---开启事务 begin tran --错误扑捉机制,看好啦,这里也有的。并且可以嵌套。 begin try --语句正确 insert into account (account_number,branch_name,balance) values ('A-101','Downtown',100) --Numb为int类型,出错 insert into account (account_number,branch_name,balance) values ('A-203','Brighton','abc') --语句正确 insert into account (account_number,branch_name,balance) values ('A-303','Redwood',2000) end try begin catch select Error_number() as ErrorNumber, --错误代码 Error_severity() as ErrorSeverity, --错误严重级别,级别小于10 try catch 捕获不到 Error_state() as ErrorState , --错误状态码 Error_Procedure() as ErrorProcedure , --出现错误的存储过程或触发器的名称。 Error_line() as ErrorLine, --发生错误的行号 Error_message() as ErrorMessage --错误的具体信息 if(@@trancount>0) --全局变量@@trancount,事务开启此值+1,他用来判断是有开启事务 rollback tran ---由于出错,这里回滚到开始,第一条语句也没有插入成功。 end catch if(@@trancount>0) commit tran --如果成功Lives表中,将会有3条数据。 --表本身为空表,ID ,Numb为int 类型,其它为nvarchar类型 select * from account ---开启事务 begin tran --错误扑捉机制,看好啦,这里也有的。并且可以嵌套。 begin try --语句正确 insert into account (account_number,branch_name,balance) values ('A-203','Brighton','abc') --加入保存点 save tran saveStoreOne --Numb为int类型,出错 insert into account (account_number,branch_name,balance) values ('A-203','Brighton','efg') --语句正确 insert into account (account_number,branch_name,balance) values ('A-203','Brighton','666') end try begin catch select Error_number() as ErrorNumber, --错误代码 Error_severity() as ErrorSeverity, --错误严重级别,级别小于10 try catch 捕获不到 Error_state() as ErrorState , --错误状态码 Error_Procedure() as ErrorProcedure , --出现错误的存储过程或触发器的名称。 Error_line() as ErrorLine, --发生错误的行号 Error_message() as ErrorMessage --错误的具体信息 if(@@trancount>0) --全局变量@@trancount,事务开启此值+1,他用来判断是有开启事务 rollback tran ---由于出错,这里回滚事务到原点,第一条语句也没有插入成功。 end catch if(@@trancount>0) rollback tran saveStoreOne --如果成功account表中,将会有3条数据。 --表本身为空表,ID ,Numb为int 类型,其它为nvarchar类型 select * from account delete account --清空数据 set xact_abort off begin tran --语句正确 insert into account (account_number,branch_name,balance) values ('A-203','Brighton',666) --Numb为int类型,出错,如果1234..那个大数据换成'132dsaf' xact_abort将失效 insert into account (account_number,branch_name,balance) values ('A-203','Brighton','666') --语句正确 insert into account (account_number,branch_name,balance) values ('A-203','Brighton',555) commit tran select * from account begin tran update account account_number='A-108' waitfor delay '0:0:5' update dbo.branch set branch_city='北京' commit tran begin tran update branch set branch_city='北京' waitfor delay '0:0:5' --等待5秒执行下面的语句 update account set account_number='A-108' commit tran select * from account select * from branch ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ---------------------------- ---------------------------- --查看超时时间,默认为-1 select @@lock_timeout --设置超时时间 set lock_timeout 0 --为0时,即为一旦发现资源锁定,立即报错,不在等待,当前事务不回滚,设置时间需谨慎处理后事啊,你hold不住的。 --检测死锁 --如果发生死锁了,我们怎么去检测具体发生死锁的是哪条SQL语句或存储过程? --这时我们可以使用以下存储过程来检测,就可以查出引起死锁的进程和SQL语句。SQL Server自带的系统存储过程sp_who和sp_lock也可以用来查找阻塞和死锁, 但没有这里介绍的方法好用。 