{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "nbgrader": {
     "checksum": "5bd8485ad06f7ec05172022d6171b40a",
     "grade": false,
     "grade_id": "cell-40cc89ac5d71597a",
     "locked": true,
     "schema_version": 1,
     "solution": false
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# Les dictionnaires\n",
    "\n",
    "> les dictionnaires en python\n",
    "\n",
    "- toc: true\n",
    "- badges: true\n",
    "- comments: false\n",
    "- categories: [python, ISN]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "deletable": false,
    "editable": false,
    "nbgrader": {
     "checksum": "723d20ab0f352337fdb98be8372ff234",
     "grade": false,
     "grade_id": "cell-f8fc6f5f138e704b",
     "locked": true,
     "schema_version": 1,
     "solution": false
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "Les dictionnaires sont des objets pouvant en contenir d'autres, un peu comme des listes.\n",
    "\n",
    "Cependant, au lieu d'héberger des informations dans un ordre précis, ils associent chaque ***valeur*** contenue à une ***clé*** (qui peut être une chaîne de caractère ou simplement un nombre).\n",
    "\n",
    "Voyons tout de suite un exemple :"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "deletable": false,
    "editable": false,
    "nbgrader": {
     "checksum": "6c583a0bbd711b2e53098b040eca8c09",
     "grade": false,
     "grade_id": "cell-1218eb027463d8ec",
     "locked": true,
     "schema_version": 1,
     "solution": false
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "coeffBacS={\"ISN\":2,\"Maths\":7}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "deletable": false,
    "editable": false,
    "nbgrader": {
     "checksum": "d26a0b44f6762cf0a80d210d8ff41fde",
     "grade": false,
     "grade_id": "cell-a35e53935e50a9f2",
     "locked": true,
     "schema_version": 1,
     "solution": false
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "Dans l'exemple ci-dessus, nous avons créé un dictionnaire ***coeffBacS***. Nous voyons tout de suite que :\n",
    "- le caractère servant à délimiter le dictionnaire est l'accolade { }, ce qui le distingue des listes délimitées par des crochets.\n",
    "- Il contient deux valeurs : 2 et 7\n",
    "- Il contient deux clés : \"ISN\" et \"Maths\""
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "deletable": false,
    "editable": false,
    "nbgrader": {
     "checksum": "b4b69e15da58b7a047403ce6d1ed2f8f",
     "grade": false,
     "grade_id": "cell-6925f6afb0e37c78",
     "locked": true,
     "schema_version": 1,
     "solution": false
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## Accéder à une valeur du dictionnaire"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "deletable": false,
    "editable": false,
    "nbgrader": {
     "checksum": "236b481ea370e34aad0e80b251a47015",
     "grade": false,
     "grade_id": "cell-baadf7f0a0abd933",
     "locked": true,
     "schema_version": 1,
     "solution": false
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "Contrairement aux listes ou on accède aux valeurs par la position dans la liste, on accède aux valeurs du dictionnaire par l'intermédiaire des ***clés***. Regardez l'exemple ci-dessous :"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "deletable": false,
    "editable": false,
    "nbgrader": {
     "checksum": "e693112d83c08b36d0cebf5b60ce88be",
     "grade": false,
     "grade_id": "cell-b7c4d015316542ad",
     "locked": true,
     "schema_version": 1,
     "solution": false
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "coeffBacS[\"ISN\"]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "deletable": false,
    "editable": false,
    "nbgrader": {
     "checksum": "4a5d6f7dcf04a79f36e2a62abb589275",
     "grade": false,
     "grade_id": "cell-4822f20b06d21ca1",
     "locked": true,
     "schema_version": 1,
     "solution": false
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "La ressemblance avec les listes pour accéder aux données est assez frappante.\n",
    "\n",
    "**Attention** à bien utiliser une clé qui a été définie, sinon..."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "deletable": false,
    "editable": false,
    "nbgrader": {
     "checksum": "27efa44421a82bb8687488b3b7f7dafe",
     "grade": false,
     "grade_id": "cell-bb0b4a8428e483e7",
     "locked": true,
     "schema_version": 1,
     "solution": false
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "coeffBacS[\"MATHS\"]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "deletable": false,
    "editable": false,
    "nbgrader": {
     "checksum": "44316d065b85c65b6f66761dc95ee361",
     "grade": false,
