Pain 1979; 6:249-252. http://www.iasp-pain.org/source/eforums. An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissue damage. https://www.iasp-pain.org/resources/terminology/ Pain without known cause or of spontaneous origin. idiopathic pain (PAIN) 2026-04-08T17:09:41Z idiopathic pain Pain without known cause or of spontaneous origin. PMID:41307755 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idiopathic_disease Acute transient pain that is severe and has an intensity that flares over baseline. episodic pain (PAIN) 2026-04-08T17:10:12Z breakthrough pain intermittent pain episodic pain Acute transient pain that is severe and has an intensity that flares over baseline. PMID:16675817 A prickling, pins-and-needles sensation quality, often with a fine, vibratory character. tingling sensation quality (PAIN) 2026-07-02T00:27:41Z tingling sensation quality Pain that persists or recurs for longer than 3 months, in which each incidence of pain is attributed to the same underlying condition. chronic pain (PAIN) https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9625-1899 2022-11-24T06:02:26Z In many cases, the pain is initially caused by tissue damage or disease. The continuation of the pain is often the result of pathological changes in the central nervous system. chronic pain Pain that persists or recurs for longer than 3 months, in which each incidence of pain is attributed to the same underlying condition. https://www.iasp-pain.org/advocacy/definitions-of-chronic-pain-syndromes/ Pain that arises from actual or threatened damage to non-neural tissue and is due to the activation of nociceptors. nociceptive pain (PAIN) 2024-06-13T18:47:03Z nociceptive pain The term is used to describe pain occurring with a normally functioning somatosensory nervous system to contrast with the abnormal function seen in neuropathic or nociplasitic pain. Pain that arises from actual or threatened damage to non-neural tissue and is due to the activation of nociceptors. https://www.iasp-pain.org/resources/terminology/ A process quality that is the characteristic of a sensory experience. sensation quality (PAIN) 2025-05-12T17:02:29Z sensation quality Pain that arises from altered nociception despite no clear evidence of actual or threatened tissue damage causing the activation of peripheral nociceptors or evidence for disease or lesion of the somatosensory system causing the pain. nociplastic pain (PAIN) 2024-06-13T18:47:11Z nociplastic pain Pain that arises from altered nociception despite no clear evidence of actual or threatened tissue damage causing the activation of peripheral nociceptors or evidence for disease or lesion of the somatosensory system causing the pain. https://www.iasp-pain.org/resources/terminology/ Pain caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory nervous system. neuropathic pain (PAIN) 2024-06-13T18:47:32Z neuropathic pain Neuropathic pain is a clinical description (and not a diagnosis) which requires a demonstrable lesion or a disease that satisfies established neurological diagnostic criteria. The term lesion is commonly used when diagnostic investigations (e.g. imaging, neurophysiology, biopsies, lab tests) reveal an abnormality or when there was obvious trauma. Somatosensory refers to information about the body per se including visceral organs, rather than information about the external world (e.g., vision, hearing, or olfaction). The presence of symptoms or signs (e.g., touch-evoked pain) alone does not justify the use of the term neuropathic. Some disease entities, such as trigeminal neuralgia, are currently defined by their clinical presentation rather than by objective diagnostic testing. Other diagnoses such as postherpetic neuralgia are normally based upon the history. It is common when investigating neuropathic pain that diagnostic testing may yield inconclusive or even inconsistent data. In such instances, clinical judgment is required to reduce the totality of findings in a patient into one putative diagnosis or concise group of diagnoses. Pain caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory nervous system. https://www.iasp-pain.org/resources/terminology/ damaged neural tissue (PAIN) 2024-06-13T20:45:30Z damaged neural tissue Pain caused by a lesion or disease of the central somatosensory nervous system. central nervous system neuropathic pain (PAIN) 2024-06-13T21:22:21Z central nervous system neuropathic pain Pain caused by a lesion or disease of the central somatosensory nervous system. https://www.iasp-pain.org/resources/terminology/ A sensation quality that characterizes a sensation as being persistent, deep, or nagging rather than a sharp or stabbing. dull sensation quality (PAIN) 2025-05-12T17:02:36Z dull sensation quality A sensation quality that characterizes a sensation as being persistent, deep, or nagging rather than a sharp or stabbing. https://www.healthline.com/health/dull-pain https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/dull Pain that is experienced throughout the body rather than in a specific area. generalized pain (PAIN) 2026-04-12T22:16:38Z widespread pain generalized pain http://snomed.info/id/82991003 Pain that is experienced as a prickling, pins-and-needles sensation. tingling pain (PAIN) 2026-07-02T00:28:59Z tingling pain http://snomed.info/id/786837007 Pain that is experienced in the wrist. wrist pain (PAIN) 2026-07-02T00:35:00Z wrist pain http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0030836 http://snomed.info/id/56608008 Pain that is experienced in the abdomen. abdominal pain (PAIN) 2026-07-01T01:25:36Z abdominal pain http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D015746 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0002027 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C26682 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OMIT_0016397 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SYMP_0000457 http://snomed.info/id/21522001 Pain caused by a lesion or disease of the peripheral somatosensory nervous system. peripheral nervous system neuropathic pain (PAIN) 2024-06-13T21:22:44Z peripheral nervous system neuropathic pain Pain caused by a lesion or disease of the peripheral somatosensory nervous system. https://www.iasp-pain.org/resources/terminology/ Pain of recent onset and probable limited duration, usually having an identifiable temporal and causal relationship to injury or disease. acute pain (PAIN) https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9625-1899 2022-11-24T06:02:26Z Acute pain is caused by injury, surgery, illness, trauma, or painful medical procedures and generally lasts from a few minutes to less than six months. Acute pain usually disappears whenever the underlying cause is treated or healed. acute pain Pain of recent onset and probable limited duration, usually having an identifiable temporal and causal relationship to injury or disease. https://www.iasp-pain.org/resources/topics/acute-pain/ Pain that is experienced in an area different from the area stimulated. referred pain (PAIN) 2024-06-13T21:22:52Z referred pain Pain that is experienced in an area different from the area stimulated. PMID:37448749 https://dictionary.apa.org/referred-sensation Pain that is experienced in an area where a limb no longer exists. phantom limb pain (PAIN) 2024-06-13T21:23:11Z phantom limb pain Pain that is confined or restricted to a particular anatomical area (or zone) of the body. localized pain (PAIN) 2024-06-13T21:27:59Z localized pain Pain that is confined or restricted to a particular anatomical area (or zone) of the body. PMID:18077092 https://ospinamedical.com/orthopedic-blog/localized-vs-radicular-pain-decoding-your-discomfort Knee pain resulting from knee osteoarthritis. knee osteoarthritis pain (PAIN) 2024-06-13T21:33:51Z knee osteoarthritis pain A rhythmic, pulsating, or beating sensation quality in which the intensity waxes and wanes in periodic bursts. throbbing sensation quality (PAIN) 2025-05-12T17:06:15Z throbbing sensation quality An intense, searing, or hot sensation quality. burning sensation quality (PAIN) 2025-05-12T17:06:31Z burning sensation quality Pain that is experienced in the lower back. lower back pain (PAIN) 2026-03-17T03:22:33Z lower back pain Pain that is experienced in the area proximal to an amputation site. stump pain (PAIN) 2025-04-28T16:45:26Z residual limb pain stump pain A sensation quality that characterizes a sensation as being intensely cold, typically accompanied by qualities of stillness, heaviness, numbness, and in extreme cases a paradoxical burning or painful character. freezing sensation quality (PAIN) 2025-05-12T17:06:51Z freezing sensation quality Pain that is experienced as a diffuse, sustained, low-to-moderate intensity, dull, deep, pressure-like sensation that lacks sharp localization. aching pain (PAIN) 2026-07-01T01:37:54Z aching pain http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C100856 http://snomed.info/id/27635008 A sudden, intense, and sharp sensation quality. shooting sensation quality (PAIN) 2025-05-12T17:07:06Z shooting sensation quality A piercing, stabbing, cutting, or prickling sensation quality. sharp sensation quality (PAIN) 2025-05-12T17:08:02Z sharp sensation quality A great or extreme sensation quality. intense sensation quality (PAIN) 2025-05-12T17:08:30Z intense sensation quality A great or extreme sensation quality. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/intense A diffuse, sustained, low-to-moderate intensity, dull, deep, pressure-like sensation quality that lacks sharp localization. aching sensation quality (PAIN) 2025-05-12T17:08:36Z aching sensation quality An intense, sudden, and sharp sensation, often described as a knife-like or shooting, sensation quality that pierces a specific area. stabbing sensation quality (PAIN) 2025-05-12T17:09:02Z stabbing sensation quality Pain experienced as an intense, sudden, and sharp sensation, often described as a knife-like or shooting pain that pierces a specific body area. stabbing pain (PAIN) 2025-05-12T17:09:33Z stabbing pain Pain that is experienced as piercing, stabbing, cutting, or prickling. sharp pain (PAIN) 2025-05-12T17:09:47Z sharp pain Pain that is experienced as a deep ache, pressure, or heaviness rather than a sharp, stabbing sensation. dull pain (PAIN) 2025-05-12T17:09:53Z dull pain Pain that is experienced as a deep ache, pressure, or heaviness rather than a sharp, stabbing sensation. https://www.healthline.com/health/dull-pain Pain that is experienced as an intense, searing, or hot sensation. burning pain (PAIN) 2025-05-12T17:10:00Z burning pain Pain that is experienced as a burning or aching sensation and is the result of cold stimuli. freezing pain (PAIN) 2025-05-12T17:10:18Z freezing pain Pain that is experienced as a sudden, intense, and sharp sensation that moves or radiates through the body, often from one point to another. shooting pain (PAIN) 2025-05-12T17:10:35Z shooting pain Pain that is experienced in a limb, such as an arm or leg. limb pain (PAIN) 2025-06-23T16:57:24Z limb pain Pain that is experienced in the finger. finger pain (PAIN) 2025-06-23T16:57:32Z finger pain Pain that is experienced in a lower limb. lower limb pain (PAIN) 2025-06-23T16:57:36Z lower limb pain Pain that is experienced in the main axis of the body. axial pain (PAIN) 2025-06-23T16:58:46Z axial pain Pain that is experienced in the back. back pain (PAIN) 2025-06-23T16:59:01Z back pain Pain that is experienced in the neck. neck pain (PAIN) 2025-06-23T16:59:08Z neck pain Pain that is experienced in an upper limb. upper limb pain (PAIN) 2025-06-23T16:59:31Z upper limb pain Pain that is experienced in the hand. hand pain (PAIN) 2025-06-23T17:01:00Z hand pain Pain that is experienced in the elbow. elbow pain (PAIN) 2025-06-23T17:01:20Z elbow pain Pain that is experienced in the shoulder. shoulder pain (PAIN) 2025-06-23T17:01:25Z shoulder pain Pain that is experienced in the foot. foot pain (PAIN) 2025-06-23T17:01:49Z foot pain Pain that is experienced in the toe. toe pain (PAIN) 2025-06-23T17:01:54Z toe pain Pain that is experienced in the head. head pain (PAIN) 2025-06-23T17:02:29Z head pain Pain that is experienced in the orofacial region, which includes the mouth and face. PMID:32103673 orofacial pain (PAIN) 2025-04-04T15:42:46Z 2025-04-04T15:42:46Z orofacial pain Pain that is experienced in the orofacial region, which includes the mouth and face. PMID:32103673 Pain that is experienced in the internal organs. visceral pain (PAIN) 2025-06-23T17:05:02Z visceral pain Pain that is experienced in the internal organs. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK12991/ PMID:26516492 Chronic pain that is diffuse and experienced in body regions and in at least 3 or more body quadrants (as defined by upper-lower/left-right side of the body) and axial skeleton (neck, back, chest, and abdomen). chronic widespread pain (PAIN) 2025-06-23T17:11:58Z Chronic widespread pain (CWP) is associated with significant emotional distress (anxiety, anger/frustration or depressed mood) or functional disability (interference in daily life activities and reduced participation in social roles). CWP is multifactorial: biological, psychological and social factors contribute to the pain syndrome. The diagnosis is appropriate when the pain is not directly attributable to a nociceptive process in these regions and there are features consistent with nociplastic pain and identified psychological and social contributors. chronic widespread pain Additional criteria to consider: - Include quantrants/regions of body in the definition. - E.g., >= 3 quadrants & axial - >= 4 body regions - Use the notion of functional region instead of regions divided by joints. define as chronic & multi-localized. Chronic pain that is diffuse and experienced in body regions and in at least 3 or more body quadrants (as defined by upper-lower/left-right side of the body) and axial skeleton (neck, back, chest, and abdomen). PMID:39445928 https://www.findacode.com/icd-11/code-849253504.html Chronic widespread pain (CWP) is associated with significant emotional distress (anxiety, anger/frustration or depressed mood) or functional disability (interference in daily life activities and reduced participation in social roles). CWP is multifactorial: biological, psychological and social factors contribute to the pain syndrome. The diagnosis is appropriate when the pain is not directly attributable to a nociceptive process in these regions and there are features consistent with nociplastic pain and identified psychological and social contributors. https://www.findacode.com/icd-11/code-849253504.html Pain that is experienced in the upper back. upper back pain (PAIN) 2026-03-17T03:22:41Z upper back pain Pain that is experienced in the knee. knee pain (PAIN) 2026-03-17T03:25:24Z knee pain A transient flare of pain that occurs in a person with otherwise controlled background pain. breakthrough pain (PAIN) 2026-07-01T16:04:35Z breakthrough pain http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D059390 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0032149 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SCDO_0000162 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SYMP_0000838 http://snomed.info/id/879969009 Pain that caused by the effects of cancer (e.g., neoplasm growth, tissue invasion, metastases), the diagnosis of cancer, or the treatment of cancer. cancer pain (PAIN) 2026-07-01T16:09:05Z cancer-associated pain cancer pain http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D000072716 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C178565 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SCDO_1000452 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0801084 Pain that is experienced in the chest. chest pain (PAIN) 2026-07-01T16:31:16Z chest pain http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D002637 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0100749 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C38665 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OMIT_0003962 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SYMP_0000576 http://snomed.info/id/29857009 Chronic pain that is experienced in the lower back. chronic low back pain (PAIN) 2026-07-01T16:38:17Z chronic low back pain http://snomed.info/id/278860009 A sensation quality that characterizes a sensation as being cooler than the surrounding environment or stimulus. cold sensation quality (PAIN) 2026-07-01T16:47:04Z cold sensation quality http://snomed.info/id/84162001 Pain that is experienced as a result of cold stimuli at intensities below the freezing threshold. cold pain (PAIN) 2026-07-01T16:57:37Z cold pain Pain that is persistently present without pain-free intervals. continuous pain (PAIN) 2026-07-01T17:07:58Z concomitant continuous pain continuous pain http://snomed.info/id/426206001 A constricting, gripping, or squeezing sensation quality. It is often associated with involuntary muscle contraction. cramping sensation quality (PAIN) 2026-07-01T17:36:26Z cramping sensation quality http://snomed.info/id/410709000 Pain that is experienced as a constricting, gripping, or squeezing sensation. It is often associated with involuntary muscle contraction. cramping pain (PAIN) 2026-07-01T17:39:15Z cramping pain http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C101173 http://snomed.info/id/279093005 An unpleasant abnormal sensory experience, whether spontaneous or evoked. dysesthesia (PAIN) 2026-07-01T17:55:31Z An unpleasant abnormal sensation, whether spontaneous or evoked. Note: Compare with pain and with paresthesia. Special cases of dysesthesia include hyperalgesia and allodynia. A dysesthesia should always be unpleasant and a paresthesia should not be unpleasant, although it is recognized that the borderline may present some difficulties when it comes to deciding as to whether a sensation is pleasant or unpleasant. It should always be specified whether the sensations are spontaneous or evoked. See entry in https://www.iasp-pain.org/resources/terminology. dysesthesia http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C28246 http://snomed.info/id/279079003 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0012534 An unpleasant abnormal sensory experience, whether spontaneous or evoked. https://www.iasp-pain.org/resources/terminology A sudden, brief, shock-like sensation quality resembling an electric current. electric sensation quality (PAIN) 2026-07-01T19:11:49Z electric sensation quality Pain that is experienced as a sudden, brief, shock-like sensation resembling an electric current. electric pain (PAIN) 2026-07-01T19:13:35Z electric pain http://snomed.info/id/723316007 Chronic widespread pain associated with fibromyalgia, typically accompanied by fatigue, sleep disturbance, and somatic and cognitive symptoms. fibromyalgia pain (PAIN) 2026-07-01T19:16:27Z fibromyalgia pain Musculoskeletal pain that arises from muscle and surrounding fascia, often associated with the presence of trigger points. myofascial pain (PAIN) 2026-07-01T19:36:55Z myofascial pain http://snomed.info/id/279062009 Somatic pain that originates in the musculoskeletal system. musculoskeletal pain (PAIN) 2026-07-01T19:47:10Z musculoskeletal pain http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C3244 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OMIT_0027581 http://snomed.info/id/279069000 Orofacial pain that is experienced in the face. facial pain (PAIN) 2026-07-01T20:00:46Z facial pain http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C79594 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OMIT_0006381 http://snomed.info/id/95668009 http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/EFO_0009625 Pain that is experienced in the hip. hip pain (PAIN) 2026-07-01T20:20:30Z hip pain Nociceptive pain that arises from the activation and sensitization of nociceptors by inflammatory mediators released in response to tissue injury or disease. inflammatory pain (PAIN) 2026-07-01T20:25:50Z inflammatory pain http://snomed.info/id/65761003 Orofacial pain that is experienced in the jaw. jaw pain (PAIN) 2026-07-01T20:49:02Z jaw pain A sensitivity to normally painful stimulus that characterizes the pain as being lower than normal or average. decreased sensitivity to normally painful stimulus (PAIN) 2026-07-01T22:48:40Z decreased sensitivity to normally painful stimulus A sensitivity to normally painful stimulus that characterizes pain as being higher than normal or average. increased sensitivity to normally painful stimulus (PAIN) 2026-07-01T22:49:50Z increased sensitivity to normally painful stimulus Orofacial neuropathic pain originating from one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve. trigeminal neuralgia pain (PAIN) 2026-07-02T00:42:45Z Trigeminal neuralgia pain typically presents as paroxysmal, electric shock-like attacks and sometimes accompanied by concomitant continuous pain. trigeminal neuralgia pain http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D014277 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0100661 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0008599 http://snomed.info/id/31681005 Pain in which nociceptive and neuropathic mechanisms coexist and contribute to the pain experience. mixed pain (PAIN) 2026-07-02T01:37:49Z mixed pain Pain that is provoked or worsened by mechanical loading, movement, or postural change. mechanical pain (PAIN) 2026-07-02T01:40:44Z mechanical pain http://snomed.info/id/9626006 Mechanical pain that is elicited or intensified by active or passive movement of the affected body region. movement-evoked pain (PAIN) 2026-07-02T01:44:08Z movement-evoked pain http://snomed.info/id/425423002 Pain resulting from osteoarthritis, a degenerative joint disease characterized by cartilage loss, subchondral bone changes, and joint inflammation. osteoarthritis pain (PAIN) 2026-07-02T01:48:41Z osteoarthritis pain Pain that is experienced as a rhythmic, pulsating, or beating sensation in which the pain's intensity waxes and wanes in periodic bursts. Throbbing pain is typically synchronized with the cardiac cycle. throbbing pain (PAIN) 2026-04-08T19:58:42Z throbbing pain Chronic pain that frequently limits life or work activities. chronic high impact (PAIN) 2026-05-01T20:50:40Z chronic high impact pain Chronic pain that frequently limits life or work activities. https://www.iasp-pain.org/resources/fact-sheets/high-impact-chronic-pain/ A characteristic of an entity whose causal origin has not been identified. It usually characterizes diseases whose etiology are obscure. 2026-09-10T23:52:19Z idiopathic A characteristic of an entity whose causal origin has not been identified. It usually characterizes diseases whose etiology are obscure. https://dictionary.apa.org/idiopathic Pain that is characterized by its temporal features, such as its duration, its frequency of occurrence, or its pattern of occurrence over time. temporally specified pain (PAIN) 2026-09-14T16:26:40Z temporally specified pain Pain that is characterized by the qualitative sensory character with which it is experienced. sensorily specified pain (PAIN) 2026-09-14T16:27:03Z sensorily specified pain Pain that is characterized by its spatial features, such as the location at which it is experienced, its spatial extent, or the spatial relation between where it is experienced and where it originates. spatially specified pain (PAIN) 2026-09-14T16:27:16Z spatially specified pain Pain that is characterized by the neurobiological mechanism by which it arises, such as activation of nociceptors, damaged neural tissue, a lesion or disease of the nervous system, or altered nociceptive processing. neurobiological pain process (PAIN) 2026-09-14T16:27:45Z neurobiological pain process A sensitivity of a process that characterizes the degree to which the process responds to a somatosensory stimulus. sensitivity to somatosensory stimulus (PAIN) 2026-09-28T22:39:24Z A somatosensory stimulus is a stimulus that is detected by receptors of the somatosensory nervous system and conveys information about the body itself. This includes mechanical stimuli (touch, pressure, vibration, stretch), thermal stimuli (warmth, cold), noxious stimuli (mechanical, thermal, or chemical), proprioceptive stimuli (joint position, muscle length and tension), and visceral stimuli (such as organ distension or chemical stimulation of visceral tissue). It excludes stimuli of the special senses: vision, hearing, olfaction, taste, and vestibular sensation. sensitivity to somatosensory stimulus A sensitivity to somatosensory stimulus that characterizes the degree to which the process responds as being higher than normal or average. increased sensitivity to somatosensory stimulus (PAIN) 2026-09-28T22:52:34Z increased sensitivity to somatosensory stimulus A sensitivity to somatosensory stimulus that characterizes the degree to which the process responds as being lower than normal or average. decreased sensitivity to somatosensory stimulus (PAIN) 2026-09-28T22:53:08Z decreased sensitivity to somatosensory stimulus An increased sensitivity to somatosensory stimulus that characterizes a normally non-painful stimulus as provoking pain. pain response to normally non-painful stimulus (PAIN) 2026-09-29T02:22:59Z This quality underlies allodynia, which the IASP defines as pain due to a stimulus that does not normally provoke pain. Unlike increased sensitivity to normally painful stimulus (hyperalgesia), the stimulus mode and the response mode differ: a normally non-painful modality, such as light touch or mild warmth, evokes pain. That change of modality is why the term is not labeled as an "increased sensitivity to" term. pain response to normally non-painful stimulus Pain that is experienced in the ankle. ankle pain (PAIN) 2026-07-01T15:55:25Z ankle pain http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/HP_0030840 http://snomed.info/id/247373008 Orofacial pain caused by lesions or disorders affecting one or more teeth or their immediately surrounding and supporting structures: the tooth pulp, periodontium and gingivae. 2025-04-04T15:48:49Z ICOP term 1.1 dental pain Orofacial pain caused by lesions or disorders affecting one or more teeth or their immediately surrounding and supporting structures: the tooth pulp, periodontium and gingivae. PMID:32103673 Dental pain caused by a lesion or disorder involving the tooth pulp. 2025-04-04T15:57:09Z ICOP term 1.1.1 pulpal pain Dental pain caused by a lesion or disorder involving the tooth pulp. PMID:32103673 Orofacial pain involving the masticatory muscles. 2025-04-08T14:15:24Z ICOP term: 2. myofascial orofacial pain Orofacial pain involving the masticatory muscles. PMID:32103673 Dental pain caused by a lesion or disorder involving the periodontium. 2025-04-08T14:31:12Z periodontal pain due to local non-inflammatory cause ICOP term: 1.1.2 periodontal pain Dental pain caused by a lesion or disorder involving the periodontium. PMID:32103673 Dental pain caused by a lesion or disorder involving the gingival tissues. 2025-04-08T14:34:14Z ICOP term: 1.1.3 http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0001828 gingival pain Dental pain caused by a lesion or disorder involving the gingival tissues. PMID:32103673 Dental pain due to a lesion or disorder involving the jaw bone tissue. 2025-04-08T14:38:30Z mandible pain maxilla pain ICOP term: 1.2.3 jaw bone pain Dental pain due to a lesion or disorder involving the jaw bone tissue. PMID:32103673 Pulpal pain due to hypersensitivity occurring in clinically normal pulp. 2025-06-05T14:10:57Z ICOP term: 1.1.1.1 pulpal pain due to hypersensitivity Pulpal pain due to hypersensitivity occurring in clinically normal pulp. PMID:32103673 Pulpal pain due to hypersensitivity resulting from a crack or incomplete fracture of the affected tooth, involving the enamel with at least one of the following: sharp pain upon biting, pain on release of occlusal biting pressure or external application of force, or cold hypersensitivity. 2025-06-05T14:48:49Z ICOP term: 1.1.1.1.1 pulpal pain due to crack in enamel Pulpal pain due to hypersensitivity resulting from a crack or incomplete fracture of the affected tooth, involving the enamel with at least one of the following: sharp pain upon biting, pain on release of occlusal biting pressure or external application of force, or cold hypersensitivity. PMID:32103673 Pulpal pain due to hypersensistivity resulting from an exposed dentin surface. 2025-06-05T14:57:43Z ICOP term: 1.1.1.1.2 pulpal pain due to exposed dentin Pulpal pain due to hypersensistivity resulting from an exposed dentin surface. PMID:32103673 Pulpal pain due to exposed dentin resulting from wear or abrasion on the affected tooth. 2025-06-05T15:06:33Z ICOP term: 1.1.1.1.2.1 pulpal pain due to tooth wear or abrasion Pulpal pain due to exposed dentin resulting from wear or abrasion on the affected tooth. PMID:32103673 Pulpal pain due to exposed dentin resulting from a fracture of the affected tooth involving the enamel, root cementum, dentin, or any combination thereof. 2025-06-05T15:21:45Z ICOP term: 1.1.1.1.2.2 pulpal pain due to a fracture resulting in exposed dentin Pulpal pain due to exposed dentin resulting from a fracture of the affected tooth involving the enamel, root cementum, dentin, or any combination thereof. PMID:32103673 Pain due to a disease or disorder involving the oral mucosa. 2025-06-06T20:08:07Z ICOP number: 1.2.1 oral mucosal pain Pain due to a disease or disorder involving the oral mucosa. PMID:32103673 Pain due to a lesion or disorder involving the salivary glands. 