use master go create procedure sp_who_lock as begin declare @spid int,@bl int, @intTransactionCountOnEntry int, @intRowcount int, @intCountProperties int, @intCounter int create table #tmp_lock_who ( id int identity(1,1), spid smallint, bl smallint) IF @@ERROR<>0 RETURN @@ERROR insert into #tmp_lock_who(spid,bl) select 0 ,blocked from (select * from sysprocesses where blocked>0 ) a where not exists(select * from (select * from sysprocesses where blocked>0 ) b where a.blocked=spid) union select spid,blocked from sysprocesses where blocked>0 IF @@ERROR<>0 RETURN @@ERROR -- 找到临时表的记录数 select @intCountProperties = Count(*),@intCounter = 1 from #tmp_lock_who IF @@ERROR<>0 RETURN @@ERROR if @intCountProperties=0 select '现在没有阻塞和死锁信息' as message -- 循环开始 while @intCounter <= @intCountProperties begin -- 取第一条记录 select @spid = spid,@bl = bl from #tmp_lock_who where Id = @intCounter begin if @spid =0 select '引起数据库死锁的是: '+ CAST(@bl AS VARCHAR(10)) + '进程号,其执行的SQL语法如下' else select '进程号SPID:'+ CAST(@spid AS VARCHAR(10))+ '被' + '进程号SPID:'+ CAST(@bl AS VARCHAR(10)) +'阻塞,其当前进程执行的SQL语法如下' DBCC INPUTBUFFER (@bl ) end -- 循环指针下移 set @intCounter = @intCounter + 1 end drop table #tmp_lock_who return 0 end --杀死锁和进程 --如何去手动的杀死进程和锁?最简单的办法,重新启动服务。但是这里要介绍一个存储过程,通过显式的调用,可以杀死进程和锁。 use master go if exists (select * from dbo.sysobjects where id = object_id(N'[dbo].[p_killspid]') and OBJECTPROPERTY(id, N'IsProcedure') = 1) drop procedure [dbo].[p_killspid] GO create proc p_killspid @dbname varchar(200) --要关闭进程的数据库名 as declare @sql nvarchar(500) declare @spid nvarchar(20) declare #tb cursor for select spid=cast(spid as varchar(20)) from master..sysprocesses where dbid=db_id(@dbname) open #tb fetch next from #tb into @spid while @@fetch_status=0 begin exec('kill '+@spid) fetch next from #tb into @spid end close #tb deallocate #tb go --用法 exec p_killspid 'newdbpy' --查看锁信息 --如何查看系统中所有锁的详细信息?在企业管理管理器中,我们可以看到一些进程和锁的信息,这里介绍另外一种方法。 --查看锁信息 create table #t(req_spid int,obj_name sysname) declare @s nvarchar(4000) ,@rid int,@dbname sysname,@id int,@objname sysname declare tb cursor for select distinct req_spid,dbname=db_name(rsc_dbid),rsc_objid from master..syslockinfo where rsc_type in(4,5) open tb fetch next from tb into @rid,@dbname,@id while @@fetch_status=0 begin set @s='select @objname=name from ['+@dbname+']..sysobjects where id=@id' exec sp_executesql @s,N'@objname sysname out,@id int',@objname out,@id insert into #t values(@rid,@objname) fetch next from tb into @rid,@dbname,@id end close tb deallocate tb select 进程id=a.req_spid ,数据库=db_name(rsc_dbid) ,类型=case rsc_type when 1 then 'NULL 资源(未使用)' when 2 then '数据库' when 3 then '文件' when 4 then '索引' when 5 then '表' when 6 then '页' when 7 then '键' when 8 then '扩展盘区' when 9 then 'RID(行 ID)' when 10 then '应用程序' end ,对象id=rsc_objid ,对象名=b.obj_name ,rsc_indid from master..syslockinfo a left join #t b on a.req_spid=b.req_spid go drop table #t