     "grade_id": "cell-b37d7c43ecbba34f",
     "locked": true,
     "schema_version": 1,
     "solution": false
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "Ici la clé ***MATHS*** n'existe pas. En effet le système est sensible aux majuscules !"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "deletable": false,
    "editable": false,
    "nbgrader": {
     "checksum": "1dd2515c65f06a3e37f9f7d2ccbb4d6e",
     "grade": false,
     "grade_id": "cell-dba6aa49b2967bb3",
     "locked": true,
     "schema_version": 1,
     "solution": false
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## Savoir si une clé existe dans un dictionnaire"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "deletable": false,
    "editable": false,
    "nbgrader": {
     "checksum": "17724293d038b848936f8ede7ddf7cf2",
     "grade": false,
     "grade_id": "cell-7e6967f71e981db8",
     "locked": true,
     "schema_version": 1,
     "solution": false
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "Pour éviter ce type d'erreur, on peut tester l'existance d'une clé par le mot clé Python ***in***"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "deletable": false,
    "editable": false,
    "nbgrader": {
     "checksum": "a177519cd5050f164dd156a2f6d3181d",
     "grade": false,
     "grade_id": "cell-493361cf5abf64ae",
     "locked": true,
     "schema_version": 1,
     "solution": false
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "\"MATHS\" in coeffBacS"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "deletable": false,
    "editable": false,
    "nbgrader": {
     "checksum": "5801dcd4e99af45f1043d77342184d60",
     "grade": false,
     "grade_id": "cell-a93ca00d83056d33",
     "locked": true,
     "schema_version": 1,
     "solution": false
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "\"ISN\" in coeffBacS"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Ajouter des données à un dictionnaire"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "deletable": false,
    "editable": false,
    "nbgrader": {
     "checksum": "e21cbf97e8d7bd893bf3b385a051d7d6",
     "grade": false,
     "grade_id": "cell-e743a6802d843e6d",
     "locked": true,
     "schema_version": 1,
     "solution": false
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "L'ajout de données se fait très simplement :"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "deletable": false,
    "editable": false,
    "nbgrader": {
     "checksum": "577d09f7149301b60d62c289171b52d1",
     "grade": false,
     "grade_id": "cell-6db173c898678eca",
     "locked": true,
     "schema_version": 1,
     "solution": false
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "coeffBacS[\"Philo\"]=3"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "deletable": false,
    "editable": false,
    "nbgrader": {
     "checksum": "f95b4e741fce3ac7c95d8808a57cff5a",
     "grade": false,
     "grade_id": "cell-5c534bab37a6ba7e",
     "locked": true,
     "schema_version": 1,
     "solution": false
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "Les clés peuvent être de type différents, ainsi que les données :"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "deletable": false,
    "editable": false,
    "nbgrader": {
     "checksum": "4abd7b514db6aeed46899389bc96886a",
     "grade": false,
     "grade_id": "cell-a79d9462df0834e0",
     "locked": true,
     "schema_version": 1,
     "solution": false
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "coeffBacS[\"Philo\"]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "deletable": false,
    "editable": false,
    "nbgrader": {
     "checksum": "6a2e0a8b1509f52b5d9298518848277b",
     "grade": false,
     "grade_id": "cell-3c109d0bc5fa7162",
     "locked": true,
     "schema_version": 1,
     "solution": false
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "**Remarque** : les clés ne sont pas nécessairement du type chaîne de caractère. Tout type *non mutable* peut servir de clé. On peut très bien utiliser un nombre comme clé :"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "deletable": false,
    "editable": false,
    "nbgrader": {
     "checksum": "d3025dcf2102c77985aab7082a43fe44",
     "grade": false,
     "grade_id": "cell-5c50eb013a105f34",
     "locked": true,
     "schema_version": 1,
     "solution": false
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# on crée un dictionnaire vide\n",
    "autreDico=dict()\n",
    "# on définit des clés sous forme de nombres\n",
    "autreDico[3.14] = \"pi\"\n",
    "autreDico[2.718] = \"e\"\n",
    "# il est possible de mélanger les types de clés\n",
    "# mais ce n'est pas forcément une bonne idée !\n",