2025-06-06T20:10:46Z salivary gland pain due to other cause ICOP number: 1.2.2 related ICOP number: 1.2.2.5 salivary gland pain Pain due to a lesion or disorder involving the salivary glands. PMID:32103673 Gingival pain that occurs as result of gingivitis. 2025-06-10T17:57:43Z gingival pain due to gingival inflammation resulting from another cause ICOP number: 1.1.3.1 gingival pain due to gingivitis Gingival pain that occurs as result of gingivitis. PMID:32103673 Gingival pain due to gingivitis due to an infection of the gingival tissue. 2025-06-10T18:15:01Z ICOP number: 1.1.3.1.2 gingival pain due to infection Gingival pain due to gingivitis due to an infection of the gingival tissue. PMID:32103673 Gingival pain due to infection resulting form bacteria. 2025-06-10T18:37:15Z ICOP number: 1.1.3.1.2.1 gingival pain due to bacterial infection Gingival pain due to infection resulting form bacteria. PMID:32103673 Gingival pain due to infection resulting from a virus. 2025-06-10T18:45:56Z ICOP number: 1.1.3.1.2.2 gingival pain due to viral infection Gingival pain due to infection resulting from a virus. PMID:32103673 Gingival pain due to infection resulting from a fungus. 2025-06-10T19:03:53Z ICOP number: 1.1.3.1.2.3 gingival pain due to fungal infection Gingival pain due to infection resulting from a fungus. PMID:32103673 Salivary gland pain due to infection of the salivary glands. 2025-06-10T19:25:03Z ICOP number: 1.2.2.2 salivary gland pain due to infection Salivary gland pain due to infection of the salivary glands. PMID:32103673 Salivary gland pain due to bacterial infection. 2025-06-10T19:27:44Z ICOP number: 1.2.2.2.1 salivary gland pain due to bacterial infection Salivary gland pain due to bacterial infection. PMID:32103673 Salivary gland pain that occurs as a result of a viral infection. 2025-06-10T19:29:37Z ICOP number: 1.2.2.2.2 salivary gland pain due to viral infection Salivary gland pain that occurs as a result of a viral infection. PMID:32103673 Oral mucosal pain due to oral mucosal inflammation resulting from an infection of the oral mucosa. 2025-06-10T19:33:29Z ICOP term: 1.2.1.1.2 oral mucosal pain due to infection Oral mucosal pain due to oral mucosal inflammation resulting from an infection of the oral mucosa. PMID:32103673 Oral mucosa pain due to inflamation of the oral mucosa, with pain that has developed in close temporal relation to the inflammation. 2025-06-10T19:36:10Z oral mucosal pain due to oral mucosal inflammation due to other cause ICOP number: 1.2.1.1 oral mucosal pain due to oral mucosal inflammation Oral mucosa pain due to inflamation of the oral mucosa, with pain that has developed in close temporal relation to the inflammation. PMID:32103673 Oral mucosal pain due to bacterial infection. 2025-06-10T19:54:47Z ICOP number: 1.2.1.1.2.1 oral mucosal pain due to bacterial infection Oral mucosal pain due to bacterial infection. PMID:32103673 Oral mucosal pain due to viral infection. 2025-06-10T19:59:20Z ICOP term: 1.2.1.1.2.2 oral mucosal pain due to viral infection Oral mucosal pain due to viral infection. PMID:32103673 Oral mucosal pain due to fungal infection. 2025-06-10T20:04:32Z ICOP number: 1.2.1.1.2.3 oral mucosal pain due to fungal infection Oral mucosal pain due to fungal infection. PMID:32103673 Jaw bone pain due to an infection of the jaw bone. 2025-06-11T17:28:40Z ICOP number: 1.2.3.2 jaw bone pain due to infection Jaw bone pain due to an infection of the jaw bone. PMID:32103673 Jaw bone pain due to a bacterial infection in the jaw bone. 2025-06-11T17:30:16Z ICOP number: 1.2.3.2.1 jaw bone pain due to bacterial infection Jaw bone pain due to a bacterial infection in the jaw bone. PMID:32103673 Jaw bone pain due to a viral infection in the jaw bone. 2025-06-11T17:31:51Z ICOP number: 1.2.3.2.2 jaw bone pain due to viral infection Jaw bone pain due to a viral infection in the jaw bone. PMID:32103673 Jaw bone pain due to a fungal infection in the jaw bone. 2025-06-11T17:33:07Z ICOP number: 1.2.3.2.3 jaw bone pain due to fungal infection jaw bone pain due to fungal infection PMID:32103673 Gingival pain due to gingivitis due to resulting from trauma or injury with pain localizaed to the traumatized tissue that develops within minutes or days after the trauma. 2025-06-11T17:49:38Z ICOP number: 1.1.3.1.1 gingival pain due to injury Gingival pain due to gingivitis due to resulting from trauma or injury with pain localizaed to the traumatized tissue that develops within minutes or days after the trauma. PMID:32103673 Oral mucosal pain due to oral mucose inflammation resulting from tauma to the oral mucosa tissue with pain that is localized to the traumatized tissue and developed within minutes to days after the trauma. 2025-06-11T17:54:47Z ICOP number: 1.2.1.1.1 oral mucosal pain due to injury Oral mucosal pain due to oral mucose inflammation resulting from tauma to the oral mucosa tissue with pain that is localized to the traumatized tissue and developed within minutes to days after the trauma. PMID:32103673 Jaw bone pain due to trauma or injury involving the jaw bone. 2025-06-11T17:57:52Z ICOP number: 1.2.3.1 jaw bone pain due to injury Jaw bone pain due to trauma or injury involving the jaw bone. PMID:32103673 Orofacial pain attributed to lesion or disease of the trigeminal nerve. 2025-06-11T18:05:48Z ICOP numuber: 4.1 pain due to lesion or disease of the trigeminal nerve Orofacial pain attributed to lesion or disease of the trigeminal nerve. PMID:32103673 Pulpal pain due to diagnosed pulpitis in affected tooth. 2025-06-11T18:17:44Z pulpal pain due to pulpitis resulting from another cause ICOP number: 1.1.1.3 pulpal pain due to pulpitis Pulpal pain due to diagnosed pulpitis in affected tooth. PMID:32103673 Pulpal pain due to pulpitis that is reversible due to an infection in the dentin. 2025-06-11T18:54:11Z ICOP number: 1.1.1.3.1 pulpal pain due to reversible pulpitis resulting from a dentin infection Pulpal pain due to pulpitis that is reversible due to an infection in the dentin. PMID:32103673 Pulpal pain attributed to pulpitis that is reversible due to an infection in the dentin. 2025-06-11T18:59:55Z ICOP number: 1.1.1.3.2 pulpal pain due to irreversible pulpitis resulting from a dentin infection Pulpal pain attributed to pulpitis that is reversible due to an infection in the dentin. PMID:32103673 Periodontal pain due to periodontal inflammation 2025-06-11T19:06:58Z ICOP number: 1.1.2.1 periodontal pain due to periodontitis Periodontal pain due to periodontal inflammation PMID:32103673 Periodontal pain attributed to periodontitis because of trauma or injury that has occured to the periodontal tissue. 2025-06-11T19:58:44Z periodontal pain due to other trauma or injury ICOP number: 1.1.2.1.1 periodontal pain due to injury-induced periodontitis Periodontal pain attributed to periodontitis because of trauma or injury that has occured to the periodontal tissue. PMID:32103673 Pulpal pain due to a developmental defect of the affected tooth involving the enamel, root cementum, or dentin. 2025-06-12T16:56:25Z ICOP number: 1.1.1.1.2.3 pulpal pain due to developmental dental hard tissue defect Pulpal pain due to a developmental defect of the affected tooth involving the enamel, root cementum, or dentin. PMID:32103673 Pulpal pain due to hypersensitivity resulting from a recent dental procedure to the affected tooth. 2025-06-12T17:30:59Z ICOP number: 1.1.1.1.3 pulpal pain due to dental procedure Pulpal pain due to hypersensitivity resulting from a recent dental procedure to the affected tooth. PMID:32103673 Pulpal pain cuased by reversible pulpitis due to an infection of the dentin with no clinical or radiographic evidence of extension to the pulp. 2025-06-12T18:16:30Z ICOP number: 1.1.1.3.1.1 pulpal pain due to reversible pulpitis resulting from caries not extending to the pulp Pulpal pain cuased by reversible pulpitis due to an infection of the dentin with no clinical or radiographic evidence of extension to the pulp. PMID:32103673 Pulpal pain caused by reversible pulpitis due to infection of the dentin with clinical and/or radiographic evidence of a fracture of the following in the affected tooth, with exposure of dentin: enamel alone, enamel and dentin, root cementum alone, root cementum and dentin, enamel, or root cementum and dentin. 2025-06-12T18:39:15Z ICOP number: 1.1.1.3.1.2 pulpal pain due to reversible pulpitis resulting from dental hard-tissue defect with exposed dentin Pulpal pain caused by reversible pulpitis due to infection of the dentin with clinical and/or radiographic evidence of a fracture of the following in the affected tooth, with exposure of dentin: enamel alone, enamel and dentin, root cementum alone, root cementum and dentin, enamel, or root cementum and dentin. PMID:32103673 Pulpal pain attributed to irreversible pulpitis due to infection of dentin because of deep caries in the affected tooth. 2025-06-12T19:15:53Z ICOP number: 1.1.1.3.2.1 pulpal due to irreversible pulpitis resulting from caries extending to the pulp Pulpal pain attributed to irreversible pulpitis due to infection of dentin because of deep caries in the affected tooth. PMID:32103673 Periodontal pain due to traumatically induced periodontal inflammation which has been caused by surgical intervention. 2025-06-19T18:52:23Z ICOP number: 1.1.2.1.1.2 postoperative periodontal pain Periodontal pain due to traumatically induced periodontal inflammation which has been caused by surgical intervention. PMID:32103673 Periodontal pain due to periodontits that is apical occuring becayse of an endodontic disease. 2025-06-19T19:11:03Z ICOP number: 1.1.2.1.2 periodontal pain due to apical periodontitis resulting from endodontic disease Periodontal pain due to periodontits that is apical occuring becayse of an endodontic disease. PMID:32103673 Pulpal pain due to dental trauma that has exposes vital pulp tissue in the affected tooth because of any of the following: fracture involving enamel, dentin and pulp (complicated crown fracture), fracture involving root cementum, dentin and pulp (complicated root fracture), and fracture involving enamel, root cementum, dentin and pulp (complicated crown-root fracture) and occurs within minutes to hours after the trauma. 2025-06-23T19:54:50Z ICOP number: 1.1.1.2 pulpal pain due to pulp exposure resulting from dental trauma Pulpal pain due to dental trauma that has exposes vital pulp tissue in the affected tooth because of any of the following: fracture involving enamel, dentin and pulp (complicated crown fracture), fracture involving root cementum, dentin and pulp (complicated root fracture), and fracture involving enamel, root cementum, dentin and pulp (complicated crown-root fracture) and occurs within minutes to hours after the trauma. PMID:32103673 Pulpal pain due to irreversible pulpitis caused by an infection in the pulp of the affected tooth. 2025-06-16T18:30:41Z ICOP number: 1.1.1.3.3 pulpal pain due to irreversible pulpitis resulting from an infection of the dental pulp Pulpal pain due to irreversible pulpitis caused by an infection in the pulp of the affected tooth. PMID:32103673 Periodontal pain due to periodontitis resulting from a periodontal disease that has been diagnosed. 2025-06-16T18:38:33Z ICOP number: 1.1.2.1.3 periodontal pain due to periodontal disease Periodontal pain due to periodontitis resulting from a periodontal disease that has been diagnosed. PMID:32103673 Periodontal pain due to periodontal disease resulting from chronic periodontitis. Chronic periodontitis is characterized by slowly progressing attachment loss, sometimes with periods of more rapid progression. 2025-06-16T18:46:46Z ICOP number: 1.1.2.1.3.1 periodontal pain due to chronic periodontitis Periodontal pain due to periodontal disease resulting from chronic periodontitis. Chronic periodontitis is characterized by slowly progressing attachment loss, sometimes with periods of more rapid progression. PMID:32103673 Pulpal pain due to a dental procedure involving a recent placement of a direct or indirect dental restoration in the affected tooth. 2025-06-17T18:03:25Z ICOP number: 1.1.1.1.3.2 pulpal pain due to placement of a restoration Pulpal pain due to a dental procedure involving a recent placement of a direct or indirect dental restoration in the affected tooth. PMID:32103673 Pulpal pain caused by reversible pulpitis due to infection of dentin because of a crack or incomplete fracture of the affected tooth, involving the enamel or enamel and dentin. Has evidence of at least one of the following: sharp pain upon biting, pain on release of occlusal biting pressure or external application of force, and cold hypersensitivity. 2025-06-23T20:21:16Z ICOP number: 1.1.1.3.1.3 pulpal pain due to reversible pulpitis resulting from tooth crack without evidence of missing tooth substance. Pulpal pain caused by reversible pulpitis due to infection of dentin because of a crack or incomplete fracture of the affected tooth, involving the enamel or enamel and dentin. Has evidence of at least one of the following: sharp pain upon biting, pain on release of occlusal biting pressure or external application of force, and cold hypersensitivity. PMID:32103673 Periodontal pain due to periodontal disease resulitng from aggressive periodontitis. 2025-06-17T18:40:51Z ICOP number: 1.1.2.1.3.2 periodontal pain due to aggressive periodontitis Periodontal pain due to periodontal disease resulitng from aggressive periodontitis. PMID:32103673 Periodontal pain due to periodontal disease resulting from necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis, with the development of pain within hours to days of onset of the ulcerations. 2025-06-17T18:55:03Z ICOP term: 1.1.2.1.3.4 periodontal pain due to necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis Periodontal pain due to periodontal disease resulting from necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis, with the development of pain within hours to days of onset of the ulcerations. PMID:32103673 Temporomandibular pain localized to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), occurring at rest or during jaw movement or palpation, with no known causative disorder. The diagnosis corresponds fully to the DC/TMD diagnosis temporomandibular joint pain. 2025-06-18T17:28:17Z ICOP number: 3.1 primary temporomandibular joint pain Temporomandibular pain localized to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), occurring at rest or during jaw movement or palpation, with no known causative disorder. The diagnosis corresponds fully to the DC/TMD diagnosis temporomandibular joint pain. PMID:32103673 Primary temporomandibular joint pain with onset within the last 3 months. 2025-06-18T17:29:46Z ICOP number: 3.1.1 acute primary temporomandibular joint pain Primary temporomandibular joint pain with onset within the last 3 months. PMID:32103673 Primary temporomandibular pain with onset more than 3 months. 2025-06-18T17:31:29Z ICOP number: 3.1.2 chronic primary temporomandibular joint pain Primary temporomandibular pain with onset more than 3 months. PMID:32103673 Chronic primary temporomandibular joint pain occuring less than one day a month. 2025-06-18T17:34:26Z ICOP number: 3.1.2.1 chronic infrequent primary temporomandibular joint pain Chronic primary temporomandibular joint pain occuring less than one day a month. PMID:32103673 Chronic primary temporomandibular joint pain occuring one to 14 days a month for an avergae of more than 3 months. 2025-06-18T17:35:41Z ICOP number: 3.1.2.2 chronic frequent primary temporomandibular joint pain Chronic primary temporomandibular joint pain occuring one to 14 days a month for an avergae of more than 3 months. PMID:32103673 Chronic frequent primary temporomandibular joint pain with temporomandibular joint palpation pain localizaed to the immediate site of palpatation. 2025-06-18T17:38:56Z ICOP number: 3.1.2.2.1 chronic frequent primary temporomandibular joint pain without pain referral Chronic frequent primary temporomandibular joint pain with temporomandibular joint palpation pain localizaed to the immediate site of palpatation. PMID:32103673 Chronic frequent primary temporomandibular joint pain with TMJ palpatation beyond the area of the joint. 2025-06-18T17:39:52Z ICOP number: 3.1.2.2.2 chronic frequent primary temporomandibular joint pain with pain referral Chronic frequent primary temporomandibular joint pain with TMJ palpatation beyond the area of the joint. PMID:32103673 Chronic frequent primary temporomandibular joint pain occuring on more than 15 days a month on average for more than 3 months. 2025-06-18T17:41:31Z ICOP number: 3.1.2.3 chronic highly frequent primary temporomandibular joint pain Chronic frequent primary temporomandibular joint pain occuring on more than 15 days a month on average for more than 3 months. PMID:32103673 Chronic highly frequent primary temporomandibular joint pain on temporomandibular joint palpation localized to the immediate site of palpation. 2025-06-18T17:42:50Z ICOP number: 3.1.2.3.1 chronic highly frequent primary temporomandibular joint pain without pain referral Chronic highly frequent primary temporomandibular joint pain on temporomandibular joint palpation localized to the immediate site of palpation. PMID:32103673 Chronic highly frequent primary temporomandibular joint pain on temporomandibular joint palpation beyond the area of the joint. 2025-06-18T17:44:03Z ICOP number: 3.1.2.3.2 chronic highly frequent primary temporomandibular joint pain with pain referral Chronic highly frequent primary temporomandibular joint pain on temporomandibular joint palpation beyond the area of the joint. PMID:32103673 Pain localized to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and caused by another identified disorder, such as inflammation (due, for example, to trauma, infection, crystal deposition or autoimmune disorder), sensitization of the tissues, structural changes (such as osteoarthrosis, disc displacement or subluxation) or injury. 2025-06-18T17:46:47Z ICOP number: 3.2 secondary temporomandibular joint pain Pain localized to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and caused by another identified disorder, such as inflammation (due, for example, to trauma, infection, crystal deposition or autoimmune disorder), sensitization of the tissues, structural changes (such as osteoarthrosis, disc displacement or subluxation) or injury. PMID:32103673 Orofacial pain experienced as unilateral brief electric shock-like pains, abrupt in onset and termination, limited to the distribution of one or more divisions of the trigeminal nerve and triggered by innocuous stimuli. 2025-06-18T17:50:39Z trigeminal neuralgia trigeminal neuralgia attributed to other cause ICOP number: 4.1.1 Trigeminal neuralgic pain may develop without apparent cause or be a result of another disorder. Additionally, there may or may not be concomitant continuous pain of moderate intensity within the affected division(s). trigeminal neuralgic pain Orofacial pain experienced as unilateral brief electric shock-like pains, abrupt in onset and termination, limited to the distribution of one or more divisions of the trigeminal nerve and triggered by innocuous stimuli. PMID:32103673 Trigeminal neuralgia developing without apparent cause other than neurovascular compression. 2025-06-18T17:51:40Z ICOP number: 4.1.1.1 classic trigeminal neuralgia Trigeminal neuralgia developing without apparent cause other than neurovascular compression. PMID:32103673 Trigeminal neuralgia caused by an underlying disease. Clinical examination shows sensory changes in a substantial percentage of these patients. 2025-06-18T17:53:30Z ICOP number: 4.1.1.2 secondary trigeminal neuralgia Trigeminal neuralgia caused by an underlying disease. Clinical examination shows sensory changes in a substantial percentage of these patients. PMID:32103673 Orofacial pain attributed to lesion or disease of the glossopharyngeal nerve. 2025-06-18T17:55:16Z glossopharyngeal nerve associated pain ICOP number: 4.2 pain due to lesion or disease of the glossopharyngeal nerve Orofacial pain attributed to lesion or disease of the glossopharyngeal nerve. PMID:32103673 A disorder characterized by unilateral brief stabbing pain, abrupt in onset and termination, in the distributions not only of the glossopharyngeal nerve but also of the auricular and pharyngeal branches of the vagus nerve. Pain is experienced in the ear, base of the tongue, tonsillar fossa and/or beneath the angle of the jaw. It is commonly provoked by swallowing, talking or coughing and may remit and relapse in the fashion of Trigeminal neuralgia. 2025-06-18T17:56:55Z ICOP number: 4.2.1 glossopharyngeal neuralgia A disorder characterized by unilateral brief stabbing pain, abrupt in onset and termination, in the distributions not only of the glossopharyngeal nerve but also of the auricular and pharyngeal branches of the vagus nerve. Pain is experienced in the ear, base of the tongue, tonsillar fossa and/or beneath the angle of the jaw. It is commonly provoked by swallowing, talking or coughing and may remit and relapse in the fashion of Trigeminal neuralgia. PMID:32103673 Glossopharyngeal neuralgia with recurrent paroxysms of unilateral pain with the demonstration of magnetic resonance imaging. 2025-06-18T17:58:02Z ICOP number: 4.2.1.1 classical glossopharyngeal neuralgia Glossopharyngeal neuralgia with recurrent paroxysms of unilateral pain with the demonstration of magnetic resonance imaging. PMID:32103673 Glossopharyngeal neuralgia caused by an underlying disease. 2025-06-18T17:59:32Z ICOP number: 4.2.1.2 secondary glossopharyngeal neuralgia Glossopharyngeal neuralgia caused by an underlying disease. PMID:32103673 Glossopharyngeal neuralgia with recurrent paroxysms of unilateral pain without neurovascular compression or an underlying disease know to cause secondary glossopharyngeal neuralgia. 2025-06-18T18:01:40Z ICOP number: 4.2.1.3 idiopathic glossopharyngeal neuralgia Glossopharyngeal neuralgia with recurrent paroxysms of unilateral pain without neurovascular compression or an underlying disease know to cause secondary glossopharyngeal neuralgia. PMID:32103673 Pulpal pain due to a dental procedure involving a restorative procedure which has caused the affected tooth to be in hyperocclusion or hyperarticulation. 2025-06-24T15:28:57Z ICOP number: 1.1.1.1.3.3 pulpal pain due to hyperocclusion or hyperarticulation following dental restorative procedure Pulpal pain due to a dental procedure involving a restorative procedure which has caused the affected tooth to be in hyperocclusion or hyperarticulation. PMID:32103673 Pulpal pain due to a dental procedure involving a restorative procedure which has caused the affected tooth to be in hyperocclusion. 2025-06-24T15:29:21Z pulpal pain due to hyperocclusion following dental restorative procedure Pulpal pain due to a dental procedure involving a restorative procedure which has caused the affected tooth to be in hyperocclusion. PMID:32103673 Pulpal pain due to a dental procedure involving a restorative procedure which has caused the affected tooth to be in hyperarticulation. 2025-06-24T15:29:40Z pulpal pain due to hyperarticulation following dental restorative procedure Pulpal pain due to a dental procedure involving a restorative procedure which has caused the affected tooth to be in hyperarticulation. PMID:32103673 Orofacial pain due to lesisoin or disease of the cranial nerves. 2025-06-25T18:18:22Z ICOP number: 4 orofacial pain due to lesion or disease of the cranial nerves Orofacial pain due to lesisoin or disease of the cranial nerves. PMID:32103673 Pulpal pain due to a dental procedure resulting in the removal of dentin from the affected tooth, which was wide, deep, or both. 2025-06-25T18:55:26Z ICOP number: 1.1.1.1.3.1 pulpal pain due to extensive removal of dentin Pulpal pain due to a dental procedure resulting in the removal of dentin from the affected tooth, which was wide, deep, or both. PMID:32103673 Pulpal pain attributed to irreversible pulpitis due to infection of dentin with evidence of a fracture in one of the following: enamel and dentin (uncomplicated crown fracture), root cementum and dentin (uncomplicated root fracture), or enamel, root cementum and dentin (uncomplicated crown-root fracture). 2025-06-25T19:18:31Z ICOP number: 1.1.1.3.2.2 pulpal pain due to irreversible pulpitis resulting from a dental hard-tissue fracture without pulp exposure Pulpal pain attributed to irreversible pulpitis due to infection of dentin with evidence of a fracture in one of the following: enamel and dentin (uncomplicated crown fracture), root cementum and dentin (uncomplicated root fracture), or enamel, root cementum and dentin (uncomplicated crown-root fracture). PMID:32103673 Pulpal pain attributed to irreversible pulpitis due to infection of dentin because of a crack or incompletel fracture in the enamel or enamel dentin, along with at least one of the following: sharp pain upon biting, pain on release of occlusal biting pressure or external application of force, and cold hypersensitivity. 2025-06-25T19:41:39Z ICOP number: 1.1.1.3.2.3 pulpal pain due to irreversible pulpitis resulting from tooth crack without evidence of missing tooth substance Pulpal pain attributed to irreversible pulpitis due to infection of dentin because of a crack or incompletel fracture in the enamel or enamel dentin, along with at least one of the following: sharp pain upon biting, pain on release of occlusal biting pressure or external application of force, and cold hypersensitivity. PMID:32103673 Pulpal pain attirbuted to irreversible pulpitis due to infection of the dental pulp with evidence of a fracture in one of the following: enamel and dentin (uncomplicated crown fracture), root cementum and dentin (uncomplicated root fracture), or enamel, root cementum and dentin (uncomplicated crown-root fracture) along with pain that has developed in close temporal relation to the fracture with pain developing in close temporal relation to the fracture. 2025-06-25T19:59:42Z ICOP number: 1.1.1.3.3.2 pulpal pain due to irreversible pulpitis resulting from a dental hard-tissue fracture with pulp exposure Pulpal pain attirbuted to irreversible pulpitis due to infection of the dental pulp with evidence of a fracture in one of the following: enamel and dentin (uncomplicated crown fracture), root cementum and dentin (uncomplicated root fracture), or enamel, root cementum and dentin (uncomplicated crown-root fracture) along with pain that has developed in close temporal relation to the fracture with pain developing in close temporal relation to the fracture. PMID:32103673 Pulpal pain attributed to pulpitis with an external cervical root resorption with pain that has developed in temporal relation to onset of the resorption. 2025-06-26T18:22:36Z ICOP number: 1.1.1.3.4 pulpal pain due to pulpitis resulting from an external cervical root resorption Pulpal pain attributed to pulpitis with an external cervical root resorption with pain that has developed in temporal relation to onset of the resorption. PMID:32103673 Periodontal pain attributed to traumatically induced periodontal inflammation because of a change in occlusal conditions that has occurred, with resultant hyperocclusion or hyperarticulation identified by at least one of the following: primary contact affecting a tooth in occlusion or articulation or hypermobility of a tooth. 2025-06-26T18:26:26Z ICOP number: 1.1.2.1.1.1 periodontal pain due to hyperocclusion or hyperarticulation Periodontal pain attributed to traumatically induced periodontal inflammation because of a change in occlusal conditions that has occurred, with resultant hyperocclusion or hyperarticulation identified by at least one of the following: primary contact affecting a tooth in occlusion or articulation or hypermobility of a tooth. PMID:32103673 Periodontal pain attributed to traumatically induced periodontal inflammation because of a change in occlusal conditions that has occurred, with resultant hyperocclusion identified by primary contact affecting a tooth in occlusion or hypermobility of a tooth. 2025-06-26T18:26:36Z periodontal pain due to hyperocclusion Periodontal pain attributed to traumatically induced periodontal inflammation because of a change in occlusal conditions that has occurred, with resultant hyperocclusion identified by primary contact affecting a tooth in occlusion or hypermobility of a tooth. PMID:32103673 Periodontal pain attributed to traumatically induced periodontal inflammation because of a change in occlusal conditions that has occurred, with resultant hyperarticulation identified by primary contact affecting a tooth in articulation or hypermobility of a tooth. 2025-06-26T18:26:45Z periodontal pain due to hyperarticulation Periodontal pain attributed to traumatically induced periodontal inflammation because of a change in occlusal conditions that has occurred, with resultant hyperarticulation identified by primary contact affecting a tooth in articulation or hypermobility of a tooth. PMID:32103673 Periodontal pain attributed to traumatically induced periodontal inflammation because of accidental trauma with evidence of one of the following: concussion, subluxation, lateral luxation, intrusion, extrusion, avulsion, or root fracture. 2025-06-26T18:31:30Z ICOP number: 1.1.2.1.1.3 periodontal pain due to accidental dental injury Periodontal pain attributed to traumatically induced periodontal inflammation because of accidental trauma with evidence of one of the following: concussion, subluxation, lateral luxation, intrusion, extrusion, avulsion, or root fracture. PMID:32103673 Periodontal pain attributed to apical periodontitis due to endodontic disease because of pulpitis that has been diagnosed because of one of the following: evidence of dental disorder involving the affected tooth or vital pulp evidenced by response to pulp vitality testing. 