{ "metadata": { "name": "", "signature": "sha256:2ee198570cab9f1784cf9171922e35c844f43331d9224e8979a52e7fbab030af" }, "nbformat": 3, "nbformat_minor": 0, "worksheets": [ { "cells": [ { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 1, "metadata": { "slideshow": { "slide_type": "slide" } }, "source": [ "IPython and IPython Notebook" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "IPython is \"**an enhanced Interactive Python shell**\". IPython is elegant and has extensively useful features. Some of the thoughtfully crafted ones include tab completion, object introspection, a powerful history mechanism, inline editing of source code, integration with the Python debugger, the %run mechanism, macros, the ability to create multiple profiles, and system shell access.\n", "\n", "We will try to address some of them in this Notebook (kind of meta if you think about it) and the later part of the Notebook is going to be focussed on the cool stuff that you can do with the IPython Notebook in specific." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "from __future__ import division\n", "\n", "import numpy as np\n", "import scipy as sp\n", "import matplotlib as mpl\n", "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n", "\n", "#IPython magic command for inline plotting\n", "%matplotlib inline\n", "#a better plot shape for IPython\n", "mpl.rcParams['figure.figsize']=[15,3]" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "**Terribly useful commands**" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "\n", "The four most helpful commands, as well as their brief description, is shown to you in a banner, every time you start IPython:\n", "\n", "\n", "\n", "\n", "\n", "\n", "\n", "\n", "\n", "\n", "\n", "\n", "\n", "\n", "\n", "\n", "\n", "\n", "\n", "\n", "\n", "\t\n", "
CommandDescription
?Introduction and overview of IPython\u2019s features.
%quickrefQuick reference.
helpPython\u2019s own help system.
object?\tDetails about \u2018object\u2019, use \u2018object??\u2019 for extra details.
\n", "\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Tab Completion" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "A very powerful feature in IPython is tab completion." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "xmen='Text'" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "You can use it to autocomplete your variables. Of course, a good Python editor should also be able to this. " ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "x" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "You can also use this to get attributes of built-in objects " ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "import struct #This module performs conversions between Python values and C structs represented as Python strings." ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "struct._" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Tab completion also extends to user-defined objects. In order to make your class attributes open to tab completion you would need to define a `__dir__` member method in your class definition. " ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "class Shout(object):\n", " def __init__(self, text,number):\n", " self.text = text\n", " self.number=number\n", " \n", " def __dir__(self):\n", " return ['text','number']\n" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "s=Shout('Hi',2)" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "s.text" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Another useful trick to use help on an object is to use the **?** . It internally invokes `help()`. Typing object_name? will print all sorts of details about any object, including docstrings, function definition lines (for call arguments) and constructor details for classes." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "s?" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [] }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Magic command system" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "IPython has a set of predefined **magic functions** that you can call with a command line style syntax. There are two kinds of magics, line-oriented and cell-oriented. Line magics are prefixed with the % character and work much like OS command-line calls: they get as an argument the rest of the line, where arguments are passed without parentheses or quotes. Cell magics are prefixed with a double %%, and they are functions that get as an argument not only the rest of the line, but also the lines below it in a separate argument." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "#Line magic\n", "%cd" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "%lsmagic #Lists all magics available" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "%pprint?" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "**%timeit**" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "#Line magic\n", "%timeit range(100)" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "%%timeit x = range(100)\n", " min(x)\n", " max(x)\n", "#Cell Magic" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "%%timeit a = np.random.rand(100, 100)\n", "np.linalg.eigvals(a)" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "The **%%capture** magic can be used to capture the stdout/err of any block of python code, either to discard it (if it's noise to you) or to store it in a variable for later use:" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "%%capture capt\n", "from __future__ import print_function\n", "import sys\n", "print('Hello stdout')\n", "print('and stderr', file=sys.stderr)" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "capt.stdout, capt.stderr" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "capt.show()" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "The **%%writefile** magic writes the cell contents as a named file:" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "%%writefile foo.py\n", "print('Hello world')" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Now you can use the **%run** command to run your aforewritten script." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "%run foo.py" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "**%%script** cell magic, which lets you run a cell in a subprocess of any interpreter on your system, such as: bash, ruby, perl, zsh, R, etc.\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "%%script python\n", "import sys\n", "print 'hello from Python %s' % sys.version" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "%%script bash\n", "echo \"hello from $BASH\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "%%bash\n", "echo \"hello from $BASH\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "!echo \"hello from $BASH\"" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "---\n", "**Exercise**\n", "\n", "Using the magic commands,\n", "\n", "- write a python script to find the average of an array of [1,2,...100] \n", "- save it into a Python script \n", "- execute the saved script." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "---\n", "**%who** and **%whos** magic functions list objects, functions, etc. that have been added in the current namespace, as well as modules that have been imported. **%who** lists names of such objects, while **%whos** additionally lists type and data information " ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "%who" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "%whos" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "**%hist** presents a list of the last several input command lines." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "%hist" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "**%edit** This will open an editor (whatever the shell variable EDITOR is set to, see above, or vi/vim if no variable is set) containing the specified material, based on what arguments are provided, and will execute that code once the editor is exited. " ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "%edit #use in IPython shell" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Put the following in that script and close it.\n", "\n", " print (\"Edited Foo\")" ] }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 2, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "IPython's Rich Display System" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Using the `__repr__` command, you can use the following representations in IPython.`__repr__ `is used to print a human readable presentation of an object. In this case it prints the class name and some other attributes. A simple example:\n", "\n", "- HTML\n", "- JSON\n", "- PNG\n", "- JPEG\n", "- SVG\n", "- $\\LaTeX$" ] }, { "cell_type": "heading", "level": 3, "metadata": {}, "source": [ "Display imports" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "The `display` function can be used for displaying various representations.Calling display on an object will send all possible representations to the Notebook and the Notebook uses the richest available one." ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "from IPython.display import display" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "from IPython.display import display_pretty, display_html, display_jpeg, display_png, display_json, display_latex, display_svg" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "**Images**\n" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "The `Image` class can be used to display image formats such as JPEG,PNG,SVG etc. " ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "from IPython.display import Image\n", "i=Image(url='data:image/png;base64,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')" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "j=Image(url='https://www.python.org/images/python-logo.gif')" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "i" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "j" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "You can also use `i=Image(file='filename.png')`." ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "**Embedding images**" ] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "By default images are embedded in the Notebook document i.e. available offline. However, it is possible to explicitly tell IPython to store only the link to the image.\n", "\n", "![](http://www.svgopen.org/2003/papers/WhyCompileSvg/myButterfly.png)" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "from IPython.display import Image\n", "\n", "# by default Image data are embedded\n", "Embed=Image('http://www.svgopen.org/2003/papers/WhyCompileSvg/myButterfly.png')\n", "\n", "# if kwarg `url` is given, the embedding is assumed to be false\n", "SoftLinked = Image(url='http://www.svgopen.org/2003/papers/WhyCompileSvg/myButterfly.png')" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "Embed" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "SoftLinked" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "**Linking to other Python Files**" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "from IPython.display import FileLink, FileLinks\n", "FileLink('coding.ipynb')" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "If you wish to link all the files in your current directory you can use the following command:" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "FileLinks('.')" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [] }, { "cell_type": "markdown", "metadata": {}, "source": [ "**Videos**" ] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "from IPython.display import YouTubeVideo\n", "# a talk about IPython at Sage Days at U. Washington, Seattle.\n", "# Video credit: William Stein.\n", "YouTubeVideo('Fi30zjQhtWY')" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "YouTubeVideo('Fi30zjQhtWY',start='120')" ], "language": "python", "metadata": {}, "outputs": [] }, { "cell_type": "code", "collapsed": false, "input": [ "from IPython.display import HTML\n", "from base64 import b64encode\n", "video = open(\"VideoDemo.m4v\", \"rb\").read()\n", "video_encoded = b64encode(video)\n", "video_tag = '