2025-06-26T18:33:57Z ICOP number: 1.1.2.1.2.1 periodontal pain due to pulpal inflammation Periodontal pain attributed to apical periodontitis due to endodontic disease because of pulpitis that has been diagnosed because of one of the following: evidence of dental disorder involving the affected tooth or vital pulp evidenced by response to pulp vitality testing. PMID:32103673 Periodontal pain attributed to apical periodontitis due to endodontic disease because of partial or total pulp necrosis and endodontic infection that have been diagnosed by: non-vital pulp, evidenced by either: direct inspection, or non-response to pulp vitality testing or a previously debrided root canal or clinical or radiographic evidence of apical inflammation. 2025-06-26T18:37:38Z ICOP number: 1.1.2.1.2.2 periodontal pain due to endodontic infection Periodontal pain attributed to apical periodontitis due to endodontic disease because of partial or total pulp necrosis and endodontic infection that have been diagnosed by: non-vital pulp, evidenced by either: direct inspection, or non-response to pulp vitality testing or a previously debrided root canal or clinical or radiographic evidence of apical inflammation. PMID:32103673 Periodontal pain due to endodontic infection resulting from to a tooth that has a root canal infection. 2025-06-26T18:44:16Z ICOP number: 1.1.2.1.2.2.1 periodontal pain due to intraradicular endodontic infection Periodontal pain due to endodontic infection resulting from to a tooth that has a root canal infection. PMID:32103673 Periodontal pain attributed to endodontic infection due to an extraradicular infection around one or more teeth. 2025-06-26T18:47:51Z ICOP number: 1.1.2.1.2.2.2 periodontal pain due to extraradicular endodontic infection Periodontal pain attributed to endodontic infection due to an extraradicular infection around one or more teeth. PMID:32103673 Periodontal pain due to periodontal disease that results from a systematic disorder. 2025-06-26T18:53:25Z periodontal pain due to unspecified systemic disorder ICOP number: 1.1.2.1.3.3 periodontal pain due to periodontitis as a manifestation of a systemic disorder Periodontal pain due to periodontal disease that results from a systematic disorder. PMID:32103673 Periodontal pain due to periodontitis as a manifestion of a systematic genetic disorder. Genetic disorders which can result in periodontitis include familial and cyclic neutropenia, Down syndrome, leukocyte adhesion deficiency syndromes, Papillon–Lefèvre syndrome, Chediak–Higashi syndrome, histiocytosis syndromes, glycogen storage disease, infantile genetic agranulocytosis, Cohen syndrome, Ehler–Danlos syndrome (types IV and VIII), and hypophosphatasia. 2025-06-26T18:54:59Z ICOP number: 1.1.2.1.3.3.2 periodontal pain due to genetic disorder Periodontal pain due to periodontitis as a manifestion of a systematic genetic disorder. Genetic disorders which can result in periodontitis include familial and cyclic neutropenia, Down syndrome, leukocyte adhesion deficiency syndromes, Papillon–Lefèvre syndrome, Chediak–Higashi syndrome, histiocytosis syndromes, glycogen storage disease, infantile genetic agranulocytosis, Cohen syndrome, Ehler–Danlos syndrome (types IV and VIII), and hypophosphatasia. PMID:32103673 Periodontal pain due to periodontitis as a manifestation of a systematic haematological disorder. Haematological disorders which can result in periodontitis include acquired neutropenia and leukaemia. 2025-06-26T18:59:27Z ICOP number: 1.1.2.1.3.3.1 periodontal pain due to haematological disorder Periodontal pain due to periodontitis as a manifestation of a systematic haematological disorder. Haematological disorders which can result in periodontitis include acquired neutropenia and leukaemia. PMID:32103673 Periodontal pain due to periodontal disease resulting from either or both of the following: acute inflammation and loss of attatchement, or marginal and periradicular bone resorption. 2025-06-26T19:02:46Z ICOP number: 1.1.2.1.3.5 periodontal pain due to periodontal abscess Periodontal pain due to periodontal disease resulting from either or both of the following: acute inflammation and loss of attatchement, or marginal and periradicular bone resorption. PMID:32103673 Gingival pain due to a malignant lesion of the gingival tissues. 2025-06-26T19:22:46Z ICOP number: 1.1.3.2 gingival pain due to malignant lesion Gingival pain due to a malignant lesion of the gingival tissues. PMID:32103673 Pain due to a lesion or disorder affecting the non-dental oral and peri-oral tissues: the oral mucosa, the salivary glands and the jaw bone tissues. 2025-06-26T19:24:13Z ICOP number: 1.2 oral mucosal, salivary gland and jaw bone pains Pain due to a lesion or disorder affecting the non-dental oral and peri-oral tissues: the oral mucosa, the salivary glands and the jaw bone tissues. PMID:32103673 Periodontal paind due to periodontitis, with the exception that it involves an implant and not a natural tooth, resulitng from a peri-implant infection with casuation from anatomical, functional, or temporal association. 2025-06-30T17:05:54Z ICOP number: 1.1.2.1.5 periodontal pain due to infective peri-implantitis Periodontal paind due to periodontitis, with the exception that it involves an implant and not a natural tooth, resulitng from a peri-implant infection with casuation from anatomical, functional, or temporal association. PMID:32103673 Periodontal pain due to periodontitis resulting from partial or total pulp necrosis or periodontal disease. 2025-06-30T17:16:38Z ICOP number: 1.1.2.1.4 periodontal pain due to apical and marginal periodontitis resulting from combined endodontic infection and periodontal disease Periodontal pain due to periodontitis resulting from partial or total pulp necrosis or periodontal disease. PMID:32103673 Pulpal pain due to irreversible pulpitis resulting from an infection of the dental pulp because of deep caries in the affected tooth. 2025-06-30T17:32:59Z ICOP number: 1.1.1.3.3.1 pulpal pain due to irreversible pulpitis resulting from carious pulp exposure and infection of the pulp Pulpal pain due to irreversible pulpitis resulting from an infection of the dental pulp because of deep caries in the affected tooth. PMID:32103673 Oral mucosal pain due to oral mucosal inflammation resulting from non-iatrogenic injury. 2025-06-30T17:47:50Z ICOP number: 1.2.1.1.1.1 oral mucosal pain due to non-iatrogenic injury Oral mucosal pain due to oral mucosal inflammation resulting from non-iatrogenic injury. PMID:32103673 Oral mucosal pain due to injury from radiation or chemotherapy 2025-06-30T17:53:15Z ICOP number: 1.2.1.1.1.3 oral mucosal pain due to radiation or chemotherapy Oral mucosal pain due to injury from radiation or chemotherapy PMID:32103673 Oral mucoal pain due to meoplasia of the oral mucosa. 2025-06-30T17:57:07Z ICOP number: 1.2.1.2 oral mucosal pain due to malignant lesion Oral mucoal pain due to meoplasia of the oral mucosa. PMID:32103673 Salivary gland pain due to recurrent juvenile parotitis. 2025-06-30T18:10:29Z ICOP number: 1.2.2.3 salivary gland pain due to recurrent juvenile parotitis Salivary gland pain due to recurrent juvenile parotitis. PMID:32103673 Jaw bone pain that results from a primary or seconday malignant lesion. 2025-06-30T18:16:50Z ICOP number: 1.2.3.4 jaw bone pain due to malignant lesion Jaw bone pain that results from a primary or seconday malignant lesion. PMID:32103673 Jaw bone pain that results from a local benign lesion. 2025-06-30T18:22:25Z ICOP number: 1.2.3.3 jaw bone pain due to local benign lesion Jaw bone pain that results from a local benign lesion. PMID:32103673 Jaw bone pain due to a primary malignant lesion. 2025-06-30T18:27:19Z ICOP number: 1.2.3.4.1 jaw bone pain due to local malignancy Jaw bone pain due to a primary malignant lesion. PMID:32103673 Jaw bone pain due to a remote malignant lesion. 2025-06-30T18:29:32Z ICOP number: 1.2.3.4.2 jaw bone pain due to remote malignancy Jaw bone pain due to a remote malignant lesion. PMID:32103673 Jaw bone pain due to a theraputic intervention that has resulted in a lesion. 2025-06-30T18:30:41Z ICOP number: 1.2.3.5 jaw bone pain due to therapy Jaw bone pain due to a theraputic intervention that has resulted in a lesion. PMID:32103673 Pain in masticatory muscles, with or without functional impairment, not attributable to another disorder. 2025-06-30T18:37:54Z ICOP number: 2.1 primary myofascial orofacial pain Pain in masticatory muscles, with or without functional impairment, not attributable to another disorder. PMID:32103673 Mild to moderate levels of deep aching or pressing pain in the masticatory muscles, occurring episodically or unremittingly, often associated with functional impairment such as perceived difficulties in moving the lower jaw, chewing and/or yawning, etc., and with onset within the last 3 months. 2025-06-30T18:38:53Z ICOP number: 2.1.1 acute primary myofascial orofacial pain Mild to moderate levels of deep aching or pressing pain in the masticatory muscles, occurring episodically or unremittingly, often associated with functional impairment such as perceived difficulties in moving the lower jaw, chewing and/or yawning, etc., and with onset within the last 3 months. PMID:32103673 Mild to moderate levels of deep aching or pressing pain in the masticatory muscles, occurring episodically or unremittingly, often associated with functional impairment such as perceived difficulties in moving the lower jaw, chewing and/or yawning, etc., and with onset more than 3 months ago. It is often associated with psychosocial distress. 2025-06-30T18:39:42Z ICOP number: 2.1.2 chronic primary myofascial orofacial pain Mild to moderate levels of deep aching or pressing pain in the masticatory muscles, occurring episodically or unremittingly, often associated with functional impairment such as perceived difficulties in moving the lower jaw, chewing and/or yawning, etc., and with onset more than 3 months ago. It is often associated with psychosocial distress. PMID:32103673 Chronic primary myofascial orofacial pain occurring on less than one day a month. 2025-06-30T18:41:37Z ICOP number: 2.1.2.1 chronic infrequent primary myofascial orofacial pain Chronic primary myofascial orofacial pain occurring on less than one day a month. PMID:32103673 Chronic primary myofascial pain occurring 1-14 days a month for more than 3 months. 2025-06-30T18:42:07Z ICOP number: 2.1.2.2 chronic frequent primary myofascial orofacial pain Chronic primary myofascial pain occurring 1-14 days a month for more than 3 months. PMID:32103673 Chronic pain that occurs 1-14 days a month. 2025-07-01T17:11:00Z chronic frequent pain Chronic pain that occurs 1-14 days a month. PMID:32103673 Chronic pain that occurs less than one day a month. 2025-07-01T17:13:04Z chronic infrequent pain Chronic pain that occurs less than one day a month. PMID:32103673 Chronic frequent pain that occurs beyond the affected site. 2025-07-01T17:14:42Z chronic frequent pain with pain referral Chronic frequent pain that occurs beyond the affected site. PMID:32103673 Chronic frequent pain that s localized to the affected area. 2025-07-01T17:15:41Z chronic frequent pain without pain referral Chronic frequent pain that s localized to the affected area. PMID:32103673 Chronic frequent primary myofascial pain with no report of pain at a site beyond the boundary of the muscle (temporalis or masseter) being palpated. 2025-07-01T17:18:27Z ICOP number: 2.1.2.2.1 chronic frequent primary myofascial orofacial pain without pain referral Chronic frequent primary myofascial pain with no report of pain at a site beyond the boundary of the muscle (temporalis or masseter) being palpated. PMID:32103673 Chronic frequent primary myofascial pain with a report of pain at a site beyond the boudary of the muscle being palpated. 2025-07-01T17:20:22Z ICOP number: 2.1.2.2.2 chronic frequent primary myofascial orofacial pain with pain referral Chronic frequent primary myofascial pain with a report of pain at a site beyond the boudary of the muscle being palpated. PMID:32103673 Chronic pain that occurs more than 15 days a month for more than 4 months. 2025-07-01T17:22:21Z chronic highly frequent pain Chronic pain that occurs more than 15 days a month for more than 4 months. PMID:32103673 Chronic frequent primary myofascial pain occuring more than 15 days a month for an average of more than 3 months. 2025-07-01T17:25:28Z ICOP number: 2.1.2.3 chronic highly frequent primary myofascial orofacial pain Chronic frequent primary myofascial pain occuring more than 15 days a month for an average of more than 3 months. PMID:32103673 Chronic highly frequent primary myofascial orofacial pain with no report of pain at a site beyond the boundary of the muscle (temporalis or masseter) being palpated. 2025-07-01T17:31:39Z ICOP number: 2.1.2.3.1 chronic highly frequent primary myofascial orofacial pain without pain referral Chronic highly frequent primary myofascial orofacial pain with no report of pain at a site beyond the boundary of the muscle (temporalis or masseter) being palpated. PMID:32103673 Chronic highly frequent pain that is localized to the affected area. 2025-07-01T17:35:37Z chronic highly frequent pain without pain referral Chronic highly frequent pain that is localized to the affected area. PMID:32103673 Chronic highly frequent pain with pain referral that occurs beyond the affected area. 2025-07-01T17:37:56Z chronic highly frequent pain with pain referral Chronic highly frequent pain with pain referral that occurs beyond the affected area. PMID:32103673 Chronic highly frequent primary myofascial orofascial pain with a report of pain at a site beyond the boundary of the muscle being palpated. 2025-07-01T17:39:54Z ICOP number: 2.1.2.3.2 chronic highly frequent primary myofascial orofacial pain with pain referral Chronic highly frequent primary myofascial orofascial pain with a report of pain at a site beyond the boundary of the muscle being palpated. PMID:32103673 Myofascial pain caused by an underlying disorder (inflammation, infection or muscle spasm). 2025-07-01T17:44:16Z ICOP number: 2.2 secondary myofascial orofacial pain Myofascial pain caused by an underlying disorder (inflammation, infection or muscle spasm). PMID:32103673 Pain of tendon origin, affected by jaw movement, function or parafunction and replicated by provocation-testing of the relevant masticatory tendon. Limitation of mandibular movement(s) secondary to pain may be present. The temporalis tendon is a common site of tendonitis and may refer pain to the teeth and other nearby structures. Tendonitis can also occur in other masticatory muscle tendons. 2025-07-01T17:46:19Z ICOP number: 2.2.1 myofascial orofacial pain attributed to tendonitis Pain of tendon origin, affected by jaw movement, function or parafunction and replicated by provocation-testing of the relevant masticatory tendon. Limitation of mandibular movement(s) secondary to pain may be present. The temporalis tendon is a common site of tendonitis and may refer pain to the teeth and other nearby structures. Tendonitis can also occur in other masticatory muscle tendons. PMID:32103673 Pain caused by myositis affecting one or more masticatory muscles, with clinical characteristics of inflammation or infection: oedema, erythema and/or increased temperature. It generally arises acutely following direct trauma of the muscle or from infection, or chronically with autoimmune disease. Limitation of unassisted mandibular movements secondary to pain is often present. Calcification of the muscle can occur (i.e. myositis ossificans). 2025-07-01T17:48:14Z ICOP number: 2.2.2 myofascial orofacial pain attributed to myositis Pain caused by myositis affecting one or more masticatory muscles, with clinical characteristics of inflammation or infection: oedema, erythema and/or increased temperature. It generally arises acutely following direct trauma of the muscle or from infection, or chronically with autoimmune disease. Limitation of unassisted mandibular movements secondary to pain is often present. Calcification of the muscle can occur (i.e. myositis ossificans). PMID:32103673 Pain caused by sudden, involuntary, reversible tonic contraction of a muscle. Such spasm may affect any of the masticatory muscles. Acute malocclusion may be present. 2025-07-01T17:49:34Z ICOP number: 2.2.3 myofascial orofacial pain attributed to muscle spasm Pain caused by sudden, involuntary, reversible tonic contraction of a muscle. Such spasm may affect any of the masticatory muscles. Acute malocclusion may be present. PMID:32103673 TMJ pain caused by persistent inflammation of articular tissues (due, for example, to trauma, infection, crystal deposition or autoimmune disorder). TMJ pain is common in TMJ arthritis, but TMJ arthritis can be present without pain. 2025-07-01T17:52:37Z ICOP number: 3.2.1 temporomandibular joint pain attributed to arthritis TMJ pain caused by persistent inflammation of articular tissues (due, for example, to trauma, infection, crystal deposition or autoimmune disorder). TMJ pain is common in TMJ arthritis, but TMJ arthritis can be present without pain. PMID:32103673 Temporomandibular joint pain due to arthritis with evidence of systemic inflammatory joint disease but not evidence that associates it with the TMJ pain or no evidence of rheumatological disease. 2025-07-01T17:53:36Z ICOP number: 3.2.1.1 temporomandibular joint pain attributed to non-systemic arthritis Temporomandibular joint pain due to arthritis with evidence of systemic inflammatory joint disease but not evidence that associates it with the TMJ pain or no evidence of rheumatological disease. PMID:32103673 Temporomandibular joint due to arthritis with evidence of systemic inflammatory joint disease, pain developed in close temporal relation to other symptoms, and either the pain has significantly worsened in parallel with worsening of the systemic inflammatory joint disease or the pain has significantly improved or resolved with treatment of the systemic inflammatory joint disease. 2025-07-01T17:54:43Z ICOP number: 3.2.1.2 temporomandibular joint pain attributed to systemic arthritis Temporomandibular joint due to arthritis with evidence of systemic inflammatory joint disease, pain developed in close temporal relation to other symptoms, and either the pain has significantly worsened in parallel with worsening of the systemic inflammatory joint disease or the pain has significantly improved or resolved with treatment of the systemic inflammatory joint disease. PMID:32103673 TMJ pain caused by TMJ disc displacement in the absence of TMJ arthritis. TMJ pain can here be due to mechanical derangements within the joint. 2025-07-01T17:58:05Z ICOP number: 3.2.2 temporomandibular joint pain attributed to disc displacement TMJ pain caused by TMJ disc displacement in the absence of TMJ arthritis. TMJ pain can here be due to mechanical derangements within the joint. PMID:32103673 Secondary temporomandibular joint pain due to TMJ disc displacement with reduction that any TMJ noise on jaw movement or function have been reported and clicking, popping, or snapping noises detected with palpation on the jaw opening and closing. 2025-07-01T18:01:04Z ICOP number: 3.2.2.1 temporomandibular joint pain attributed to disc displacement with reduction Secondary temporomandibular joint pain due to TMJ disc displacement with reduction that any TMJ noise on jaw movement or function have been reported and clicking, popping, or snapping noises detected with palpation on the jaw opening and closing. PMID:32103673 Temporomandibular joint pain due to disc displacement with reduction with intermittent jaw locking with limited mouth opening. 2025-07-01T18:02:56Z ICOP number: 3.2.2.1.1 temporomandibular joint pain attributed to disc displacement with reduction, with intermittent locking Temporomandibular joint pain due to disc displacement with reduction with intermittent jaw locking with limited mouth opening. PMID:32103673 Secondary temporomandibulare join pain due to TMJ disc displacement without reduction, which has been diagnosed by jaw locking or limitation of jaw opening. Along with evidence of pain developing in close temporal relation to the disc dsiplacement, a significant worsening in pain paralelle. 2025-07-01T18:04:14Z ICOP number: 3.2.2.2 temporomandibular joint pain attributed to disc displacement without reduction Secondary temporomandibulare join pain due to TMJ disc displacement without reduction, which has been diagnosed by jaw locking or limitation of jaw opening. Along with evidence of pain developing in close temporal relation to the disc dsiplacement, a significant worsening in pain paralelle. PMID:32103673 TMJ pain caused by degenerative joint disorder (osteoarthrosis, osteoarthritis) in the absence of TMJ arthritis. 2025-07-01T18:06:11Z ICOP number: 3.2.3 temporomandibular joint pain due to degenerative joint disease TMJ pain caused by degenerative joint disorder (osteoarthrosis, osteoarthritis) in the absence of TMJ arthritis. PMID:32103673 TMJ pain caused by subluxation, in the absence of TMJ arthritis. It is usually acute, and probably due to overstretching of tissues. 2025-07-01T18:06:56Z ICOP number: 3.2.4 temporomandibular joint pain due to subluxation TMJ pain caused by subluxation, in the absence of TMJ arthritis. It is usually acute, and probably due to overstretching of tissues. PMID:32103673 Trigeminal neuralgia with neither electrophysiological tests nor MRI showing significant abnormalities. 2025-07-01T18:12:38Z ICOP term: 4.1.1.3 idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia Trigeminal neuralgia with neither electrophysiological tests nor MRI showing significant abnormalities. PMID:32103673 Trigeminal neuralgia caused by a multiple sclerosis (MS) plaque or plaques in the pons or trigeminal root entry zone, and associated with other symptoms and/or clinical or laboratory findings of MS. 2025-07-02T19:04:21Z ICOP number: 4.1.1.2.1 trigeminal neuralgia due to multiple sclerosis Trigeminal neuralgia caused by a multiple sclerosis (MS) plaque or plaques in the pons or trigeminal root entry zone, and associated with other symptoms and/or clinical or laboratory findings of MS. PMID:32103673 Trigeminal neuralgia caused by contact between the affected trigeminal nerve and a space-occupying lesion. 2025-07-02T19:07:10Z ICOP number: 4.1.1.2.2 trigeminal neuralgia due to space-occupying lesion Trigeminal neuralgia caused by contact between the affected trigeminal nerve and a space-occupying lesion. PMID:32103673 Classical trigeminal neuralgia with persistent background pain. 2025-07-02T19:15:13Z ICOP number: 4.1.1.1.2 classical trigeminal neuralgia with concomitant continuous pain Classical trigeminal neuralgia with persistent background pain. PMID:32103673 Idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia with recurrent paroxysms of unilateral facial pain that is concomitant continuous of near-continuous pain between attacks in the affected trigeminal distirbution. 2025-07-02T19:16:21Z ICOP number: 4.1.1.3.2 idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia with concomitant continuous pain Idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia with recurrent paroxysms of unilateral facial pain that is concomitant continuous of near-continuous pain between attacks in the affected trigeminal distirbution. PMID:32103673 Glossopharyngeal nerve associated pain that occurs within the distribution of the glossopharyngeal nerve (posterior part of the tongue, tonsillar fossa, pharynx or beneath the angle of the lower jaw). In addition, pain is commonly perceived in the ipsilateral ear. The primary pain is usually continuous or near-continuous, and commonly described as burning or squeezing, or likened to pins and needles. Brief paroxysms may be superimposed but they are not the predominant pain type. This combination distinguishes 4.2.2 Glossopharyngeal neuropathic pain from 4.2.1 Glossopharyngeal neuralgia. Sensory deficits may be present in the ipsilateral posterior part of the tongue and tonsillar fossa, and the gag reflex may be weak or missing. 2025-07-02T19:24:40Z glossopharyngeal neuropathic pain due to a known cause glossopharyngeal neuropathic pain Glossopharyngeal nerve associated pain that occurs within the distribution of the glossopharyngeal nerve (posterior part of the tongue, tonsillar fossa, pharynx or beneath the angle of the lower jaw). In addition, pain is commonly perceived in the ipsilateral ear. The primary pain is usually continuous or near-continuous, and commonly described as burning or squeezing, or likened to pins and needles. Brief paroxysms may be superimposed but they are not the predominant pain type. This combination distinguishes 4.2.2 Glossopharyngeal neuropathic pain from 4.2.1 Glossopharyngeal neuralgia. Sensory deficits may be present in the ipsilateral posterior part of the tongue and tonsillar fossa, and the gag reflex may be weak or missing. PMID:32103673 Unilateral continuous or near-continuous pain, with or without superimposed brief paroxysms, in the distribution(s) of the glossopharyngeal nerve and of unknown aetiology. 2025-07-02T19:28:43Z ICOP number: 4.2.2.2 idiopathic glossopharyngeal neuropathic pain Unilateral continuous or near-continuous pain, with or without superimposed brief paroxysms, in the distribution(s) of the glossopharyngeal nerve and of unknown aetiology. PMID:32103673 Orofacial pains resembling presentations of primary headaches. 2025-07-02T19:31:48Z ICOP number: 5 orofacial pain with headache presentation Orofacial pains resembling presentations of primary headaches. PMID:32103673 Episodic or chronic pain exclusively in the orofacial region, without head pain, with the characteristics and associated features of 1. Migraine described in ICHD-3. 2025-07-02T19:32:24Z ICOP number: 5.1 orofacial migraine Episodic or chronic pain exclusively in the orofacial region, without head pain, with the characteristics and associated features of 1. Migraine described in ICHD-3. PMID:32103673 Recurrent orofacial pain (OFP) attacks, without head pain, lasting 4–72 hours. Typical characteristics of the pain are unilateral location, pulsating quality, moderate or severe intensity, aggravation by routine physical activity and association with nausea and/or photophobia and phonophobia. 2025-07-02T19:33:53Z ICOP number: 5.1.1 episodic orofacial migraine Recurrent orofacial pain (OFP) attacks, without head pain, lasting 4–72 hours. Typical characteristics of the pain are unilateral location, pulsating quality, moderate or severe intensity, aggravation by routine physical activity and association with nausea and/or photophobia and phonophobia. PMID:32103673 Facial or oral pain occurring on 15 or more days per month for more than 3 months, which has the features of migraine on at least 8 days per month. 2025-07-02T19:34:44Z ICOP number: 5.1.2 chronic orofacial migraine Facial or oral pain occurring on 15 or more days per month for more than 3 months, which has the features of migraine on at least 8 days per month. PMID:32103673 Episodic or chronic pain exclusively in the orofacial region, without head pain, with the characteristics and associated features of 2. Tension-type headache described in the International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd Edition, which can include pressing or tightening with mild to moderate intensity with bilateral location. 2025-07-02T19:36:31Z ICOP number: 5.2 tension-type orofacial pain Episodic or chronic pain exclusively in the orofacial region, without head pain, with the characteristics and associated features of 2. Tension-type headache described in the International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd Edition, which can include pressing or tightening with mild to moderate intensity with bilateral location. PMID:32103673 Attacks of pain, exclusively in the orofacial region, without head pain, with the characteristics and associated features of a disorder described under 3. Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias in the International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd Edition, which include conjunctival injection and/or lacrimation, nasal congestion and/or rhinorrhoea, eyelid oedema, forehead and facial sweating, miosis and/or ptosis. 2025-07-02T19:37:03Z ICOP number: 5.3 trigeminal autonomic orofacial pain Attacks of pain, exclusively in the orofacial region, without head pain, with the characteristics and associated features of a disorder described under 3. Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias in the International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd Edition, which include conjunctival injection and/or lacrimation, nasal congestion and/or rhinorrhoea, eyelid oedema, forehead and facial sweating, miosis and/or ptosis. PMID:32103673 Attacks of severe, strictly unilateral facial and/or oral pain, without head pain, lasting 15–180 minutes and occurring from once every other day to eight times a day. The pain is associated with ipsilateral conjunctival injection, lacrimation, nasal congestion, rhinorrhoea, forehead and facial sweating, miosis, ptosis and/or eyelid oedema, and/or with restlessness or agitation. 2025-07-07T17:16:21Z ICOP number: 5.3.1 orofacial cluster attacks Attacks of severe, strictly unilateral facial and/or oral pain, without head pain, lasting 15–180 minutes and occurring from once every other day to eight times a day. The pain is associated with ipsilateral conjunctival injection, lacrimation, nasal congestion, rhinorrhoea, forehead and facial sweating, miosis, ptosis and/or eyelid oedema, and/or with restlessness or agitation. PMID:32103673 Orofacial cluster attacks occurring in periods lasting from 7 days to 1 year, separated by pain-free periods lasting at least 3 months. 2025-07-07T17:16:59Z ICOP number: 5.3.1.1 episodic orofacial cluster attacks Orofacial cluster attacks occurring in periods lasting from 7 days to 1 year, separated by pain-free periods lasting at least 3 months. PMID:32103673 Orofacial cluster attacks occurring for more than 1 year without remission, or with remission periods lasting less than 3 months. 2025-07-07T17:17:49Z ICOP number: 5.3.1.2 chronic orofacial cluster attacks Orofacial cluster attacks occurring for more than 1 year without remission, or with remission periods lasting less than 3 months. PMID:32103673 Attacks of severe, strictly hemifacial pain, without head pain, lasting 2–30 minutes and occurring several or many times a day. The attacks may be associated with ipsilateral conjunctival injection, lacrimation, nasal congestion, rhinorrhoea, forehead and facial sweating, miosis, ptosis and/or eyelid oedema. 2025-07-07T17:18:22Z ICOP number: 5.3.2 paroxysmal hemifacial pain Attacks of severe, strictly hemifacial pain, without head pain, lasting 2–30 minutes and occurring several or many times a day. The attacks may be associated with ipsilateral conjunctival injection, lacrimation, nasal congestion, rhinorrhoea, forehead and facial sweating, miosis, ptosis and/or eyelid oedema. PMID:32103673 Attacks of paroxysmal hemifacial pain occurring in periods lasting from 7 days to 1 year, separated by pain-free periods lasting at least 3 months. 2025-07-07T17:19:05Z ICOP number: 5.3.2.1 episodic paroxysmal hemifacial pain Attacks of paroxysmal hemifacial pain occurring in periods lasting from 7 days to 1 year, separated by pain-free periods lasting at least 3 months. PMID:32103673 Attacks of paroxysmal hemifacial pain occurring for more than 1 year without remission, or with remission periods lasting less than 3 months. 2025-07-07T17:22:04Z ICOP number: 5.3.2.2 chronic paroxysmal hemifacial pain Attacks of paroxysmal hemifacial pain occurring for more than 1 year without remission, or with remission periods lasting less than 3 months. PMID:32103673 Attacks of moderate or severe, strictly unilateral oral and/or facial pain, without head pain, lasting seconds to minutes, occurring at least once a day and usually associated with prominent lacrimation and redness of the ipsilateral eye and/or other local autonomic symptoms and/or signs. 2025-07-07T17:23:06Z ICOP number: 5.3.3 short-lasting unilateral neuralgiform facial pain attacks with cranial autonomic symptoms (SUNFA) Attacks of moderate or severe, strictly unilateral oral and/or facial pain, without head pain, lasting seconds to minutes, occurring at least once a day and usually associated with prominent lacrimation and redness of the ipsilateral eye and/or other local autonomic symptoms and/or signs. PMID:32103673 Attacks of SUNFA occurring in periods lasting from 7 days to 1 year, separated by pain-free periods lasting at least 3 months. 2025-07-07T17:26:23Z ICOP number: 5.3.3.1 episodic SUNFA Attacks of SUNFA occurring in periods lasting from 7 days to 1 year, separated by pain-free periods lasting at least 3 months. PMID:32103673 Attacks of SUNFA occurring for more than 1 year without remission, or with remission periods lasting less than 3 months. 2025-07-07T17:26:56Z ICOP number: 5.3.3.2 chronic SUNFA Attacks of SUNFA occurring for more than 1 year without remission, or with remission periods lasting less than 3 months. PMID:32103673 While no isolated facial equivalent of 3.4 Hemicrania continua, described in International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd Edition,, has so far been clearly established, extension of pain into the face in hemicrania continua has been described. Thus, pain referral and/or radiation to oral and/or facial structures may cause diagnostic difficulties. 2025-07-07T17:27:44Z ICOP number: 5.3.4 hemifacial continuous pain with autonomic symptoms While no isolated facial equivalent of 3.4 Hemicrania continua, described in International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd Edition,, has so far been clearly established, extension of pain into the face in hemicrania continua has been described. Thus, pain referral and/or radiation to oral and/or facial structures may cause diagnostic difficulties. PMID:32103673 Attacks of variable duration of moderate or severe intraoral pain, without head pain, often accompanied by toothache-like symptoms, with mild autonomic and/or migrainous symptoms. Two subforms are represented by patients with relatively short attacks (1–4 hours) and those with longer attacks (>4 hours). 2025-07-07T17:28:50Z ICOP number: 5.4 neurovascular orofacial pain Attacks of variable duration of moderate or severe intraoral pain, without head pain, often accompanied by toothache-like symptoms, with mild autonomic and/or migrainous symptoms. Two subforms are represented by patients with relatively short attacks (1–4 hours) and those with longer attacks (>4 hours). PMID:32103673 Neurovascular orofacial pain that lasts between 1-4 hours. 2025-07-07T17:30:01Z ICOP number: 5.4.1 short-lasting neurovascular orofacial pain Neurovascular orofacial pain that lasts between 1-4 hours. PMID:32103673 Neurovascular orofacial pain that lasts more than 4 hours. 2025-07-07T17:30:34Z ICOP number: 5.4.2 long-lasting neurovascular orofacial pain Neurovascular orofacial pain that lasts more than 4 hours. PMID:32103673 Orofacial pain involving unilateral or bilateral intraoral or facial pain in the distribution(s) of one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve(s) for which the aetiology is unknown. The pain is usually persistent, of moderate intensity, poorly localized and described as dull, pressing or of burning character. 2025-07-07T17:31:21Z ICOP number: 6 idiopathic orofacial pain Orofacial pain involving unilateral or bilateral intraoral or facial pain in the distribution(s) of one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve(s) for which the aetiology is unknown. The pain is usually persistent, of moderate intensity, poorly localized and described as dull, pressing or of burning character. PMID:32103673 An intraoral burning or dysaesthetic sensation, recurring daily for more than 2 hours per day for more than 3 months, without evident causative lesions on clinical examination and investigation. 2025-07-07T17:32:34Z ICOP number: 6.1 burning mouth syndrome (BMS) An intraoral burning or dysaesthetic sensation, recurring daily for more than 2 hours per day for more than 3 months, without evident causative lesions on clinical examination and investigation. PMID:32103673 An intraoral burning or dysaesthetic sensation, recurring daily for more than 2 hours per day for more than 3 months, unaccompanied by somatosensory changes and without evident causative lesions on clinical examination and investigation. 2025-07-07T17:33:11Z ICOP number: 6.1.1 burning mouth syndrome without somatosensory changes An intraoral burning or dysaesthetic sensation, recurring daily for more than 2 hours per day for more than 3 months, unaccompanied by somatosensory changes and without evident causative lesions on clinical examination and investigation. PMID:32103673 An intraoral burning or dysaesthetic sensation, recurring daily for more than 2 hours per day for more than 3 months and accompanied by negative and/or positive somatosensory changes, without evident causative lesion(s) on clinical examination and investigation. 2025-07-07T17:34:39Z ICOP number: 6.1.2 burning mouth syndrome with somatosensory changes An intraoral burning or dysaesthetic sensation, recurring daily for more than 2 hours per day for more than 3 months and accompanied by negative and/or positive somatosensory changes, without evident causative lesion(s) on clinical examination and investigation. PMID:32103673 An intraoral burning or dysaesthetic sensation, recurring daily for more than 2 hours per day but for less than 3 months, without evident causative lesions on clinical examination and investigation. 2025-07-07T17:35:50Z ICOP number: 6.1.3 probable burning mouth syndrome An intraoral burning or dysaesthetic sensation, recurring daily for more than 2 hours per day but for less than 3 months, without evident causative lesions on clinical examination and investigation. PMID:32103673 Persistent facial pain, with variable features, recurring daily for more than 2 hours per day for more than 3 months, in the absence of clinical neurological deficit or preceding causative event. 2025-07-07T17:36:33Z ICOP number: 6.2 persistent idiopathic facial pain (PIFP) Persistent facial pain, with variable features, recurring daily for more than 2 hours per day for more than 3 months, in the absence of clinical neurological deficit or preceding causative event. PMID:32103673 Persistent facial pain, with variable features, recurring daily for more than 2 hours per day for more than 3 months, unaccompanied by somatosensory changes and in the absence of clinical neurological deficit or preceding causative event. 2025-07-07T17:37:25Z ICOP number: 6.2.1 persistent idiopathic facial pain without somatosensory changes Persistent facial pain, with variable features, recurring daily for more than 2 hours per day for more than 3 months, unaccompanied by somatosensory changes and in the absence of clinical neurological deficit or preceding causative event. PMID:32103673 Persistent facial pain, with variable features, recurring daily for more than 2 hours per day for more than 3 months and accompanied by negative and/or positive somatosensory changes, in the absence of clinical neurological deficit or preceding causative event. 2025-07-07T17:38:09Z ICOP number: 6.2.2 persistent idiopathic facial pain with somatosensory changes Persistent facial pain, with variable features, recurring daily for more than 2 hours per day for more than 3 months and accompanied by negative and/or positive somatosensory changes, in the absence of clinical neurological deficit or preceding causative event. PMID:32103673 Facial pain, with variable features, recurring daily for more than 2 hours per day but for less than 3 months, in the absence of clinical neurological deficit or preceding causative event. 2025-07-07T17:38:41Z ICOP number: 6.2.3 probable persistent idiopathic facial pain Facial pain, with variable features, recurring daily for more than 2 hours per day but for less than 3 months, in the absence of clinical neurological deficit or preceding causative event. PMID:32103673 Persistent unilateral intraoral dentoalveolar pain, rarely occurring in multiple sites, with variable features but recurring daily for more than 2 hours per day for more than 3 months, in the absence of any preceding causative event. 2025-07-07T17:39:28Z ICOP number: 6.3 persistent idiopathic dentoalveolar pain Persistent unilateral intraoral dentoalveolar pain, rarely occurring in multiple sites, with variable features but recurring daily for more than 2 hours per day for more than 3 months, in the absence of any preceding causative event. PMID:32103673 Persistent unilateral intraoral dentoalveolar pain, rarely occurring in multiple sites, with variable features, recurring daily for more than 2 hours per day for more than 3 months, unaccompanied by somatosensory changes and in the absence of any preceding causative event. 2025-07-07T17:41:16Z ICOP number: 6.3.1 persistent idiopathic dentoalveolar pain without somatosensory changes Persistent unilateral intraoral dentoalveolar pain, rarely occurring in multiple sites, with variable features, recurring daily for more than 2 hours per day for more than 3 months, unaccompanied by somatosensory changes and in the absence of any preceding causative event. PMID:32103673 Persistent unilateral intraoral dentoalveolar pain, rarely occurring in multiple sites, with variable features, recurring daily for more than 2 hours per day for more than 3 months and accompanied by negative and/or positive somatosensory changes, in the absence of any preceding causative event. PMID:32103673 2025-07-07T17:41:53Z ICOP number: 6.3.2 persistent idiopathic dentoalveolar pain with somatosensory changes Persistent unilateral intraoral dentoalveolar pain, rarely occurring in multiple sites, with variable features, recurring daily for more than 2 hours per day for more than 3 months and accompanied by negative and/or positive somatosensory changes, in the absence of any preceding causative event. PMID:32103673 Unilateral intraoral dentoalveolar pain, rarely occurring in multiple sites, with variable features, recurring daily for more than 2 hours per day but for less than 3 months, in the absence of any preceding causative event. 2025-07-07T17:42:36Z ICOP number: 6.3.3 probable persistent idiopathic dentoalveolar pain Unilateral intraoral dentoalveolar pain, rarely occurring in multiple sites, with variable features, recurring daily for more than 2 hours per day but for less than 3 months, in the absence of any preceding causative event. PMID:32103673 Constant (unremitting) dull unilateral facial pain of mild to moderate intensity, accompanied by distinct attacks of moderate to severe pain in the same location lasting 10--30 minutes. There are no typical autonomic and/or migrainoid features accompanying either the constant pain or the additional pain attacks. 2025-07-07T17:43:15Z ICOP number: 6.4 constant unilateral facial pain with additional attacks (CUFPA) Constant (unremitting) dull unilateral facial pain of mild to moderate intensity, accompanied by distinct attacks of moderate to severe pain in the same location lasting 10--30 minutes. There are no typical autonomic and/or migrainoid features accompanying either the constant pain or the additional pain attacks. PMID:32103673 Gingival pain due to gingivitis resulting from an autoimmune disease or disorder. 2025-07-08T17:26:49Z ICOP number: 1.1.3.1.3 gingival pain due to autoimmunity Gingival pain due to gingivitis resulting from an autoimmune disease or disorder. PMID:32103673 GIngival pain due to gingivitis resulting from a hypersensitivity or allergic reaction in the gingival tissues. 2025-07-08T17:28:26Z ICOP number: 1.1.3.1.4 gingival pain attributed to hypersensitivity or allergic reaction GIngival pain due to gingivitis resulting from a hypersensitivity or allergic reaction in the gingival tissues. PMID:32103673 Oral mucosal pain due to oralmucosal inflammation resulting from an autoimmue disease. 2025-07-08T17:29:51Z ICOP number: 1.2.1.1.3 oral mucosal pain due to autoimmunity Oral mucosal pain due to oralmucosal inflammation resulting from an autoimmue disease. PMID:32103673 Oral mucosal pain due to oral mucosal inflammation resulting from a hypersensitivity or allergic reaction in the oral mucosa. 2025-07-08T17:31:05Z ICOP number: 1.2.1.1.4 oral mucosal pain due to hypersensitivity or allergic reaction Oral mucosal pain due to oral mucosal inflammation resulting from a hypersensitivity or allergic reaction in the oral mucosa. PMID:32103673 Salivary gland pain due to an immunologically mediated disorder. 2025-07-08T17:37:30Z ICOP number: 1.2.2.4 salivary gland pain due to immunologically mediated disorder Salivary gland pain due to an immunologically mediated disorder. PMID:32103673 Salivary gland pain due to an obstruction of the salivary duct. 2025-07-08T17:38:39Z ICOP number: 1.2.2.1 salivary gland pain due to obstructive cause Salivary gland pain due to an obstruction of the salivary duct. PMID:32103673 Orofacial pain in the distribution of one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve. The primary pain is usually continuous or near-continuous, and commonly described as burning, squeezing, aching or likened to pins and needles. 2025-07-08T17:40:50Z trigeminal neuropathic pain attributed to other disorder ICOP number: 4.1.2 Superimposed brief pain paroxysms may occur but these are not the predominant pain type. This combination is distinct from that of 4.1.1 Trigeminal neuralgia. There are clinically detectable somatosensory changes within the trigeminal distribution, and mechanical allodynia and cold hyperalgesia/allodynia are common, fulfilling the IASP criteria for neuropathic pain. Allodynic areas may be much larger than the punctate trigger zones present in 4.1.1 Trigeminal neuralgia. trigeminal neuropathic pain Orofacial pain in the distribution of one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve. The primary pain is usually continuous or near-continuous, and commonly described as burning, squeezing, aching or likened to pins and needles. PMID:32103673 Unilateral facial pain of less than 3 months’ duration in the distribution of one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve, caused by, and associated with other symptoms and/or clinical signs of, acute herpes zoster. 2025-07-08T17:41:58Z ICOP number: 4.1.2.1 trigeminal neuropathic pain attributed to herpes zoster Unilateral facial pain of less than 3 months’ duration in the distribution of one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve, caused by, and associated with other symptoms and/or clinical signs of, acute herpes zoster. PMID:32103673 Unilateral facial pain persisting or recurring for at least 3 months in the distribution(s) of one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve, with variable sensory changes, caused by herpes zoster. 2025-07-08T17:42:37Z ICOP number: 4.1.2.2 trigeminal postherpetic neuralgia Unilateral facial pain persisting or recurring for at least 3 months in the distribution(s) of one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve, with variable sensory changes, caused by herpes zoster. PMID:32103673 Unilateral or bilateral facial or oral pain following and caused by trauma to the trigeminal nerve(s), with other symptoms and/or clinical signs of trigeminal nerve dysfunction, and persisting or recurring for more than 3 months. 2025-07-08T17:43:22Z ICOP number: 4.1.2.3 post-traumatic trigeminal neuropathic pain Unilateral or bilateral facial or oral pain following and caused by trauma to the trigeminal nerve(s), with other symptoms and/or clinical signs of trigeminal nerve dysfunction, and persisting or recurring for more than 3 months. PMID:32103673 Post-traumatic trigeminal neuropathic pain without a diagnostic test confirmation of a lesion of the peripheral trieminal nerve explaining the pain. 2025-07-08T17:43:57Z ICOP number: 4.1.2.3.1 probable post-traumatic trigeminal neuropathic pain Post-traumatic trigeminal neuropathic pain without a diagnostic test confirmation of a lesion of the peripheral trieminal nerve explaining the pain. PMID:32103673 Unilateral or bilateral facial pain in the distribution(s) of one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve, indicative of neural damage and persisting or recurring for more than 3 months, but of unknown aetiology. 2025-07-08T17:45:22Z ICOP number: 4.1.2.5 idiopathic trigeminal neuropathic pain Unilateral or bilateral facial pain in the distribution(s) of one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve, indicative of neural damage and persisting or recurring for more than 3 months, but of unknown aetiology. PMID:32103673 A physical quality which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the number of the bearer's repetitive actions in a particular time. quality PATO:0000044 frequency A physical quality which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the number of the bearer's repetitive actions in a particular time. Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/frequency A quality of a single physical entity inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer's size or shape or structure. quality PATO:0000051 morphology A quality of a single physical entity inhering in the bearer by virtue of the bearer's size or shape or structure. PATOC:GVG A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's occurrence. PATO:0000156 PATO:0000158 temporal incidence quality PATO:0000057 occurrence A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's occurrence. PATOC:GVG A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting repetition of placement of its parts. PATO:0000132 PATO:0001565 distribution quality pattern PATO:0000060 spatial pattern A spatial quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting repetition of placement of its parts. PATOC:GVG A quality of an entity that is descriptive or observational, typically not represented numerically. quality PATO:0000068 TODO: define this or obsolete it and move children somewhere else. qualitative A quality of an entity that is descriptive or observational, typically not represented numerically. https://libguides.macalester.edu/c.php?g=527786&p=3608639 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470395/ A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the whether the bearer differs from normal or average. quality PATO:0000069 deviation (from_normal) A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the whether the bearer differs from normal or average. PATOC:GVG A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's relative position, shape, arrangements and connectivity of an organism's various parts; the pattern underlying its form. PATO:0001452 conformation relational structural quality quality PATO:0000141 structure A morphology quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's relative position, shape, arrangements and connectivity of an organism's various parts; the pattern underlying its form. PATOC:GVG conformation VT:1000738 A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's occurrence per unit time. quality PATO:0000161 rate A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's occurrence per unit time. PATOC:melissa A frequency which is relatively high. high frequency quality frequent PATO:0000380 increased frequency A frequency which is relatively high. PATOC:GVG A frequency which is relatively low. low frequency quality infrequent PATO:0000381 decreased frequency A frequency which is relatively low. PATOC:GVG A quality of a process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having a sudden onset, sharp rise, and short course. quality PATO:0000389 acute A quality of a process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having a sudden onset, sharp rise, and short course. dictionary:reference A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting no deviation from normal or average. quality average PATO:0000461 normal A quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's exhibiting no deviation from normal or average. PATOC:GVG A spatial pattern quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being confined or restricted to a particular location. focal localised quality PATO:0000627 localized A spatial pattern quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being confined or restricted to a particular location. WordNet:WordNet A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being uninterrupted in time, sequence, substance, or extent. PATO:0000429 uninterrupted quality PATO:0000689 continuous A quality of a single process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being uninterrupted in time, sequence, substance, or extent. thefreedictionary.com:thefreedictionary.com A rate which is relatively low. slow rate quality PATO:0000911 decreased rate A rate which is relatively low. PATO:GVG A rate which is relatively high. fast rate high rate quality PATO:0000912 increased rate A rate which is relatively high. PATO:GVG A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of whether the bearer has been harmed or injured or spoiled. quality PATO:0001020 damage A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of whether the bearer has been harmed or injured or spoiled. WordNet:WordNet A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer being harmed or injured or spoiled, such that its functionality is impaired. quality PATO:0001167 damaged A structural quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer being harmed or injured or spoiled, such that its functionality is impaired. WordNet:WordNet A quality which inheres in an process. PATO:0001239 PATO:0001240 quality of a process quality of occurrent quality of process relational quality of occurrent quality PATO:0001236 See comments of relational quality of a physical entity. process quality A quality which inheres in an process. PATOC:GVG A quality which inheres in a continuant. PATO:0001237 PATO:0001238 snap:Quality monadic quality of a continuant multiply inhering quality of a physical entity quality of a continuant quality of a single physical entity quality of an object quality of continuant monadic quality of an object monadic quality of continuant quality PATO:0001241 Relational qualities are qualities that hold between multiple entities. Normal (monadic) qualities such as the shape of a eyeball exist purely as a quality of that eyeball. A relational quality such as sensitivity to light is a quality of that eyeball (and connecting nervous system) as it relates to incoming light waves/particles. physical object quality A quality which inheres in a continuant. PATOC:GVG A process quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's magnitude of the temporal extent between the starting and ending point. PATO:0000081 period quality time PATO:0001309 duration A process quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's magnitude of the temporal extent between the starting and ending point. PATOC:mellybelly A quality of a process inhering in bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to respond to stimulation. sensitivity of occurrent quality PATO:0001457 sensitivity of a process A quality of a process inhering in bearer by virtue of the bearer's disposition to respond to stimulation. PATOC:GVG A sensitivity of a process which is higher than normal or average. high sensitivity of occurrent increased sensitivity of occurrent quality PATO:0001551 increased sensitivity of a process A sensitivity of a process which is higher than normal or average. PATO:GVG A sensitivity of a process which is lower than normal or average. decreased sensitivity of occurrent low sensitivity of occurrent quality PATO:0001552 decreased sensitivity of a process A sensitivity of a process which is lower than normal or average. PATO:GVG A spatial pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being spread out or scattered about or divided up. PATO:0001513 diffuse scattered quality PATO:0001566 distributed A spatial pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being spread out or scattered about or divided up. WordNet:WordNet A spatial pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being confined or restricted to multiple locations. multi-focal quality PATO:0001791 multi-localised A spatial pattern inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's being confined or restricted to multiple locations. PATOC:GVG A duration quality of a process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having slow progressive course of indefinite duration. quality PATO:0001863 chronic A duration quality of a process inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having slow progressive course of indefinite duration. PATOC:cjm 2009-06-05T09:16:46Z quality PATO:0002062 physical quality of a process A quality that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. 2011-06-16T06:39:43Z quality PATO:0002300 increased quality A quality that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. PATOC:GVG A quality that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average. 2011-06-16T06:40:15Z quality PATO:0002301 decreased quality A quality that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average. PATOC:GVG A quality of a process that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average. 2011-06-16T06:50:59Z quality PATO:0002302 decreased process quality A quality of a process that has a value that is decreased compared to normal or average. PATOC:GVG A quality of a process that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. 2011-06-16T06:53:08Z quality PATO:0002304 increased process quality A quality of a process that has a value that is increased compared to normal or average. PATOC:GVG A temporal distribution pattern of process occurrences within a regulation/reference process. 2011-11-22T01:12:28Z quality PATO:0002323 temporal distribution quality A temporal distribution pattern of process occurrences within a regulation/reference process. PATOC:LC Extremely acute and aggressive onset of a pathological process. 2012-09-15T02:57:46Z per-acute quality PATO:0002387 peracute Extremely acute and aggressive onset of a pathological process. PATOC:PNS A quality of duration having progressive course of indefinite duration with active, acute-like elements. 2012-12-17T10:59:58Z quality PATO:0002414 chronic-active A quality of duration having progressive course of indefinite duration with active, acute-like elements. PATOC:MPATH An occurrence quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having a course that occurs occasionally. 2014-05-26T06:50:16Z quality PATO:0002630 episodic An occurrence quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of the bearer's having a course that occurs occasionally. PATO:MAH The number of repeated events per unit time, occurring in a repeating series. (e.g. the number of heart beats occurring over 1 minute) quality PATO:0050000 rate of occurence The number of repeated events per unit time, occurring in a repeating series. (e.g. the number of heart beats occurring over 1 minute) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9943-9018 A rate of occurrence that is relatively high. 2020-08-19T09:23:19Z quality PATO:0055003 increased rate of occurrence A rate of occurrence that is relatively high. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4148-4606 A rate of occurrence that is relatively low. 2020-08-19T09:24:35Z quality PATO:0055004 decreased rate of occurrence A rate of occurrence that is relatively low. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4148-4606 Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. AAO:0010825 AEO:0000003 BILA:0000003 CARO:0000003 EHDAA2:0003003 EMAPA:0 FAO:0000001 FBbt:00007001 FMA:305751 FMA:67135 GAID:781 HAO:0000003 MA:0003000 MESH:D000825 SCTID:362889002 TAO:0000037 TGMA:0001823 VHOG:0001759 XAO:0003000 ZFA:0000037 http://dbpedia.org/ontology/AnatomicalStructure biological structure connected biological structure UBERON:0000061 anatomical structure anatomical structure Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome. CARO:0000003 FBbt:00007001 connected biological structure CARO:0000003 Anatomical structure that performs a specific function or group of functions [WP]. Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. CARO v1 does not include a generic 'organ' class, only simple and compound organ. CARO v2 may include organ, see https://github.com/obophenotype/caro/issues/4 BIRNLEX:4 CARO:0020004 EFO:0000634 EMAPA:35949 ENVO:01000162 FMA:67498 MA:0003001 NCIT:C13018 SCTID:272625005 UMLS:C0178784 WBbt:0003760 Wikipedia:Organ_(anatomy) anatomical unit body organ element UBERON:0000062 organ Anatomical structure that performs a specific function or group of functions [WP]. Wikipedia:Organ_(anatomy) Wikipedia Organs are commonly observed as visibly distinct structures, but may also exist as loosely associated clusters of cells that work together to perform a specific function or functions. GO:0048513 UMLS:C0178784 ncithesaurus:Organ element http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A multicellular structure that is a part of an organ. AAO:0011124 BIRNLEX:16 EFO:0000635 FMA:82472 SCTID:113343008 SCTID:91717005 cardinal organ part regional part of organ UBERON:0000064 organ part A multicellular structure that is a part of an organ. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 cardinal organ part FMA:82472 regional part of organ BIRNLEX:16 Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements and articular elements that are part of an individual subdivision of the organism. UBERON:0010322 FMA:85544 NCIT:C34076 SCTID:118966000 UMLS:C1519343 galen:ComplexSkeletalStructure skeletal system subdivision skeletal system part UBERON:0000075 subdivision of skeletal system Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements and articular elements that are part of an individual subdivision of the organism. UBERONREF:0000003 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 UMLS:C1519343 ncithesaurus:Skeletal_System_Part skeletal system subdivision FMA:85544 A fasciculated bundle of neuron projections (GO:0043005), largely or completely lacking synapses. UBERON:0005163 CARO:0001001 FBbt:00005099 NLX:147821 funiculus nerve fiber bundle neural fiber bundle UBERON:0000122 neuron projection bundle A fasciculated bundle of neuron projections (GO:0043005), largely or completely lacking synapses. CARO:0001001 FBbt:00005099 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 FBbt:00005099 nerve fiber bundle FBbt:00005099 The proximal portion of the digestive tract, containing the oral cavity and bounded by the oral opening. In vertebrates, this extends to the pharynx and includes gums, lips, tongue and parts of the palate. Typically also includes the teeth, except where these occur elsewhere (e.g. pharyngeal jaws) or protrude from the mouth (tusks). Cavity in which food is initially ingested and generally contains teeth, tongue and glands.[AAO] Molecular and developmental cell lineage data suggest that the acoel mouth opening is homologous to the mouth of protostomes and deuterostomes and that the last common ancestor of the Bilateria (the 'urbilaterian') had only this single digestive opening.[well established][VHOG] oral some AOs place this as developing from the stomodeum but we weaken this to developmental contribution, as the mouth includes non-ectodermal derivatives in FMA, the tongue, palate etc are part of the mouth which is itself a subdivision of the face. ZFA includes a separate class 'oral region' which is part of the mouth, but excludes tongue and lips AAO:0010355 BTO:0001090 BTO:0004698 CALOHA:TS-1315 EFO:0000825 EHDAA2:0001326 EHDAA:542 EMAPA:16262 FBbt:00003126 FMA:49184 GAID:75 MA:0000341 MA:0002474 MAT:0000038 MESH:D009055 MIAA:0000038 SCTID:21082005 TADS:0000040 TAO:0000547 TAO:0000590 TGMA:0000131 VHOG:0000280 VHOG:0000812 Wikipedia:Mouth XAO:0003029 ZFA:0000547 ZFA:0000590 galen:Mouth http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/uberon/images/lamprey_sucker_rosava_3238889218.jpg regio oralis adult mouth cavital oralis cavitas oris cavum oris mouth cavity oral region oral vestibule rima oris stoma stomatodaeum trophic apparatus vestibule of mouth vestibulum oris UBERON:0000165 mouth https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/661 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Mouth_illustration-Otis_Archives.jpg https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/mouth-female/v1.0/assets/3d-vh-f-mouth.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/mouth-male/v1.0/assets/3d-vh-m-mouth.glb The proximal portion of the digestive tract, containing the oral cavity and bounded by the oral opening. In vertebrates, this extends to the pharynx and includes gums, lips, tongue and parts of the palate. Typically also includes the teeth, except where these occur elsewhere (e.g. pharyngeal jaws) or protrude from the mouth (tusks). Wikipedia:Mouth https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/wiki/The-digestive-tract Cavity in which food is initially ingested and generally contains teeth, tongue and glands.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0010355 AAO AAO:BJB Molecular and developmental cell lineage data suggest that the acoel mouth opening is homologous to the mouth of protostomes and deuterostomes and that the last common ancestor of the Bilateria (the 'urbilaterian') had only this single digestive opening.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000812 VHOG DOI:10.1038/nature07309 Hejnol A, Martindale MQ, Acoel development indicates the independent evolution of the bilaterian mouth and anus. Nature (2008) http://bgee.unil.ch/ in FMA, the tongue, palate etc are part of the mouth which is itself a subdivision of the face. ZFA includes a separate class 'oral region' which is part of the mouth, but excludes tongue and lips FMA FBbt:00003126 regio oralis BTO:0004698 FMA:49184 FMA:TA cavital oralis Wikipedia:Mouth cavitas oris BTO:0001090 cavum oris BTO:0001090 mouth cavity BTO:0001090 oral region EHDAA2:0001326 oral vestibule BTO:0001090 rima oris BTO:0001090 stomatodaeum VHOG:0000812 trophic apparatus http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 vestibule of mouth BTO:0001090 vestibulum oris BTO:0001090 Dense regular connective tissue connecting two or more adjacent skeletal elements or supporting an organ. Nonparenchymatous organ that primarily consists of dense connective tissue aggregated into fasciculi by connective tissue. Examples: sutural ligament, radiate sternocostal ligament, ligament of liver, ovarian ligament[FMA][FMA:21496]. Portion of connective tissue that connects bone or cartilage.[TAO] Compared with their Ediacarian predecessor, Cambrian animals in general were characterized by their much stouter bodies. The stoutness of the body is likely due to the formation of ligaments and tendons, which in turn requires the crosslinking of collagen triple helices.[well established][VHOG] this groups both skeletal and non-skeletal ligaments. What is called a 'ligament' in many AOs is actually a skeletal ligament CALOHA:TS-2145 EFO:0001966 EMAPA:35493 FMA:21496 FMA:30319 MA:0000113 MESH:D008022 NCIT:C13046 SCTID:182358004 TAO:0001682 UMLS:C0023685 VHOG:0001272 Wikipedia:Ligament XAO:0004031 ZFA:0001675 galen:Ligament ligament organ UBERON:0000211 ligament https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Knee_diagram.svg Compared with their Ediacarian predecessor, Cambrian animals in general were characterized by their much stouter bodies. The stoutness of the body is likely due to the formation of ligaments and tendons, which in turn requires the crosslinking of collagen triple helices.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0001272 VHOG PMID:8710894 Ohno S, The notion of the Cambrian pananimalia genome. PNAS (1996) http://bgee.unil.ch/ UMLS:C0023685 ncithesaurus:Ligament ligament organ FMA:21496 Dense regular connective tissue connecting two or more adjacent skeletal elements or supporting an organ. GO_REF:0000034 VSAO:0000073 http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 Nonparenchymatous organ that primarily consists of dense connective tissue aggregated into fasciculi by connective tissue. Examples: sutural ligament, radiate sternocostal ligament, ligament of liver, ovarian ligament[FMA][FMA:21496]. FMA:21496 Portion of connective tissue that connects bone or cartilage.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0001682 TAO TAO:wd A lining of mostly endodermal origin, covered in epithelium, which is involved in absorption and secretion. They line various body cavities that are exposed to the external environment and internal organs. It is at several places continuous with skin: at the nostrils, the lips, the ears, the genital area, and the anus. The sticky, thick fluid secreted by the mucous membranes and gland is termed mucus. The term mucous membrane refers to where they are found in the body and not every mucous membrane secretes mucus[WP]. mucosal FMA has mucosa vs region of mucosa; these are subtypes of Mucosa: Mucosa of gallbladder, tongue, .... The following are subtypes of Region of mucosa: Mucosa of zone of stomach, trachea, bronchus, dorsum of tongue.... Depends on whether the covered area is an organ or organ component. Uberon does not regard organ vs organ component as crucial distinction and thus collapses these into a single class deliberately AEO:0000199 BTO:0000886 CALOHA:TS-2031 EHDAA2_RETIRED:0003234 EV:0100382 FMA:85355 FMA:85358 GAID:297 MESH:D009092 NCIT:C13166 SCTID:361693009 UMLS:C0026724 Wikipedia:Mucous_membrane galen:Mucosa mucosa of organ mucosa of organ part mucosal region mucous membrane organ mucosa region of mucosa tunica mucosa UBERON:0000344 mucosa http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Ens.png http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4e/Ens.png/200px-Ens.png A lining of mostly endodermal origin, covered in epithelium, which is involved in absorption and secretion. They line various body cavities that are exposed to the external environment and internal organs. It is at several places continuous with skin: at the nostrils, the lips, the ears, the genital area, and the anus. The sticky, thick fluid secreted by the mucous membranes and gland is termed mucus. The term mucous membrane refers to where they are found in the body and not every mucous membrane secretes mucus[WP]. Wikipedia:Mucous_membrane FMA has mucosa vs region of mucosa; these are subtypes of Mucosa: Mucosa of gallbladder, tongue, .... The following are subtypes of Region of mucosa: Mucosa of zone of stomach, trachea, bronchus, dorsum of tongue.... Depends on whether the covered area is an organ or organ component. Uberon does not regard organ vs organ component as crucial distinction and thus collapses these into a single class deliberately FMA UMLS:C0026724 ncithesaurus:Mucosa mucosa of organ FMA:85355 mucosa of organ part FMA:85358 mucosal region FMA:85358 mucous membrane FMA:85355 organ mucosa FMA:85355 region of mucosa FMA:85358 tunica mucosa BTO:0000886 Wikipedia:Mucous_membrane Anatomical entity that has mass. AAO:0010264 AEO:0000006 BILA:0000006 CARO:0000006 EHDAA2:0003006 FBbt:00007016 FMA:67165 HAO:0000006 TAO:0001836 TGMA:0001826 VHOG:0001721 UBERON:0000465 material anatomical entity material anatomical entity Anatomical entity that has mass. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 FBbt:00007016 Multicellular, connected anatomical structure that has multiple organs as parts and whose parts work together to achieve some shared function. system AAO:0000007 AEO:0000011 BILA:0000011 BIRNLEX:14 BSA:0000049 CALOHA:TS-2088 CARO:0000011 EHDAA2:0003011 EHDAA:392 EMAPA:16103 EV:0100000 FBbt:00004856 FMA:7149 HAO:0000011 IDOMAL:0002460 MA:0000003 NCIT:C12919 SCTID:278195005 TAO:0001439 TGMA:0001831 UMLS:C0460002 VHOG:0001725 WBbt:0005746 WBbt:0005763 Wikipedia:Organ_system XAO:0003002 ZFA:0001439 galen:AnatomicalSystem body system connected anatomical system organ system anatomical systems UBERON:0000467 anatomical system Multicellular, connected anatomical structure that has multiple organs as parts and whose parts work together to achieve some shared function. CARO:0000011 system GO:0048731 FBbt:00004856 IDOMAL:0002460 UMLS:C0460002 ncithesaurus:Organ_System body system BIRNLEX:14 connected anatomical system CARO:0000011 anatomical systems ZFA:0001439 Anatomical structure which is a subdivision of a whole organism, consisting of components of multiple anatomical systems, largely surrounded by a contiguous region of integument. AAO:0010053 AEO:0000032 BILA:0000032 BIRNLEX:7 CALOHA:TS-2084 CARO:0000032 EFO:0000808 EHDAA2:0003032 EMAPA:36031 FBbt:00007009 FMA:7153 HAO:0000032 MA:0002433 MAT:0000293 MESH:D001829 MIAA:0000293 NCIT:C32221 TAO:0001308 TGMA:0001840 UMLS:C0229962 VHOG:0001758 Wikipedia:Body_part XAO:0003013 ZFA:0001308 galen:BodyPart anatomic region body part body region cardinal body part UBERON:0000475 organism subdivision Anatomical structure which is a subdivision of a whole organism, consisting of components of multiple anatomical systems, largely surrounded by a contiguous region of integument. CARO:0000032 http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7073-9172 FBbt:00007009 UMLS:C0229962 ncithesaurus:Body_Part anatomic region MA:0002433 body region FMA:7153 cardinal body part FMA:7153 Multicellular anatomical structure that consists of many cells of one or a few types, arranged in an extracellular matrix such that their long-range organisation is at least partly a repetition of their short-range organisation. AAO:0000607 AAO:0010054 AEO:0000043 BILA:0000043 BIRNLEX:19 CALOHA:TS-2090 CARO:0000043 EHDAA2:0003043 EMAPA:35868 FBbt:00007003 FMA:9637 HAO:0000043 MA:0003002 MESH:D014024 NCIT:C12801 TAO:0001477 TGMA:0001844 UMLS:C0040300 VHOG:0001757 WBbt:0005729 XAO:0003040 ZFA:0001477 galen:Tissue portion of tissue tissue portion simple tissue UBERON:0000479 tissue Multicellular anatomical structure that consists of many cells of one or a few types, arranged in an extracellular matrix such that their long-range organisation is at least partly a repetition of their short-range organisation. CARO:0000043 FBbt:00007003 UMLS:C0040300 ncithesaurus:Tissue portion of tissue CARO:0000043 simple tissue AEO:0000043 The subdivision of the vertebrate body between the thorax and pelvis. The ventral part of the abdomen contains the abdominal cavity and visceral organs. The dorsal part includes the abdominal section of the vertebral column. abdominal celiac BTO:0000020 CALOHA:TS-0001 EFO:0000968 EMAPA:35102 EV:0100011 FMA:9577 GAID:16 MA:0000029 MAT:0000298 MESH:D000005 MIAA:0000298 SCTID:302553009 Wikipedia:Abdomen galen:Abdomen abdominopelvic region abdominopelvis adult abdomen belly celiac region UBERON:0000916 abdomen The subdivision of the vertebrate body between the thorax and pelvis. The ventral part of the abdomen contains the abdominal cavity and visceral organs. The dorsal part includes the abdominal section of the vertebral column. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 abdominopelvic region FMA:9577 abdominopelvis FMA:9577 An organism subdivision that extends from the head to the pectoral girdle, encompassing the cervical vertebral column. cervical AEO:0000108 BTO:0000420 CALOHA:TS-2045 EFO:0000967 EHDAA2:0003108 EMAPA:35587 FMA:7155 GAID:86 MA:0000024 MAT:0000297 MESH:D009333 MIAA:0000297 NCIT:C13063 SCTID:302550007 UMLS:C0027530 Wikipedia:Neck galen:Neck collum neck (volume) UBERON:0000974 neck https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Female_neck.jpg An organism subdivision that extends from the head to the pectoral girdle, encompassing the cervical vertebral column. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 ISBN:9780674021839 UMLS:C0027530 ncithesaurus:Neck collum Wikipedia:Neck neck (volume) FMA:7155 The portion of the hindlimb that contains both the stylopod and zeugopod. Most anatomists now agree that the three proximal bones of the tetrapod limbs are homologous to the two or three proximal elements of the paired fin skeleton of other sarcopterygians, that is the humerus-femur, radius-tibia, and ulna-fibula.[well established][VHOG] The term leg can mean: [1] an appendage on which an animal walks [2] the entire hindlimb of a tetrapod [3] the segment of a human leg between knee and ankle (cf FMA) [4] the region of a hindlimb include the stylopod and zeugopod, but excluding the autopod. We define this class as [4], and thus 'leg' is compltely analagous to 'arm'. For [1], see the class 'locomotive weight-bearing appendage'. For [2] we use 'hindlimb'. For BTO:0000721 CALOHA:TS-2206 EFO:0001411 EHDAA2:0000972 EHDAA:5151 EHDAA:6176 EHDAA:8289 EMAPA:17489 GAID:49 MA:0000047 MESH:D035002 VHOG:0000345 Wikipedia:Leg#Limb tetrapod leg lower extremity UBERON:0000978 we use the less open to misinterpretation 'hindlimb zeugopod'. Editor note: currently declared as overlapping foot, as AOs disagree over whether some ankle parts are in the leg or foot leg The portion of the hindlimb that contains both the stylopod and zeugopod. Wikipedia:Leg#Limb Most anatomists now agree that the three proximal bones of the tetrapod limbs are homologous to the two or three proximal elements of the paired fin skeleton of other sarcopterygians, that is the humerus-femur, radius-tibia, and ulna-fibula.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000345 VHOG ISBN:978-0198540472 Janvier P, Early vertebrates (1996) p.268 http://bgee.unil.ch/ The term leg can mean: [1] an appendage on which an animal walks [2] the entire hindlimb of a tetrapod [3] the segment of a human leg between knee and ankle (cf FMA) [4] the region of a hindlimb include the stylopod and zeugopod, but excluding the autopod. We define this class as [4], and thus 'leg' is compltely analagous to 'arm'. For [1], see the class 'locomotive weight-bearing appendage'. For [2] we use 'hindlimb'. For 3 lower extremity MESH:A01.378.610 Anatomical structure that consists of two or more adjacent skeletal structures, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue[VSAO]. Anatomical cluster that consists of two or more adjacent bones or cartilages, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue.[VSAO] Anatomical cluster which consists of two or more adjacent bones or cartilages, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue.[TAO] articulation joint AEO:0000182 BTO:0001686 CALOHA:TS-2023 EFO:0000948 EMAPA:35456 FMA:7490 GAID:102 MA:0000319 MAT:0000188 MESH:D007596 MIAA:0000188 NCIT:C13044 RETIRED_EHDAA2:0003182 SCTID:302536002 TAO:0000367 UMLS:C0022417 VHOG:0001276 VSAO:0000101 Wikipedia:Joint XAO:0000171 ZFA:0001596 galen:Joint articular joint joints UBERON:0000982 skeletal joint Anatomical structure that consists of two or more adjacent skeletal structures, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue[VSAO]. GO_REF:0000034 VSAO:0000101 Wikipedia:Joint http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 Anatomical cluster that consists of two or more adjacent bones or cartilages, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue.[VSAO] 2012-08-14 VSAO:0000101 VSAO PSPUB:0000170 Anatomical cluster which consists of two or more adjacent bones or cartilages, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0000367 TAO TAO:pem articulation VSAO:0000101 joint FMA:7490 VSAO:0000101 UMLS:C0022417 ncithesaurus:Joint articular joint BTO:0001686 joints ZFA:0001596 A subdivision of the muscular system corresponding to a subdisivision of an organism. In FMA this is classified as a set of organs. ZFA musculature system has subtypes, so it is classified here. WBbt muscular system has subtypes so it goes here. Note that we use the MA term set of skeletal muscles here as it seems most appropriate (*not* MA:musculature). AAO is generally confused here. BTO:0000887 EFO:0001949 EMAPA:35577 FMA:32558 MA:0000165 NCIT:C13056 TAO:0000548 UMLS:C0026845 VSAO:0005038 WBbt:0005737 Wikipedia:Muscular_system ZFA:0000548 muscle group muscles set musculature musculi set of muscles set of skeletal muscles muscle system muscles musculature system UBERON:0001015 musculature http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/Muscles_anterior_labeled.png A subdivision of the muscular system corresponding to a subdisivision of an organism. Wikipedia:Muscular_system https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 In FMA this is classified as a set of organs. ZFA musculature system has subtypes, so it is classified here. WBbt muscular system has subtypes so it goes here. Note that we use the MA term set of skeletal muscles here as it seems most appropriate (*not* MA:musculature). AAO is generally confused here. FMA UMLS:C0026845 ncithesaurus:Muscle musculi FMA:32558 FMA:TA set of muscles FMA:32558 set of skeletal muscles MA:0000165 An enclosed, cable-like bundle of axons in the peripheral nervous system originating in a nerve root in the central nervous system (or a condensed nervous structure) connecting with peripheral structures. A portion of tissue which is a fasiculated group of axons.[TAO] nervous AAO:0011070 AEO:0000137 BAMS:n BIRNLEX:1615 BSA:0000098 BTO:0000925 BTO:0001027 CALOHA:TS-0772 EHDAA2:0003137 EHDAA:2851 EHDAA:3776 EHDAA:4657 EMAPA:32808 EMAPA:32815 EV:0100371 FBbt:00005105 FMA:65132 FMA:65239 GAID:747 GAID:758 MA:0000217 MA:0000228 MESH:D010525 NCIT:C12466 NCIT:C12768 NLX:147826 SCTID:244457007 SCTID:256864008 TAO:0007009 UMLS:C0027740 UMLS:C0031119 VHOG:0000901 Wikipedia:Nervous_system XAO:0000204 XAO:0003047 ZFA:0007009 galen:Nerve nerves peripheral nerve neural subtree UBERON:0001021 nerve An enclosed, cable-like bundle of axons in the peripheral nervous system originating in a nerve root in the central nervous system (or a condensed nervous structure) connecting with peripheral structures. FBbt:00005105 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A portion of tissue which is a fasiculated group of axons.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0007009 TAO ZFIN:curator FBbt:00005105 UMLS:C0027740 ncithesaurus:Nerve UMLS:C0031119 ncithesaurus:Peripheral_Nerve nerves TAO:0007009 peripheral nerve http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 neural subtree FMA:65132 Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species. AAO:0010841 AEO:0000000 BFO:0000004 BILA:0000000 BIRNLEX:6 CARO:0000000 EHDAA2:0002229 FBbt:10000000 FMA:62955 HAO:0000000 MA:0000001 NCIT:C12219 TAO:0100000 TGMA:0001822 UMLS:C1515976 WBbt:0000100 XAO:0000000 ZFA:0100000 UBERON:0001062 anatomical entity anatomical entity Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species. FMA:62955 http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737 FBbt:10000000 UMLS:C1515976 ncithesaurus:Anatomic_Structure_System_or_Substance A major subdivision of an organism that is the entire part of the organism dorsal to a horizontal plane and bounded on one side by the same transverse plane. In vertebrares this includes the vertebral column.. dorsal In humans, called the back, a large posterior area of the human body, rising from the top of the buttocks to the back of the neck and the shoulders. It is the surface opposite to the chest, its height being defined by the vertebral column (commonly referred to as the spine or backbone) and its breadth being supported by the ribcage and shoulders. The spinal canal runs through the spine and provides nerves to the rest of the body BTO:0001713 CALOHA:TS-2223 EFO:0001405 FMA:14181 GAID:30 MESH:D001415 NCIT:C13062 SCTID:123961009 UMLS:C0004600 Wikipedia:Dorsum_(anatomy) galen:Back back back of body proper dorsal part of organism UBERON:0001137 dorsum http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/432px-Gray-back.PNG A major subdivision of an organism that is the entire part of the organism dorsal to a horizontal plane and bounded on one side by the same transverse plane. In vertebrares this includes the vertebral column.. BSPO:0000063 UBERONREF:0000006 Wikipedia:Dorsum_(anatomy) UMLS:C0004600 ncithesaurus:Back back FMA:14181 back of body proper FMA:14181 Subdivision of trunk proper, which is demarcated from the neck by the plane of the superior thoracic aperture and from the abdomen internally by the inferior surface of the diaphragm and externally by the costal margin and associated with the thoracic vertebral column and ribcage and from the back of the thorax by the external surface of the posterolateral part of the rib cage, the anterior surface of the thoracic vertebral column and the posterior axillary lines; together with the abdomen and the perineum, it constitutes the trunk proper[FMA]. pectoral thoracic BTO:0001368 CALOHA:TS-1039 EFO:0000965 EMAPA:37232 EV:0100010 FMA:9576 GAID:91 MA:0000031 MAT:0000295 MESH:D013909 MIAA:0000295 NCIT:C12799 NCIT:C25389 UMLS:C0817096 UMLS:C1527391 Wikipedia:Chest galen:Chest galen:Thorax anterolateral part of thorax front of thorax pectus ventral part of thoracic region thoracic body wall thorax UBERON:0001443 chest http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/db/Chest.jpg Subdivision of trunk proper, which is demarcated from the neck by the plane of the superior thoracic aperture and from the abdomen internally by the inferior surface of the diaphragm and externally by the costal margin and associated with the thoracic vertebral column and ribcage and from the back of the thorax by the external surface of the posterolateral part of the rib cage, the anterior surface of the thoracic vertebral column and the posterior axillary lines; together with the abdomen and the perineum, it constitutes the trunk proper[FMA]. FMA:9576 Wikipedia:Chest EMAPA:37232 MA:th UMLS:C0817096 ncithesaurus:Thorax UMLS:C1527391 ncithesaurus:Chest pectus FMA:24816 FMA:TA thoracic body wall MA:0000031 thorax FMA:9576 Wikipedia:Chest FMA:24218 SCTID:123852005 XAO:0000040 head subdivision head region region of head UBERON:0001444 subdivision of head A subdivision of the head that has as parts the layers deep to the surface of the anterior surface, including the mouth, eyes, and nose (when present). In vertebrates, this includes the facial skeleton and structures superficial to the facial skeleton (cheeks, mouth, eyeballs, skin of face, etc). Subdivision of head which consists of the viscerocranium and all layers superficial to it. Examples: There is only one face. The area that extends from the median ocellus to the oral foramen[HAO]. facial The face develops from outward growth of tissue located rostral to the cranium & pharynx. The lower jaw and most of the upper jaw are formed by growth of the first pharyngeal (branchial) arch. The upper incisor region and the nose and forehead (frontal region) are formed from tissue located rostral to the neural tube (frontonasal prominence) BTO:0003369 CALOHA:TS-2216 EMAPA:32763 FMA:24728 GAID:64 HAO:0000316 MA:0002473 MESH:D005145 NCIT:C13071 SCTID:302549007 UMLS:C0015450 Wikipedia:Face galen:Face facia/facies visage UBERON:0001456 face http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Mona_Lisa_headcrop.jpg A subdivision of the head that has as parts the layers deep to the surface of the anterior surface, including the mouth, eyes, and nose (when present). In vertebrates, this includes the facial skeleton and structures superficial to the facial skeleton (cheeks, mouth, eyeballs, skin of face, etc). http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Subdivision of head which consists of the viscerocranium and all layers superficial to it. Examples: There is only one face. FMA:24728 The area that extends from the median ocellus to the oral foramen[HAO]. HAO:0000316 http://api.hymao.org/api/ref/67791 NCBITaxon:7399 The face develops from outward growth of tissue located rostral to the cranium & pharynx. The lower jaw and most of the upper jaw are formed by growth of the first pharyngeal (branchial) arch. The upper incisor region and the nose and forehead (frontal region) are formed from tissue located rostral to the neural tube (frontonasal prominence) vanat.cvm.umn.edu/TFFlectPDFs/LectFaceDevelop.pdf UMLS:C0015450 ncithesaurus:Face facia/facies Wikipedia:Face visage BTO:0003369 The part of the forelimb extending from the shoulder to the autopod[cjm]. Most anatomists now agree that the three proximal bones of the tetrapod limbs are homologous to the two or three proximal elements of the paired fin skeleton of other sarcopterygians, that is the humerus-femur, radius-tibia, and ulna-fibula.[well established][VHOG] BTO:0001435 CALOHA:TS-2204 EFO:0001410 EHDAA2:0000140 EHDAA:4164 EHDAA:6210 EHDAA:8275 EMAPA:17413 GAID:52 MA:0000033 MESH:D001132 VHOG:0000339 Wikipedia:Arm brachium upper extremity UBERON:0001460 arm http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ee/Upperarm.jpg The part of the forelimb extending from the shoulder to the autopod[cjm]. Wikipedia:Arm Most anatomists now agree that the three proximal bones of the tetrapod limbs are homologous to the two or three proximal elements of the paired fin skeleton of other sarcopterygians, that is the humerus-femur, radius-tibia, and ulna-fibula.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000339 VHOG ISBN:978-0198540472 Janvier P, Early vertebrates (1996) p.268 http://bgee.unil.ch/ brachium Wikipedia:Arm upper extremity MESH:A01.378.800 The elbow is the region surrounding the elbow-joint-the ginglymus or hinge joint in the middle of the arm. Three bones form the elbow joint: the humerus of the upper arm, and the paired radius and ulna of the forearm. The bony prominence at the very tip of the elbow is the olecranon process of the ulna, and the inner aspect of the elbow is called the antecubital fossa. [WP,unvetted,human-specific]. cubital Naming conventions for pod terms under discussion within phenoscape group CALOHA:TS-2222 EFO:0003069 EHDAA2:0000429 EHDAA:4166 EHDAA:6212 EMAPA:17414 FMA:24901 GAID:54 MA:0000036 MESH:D004550 SCTID:76248009 VHOG:0000340 Wikipedia:Elbow galen:Elbow cubital region elbow limb segment elbow region articulatio cubiti UBERON:0001461 elbow https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Elbow_coude.JPG The elbow is the region surrounding the elbow-joint-the ginglymus or hinge joint in the middle of the arm. Three bones form the elbow joint: the humerus of the upper arm, and the paired radius and ulna of the forearm. The bony prominence at the very tip of the elbow is the olecranon process of the ulna, and the inner aspect of the elbow is called the antecubital fossa. [WP,unvetted,human-specific]. Wikipedia:Elbow articulatio cubiti Wikipedia:Elbow The hip region is located lateral to the gluteal region (i.e. the buttock), inferior to the iliac crest, and overlying the greater trochanter of the thigh bone. In adults, three of the bones of the pelvis have fused into the hip bone which forms part of the hip region. The hip joint, scientifically referred to as the acetabulofemoral joint (art. coxae), is the joint between the femur and acetabulum of the pelvis and its primary function is to support the weight of the body in both static (e.g. standing) and dynamic (e.g. walking or running) postures. [WP,modified]. The pelvic girdle is never joined by contributions of dermal bone. From its first appearance in placoderms, the pelvic girdle is exclusively endoskeletal. It arose from pterygiophores, perhaps several times, in support of the fin.[well established][VHOG] coxal See notes for shoulder. in BTO this is part of the abdomen - this creates an inconsistency if limb and abdomen are spatially disjoint BTO:0001457 CALOHA:TS-2226 EFO:0001929 EHDAA2:0000783 EHDAA:5153 EHDAA:6178 EMAPA:17490 FMA:24964 GAID:47 MA:0000045 MESH:D006615 NCIT:C64193 SCTID:302543008 UMLS:C0019552 VHOG:0000346 Wikipedia:Hip galen:Hip hip region regio coxae coxa UBERON:0001464 hip http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9f/Hip.jpg The hip region is located lateral to the gluteal region (i.e. the buttock), inferior to the iliac crest, and overlying the greater trochanter of the thigh bone. In adults, three of the bones of the pelvis have fused into the hip bone which forms part of the hip region. The hip joint, scientifically referred to as the acetabulofemoral joint (art. coxae), is the joint between the femur and acetabulum of the pelvis and its primary function is to support the weight of the body in both static (e.g. standing) and dynamic (e.g. walking or running) postures. [WP,modified]. Wikipedia:Hip The pelvic girdle is never joined by contributions of dermal bone. From its first appearance in placoderms, the pelvic girdle is exclusively endoskeletal. It arose from pterygiophores, perhaps several times, in support of the fin.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000346 VHOG ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.333 http://bgee.unil.ch/ See notes for shoulder. in BTO this is part of the abdomen - this creates an inconsistency if limb and abdomen are spatially disjoint BTO UMLS:C0019552 ncithesaurus:Hip hip region FMA:24964 regio coxae FMA:24964 coxa Wikipedia:Hip A segment of the hindlimb that corresponds to the joint connecting a hindlimb stylopod and zeugopod. BTO:0003595 CALOHA:TS-2220 EHDAA2:0000895 EHDAA:5159 EHDAA:6184 EMAPA:17493 FMA:24974 GAID:48 MA:0000046 MESH:D007717 SCTID:361291001 VHOG:0000347 galen:Knee knee region UBERON:0001465 knee http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Male_Knee_by_David_Shankbone.jpg A segment of the hindlimb that corresponds to the joint connecting a hindlimb stylopod and zeugopod. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A digit that is part of a pes (foot). UBERON:0000027 AAO:0000888 BTO:0002348 EMAPA:32649 FMA:25046 GAID:44 MA:0000048 NCIT:C33788 SCTID:116667001 UMLS:C0040357 Wikipedia:Toe XAO:0003035 galen:Toe digit of foot digit of terminal segment of lower limb digiti pedis digitus pedis foot digit hind digit hind_digit hindlimb digit pedal digit (phalangeal portion) plus soft tissue pes digit toe digiti pedis digitipedis UBERON:0001466 pedal digit http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5e/Toes.jpg A digit that is part of a pes (foot). https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 UMLS:C0040357 ncithesaurus:Toe digit of terminal segment of lower limb OBOL:automatic digiti pedis FMA:70664 FMA:TA foot digit MA:0000048 hind digit XAO:0003035 hind_digit AAO:0000888 pedal digit (phalangeal portion) plus soft tissue http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 toe FMA:25046 digiti pedis Wikipedia:Toe digitipedis BTO:0002348 A subdivision of the pectoral complex consisting of the structures in the region of the shoulder joint (which connects the humerus, scapula and clavicle). (...) endochondral elements of the early tetrapod shoulder develop from two centers of ossification, giving rise to a scapula and a 'coracoid'.[well established][VHOG] In FMA, the shoulder is part of the pectoral girdle region. in MA, shoulder structures like shoulder joints, bones, nerves etc are part of the shoulder and the forelimb. E.g. humerus is a shoulder bone CALOHA:TS-2229 EFO:0003068 EHDAA2:0001834 EHDAA:4180 EHDAA:6228 EMAPA:17421 FMA:25202 GAID:60 MA:0000038 MESH:D012782 NCIT:C25203 SCTID:361103004 UMLS:C0037004 VHOG:0000342 Wikipedia:Shoulder galen:Shoulder shoulder region articulatio humeri UBERON:0001467 shoulder http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/Shoulderjoint.PNG A subdivision of the pectoral complex consisting of the structures in the region of the shoulder joint (which connects the humerus, scapula and clavicle). http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 (...) endochondral elements of the early tetrapod shoulder develop from two centers of ossification, giving rise to a scapula and a 'coracoid'.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000342 VHOG ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.332 http://bgee.unil.ch/ In FMA, the shoulder is part of the pectoral girdle region. in MA, shoulder structures like shoulder joints, bones, nerves etc are part of the shoulder and the forelimb. E.g. humerus is a shoulder bone FMA UMLS:C0037004 ncithesaurus:Shoulder articulatio humeri Wikipedia:Shoulder Skeletal element that is composed of bone tissue. Also called osseous tissue, (Latin: os). Is a type of hard endoskeletal connective tissue found in many vertebrate animals. Bone is the main tissue of body organs that support body structures, protect internal organs, (in conjunction with muscles) facilitate movement; and are involved with cell formation, calcium metabolism, and mineral storage.[AAO] Portion of tissue which is calcified connective tissue making up the structural elements of the skeletal system.[TAO] Skeletal element that is composed of bone tissue.[VSAO] relationship loss: subclass specialized connective tissue (AAO:0000571)[AAO] The 'new animal phylogeny' reveals that many of the groups known to biomineralize sit among close relatives that do not, and it favours an interpretation of convergent or parallel evolution for biomineralization in animals. (...) Whether this 'biomineralization toolkit'of genes reflects a parallel co-option of a common suite of genes or the inheritance of a skeletogenic gene regulatory network from a biomineralizing common ancestor remains an open debate.[debated][VHOG] AAO:0000047 AEO:0000082 BTO:0000140 CALOHA:TS-0088 EFO:0000298 EHDAA2:0003082 EMAPA:32782 ENVO:00002039 EV:0100140 FMA:30317 FMA:5018 GAID:92 MA:0001459 MAT:0000299 MIAA:0000299 NCIT:C12366 SCTID:90780006 TAO:0001514 UMLS:C0262950 VHOG:0001190 VSAO:0000057 Wikipedia:Bone XAO:0000169 ZFA:0001514 galen:Bone bone organ bone bones UBERON:0001474 bone element Skeletal element that is composed of bone tissue. GO_REF:0000034 PSPUB:0000170 VSAO:0000057 http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/277 Also called osseous tissue, (Latin: os). Is a type of hard endoskeletal connective tissue found in many vertebrate animals. Bone is the main tissue of body organs that support body structures, protect internal organs, (in conjunction with muscles) facilitate movement; and are involved with cell formation, calcium metabolism, and mineral storage.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0000047 AAO AAO:LAP Portion of tissue which is calcified connective tissue making up the structural elements of the skeletal system.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0001514 TAO ZFIN:curator Skeletal element that is composed of bone tissue.[VSAO] 2012-08-14 VSAO:0000057 VSAO PSPUB:0000170 relationship loss: subclass specialized connective tissue (AAO:0000571)[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0000047 AAO The 'new animal phylogeny' reveals that many of the groups known to biomineralize sit among close relatives that do not, and it favours an interpretation of convergent or parallel evolution for biomineralization in animals. (...) Whether this 'biomineralization toolkit'of genes reflects a parallel co-option of a common suite of genes or the inheritance of a skeletogenic gene regulatory network from a biomineralizing common ancestor remains an open debate.[debated][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0001190 VHOG DOI:10.1159/000324245 Murdock DJ, Donoghue PC, Evolutionary Origins of Animal Skeletal Biomineralization. Cells Tissues Organs (2011) http://bgee.unil.ch/ UMLS:C0262950 ncithesaurus:Bone bone organ FMA:5018 bone AEO:0000082 BTO:0000140 MA:0001459 VHOG:0001190 bones ZFA:0001514 Cranial nerve that has three branches - the ophthalmic (supplying the skin of the nose and upper jaw), the maxillary and the mandibular (supplying the lower jaw). Nerve consists of motor and sensory components. Ganglion cells of the sensory component form the proximal part of the trigeminal (Gasserian) ganglion. From the ganglion 3 major rami innervate jaws, snout, and buccal roof.[AAO] We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (5) cranial nerves (...) (reference 1); Phylogenetically, the cranial nerves are thought to have evolved from dorsal and ventral nerves of a few anterior spinal nerves that became incorporated into the braincase. Dorsal and ventral nerves fuse in the trunk but not in the head, and they produce two series: dorsal cranial nerves (V, VII, IX, and X) and ventral cranial nerves (III, IV, VI, and XIII) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] the ophthalmic usually usually merges with the other two. In some vertebrates, the ophthalmic emerges from the brain separately[Kardong] The trigeminal nerve has 3 branches in mammals - similar branches are present in nonmammalian vertebrates, but in some a separate profundus nerve that corresponds to opthalmic branch in mammls 5n AAO:0010470 BAMS:5n BAMS:Vn BAMS:nV BIRNLEX:869 BM:VN BTO:0001072 EFO:0001402 EHDAA2:0002084 EHDAA:3738 EMAPA:17576 FMA:50866 GAID:726 MA:0001100 MBA:901 MESH:D014276 MFMO:0000093 NCIT:C12806 SCTID:362459002 TAO:0000697 UMLS:C0040996 VHOG:0000704 Wikipedia:Trigeminal_nerve XAO:0003092 ZFA:0000697 neuronames:549 fifth cranial nerve nervus trigeminus nervus trigeminus [v] trigeminal V trigeminal nerve [V] trigeminal nerve tree trigeminal v nerve CN-V cranial nerve V nerve V nervus trigeminus trigeminus UBERON:0001645 trigeminal nerve https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Gray778_Trigeminal.png Cranial nerve that has three branches - the ophthalmic (supplying the skin of the nose and upper jaw), the maxillary and the mandibular (supplying the lower jaw). ISBN:0471209627 Wikipedia:Trigeminal_nerve Nerve consists of motor and sensory components. Ganglion cells of the sensory component form the proximal part of the trigeminal (Gasserian) ganglion. From the ganglion 3 major rami innervate jaws, snout, and buccal roof.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0010470 AAO AAO:EJS We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (5) cranial nerves (...) (reference 1); Phylogenetically, the cranial nerves are thought to have evolved from dorsal and ventral nerves of a few anterior spinal nerves that became incorporated into the braincase. Dorsal and ventral nerves fuse in the trunk but not in the head, and they produce two series: dorsal cranial nerves (V, VII, IX, and X) and ventral cranial nerves (III, IV, VI, and XIII) (reference 2).[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000704 VHOG ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.43, ISBN:978-0072528305 Kardong KV, Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution (2006) p.625 http://bgee.unil.ch/ the ophthalmic usually usually merges with the other two. In some vertebrates, the ophthalmic emerges from the brain separately[Kardong] The trigeminal nerve has 3 branches in mammals - similar branches are present in nonmammalian vertebrates, but in some a separate profundus nerve that corresponds to opthalmic branch in mammls ISBN:0471888893 5n BIRNLEX:869 NIFSTD:NeuroNames_abbrevSource UMLS:C0040996 BIRNLEX:869 ncithesaurus:Trigeminal_Nerve neuronames:549 BIRNLEX:869 nervus trigeminus Wikipedia:Trigeminal_nerve nervus trigeminus [v] FMA:50866 FMA:TA trigeminal V EHDAA2:0002084 nerve V NeuroNames:549 nervus trigeminus BTO:0001072 trigeminus BTO:0001072 A dentary bone that is the only bone in one of the lateral halves of the lower jaw skeleton. mandibular Note in ZFA 'mandible' is a syn for the ventral mandibular arch, which is a portion of the 1st pharyngeal arch; however the term 'mandibular symphysis' refers to the dentary 'mandible' also refers to either the upper OR lower part of the beak in birds lower jaw lower jaw bone BTO:0001748 CALOHA:TS-2225 EFO:0001965 EHDAA2:0001059 EHDAA:8007 EMAPA:18290 FMA:52748 GAID:68 MA:0001487 MESH:D008334 NCIT:C12290 SCTID:181812008 UMLS:C0024687 Wikipedia:Human_mandible galen:Mandible inferior maxillary bone mammaliam mandible mandibulla lower mandibula mandibula mandibular series UBERON:0001684 mandible http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Gray176.png A dentary bone that is the only bone in one of the lateral halves of the lower jaw skeleton. Wikipedia:Human_mandible Wikipedia:Mandible Note in ZFA 'mandible' is a syn for the ventral mandibular arch, which is a portion of the 1st pharyngeal arch; however the term 'mandibular symphysis' refers to the dentary ZFA lower jaw lower jaw bone UMLS:C0024687 ncithesaurus:Mandible lower mandibula Wikipedia:Mandible mandibula BTO:0001748 Wikipedia:Human_mandible mandibular series ZFA:0001273 Subdivision of head that consists of the upper jaw skeletal elements plus associated soft tissue (skin, lips, muscle)[cjm]. Superior maxillary arch located on the anterior and lateral sides of the skull.[AAO] Subsequent vertebrate evolution has also involved major alterations to the pharynx; perhaps the most notable occurred with the evolution of the gnathostomes. This involved substantial modifications to the most anterior pharyngeal segments, with the jaw forming from the first, anterior, pharyngeal segment, while the second formed its supporting apparatus, the hyoid.[well established][VHOG] Note isa/partof difference MA/FMA AAO:0000620 EHDAA2:0002118 EHDAA2:0004607 EHDAA:8025 EMAPA:17924 FMA:59399 SCTID:362636001 VHOG:0000454 Wikipedia:Upper_jaw ncithesaurus:Upper_Jaw maxillary part of mouth alveolodental arch of bimaxilla dorsal mandibular arch dorsal pharyngeal arch 1 maxillary part of mouth proper palatoquadrate arch upper pharyngeal jaws UBERON:0001709 See notes for jaw w.r.t skeletal element vs subdivision of head. upper jaw region http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Gray189.png Subdivision of head that consists of the upper jaw skeletal elements plus associated soft tissue (skin, lips, muscle)[cjm]. Wikipedia:Upper_jaw http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Superior maxillary arch located on the anterior and lateral sides of the skull.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0000620 AAO AAO:LAP Subsequent vertebrate evolution has also involved major alterations to the pharynx; perhaps the most notable occurred with the evolution of the gnathostomes. This involved substantial modifications to the most anterior pharyngeal segments, with the jaw forming from the first, anterior, pharyngeal segment, while the second formed its supporting apparatus, the hyoid.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000454 VHOG DOI:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19910133.x Graham A. The development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2001) http://bgee.unil.ch/ Note isa/partof difference MA/FMA MA maxillary part of mouth FMA:59399 alveolodental arch of bimaxilla FMA:59399 dorsal pharyngeal arch 1 maxillary part of mouth proper FMA:59399 palatoquadrate arch Subdivision of head that consists of the lower jaw skeletal elements plus associated soft tissue (skin, lips, muscle)[cjm]. Inferior mandibular arch located on the anterior and lateral sides of the skull.[AAO] Subsequent vertebrate evolution has also involved major alterations to the pharynx; perhaps the most notable occurred with the evolution of the gnathostomes. This involved substantial modifications to the most anterior pharyngeal segments, with the jaw forming from the first, anterior, pharyngeal segment, while the second formed its supporting apparatus, the hyoid.[well established][VHOG] Note isa/partof difference MA/FMA AAO:0000272 EFO:0003660 EHDAA2:0001018 EHDAA:7995 EMAPA:17906 FMA:59398 MESH:D008334 SCTID:362637005 VHOG:0000453 Wikipedia:Lower_jaw ncithesaurus:Lower_Jaw mandibular part of mouth lower part of mouth mandibular series UBERON:0001710 See notes for jaw w.r.t skeletal element vs subdivision of head lower jaw region http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Gray176.png Subdivision of head that consists of the lower jaw skeletal elements plus associated soft tissue (skin, lips, muscle)[cjm]. Wikipedia:Lower_jaw Inferior mandibular arch located on the anterior and lateral sides of the skull.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0000272 AAO AAO:LAP Subsequent vertebrate evolution has also involved major alterations to the pharynx; perhaps the most notable occurred with the evolution of the gnathostomes. This involved substantial modifications to the most anterior pharyngeal segments, with the jaw forming from the first, anterior, pharyngeal segment, while the second formed its supporting apparatus, the hyoid.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000453 VHOG DOI:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2001.19910133.x Graham A. The development and evolution of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat (2001) http://bgee.unil.ch/ Note isa/partof difference MA/FMA MA mandibular part of mouth FMA:59398 The part in the center of a tooth made up of living soft tissue and cells called odontoblasts[WP]. Material in the center of the dentine of the mature tooth. In secondary teeth the pulp contains blood vessels and odontoblast.[TAO] The oral cavity of vertebrates is generally thought to arise as an ectodermal invagination. Consistent with this, oral teeth are proposed to arise exclusively from ectoderm, contributing to tooth enamel epithelium, and from neural crest derived mesenchyme, contributing to dentin and pulp (reference 1); Teeth and tooth-like structures, together named odontodes, are repeated organs thought to share a common evolutionary origin. These structures can be found in gnathostomes at different locations along the body: oral teeth in the jaws, teeth and denticles in the oral-pharyngeal cavity, and dermal denticles on elasmobranch skin (reference 2).[uncertain][VHOG] BTO:0000339 CALOHA:TS-0195 EMAPA:35274 FMA:55631 GAID:1270 MA:0001599 MESH:D003782 NCIT:C32451 SCTID:362110007 TAO:0005141 UMLS:C0011399 VHOG:0001469 Wikipedia:Dental_pulp ZFA:0005141 pulp of tooth tooth pulp dental pulp cell UBERON:0001754 dental pulp https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Tooth_Section.svg The part in the center of a tooth made up of living soft tissue and cells called odontoblasts[WP]. Wikipedia:Dental_pulp Material in the center of the dentine of the mature tooth. In secondary teeth the pulp contains blood vessels and odontoblast.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0005141 TAO ZFIN:curator The oral cavity of vertebrates is generally thought to arise as an ectodermal invagination. Consistent with this, oral teeth are proposed to arise exclusively from ectoderm, contributing to tooth enamel epithelium, and from neural crest derived mesenchyme, contributing to dentin and pulp (reference 1); Teeth and tooth-like structures, together named odontodes, are repeated organs thought to share a common evolutionary origin. These structures can be found in gnathostomes at different locations along the body: oral teeth in the jaws, teeth and denticles in the oral-pharyngeal cavity, and dermal denticles on elasmobranch skin (reference 2).[uncertain][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0001469 VHOG DOI:10.1038/nature07304 Soukup V, Epperlein HH, Horacek I, Cerny R, Dual epithelial origin of vertebrate oral teeth. Nature (2008), DOI:10.1186/1471-2148-11-307 The homology of odontodes in gnathostomes: insights from Dlx gene expression in the dogfish, Scyliorhinus canicula. BMC Evolutionary Biology (2011) http://bgee.unil.ch/ UMLS:C0011399 ncithesaurus:Dental_Pulp tooth pulp ZFA:0005141 dental pulp cell BTO:0000339 Cranial nerves are nerves that emerge directly from the brain, in contrast to spinal nerves, which emerge from segments of the spinal cord. Twelve pairs of cranial nerves exit/enter the cranium through openings in the skull. The nerves contain efferent axons with motor and glandular functions, as well as afferent axons from cranial ganglia with sensory functions. The nerves are numbered in a rostral to caudal sequence, with the exception of the lateral line nerves.[TAO] We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (5) cranial nerves (...).[well established][VHOG] See https://github.com/obophenotype/mouse-anatomy-ontology/issues/6 AAO:0000108 BAMS:cran BIRNLEX:1623 BTO:0001104 EHDAA2:0000323 EMAPA:17264 FMA:5865 GAID:802 MA:0000215 MBA:967 MESH:D003391 NCIT:C12700 SCTID:244447006 TAO:0000641 UMLS:C0010268 UMLS:C1269897 VHOG:0000279 Wikipedia:Cranial_nerve XAO:0000429 XAO:0003089 ZFA:0000641 neuronames:1227 cranial neural tree organ cranial nerves nervus cranialis UBERON:0001785 cranial nerve http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/18/Brain_human_normal_inferior_view_with_labels_en-2.svg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Brain_human_normal_inferior_view_with_labels_en.svg Cranial nerves are nerves that emerge directly from the brain, in contrast to spinal nerves, which emerge from segments of the spinal cord. Wikipedia:Cranial_nerve Twelve pairs of cranial nerves exit/enter the cranium through openings in the skull. The nerves contain efferent axons with motor and glandular functions, as well as afferent axons from cranial ganglia with sensory functions. The nerves are numbered in a rostral to caudal sequence, with the exception of the lateral line nerves.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0000641 TAO ZFIN:curator We conclude this section by listing some of the many synapomorphies of craniates, including (...) (5) cranial nerves (...).[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000279 VHOG ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.43 http://bgee.unil.ch/ UMLS:C0010268 BIRNLEX:1623 ncithesaurus:Cranial_Nerve UMLS:C1269897 BIRNLEX:1623 nervus cranialis Wikipedia:Cranial_nerve The fibrous investing tissue, covered by keratinized epithelium, that immediately surrounds a tooth and is contiguous with its periodontal ligament and with the mucosal tissues of the mouth[Glossary of Periodontal Terms 2001]. gingival BTO:0000519 CALOHA:TS-2074 EFO:0001925 EMAPA:35945 EV:0100064 FMA:59762 GAID:1257 MA:0000342 MESH:D005881 NCIT:C32677 SCTID:181224006 UMLS:C0017562 VHOG:0001269 Wikipedia:Gingiva galen:Gingiva gum gum tissue gums gingival mucosa UBERON:0001828 gingiva https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/mouth-female/v1.0/assets/3d-vh-f-mouth.glb https://cdn.humanatlas.io/digital-objects/ref-organ/mouth-male/v1.0/assets/3d-vh-m-mouth.glb https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/Tooth_Section.svg The fibrous investing tissue, covered by keratinized epithelium, that immediately surrounds a tooth and is contiguous with its periodontal ligament and with the mucosal tissues of the mouth[Glossary of Periodontal Terms 2001]. ISBN:0013002015 Wikipedia:Gingiva UMLS:C0017562 ncithesaurus:Gingiva gum FMA:59762 gum tissue https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Anatomical system that consists of the muscular and skeletal systems. Anatomical system that provides locomotion and physical support to the organism.[AAO] There are more than 50,000 extant vertebrate species, representing over 500 million years of evolution. During that time, the vertebrate musculoskeletal systems have adapted to aquatic, terrestrial, fossorial, and arboreal lifestyles, while simultaneously retaining functionally integrated axial and appendicular skeletal systems.[well established][VHOG] musculoskeletal AAO:0010546 CALOHA:TS-1311 EMAPA:32714 EV:0100139 FMA:7482 GAID:98 MA:0002418 MESH:D009141 NCIT:C12754 SCTID:278858007 UMLS:C0026860 VHOG:0001275 VSAO:0000031 Wikipedia:Musculoskeletal_system XAO:0000168 musculo-skeletal system UBERON:0002204 musculoskeletal system Anatomical system that consists of the muscular and skeletal systems. VSAO:0000031 VSAO:curator https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/77 Anatomical system that provides locomotion and physical support to the organism.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0010546 AAO AAO:EJS There are more than 50,000 extant vertebrate species, representing over 500 million years of evolution. During that time, the vertebrate musculoskeletal systems have adapted to aquatic, terrestrial, fossorial, and arboreal lifestyles, while simultaneously retaining functionally integrated axial and appendicular skeletal systems.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0001275 VHOG DOI:10.1002/jez.b.21246 Shearman RM, Burke AC, The lateral somitic frontier in ontogeny and phylogeny. Journal of Experimental Zoology (2009) http://bgee.unil.ch/ UMLS:C0026860 ncithesaurus:Musculoskeletal_System Joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by an articular capsule which encloses a synovial membrane and a synovial cavity. Examples: Temporomandibular joint, knee joint.[FMA]. Is a joint that is located at the point of contact of articulating bones allowing movement. The joint has a capsule containing synovial fluid surrounding the articulating bone surfaces.[TAO] AEO:0000183 CALOHA:TS-2138 EHDAA2:0003183 FMA:7501 MA:0000322 NCIT:C32461 SCTID:113234001 TAO:0005153 Wikipedia:Synovial_joint ZFA:0005153 galen:SynovialJoint articulatio synoviale diarthroses diarthrosis diarthrosis joint diarthrodial joints UBERON:0002217 synovial joint Joint in which the articulating bones or cartilages are connected by an articular capsule which encloses a synovial membrane and a synovial cavity. Examples: Temporomandibular joint, knee joint.[FMA]. FMA:7501 Wikipedia:Synovial_joint Is a joint that is located at the point of contact of articulating bones allowing movement. The joint has a capsule containing synovial fluid surrounding the articulating bone surfaces.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0005153 TAO ZFIN:Curator diarthroses ZFA:0005153 diarthrodial joints ZFA:0005153 The lower segment of the trunk, inferioposterior to the abdomen proper, in the transition area between the trunk and the lower limbs. pelvic MA and FMA differ in what they consider to be parts of the pelvis. MA includes ureter, urethra, urinary bladder, reproductive organs BTO:0001006 CALOHA:TS-2227 EFO:0002805 EMAPA:35931 EV:0100012 FMA:9578 GAID:87 MA:0000030 MESH:D010388 NCIT:C12767 SCTID:229765004 UMLS:C0030797 Wikipedia:Pelvis galen:Pelvis lesser pelvis pelvic region pelvis pelvis region true pelvis UBERON:0002355 pelvic region of trunk The lower segment of the trunk, inferioposterior to the abdomen proper, in the transition area between the trunk and the lower limbs. Wikipedia:Pelvis http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/720 MA and FMA differ in what they consider to be parts of the pelvis. MA includes ureter, urethra, urinary bladder, reproductive organs MA UMLS:C0030797 ncithesaurus:Pelvis lesser pelvis FMA:9578 pelvis FMA:9578 MA:0000030 true pelvis FMA:9578 Tissue with cells that deposit non-polarized extracellular matrix including connective tissue fibers and ground substance. One of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications. It is largely a category of exclusion rather than one with a precise definition, but there are certain characteristics shared by all or most tissues in this category, such as involvement in structure and support, derived from mesoderm, and characterized largely by the traits of non-living tissue.[AAO] Portion of tissue that consists of mesodermally derived cells and intercellular matrix comprised of protein fibers and carbohydrates, which supports, ensheathes and binds together other tissues.[TAO] Tissue with cells that deposit non-polarized extracellular matrix including connective tissue fibers and ground substance.[VSAO] MA also has set of connective tissues AAO:0000098 BTO:0000421 CALOHA:TS-2009 EFO:0000952 EMAPA:35251 FMA:9640 GAID:100 MA:0000011 MAT:0000301 MESH:D003238 MIAA:0000301 NCIT:C12374 SCTID:361919005 TAO:0001641 UMLS:C0009780 VSAO:0000017 XAO:0001017 ZFA:0001632 galen:ConnectiveTissue portion of connective tissue textus connectivus Bindegewebe UBERON:0002384 connective tissue Tissue with cells that deposit non-polarized extracellular matrix including connective tissue fibers and ground substance. GO_REF:0000034 PSPUB:0000170 VSAO:0000017 http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/23 One of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications. It is largely a category of exclusion rather than one with a precise definition, but there are certain characteristics shared by all or most tissues in this category, such as involvement in structure and support, derived from mesoderm, and characterized largely by the traits of non-living tissue.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0000098 AAO AAO:LAP Portion of tissue that consists of mesodermally derived cells and intercellular matrix comprised of protein fibers and carbohydrates, which supports, ensheathes and binds together other tissues.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0001641 TAO TAO:wd Tissue with cells that deposit non-polarized extracellular matrix including connective tissue fibers and ground substance.[VSAO] 2012-08-14 VSAO:0000017 VSAO GO_REF:0000034, http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 PSPUB:0000170 MA also has set of connective tissues MA UMLS:C0009780 ncithesaurus:Connective_Tissue portion of connective tissue FMA:9640 Bindegewebe BTO:0000421 Distal portion of the hind limb, including tarsal region, metatarsal region and digits. pedal BTO:0000476 CALOHA:TS-0377 EFO:0003065 EHDAA2:0000546 EMAPA:17459 FMA:9664 GAID:40 MA:0000044 MESH:D005528 NCIT:C32622 SCTID:302545001 UMLS:C0016504 VHOG:0000350 Wikipedia:Pes_(anatomy) galen:Foot foot hindlimb autopod hindlimb autopodium hindlimb distal free limb segment pes terminal segment of free lower limb hind foot hind paw hind-paw hindfeet hindfoot hindfoot of quadruped hindpaw hind limb autopodium UBERON:0002387 pes http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Male_Right_Foot_1.jpg Distal portion of the hind limb, including tarsal region, metatarsal region and digits. Wikipedia:Foot Wikipedia:Pes_(anatomy) UMLS:C0016504 ncithesaurus:Foot foot MA:0000044 hindlimb autopod OBOL:automatic hindlimb autopodium OBOL:automatic hindlimb distal free limb segment OBOL:automatic pes https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 hind paw EMAPA:17428 OBOL:automatic hind-paw EMAPA:17428 hindfeet hindpaw MA:0000044 hind limb autopodium VHOG:0000350 A digit that is part of a manus (hand). One of the fingers of the manus.[AAO] UBERON:0000028 AAO:0000857 BTO:0004669 EHDAA2:0000404 EMAPA:32642 FMA:9666 GAID:57 MA:0000041 MESH:D005385 NCIT:C32608 NLXANAT:20090602 SCTID:283992002 UMLS:C0016129 Wikipedia:Finger XAO:0003036 galen:Finger digit of hand digit of manus digitus manus finger fore digit forelimb digit hand digit manual digit (phalangeal portion) plus soft tissue UBERON:0002389 manual digit A digit that is part of a manus (hand). http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 One of the fingers of the manus.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0000857 AAO AAO:LAP UMLS:C0016129 ncithesaurus:Finger digit of hand FMA:9666 finger FMA:9666 fore digit AAO:0000857 XAO:0003036 hand digit MA:0000041 manual digit (phalangeal portion) plus soft tissue http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 The bone which normally forms the lateral upper jaw in osteichthyans, including tetrapods. Dermal bone that forms part of the upper jaw, located antero-ventral to the premaxilla. The maxilla is a paired bone.[TAO] Paired, intramembranous bone located on the lateral sides of the skull, posterior to the premaxillae.[AAO] relationship loss: overlaps autopalatine-maxillary joint (TAO:0001942)[TAO] relationship loss: overlaps premaxillary-maxillary joint (TAO:0002260)[TAO] In some teleosts, the maxilla is located postero-ventral to the supramaxilla. Commonly, the articular process of the maxilla articulates with the autopalatine and ethmoidal region antero-medially. The maxilla is usually the largest bone in the upper jaw assemblage.[TAO] maxillary upper jaw bone AAO:0000285 BTO:0006516 CALOHA:TS-2217 EHDAA2:0001068 EHDAA:8043 EMAPA:17639 FMA:9711 GAID:220 MA:0001491 MESH:D008437 NCIT:C26470 SCTID:181813003 TAO:0000270 UMLS:C0024947 VHOG:0001021 VSAO:0000207 Wikipedia:Maxilla ZFA:0000270 galen:Maxilla maxillae maxillary bone UBERON:0002397 Fusion of maxilla + premaxilla maxilla http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a7/Gray189.png The bone which normally forms the lateral upper jaw in osteichthyans, including tetrapods. Wikipedia:Maxilla http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/glossaryM.html Dermal bone that forms part of the upper jaw, located antero-ventral to the premaxilla. The maxilla is a paired bone.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0000270 TAO TAO:GA_TG Paired, intramembranous bone located on the lateral sides of the skull, posterior to the premaxillae.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0000285 AAO AAO:LAP relationship loss: overlaps autopalatine-maxillary joint (TAO:0001942)[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0000270 TAO relationship loss: overlaps premaxillary-maxillary joint (TAO:0002260)[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0000270 TAO In some teleosts, the maxilla is located postero-ventral to the supramaxilla. Commonly, the articular process of the maxilla articulates with the autopalatine and ethmoidal region antero-medially. The maxilla is usually the largest bone in the upper jaw assemblage.[TAO] 2012-09-06 TAO:0000270 TAO Curator BTO:0006516 UMLS:C0024947 ncithesaurus:Maxilla maxillae maxillary bone Wikipedia:Maxilla Distal segment of the fore limb, including carpal region, metacarpal region and digits. manual AAO:0010803 BTO:0004668 CALOHA:TS-2213 EHDAA2:0000728 EMAPA:17428 FMA:9712 GAID:56 MA:0000037 MESH:D006225 NCIT:C32712 NLXANAT:20090603 SCTID:302539009 UMLS:C0018563 VHOG:0000344 Wikipedia:Manus_(anatomy) galen:Hand forelimb autopod forelimb autopodium hand hand region terminal segment of free upper limb fore foot fore paw fore-paw forefeet forefoot forefoot of quadruped forepaw UBERON:0002398 manus http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/LeftHand0.jpg Distal segment of the fore limb, including carpal region, metacarpal region and digits. Wikipedia:Hand Wikipedia:Manus_(anatomy) UMLS:C0018563 ncithesaurus:Hand forelimb autopod OBOL:automatic forelimb autopodium OBOL:automatic hand MA:0000037 hand region EHDAA2:0000728 fore foot fore paw EMAPA:17428 OBOL:automatic fore-paw EMAPA:17428 forefeet forefoot forepaw MA:0000037 Terminal segment of free limb, immediately distal to the zeugopod region. The fully developed autopod consists of the autopod skeleton plus associated structures such as integument, muscle tissue, vasculature etc. The autopod is divided into mesopodial, metapodiual, and acropodial segments. Examples: human hand, mouse paw, human foot. Naming conventions for pod terms under discussion within phenoscape group; note that this refers to the limb segment, not just the skeleton. autopod BTO:0004359 EFO:0000877 EMAPA:32722 FMA:83015 MA:0002714 MAT:0000091 MIAA:0000091 NCIT:C77660 SCTID:95936004 UMLS:C0687080 autopodial limb segment autopodial segment autopodium autopodium region distal free limb segment distal segment of free limb autopodial element distal segment of limb manus/pes paw paw/hand/foot/hoof pod UBERON:0002470 autopod region Terminal segment of free limb, immediately distal to the zeugopod region. The fully developed autopod consists of the autopod skeleton plus associated structures such as integument, muscle tissue, vasculature etc. The autopod is divided into mesopodial, metapodiual, and acropodial segments. Examples: human hand, mouse paw, human foot. https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/303 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 autopod MA:0002714 UMLS:C0687080 ncithesaurus:Paw autopodial limb segment MA:th distal free limb segment FMA:83015 distal segment of free limb FMA:83015 distal segment of limb EMAPA:32722 Bone tissue forms directly within mesenchyme, and does not replace other tissues[TAO]. Intramembranous ossification is the formation of bone in which osteoblasts secrete a collagen-proteoglycan matrix that binds calcium salts and becomes calcified[GO]. Intramembranous ossification is the way flat bones and the shell of a turtle are formed[GO]. Unlike endochondral ossification, cartilage is not present during intramembranous ossification[WP]. Bone that forms directly within mesenchyme, and does not replace other tissues.[TAO] [In TAO], This term was made obsolete because it is considered a synonym of membrane bone (VSAO:0000023).[TAO] EMAPA:36615 TAO:0001644 Wikipedia:Intramembranous_ossification ZFA:0001635 intramembranous bones membrane bone UBERON:0002514 intramembranous bone Bone tissue forms directly within mesenchyme, and does not replace other tissues[TAO]. Intramembranous ossification is the formation of bone in which osteoblasts secrete a collagen-proteoglycan matrix that binds calcium salts and becomes calcified[GO]. Intramembranous ossification is the way flat bones and the shell of a turtle are formed[GO]. Unlike endochondral ossification, cartilage is not present during intramembranous ossification[WP]. GO:0001957 Wikipedia:Intramembranous_ossification https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/267 Bone that forms directly within mesenchyme, and does not replace other tissues.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0001644 TAO TAO:wd [In TAO], This term was made obsolete because it is considered a synonym of membrane bone (VSAO:0000023).[TAO] 2012-09-06 TAO:0001644 TAO Curator intramembranous bones ZFA:0001635 membrane bone AEO:0000085 A major subdivision of a mature or developing limb, including both skeletal elements (or the mesenchyme that gives rise to the skeletal elements) and associated tissues, such as muscle, connective tissue, integument. Examples: autopod region, zeugopod region, stylopod region, metapodial region, arm region. Excludes the limb girdles. FMA has both limb segment and free limb segment, the former includes the girdles. Note that MA uses the term more generally and includes A,S,Z,S+Z(arm/leg), whereas FMA is just A,S,Z FMA:241863 MA:0002889 NCIT:C38630 UMLS:C1268195 free limb segment segment of limb subdivision of limb extremity part limb region region of limb UBERON:0002529 limb segment A major subdivision of a mature or developing limb, including both skeletal elements (or the mesenchyme that gives rise to the skeletal elements) and associated tissues, such as muscle, connective tissue, integument. Examples: autopod region, zeugopod region, stylopod region, metapodial region, arm region. Excludes the limb girdles. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 FMA has both limb segment and free limb segment, the former includes the girdles. Note that MA uses the term more generally and includes A,S,Z,S+Z(arm/leg), whereas FMA is just A,S,Z FMA UMLS:C1268195 ncithesaurus:Extremity_Part free limb segment FMA:241863 A subdivision of the autopod that has as part a series of phalanges together with associated vasculature, musculature, integument and nerves. It is continuous with the metapodial subdivision of the autopod, but does not include the metapodials. In species such as humans, fully formed digits are distinct, whereas in other species the digits may be connected by interdigital webbing, or may be completely unseparated (for example, in cetaceans). Our reinterpretation of the distal fin endoskeleton of Panderichthys removes the final piece of evidence supporting the formerly popular hypothesis that tetrapod digits are wholly new structures without homologues in sarcopterygian fish fins. This hypothesis, which was based partly on the complete absence of plausible digit homologues in Panderichthys (then the closest known relative of tetrapods), has already been called into question by the discovery of digit-like radials in Tiktaalik and the fact that Hox gene expression patterns closely resembling those associated with digit formation in tetrapods occur in the distal fin skeletons of paddlefish and Australian lungfish. Our new data show that Panderichthys is not an anomaly: like Tiktaalik and other fish members of the Tetrapodomorpha, it has distal radials that can be interpreted as digit homologues.[well established][VHOG] digital AAO:0011126 EFO:0000881 EMAPA:32725 FMA:85518 MA:0000690 MAT:0000285 MIAA:0000285 NCIT:C40186 SCTID:361367007 UMLS:C0582802 VHOG:0000944 Wikipedia:Digit_(anatomy) XAO:0003032 galen:Digit acropodial unit digit (phalangeal portion) plus soft tissue limb digit UBERON:0002544 digit A subdivision of the autopod that has as part a series of phalanges together with associated vasculature, musculature, integument and nerves. It is continuous with the metapodial subdivision of the autopod, but does not include the metapodials. In species such as humans, fully formed digits are distinct, whereas in other species the digits may be connected by interdigital webbing, or may be completely unseparated (for example, in cetaceans). http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/420 Our reinterpretation of the distal fin endoskeleton of Panderichthys removes the final piece of evidence supporting the formerly popular hypothesis that tetrapod digits are wholly new structures without homologues in sarcopterygian fish fins. This hypothesis, which was based partly on the complete absence of plausible digit homologues in Panderichthys (then the closest known relative of tetrapods), has already been called into question by the discovery of digit-like radials in Tiktaalik and the fact that Hox gene expression patterns closely resembling those associated with digit formation in tetrapods occur in the distal fin skeletons of paddlefish and Australian lungfish. Our new data show that Panderichthys is not an anomaly: like Tiktaalik and other fish members of the Tetrapodomorpha, it has distal radials that can be interpreted as digit homologues.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0000944 VHOG DOI:10.1038/nature07339 Boisvert CA, Mark-Kurik E and Ahlberg PE, The pectoral fin of Panderichthys and the origin of digits. Nature (2008) http://bgee.unil.ch/ FMA:85518 GAT UMLS:C0582802 ncithesaurus:Digit digit (phalangeal portion) plus soft tissue http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 limb digit MA:0000690 Anatomical structure that is part of the head consisting entirely of cranium and mandible[WP]. in FMA the skull is divided into orbit, neurocranium (8 parts), viscerocranium (26 parts). Here we have a separate overlapping division into cranium and mandible. in many ontologies, the structure called the cranium is inclusive of the mandible/lower jaw skeleton A skull that is missing a mandible is only a cranium; this is the source of a very commonly made error in terminology. Those animals having skulls are called craniates BTO:0001295 CALOHA:TS-2344 EHDAA2:0000325 EMAPA:17680 FMA:46565 GAID:82 MESH:D012886 NCIT:C12789 SCTID:110530005 UMLS:C0037303 Wikipedia:Skull WikipediaCategory:Skull galen:Skull cranial skeleton skeletal system of head UBERON:0003129 skull Anatomical structure that is part of the head consisting entirely of cranium and mandible[WP]. PMID:11523816 Wikipedia:Skull http://sourceforge.net/tracker/?func=detail&aid=2962656&group_id=76834&atid=1205376 in FMA the skull is divided into orbit, neurocranium (8 parts), viscerocranium (26 parts). Here we have a separate overlapping division into cranium and mandible. FMA A skull that is missing a mandible is only a cranium; this is the source of a very commonly made error in terminology. Those animals having skulls are called craniates WP UMLS:C0037303 ncithesaurus:Skull A bone that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:35996 MA:0000576 SCTID:118646007 adult head bone adult head bone organ bone of adult head bone of head bone organ of adult head bone organ of head head bone organ craniofacial bone UBERON:0003457 Different sources vary regarding which bones are craniofacial; e.g. hyoid bone head bone A bone that is part of a head [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic adult head bone OBOL:automatic adult head bone organ OBOL:automatic bone of adult head OBOL:automatic bone of head OBOL:automatic bone organ of adult head OBOL:automatic bone organ of head OBOL:automatic head bone organ OBOL:automatic craniofacial bone http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A bone that is part of a facial skeleton [Automatically generated definition]. EMAPA:19019 EMAPA:35924 MA:0001482 MA:0003159 MESH:D005147 NCIT:C63706 SCTID:181799005 UMLS:C0015455 bone of facial skeleton facial bone facial skeleton bone bone of viscerocranium viscerocranium bone UBERON:0003462 facial bone A bone that is part of a facial skeleton [Automatically generated definition]. OBOL:automatic MESH:D005147 UMLS:C0015455 ncithesaurus:Facial_Bone bone of facial skeleton OBOL:automatic facial bone EMAPA:19019 facial skeleton bone OBOL:automatic bone of viscerocranium OBOL:automatic viscerocranium bone OBOL:automatic A synovial joint of the jaw that connects the mandible to the temporal bone. BTO:0003674 EMAPA:19196 FMA:54832 GAID:272 MA:0002899 MESH:D013704 NCIT:C32888 SCTID:181814009 UMLS:C0039493 Wikipedia:Temporomandibular_joint TMJ temperomandibular joint articulatio temporomandibularis dentary-squamosal joint squamosal-dentary joint tempero-mandibular joint temporalmandibular joint temporomandibular temporomandibular articulation temporomandibular joint UBERON:0003700 There are two TMJs, one on either side, working in unison. The unique feature of the TMJs is the articular disc. The disc is composed of fibrocartilagenous tissue (like the firm and flexible elastic cartilage of the ear) which is positioned between the two bones that form the joint. The TMJs are one of the only synovial joints in the human body with an articular disc, another being the sternoclavicular joint. The disc divides each joint into two. The lower joint compartment formed by the mandible and the articular disc is involved in rotational movement -- this is the initial movement of the jaw when the mouth opens. The upper joint compartment formed by the articular disk and the temporal bone is involved in translational movement -- this is the secondary gliding motion of the jaw as it is opened widely. The part of the mandible which mates to the under-surface of the disc is the condyle and the part of the temporal bone which mates to the upper surface of the disk is the glenoid (or mandibular) fossa[WP]. temporomandibular joint http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a5/Gray309.png A synovial joint of the jaw that connects the mandible to the temporal bone. Wikipedia:Temporomandibular_joint UMLS:C0039493 ncithesaurus:Jaw_Joint TMJ BTO:0003674 Wikipedia:Temporomandibular_joint temperomandibular joint HP:0010754 articulatio temporomandibularis Wikipedia:Temporomandibular_joint dentary-squamosal joint http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/glossaryT.html squamosal-dentary joint http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/glossary/glossaryT.html tempero-mandibular joint Wikipedia:Temporomandibular_joint temporalmandibular joint Wikipedia:Temporomandibular_joint temporomandibular Wikipedia:Temporomandibular_joint temporomandibular articulation Wikipedia:Temporomandibular_joint temporomandibular joint Wikipedia:Temporomandibular_joint Portion of tissue in the nervous system which consists of neurons and glial cells, and may also contain parts of the vasculature. One of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications. Cells forming the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nervous system.[AAO] FMA definition includes vasculature AAO:0000325 AEO:0000123 EHDAA2:0003123 FMA:9642 GAID:609 MESH:D009417 NCIT:C13052 SCTID:91728009 UMLS:C0027757 nerve tissue nervous tissue portion of neural tissue UBERON:0003714 neural tissue Portion of tissue in the nervous system which consists of neurons and glial cells, and may also contain parts of the vasculature. FMA:9642 One of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications. Cells forming the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nervous system.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0000325 AAO AAO:LAP FMA definition includes vasculature FMA UMLS:C0027757 ncithesaurus:Nervous_Tissue nerve tissue FMA:9642 nervous tissue FMA:9642 portion of neural tissue FMA:9642 A mucous membrane that lines the mouth. the mucous membrane epithelium of the mouth. It can be divided into three categories: masticatory, lining, and specialized[Wikipedia:Oral_mucosa]. BTO:0002860 CALOHA:TS-0716 EMAPA:26937 FMA:59660 GAID:951 MA:0002794 MESH:D009061 NCIT:C77637 UMLS:C0026639 Wikipedia:Oral_mucosa mouth mucosa mouth mucous membrane mouth organ mucosa mucosa of mouth mucous membrane of mouth oral mucous membrane oral part of viscerocranial mucosa tunica mucosa oris buccal mucosa mucosal lining of mouth oral mucosa tunica mucosa oris UBERON:0003729 mouth mucosa A mucous membrane that lines the mouth. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 the mucous membrane epithelium of the mouth. It can be divided into three categories: masticatory, lining, and specialized[Wikipedia:Oral_mucosa]. Wikipedia:Oral_mucosa UMLS:C0026639 ncithesaurus:Oral_Mucosa mouth mucosa FMA:59660 mouth mucous membrane OBOL:accepted mouth organ mucosa OBOL:accepted mucosa of mouth OBOL:accepted mucous membrane of mouth FMA:59660 oral part of viscerocranial mucosa FMA:59660 tunica mucosa oris FMA:59660 FMA:TA buccal mucosa GAID:951 mucosal lining of mouth MA:0002794 oral mucosa GAID:951 tunica mucosa oris Wikipedia:Oral_mucosa An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the ectoderm. ectodermal deriviative UBERON:0004121 ectoderm-derived structure An anatomical structure that develops (entirely or partially) from the ectoderm. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 ectodermal deriviative FBbt:00025990 A mesopodium that is part of a manus. Includes as parts the carpal skeleton and associated tissues[cjm]. The anatomical region surrounding the carpus including the distal parts of the bones of the forearm and the proximal parts of the metacarpus or five metacarpal bones and the series of joints between these bones, thus referred to as wrist joints. This region also includes the carpal tunnel, the anatomical snuff box, the flexor retinaculum, and the extensor retinaculum[WP,unvetted]. UBERON:0001462 EHDAA2:0000218 EHDAA:5196 EMAPA:19122 EMAPA:32784 FMA:24922 GAID:59 MA:0000039 MESH:D014953 NCIT:C111033 SCTID:361289009 Wikipedia:Wrist galen:Wrist carpal limb segment carpal segment fore basipodium fore mesopodium hand mesopodium manus mesopodium regio carpalis wrist wrist region carpus of fore-paw articulatio radiocarpea carpus UBERON:0004452 carpal region https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4a/Human_wrist.png https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Hand_parts.jpg A mesopodium that is part of a manus. Includes as parts the carpal skeleton and associated tissues[cjm]. The anatomical region surrounding the carpus including the distal parts of the bones of the forearm and the proximal parts of the metacarpus or five metacarpal bones and the series of joints between these bones, thus referred to as wrist joints. This region also includes the carpal tunnel, the anatomical snuff box, the flexor retinaculum, and the extensor retinaculum[WP,unvetted]. Wikipedia:Wrist https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 fore basipodium MA:th fore mesopodium MA:th regio carpalis FMA:24922 FMA:TA wrist MA:0000039 carpus of fore-paw EMAPA:19122 articulatio radiocarpea Wikipedia:Wrist carpus Mesopodial segment of the pes, including the tarsal skeleton and associated tissues. MA has both tarsus (part of foot, has tarsal bone) and ankle (part of hindlimb, has joint, nerve, skin). UBERON:0002388 CALOHA:TS-2219 EFO:0001409 EMAPA:32783 FMA:9665 GAID:41 MA:0000043 MESH:D000842 SCTID:361292008 Wikipedia:Ankle galen:Ankle ankle ankle region tarsal limb segment articulatio talocruralis hind basipodium hind mesopodium hock UBERON:0004454 tarsal region https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bf/Ankle_en.svg Mesopodial segment of the pes, including the tarsal skeleton and associated tissues. Wikipedia:Ankle https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 MA has both tarsus (part of foot, has tarsal bone) and ankle (part of hindlimb, has joint, nerve, skin). MA ankle MA:0000043 articulatio talocruralis Wikipedia:Ankle hind basipodium MA:th hind mesopodium MA:th hock Wikipedia:Hock_(anatomy) Any collection of muscles that is part of a face. FMA:71288 entire facial musculature facial muscles muscle group of face musculi faciei set of facial muscles set of muscles of face UBERON:0004473 musculature of face Any collection of muscles that is part of a face. OBOL:automatic entire facial musculature https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 facial muscles FMA:71288 muscle group of face FMA:71288 musculi faciei FMA:71288 FMA:TA set of facial muscles FMA:71288 set of muscles of face FMA:71288 The dentary is a dermal bone that forms the antero-lateral part of the lower jaw in fishes and amphibians, extending to the whole lower jaw in mammals[VHOG,modified]. Dermal bone that is usually the anteriormost bone of the lower jaw, and that articulates with the angular, or anguloarticular bone, posteriorly, and carries part of the mandibular sensory canal and pore openings of the mandibular sensory canal on its lateral surface. The dentary is a paired bone.[TAO] Ossified element of intramembranous origin that invests the lateral margin of Meckel's cartilage thereby forming the lateral side of the mandible in anurans and salamanders (Duellman & Trueb, 1994:293). In caecilians, the dentary is part of a compound bone termed the pseudodentary.[AAO] The dentary is a dermal bone that forms the antero-lateral part of the lower jaw in fishes and amphibians. In mammals the lower jaw consists entirely of the dentary bone. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Grande_L, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF, ZFA:0000191_and_Liem_KF, p.248][VHOG] relationship loss: overlaps dentary-anguloarticular joint (TAO:0001749)[TAO] Of all these bones [dentary, splenials, coronoids, angular, surangular and prearticular], only the dentary remains in the lower jaw of a mammal.[well established][VHOG] In lobe-finned fishes and the early fossil tetrapods, the bone homologous to the mandible of mammals is merely the largest of several bones in the lower jaw. In such animals, it is referred to as the dentary bone, and forms the body of the outer surface of the jaw. It is bordered below by a number of splenial bones, while the angle of the jaw is formed by a lower angular bone and a suprangular bone just above it. The inner surface of the jaw is lined by a prearticular bone, while the articular bone forms the articulation with the skull proper. Finally a set of three narrow coronoid bones lie above the prearticular bone. As the name implies, the majority of the teeth are attached to the dentary, but there are commonly also teeth on the coronoid bones, and sometimes on the prearticular as well. This complex primitive pattern has, however, been simplified to various degrees in the great majority of vertebrates, as bones have either fused or vanished entirely. In teleosts, only the dentary, articular, and angular bones remain, while in living amphibians, the dentary is accompanied only by the prearticular, and, in salamanders, one of the coronoids. The lower jaw of reptiles has only a single coronoid and splenial, but retains all the other primitive bones except the prearticular. AAO:0000124 EFO:0003508 TAO:0000191 VHOG:0001022 ZFA:0000191 http://palaeos.com/vertebrates/bones/dermal/images/Dentary1.gif dentaries dentary bone dentale os dentale sur-angulaire UBERON:0004742 dentary The dentary is a dermal bone that forms the antero-lateral part of the lower jaw in fishes and amphibians, extending to the whole lower jaw in mammals[VHOG,modified]. VHOG:0001022 Dermal bone that is usually the anteriormost bone of the lower jaw, and that articulates with the angular, or anguloarticular bone, posteriorly, and carries part of the mandibular sensory canal and pore openings of the mandibular sensory canal on its lateral surface. The dentary is a paired bone.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0000191 TAO TAO:GA_TG Ossified element of intramembranous origin that invests the lateral margin of Meckel's cartilage thereby forming the lateral side of the mandible in anurans and salamanders (Duellman & Trueb, 1994:293). In caecilians, the dentary is part of a compound bone termed the pseudodentary.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0000124 AAO AAO:LAP The dentary is a dermal bone that forms the antero-lateral part of the lower jaw in fishes and amphibians. In mammals the lower jaw consists entirely of the dentary bone. [Bemis_WE, Functional_Anatomy_of_the_Vertebrates:_An_Evolutionary_Perspective, Grande_L, Third_Edition_(2001)_Orlando_Fla.:_Harcourt_College_Publishers, Walker_WF, ZFA:0000191_and_Liem_KF, p.248][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0001022 VHOG http://bgee.unil.ch/ relationship loss: overlaps dentary-anguloarticular joint (TAO:0001749)[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0000191 TAO Of all these bones [dentary, splenials, coronoids, angular, surangular and prearticular], only the dentary remains in the lower jaw of a mammal.[well established][VHOG] 2012-09-17 VHOG:0001022 VHOG ISBN:978-0030223693 Liem KF, Bemis WE, Walker WF, Grande L, Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates: An Evolutionary Perspective (2001) p.248 http://bgee.unil.ch/ dentaries TAO:0000191 dentary bone ZFA:0000191 dentale AAO:0000124 os dentale AAO:0000124 sur-angulaire AAO:0000124 Dermis-derived entity that is made of skeletal tissue. dermal element UBERON:0004756 dermal skeletal element Dermis-derived entity that is made of skeletal tissue. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/206 dermal element VSAO:curator Organ consisting of skeletal tissue. Encompasses whole bones, fused bones, cartilaginious elements, teeth, dermal denticles. Organ entity that is typically involved in mechanical support and may have different skeletal tissue compositions at different stages.[VSAO] Organ entity that may have different tissue compositions at different stages and is typically involved in mechanical support.[TAO] AAO:0011129 TAO:0001890 VSAO:0000128 XAO:0004012 ZFA:0005494 galen:SkeletalStructure UBERON:0004765 skeletal element Organ consisting of skeletal tissue. Encompasses whole bones, fused bones, cartilaginious elements, teeth, dermal denticles. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Organ entity that is typically involved in mechanical support and may have different skeletal tissue compositions at different stages.[VSAO] 2012-08-14 VSAO:0000128 VSAO PSPUB:0000170 Organ entity that may have different tissue compositions at different stages and is typically involved in mechanical support.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0001890 TAO TAO:VSAO_workshop Any bone that is part of the lower jaw skeleton. This includes (when present): the dentary/mandible, the articular, the splenial, the suprangular. lower jaw bone UBERON:0004768 bone of lower jaw Any bone that is part of the lower jaw skeleton. This includes (when present): the dentary/mandible, the articular, the splenial, the suprangular. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Anatomical structure that connects two or more adjacent skeletal elements or hardened body parts. FBbt:00005811 joint UBERON:0004905 articulation Anatomical structure that connects two or more adjacent skeletal elements or hardened body parts. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 FBbt:00005811 A proximal-distal subdivision of the digestive tract. FBbt:00100315 FMA:71131 alimentary system subdivision gut section intestinal tract segment of intestinal tract subdivision of alimentary system UBERON:0004921 subdivision of digestive tract A proximal-distal subdivision of the digestive tract. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 FBbt:00100315 alimentary system subdivision FMA:71131 gut section FBbt:00100315 subdivision of alimentary system FMA:71131 A part of a wall of an organ that forms a layer. FMA:82485 UBERON:0004923 organ component layer A part of a wall of an organ that forms a layer. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A structure consisting mainly of cell components, rather than complete cells. we go with the FMA classification rather than the CARO one. FMA def: 'Anatomical cluster which has as direct parts cell parts from two or more cells.' AAO:0011000 CARO:0001000 FBbt:00007060 FMA:83115 multi-cell-component structure multi-cell-part structure cell part cluster UBERON:0005162 Such a structure may contain some complete cells in addition to partial cells (e.g., glia in nervous system regions). multi cell part structure A structure consisting mainly of cell components, rather than complete cells. CARO:0001000 we go with the FMA classification rather than the CARO one. FMA def: 'Anatomical cluster which has as direct parts cell parts from two or more cells.' CARO FMA FBbt:00007060 multi-cell-component structure CARO:0001000 multi-cell-part structure CARO:0001000 cell part cluster FMA:83115 Subdivision of abdominal segment of trunk which in humans is demarcated from the front of the abdomen by the posterior surface of the anterior layer of the thoracolumbar fascia and the anterior surface of the lumbar vertebral column; together with the front of the abdomen, it constitutes the abdomen[Modified from FMA]. lumbar lumbar region BTO:0001505 EMAPA:36623 FMA:61681 MA:0000027 NCIT:C34004 SCTID:182343007 UMLS:C0024090 abdominal back back of abdomen dorsum of abdomen lower back lumbar part of back lumbar region of back posterior part of abdomen regio lumbalis loin lombus lumbos UBERON:0005462 overlaps with region sometimes called 'loin' lower back Subdivision of abdominal segment of trunk which in humans is demarcated from the front of the abdomen by the posterior surface of the anterior layer of the thoracolumbar fascia and the anterior surface of the lumbar vertebral column; together with the front of the abdomen, it constitutes the abdomen[Modified from FMA]. FMA:61681 lumbar region FMA:61681 UMLS:C0024090 ncithesaurus:Lumbar_Region abdominal back FMA:61681 back of abdomen FMA:61681 dorsum of abdomen FMA:61681 lower back MA:0000027 lumbar part of back FMA:61681 lumbar region of back https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 posterior part of abdomen FMA:61681 regio lumbalis FMA:61681 FMA:TA loin BTO:0001505 Wikipedia:Loin A subdivision of the autopod that corresponds to one or more bones arranged in series branching from the main limb axis. digit or predigit limb outgrowth UBERON:0005881 encompasses digits and prepollex. requires review autopodial extension A subdivision of the autopod that corresponds to one or more bones arranged in series branching from the main limb axis. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A collection of two or more connected limb segments. Examples: arm (comprising stylopod and zeugopod regions). UBERON:0006058 multi-limb segment region https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/514 A collection of two or more connected limb segments. Examples: arm (comprising stylopod and zeugopod regions). https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 That part of the spine comprising the thoracic vertebrae. Region of the vertebral column between the atlas and the sacrum consisting of seven to 285 vertebrae.[AAO] BTO:0004150 EHDAA:5063 EMAPA:17396 FMA:9140 MA:0003155 NCIT:C69315 SCTID:243931006 UMLS:C0581269 axial skeleton thoracic region columna vertebralis thoracicus thoracic spine thoracic vertebrae series thoracic vertebral column UBERON:0006073 thoracic region of vertebral column That part of the spine comprising the thoracic vertebrae. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ Region of the vertebral column between the atlas and the sacrum consisting of seven to 285 vertebrae.[AAO] 2012-06-20 AAO:0000612 AAO AAO:Duellman_and_Trueb_1994 UMLS:C0581269 ncithesaurus:Thoracic_Spine axial skeleton thoracic region MA:0003155 columna vertebralis thoracicus FMA:9140 thoracic spine FMA:9140 thoracic vertebral column FMA:9140 A collection of all skeletal elements in some subdivision of the vertebral column. FMA:16201 subdivision of vertebral skeleton vertebrae series vertebral column subdivision vertebral series vertebral region vertebral subdivision UBERON:0006077 subdivision of vertebral column A collection of all skeletal elements in some subdivision of the vertebral column. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 subdivision of vertebral skeleton https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 vertebral column subdivision FMA:16201 The third segment of the limb, including either the wrist segment (carpus) or the ankle segment (tarsus). Naming conventions for pod terms under discussion within phenoscape group Wikipedia:Carpus_and_tarsus_of_land_vertebrates carpus/tarsus mesopodial limb segment mesopodial segment mesopod UBERON:0006716 mesopodium region The third segment of the limb, including either the wrist segment (carpus) or the ankle segment (tarsus). MA:th Wikipedia:Carpus_and_tarsus_of_land_vertebrates https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 mesopodial limb segment MA:th Bone element that arises as a result of intramembranous ossification. Bone element that arises as a result of intramembranous ossification.[VSAO] Intramembranous bone that forms deep in the organism.[TAO] AEO:0000085 EHDAA2:0003085 TAO:0001645 VSAO:0000023 XAO:0004014 ZFA:0001636 membrane bones UBERON:0007842 membrane bone Bone element that arises as a result of intramembranous ossification. GO_REF:0000034 VSAO:0000023 http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/267 Bone element that arises as a result of intramembranous ossification.[VSAO] 2012-08-14 VSAO:0000023 VSAO GO_REF:0000034, http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 PSPUB:0000170 Intramembranous bone that forms deep in the organism.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0001645 TAO TAO:wd membrane bones ZFA:0001636 A bone that is part of a craniocervical region. EMAPA:37245 MA:0000569 head or neck bone cranial bone UBERON:0007914 bone of craniocervical region A bone that is part of a craniocervical region. OBOL:automatic EMAPA:37245 MA:th head or neck bone MA:0000569 A bone that is hollow or contains many air cells, such as the mastoid process of the temporal bone[TMD]. Skeletal pneumaticity is the presence of air spaces within bones. Skeletal pneumaticity exists only in synapsids and archosaurs. It is generally produced during development by excavation of bone by pneumatic diverticula (air sacs) from an air-filled space such as the lungs or nasal cavity. Pneumatization is highly variable between individuals, and bones not normally pneumatized can become pneumatized in pathological development. Pneumatization occurs in the skulls of mammals, crocodilians and birds among extant groups, as well as extinct archosaurs including the dinosaurs and pterosaurs. Pneumatic spaces include the paranasal sinuses and some of the mastoid cells[WP]. [Wikipedia:Skeletal_pneumaticity] FMA:7478 SCTID:333008005 Wikipedia:Skeletal_pneumaticity galen:PneumaticBone os pneumaticum pneumatic bone hollow bone UBERON:0008193 pneumatized bone A bone that is hollow or contains many air cells, such as the mastoid process of the temporal bone[TMD]. http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=11303 os pneumaticum FMA:7478 pneumatic bone FMA:7478 Musculature system of the pharyngeal and head regions. in MA this is restricted to skeletal muscles EMAPA:37259 MA:0000571 TAO:0000328 ZFA:0000328 head or neck muscle head muscles head or neck muscle UBERON:0008229 craniocervical region musculature Musculature system of the pharyngeal and head regions. ZFA:0000328 ZFA:curator in MA this is restricted to skeletal muscles MA EMAPA:37259 MA:th head or neck muscle MA:0000571 head muscles ZFA:0000328 head or neck muscle MA:0000571 The fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the root of a tooth, separating it from and attaching it to the alveolar bone. It extends from the base of the gingival mucosa to the fundus of the bony socket, and its main function is to hold the tooth in its socket[BTO]. The collagen fibers, running from the cementum to the alveolar bone, that suspend a tooth in its socket; they include apical, oblique, horizontal, and alveolar crest fibers, indicating that the orientation of the fibers varies at different levels[http://www.drugs.com/dict/desmodentium.html]. The fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the root of a tooth, separating it from and attaching it to the alveolar bone. It extends from the base of the gingival mucosa to the fundus of the bony socket, and its main function is to hold the tooth in its socket[BTO]. It consist of cells, extracellular compartment of fibers. The cells are fibroblast, epithelial, undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, bone and cementum cells. The extracellular compartment consists of collagen fibers bundles embedded in ground substance. The PDL substance has been estimated to be 70% water and is thought to have a significant effect on the tooth's ability to withstand stress loads[WP][BTO:0001020, Wikipedia:Periodontal_fiber, https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/21]. FMA treats periodontium and periodontal ligament as the same; it has a separate class desmodentium, which we place here even though it is classified as fetal in FMA BTO:0001020 CALOHA:TS-0763 EMAPA:35679 FMA:56665 GAID:1259 MA:0002467 MESH:D010513 SCTID:245775004 Wikipedia:Periodontal_fiber fibra periodontalis periodontal fiber periodontal fibre PDL alveolar periosteum alveolodental ligament alveolodental membrane desmodontium odontoperiosteum paradentium peridental membrane peridontal fiber peridontal fibre peridontal ligament peridontal ligament fiber peridontal ligament fibre peridontal membrane peridontium periodontium UBERON:0008266 periodontal ligament https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/The_Periodontium.jpg The fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the root of a tooth, separating it from and attaching it to the alveolar bone. It extends from the base of the gingival mucosa to the fundus of the bony socket, and its main function is to hold the tooth in its socket[BTO]. BTO:0001020 Wikipedia:Periodontal_fiber https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/1233 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/21 The collagen fibers, running from the cementum to the alveolar bone, that suspend a tooth in its socket; they include apical, oblique, horizontal, and alveolar crest fibers, indicating that the orientation of the fibers varies at different levels[http://www.drugs.com/dict/desmodentium.html]. http://www.drugs.com/dict/desmodentium.html The fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the root of a tooth, separating it from and attaching it to the alveolar bone. It extends from the base of the gingival mucosa to the fundus of the bony socket, and its main function is to hold the tooth in its socket[BTO]. It consist of cells, extracellular compartment of fibers. The cells are fibroblast, epithelial, undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, bone and cementum cells. The extracellular compartment consists of collagen fibers bundles embedded in ground substance. The PDL substance has been estimated to be 70% water and is thought to have a significant effect on the tooth's ability to withstand stress loads[WP][BTO:0001020, Wikipedia:Periodontal_fiber, https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/21]. Wikipedia:Periodontal_fiber FMA treats periodontium and periodontal ligament as the same; it has a separate class desmodentium, which we place here even though it is classified as fetal in FMA FMA MESH:D010513 fibra periodontalis Wikipedia:Periodontal_ligament periodontal fiber Wikipedia:Periodontal_ligament periodontal fibre Wikipedia:Periodontal_ligament PDL Wikipedia:Periodontal_ligament alveolar periosteum BTO:0001020 alveolodental ligament BTO:0001020 alveolodental membrane BTO:0001020 desmodontium BTO:0001020 http://www.drugs.com/dict/desmodentium.html odontoperiosteum BTO:0001020 paradentium BTO:0001020 peridental membrane BTO:0001020 peridontal fiber http://www.drugs.com/dict/desmodentium.html peridontal fibre http://www.drugs.com/dict/desmodentium.html peridontal ligament fiber http://www.drugs.com/dict/desmodentium.html peridontal ligament fibre http://www.drugs.com/dict/desmodentium.html peridontal membrane BTO:0001020 peridontium BTO:0001020 periodontium FMA:56665 A limb segment that is part of a hindlimb. FMA:24877 free lower limb segment free lower limb subdivision segment of free lower limb subdivision of free lower limb UBERON:0008784 lower limb segment A limb segment that is part of a hindlimb. OBOL:automatic free lower limb segment FMA:24877 free lower limb subdivision FMA:24877 segment of free lower limb FMA:24877 subdivision of free lower limb FMA:24877 A limb segment that is part of a forelimb. FMA:24876 free upper limb segment free upper limb subdivision segment of free upper limb subdivision of free upper limb UBERON:0008785 upper limb segment A limb segment that is part of a forelimb. OBOL:automatic free upper limb segment FMA:24876 free upper limb subdivision FMA:24876 segment of free upper limb FMA:24876 subdivision of free upper limb FMA:24876 Dense regular connective tissue connecting two or more adjacent skeletal elements[VSAO,modified]. Dense regular connective tissue connecting two or more adjacent skeletal elements or supporting an organ.[VSAO] Ligament organ that primarily consists of regular dense connective tissue aggregated into fasciculi; connects bone and cartilage organs. Examples: sutural ligament, ligament of pinna, tarsal ligament[FMA:25624]. ligament AAO:0010444 AEO:0000090 CALOHA:TS-2146 EHDAA2:0003232 EV:0100144 FMA:25624 GAID:118 MA:0003005 SCTID:410744003 VSAO:0000072 Wikipedia:Ligament#Articular_ligaments articular larua articular ligament true ligament UBERON:0008846 skeletal ligament https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Knee_diagram.svg Dense regular connective tissue connecting two or more adjacent skeletal elements[VSAO,modified]. GO_REF:0000034 http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Dense regular connective tissue connecting two or more adjacent skeletal elements or supporting an organ.[VSAO] 2012-08-14 VSAO:0000072 VSAO PSPUB:0000170 Ligament organ that primarily consists of regular dense connective tissue aggregated into fasciculi; connects bone and cartilage organs. Examples: sutural ligament, ligament of pinna, tarsal ligament[FMA:25624]. FMA:25624 ligament VSAO:0000072 ZFA:0001675 articular larua Wikipedia:Ligament articular ligament Wikipedia:Ligament true ligament Wikipedia:Ligament Skeletal element that forms superficially in the organism, usually in association with the ectoderm[VSAO]. Intramembranous bone that forms superficially in the organism.[TAO] other AOs are not yet in sync with this classification AAO:0010769 TAO:0001590 VSAO:0000130 Wikipedia:Dermal_bone XAO:0004015 ZFA:0001590 dermal bones UBERON:0008907 dermal bone Skeletal element that forms superficially in the organism, usually in association with the ectoderm[VSAO]. GO_REF:0000034 VSAO:0000130 http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0051070 https://github.com/obophenotype/uberon/issues/267 Intramembranous bone that forms superficially in the organism.[TAO] 2012-08-14 TAO:0001590 TAO TAO:wd dermal bones ZFA:0001590 FMA:25054 SCTID:22943007 region of trunk trunk subdivision UBERON:0009569 subdivision of trunk region of trunk FMA:25054 trunk subdivision FMA:25054 An anatomical structure that has more than one cell as a part. CARO:0010000 FBbt:00100313 multicellular structure UBERON:0010000 multicellular anatomical structure An anatomical structure that has more than one cell as a part. CARO:0010000 FBbt:00100313 multicellular structure FBbt:00100313 An anatomical structure that develops from the neural crest. UBERON:0010313 neural crest-derived structure An anatomical structure that develops from the neural crest. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 An anatomical structure that has some part that develops from the neural crest. UBERON:0010314 structure with developmental contribution from neural crest An anatomical structure that has some part that develops from the neural crest. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 An appendage segment that is part of a limb/fin. limb/fin segment UBERON:0010538 paired limb/fin segment An appendage segment that is part of a limb/fin. OBOL:automatic A major subdivision of an organism that divides an organism along an axis perpedicular to the main body anterior-posterior axis. In vertebrates, this is typically a fin or limb segment. In insects, this includes segments of appendages such as antennae, as well as segments of the insect leg. FBbt:00007018 appendage segment appendicular segment UBERON:0010758 subdivision of organism along appendicular axis A major subdivision of an organism that divides an organism along an axis perpedicular to the main body anterior-posterior axis. In vertebrates, this is typically a fin or limb segment. In insects, this includes segments of appendages such as antennae, as well as segments of the insect leg. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 FBbt:00007018 appendage segment FBbt:00007018 Subdivision of skull that consists of the facial bones. EHDAA2:0002206 EHDAA:8361 EMAPA:18022 FMA:53673 MA:0000318 Wikipedia:Facial_skeleton facial skeleton facial bone ossa facialia ossa faciei viscerocranium UBERON:0011156 facial skeleton http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Illu_facial_bones.jpg Subdivision of skull that consists of the facial bones. MP:0005274 Wikipedia:Facial_skeleton http://www.bartleby.com/107/37.html https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 facial skeleton FMA:53673 facial bone MA:0000318 ossa facialia Wikipedia:Facial_skeleton ossa faciei Wikipedia:Facial_skeleton viscerocranium MA:0000318 The skull can be divided into two: the neurocranium and the facial skeleton. FMA:54964 skull subdivision subdivision of skull UBERON:0011158 primary subdivision of skull The skull can be divided into two: the neurocranium and the facial skeleton. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 skull subdivision FMA:54964 subdivision of skull FMA:54964 Synovial joint that articulates bones of upper and lower jaw. Some synapsids retained two pairs of jaw joints - quadrate-articular and tempero-mandibular, but this unusual paired condition did not last long jaw joint craniomandibular joint UBERON:0011171 joint connecting upper and lower jaws Synovial joint that articulates bones of upper and lower jaw. http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/evograms_05 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Some synapsids retained two pairs of jaw joints - quadrate-articular and tempero-mandibular, but this unusual paired condition did not last long http://evolution.berkeley.edu A subdivision of an anatomical system. FBbt:00007330 FMA:67509 SCTID:91690000 UBERON:0011216 organ system subdivision A subdivision of an anatomical system. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 FBbt:00007330 A subdivision of the head that corresponds to the jaw skeleton, containing both soft tissue, skeleton and teeth (when present). The jaw region is divided into upper and lower regions. EMAPA:32905 NCIT:C114916 UBERON:0011595 jaw region http://eol.org/collections/11578 A subdivision of the head that corresponds to the jaw skeleton, containing both soft tissue, skeleton and teeth (when present). The jaw region is divided into upper and lower regions. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Any bone that is part of the upper jaw skeleton. This includes (when present): the maxilla, the quadrate (in some species). upper jaw bone UBERON:0011597 bone of upper jaw Any bone that is part of the upper jaw skeleton. This includes (when present): the maxilla, the quadrate (in some species). https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 A nerve that is part of a head. cephalic nerve head nerve UBERON:0011779 nerve of head region A nerve that is part of a head. OBOL:automatic Connective tissue, which consists of a population of connective tissue cells, the intercellular matrix of which contains an irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: areolar tissue, mucoid tissue, connective tissue of peritoneum, connective tissue of fibrous pericardium. FMA:20107 UBERON:0011821 irregular connective tissue Connective tissue, which consists of a population of connective tissue cells, the intercellular matrix of which contains an irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: areolar tissue, mucoid tissue, connective tissue of peritoneum, connective tissue of fibrous pericardium. FMA:20107 Irregular connective tissue, the intercellular matrix of which contains a sparse irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: areolar tissue, neuroglial tissue, mucoid tissue. FMA:19783 NCIT:C33007 UMLS:C1253917 Wikipedia:Loose_connective_tissue textus connectivus collagenosus laxus textus connectivus laxus UBERON:0011825 loose connective tissue Irregular connective tissue, the intercellular matrix of which contains a sparse irregular network of collagen and elastic fiber bundles. Examples: areolar tissue, neuroglial tissue, mucoid tissue. FMA:19783 UMLS:C1253917 ncithesaurus:Loose_Connective_Tissue textus connectivus collagenosus laxus FMA:19783 FMA:TA textus connectivus laxus FMA:19783 FMA:TA A bone element that is part of a jaw region. EMAPA:35453 MA:0003130 SCTID:369003004 jaw bone UBERON:0012360 bone of jaw A bone element that is part of a jaw region. OBOL:automatic UBERON:0013522 subdivision of tube A principle subdivision of an organism that includes all structures along the primary axis, typically the anterior-posterior axis, from head to tail, including structures of the body proper where present (for example, ribs), but excluding appendages. UBERON:0013701 main body axis A principle subdivision of an organism that includes all structures along the primary axis, typically the anterior-posterior axis, from head to tail, including structures of the body proper where present (for example, ribs), but excluding appendages. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Any of the organs or elements that are part of the digestive system. Examples: tongue, esophagus, spleen, crop, lunge feeding organ, tooth elements. EMAPA:37843 SCTID:272627002 digestive organ digestive system organ UBERON:0013765 digestive system element Any of the organs or elements that are part of the digestive system. Examples: tongue, esophagus, spleen, crop, lunge feeding organ, tooth elements. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 EMAPA:37843 MA:th Any structure that is placed on one side of the left-right axis of a bilaterian. UBERON:0015212 lateral structure Any structure that is placed on one side of the left-right axis of a bilaterian. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 Any of the cranial nerves, or their central nervous system analogs (the optic tract, the epiphyseal tract). These analogs are not true nerves, and are instead evaginated sensory afferents emanating from the brain. cranial nerve fiber bundle cranial nerve fiber tract cranial nerve or tract neuron projection bundle from brain UBERON:0034713 cranial neuron projection bundle Any of the cranial nerves, or their central nervous system analogs (the optic tract, the epiphyseal tract). These analogs are not true nerves, and are instead evaginated sensory afferents emanating from the brain. ISBN:0471888893 http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 cranial nerve fiber bundle http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 cranial nerve fiber tract http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 cranial nerve or tract http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 neuron projection bundle from brain http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165 An multicellular anatomical structure that has subparts of multiple organs as a part. CARO:0020001 anatomical cluster UBERON:0034921 multi organ part structure An multicellular anatomical structure that has subparts of multiple organs as a part. CARO:0020001 anatomical cluster CARO:0020001 Mattew Diller Bill Duncan Alexander D. Diehl Daniel W. McNeil John Beverley Finn Wilson Ava E. Cunningham Gopikrishnan M Chandrasekharan Jisoo Seo