    "autreDico[\"pi\"] = 3.1415"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "deletable": false,
    "editable": false,
    "nbgrader": {
     "checksum": "bf74c5da946ee3f650751deefc66371f",
     "grade": false,
     "grade_id": "cell-572921786191e5d5",
     "locked": true,
     "schema_version": 1,
     "solution": false
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "autreDico[3.14]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "deletable": false,
    "editable": false,
    "nbgrader": {
     "checksum": "0536378b6b52fdfff1cd933adb4fdc40",
     "grade": false,
     "grade_id": "cell-ef4f9042550bb944",
     "locked": true,
     "schema_version": 1,
     "solution": false
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "autreDico[\"pi\"]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "deletable": false,
    "editable": false,
    "nbgrader": {
     "checksum": "907cdc8bc1817dda9cff3c48a5c7bc15",
     "grade": false,
     "grade_id": "cell-6fdbe9c5bb73f990",
     "locked": true,
     "schema_version": 1,
     "solution": false
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## Parcourir un dictionnaire"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "deletable": false,
    "editable": false,
    "nbgrader": {
     "checksum": "9564021956c2a49e9070adceeaba7419",
     "grade": false,
     "grade_id": "cell-feaf6d2058fef959",
     "locked": true,
     "schema_version": 1,
     "solution": false
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "Pour parcourir un dictiionnaire, on va utiliser les méthodes\n",
    "- ***keys()*** pour récupérer la liste des clés\n",
    "- ***values()*** pour récupérer la liste des valeurs\n",
    "\n",
    "Par exemple, affichons toutes les valeurs contenues dans notre dictionnaire"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "deletable": false,
    "editable": false,
    "nbgrader": {
     "checksum": "473f068a257e506e9c49f75617e99750",
     "grade": false,
     "grade_id": "cell-b7f6e2dc474d99ef",
     "locked": true,
     "schema_version": 1,
     "solution": false
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "coeffBacS.values()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "deletable": false,
    "editable": false,
    "nbgrader": {
     "checksum": "daa4d047aa1c116c2ac8e212db5d541f",
     "grade": false,
     "grade_id": "cell-2bd69e1d56d8d1c1",
     "locked": true,
     "schema_version": 1,
     "solution": false
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "et de même pour les clés :"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "deletable": false,
    "editable": false,
    "nbgrader": {
     "checksum": "f00e4c973af4cd7cde55bf2fc9b07dd3",
     "grade": false,
     "grade_id": "cell-db537c8f3af6862b",
     "locked": true,
     "schema_version": 1,
     "solution": false
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "coeffBacS.keys()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "deletable": false,
    "editable": false,
    "nbgrader": {
     "checksum": "3a404a93d6a18720c07a1294e1f62661",
     "grade": false,
     "grade_id": "cell-dcbdff480c4f9068",
     "locked": true,
     "schema_version": 1,
     "solution": false
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "Pour parcourir un dictionnaire par clés, il suffit de faire une boucle du type :\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "deletable": false,
    "editable": false,
    "nbgrader": {
     "checksum": "ef2f419e4e779e5367d12dd1426a8f2f",
     "grade": false,
     "grade_id": "cell-b9be1fd8caf1f806",
     "locked": true,
     "schema_version": 1,
     "solution": false
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "for matiere in coeffBacS.keys():\n",
    "    print(matiere , \" coeff \", coeffBacS[matiere])"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "deletable": false,
    "editable": false,
    "nbgrader": {
     "checksum": "60f984068f8ac70c849157fb4cf5e39a",
     "grade": false,
     "grade_id": "cell-32a525c3ac194fb7",
     "locked": true,
     "schema_version": 1,
     "solution": false
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "Complétons notre dictionnaire ...."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "deletable": false,
    "editable": false,
    "nbgrader": {
     "checksum": "c63ff546b3654e1ae32d34a378aaea57",
     "grade": false,
     "grade_id": "cell-b59a501d30d507ee",
     "locked": true,
     "schema_version": 1,
     "solution": false
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "coeffBacS[\"Francais Oral\"]=2\n",
    "coeffBacS[\"Physique Chimie\"]=6\n",
    "coeffBacS[\"SVT\"]=6\n",
    "coeffBacS[\"HGéo\"]=3\n",
    "coeffBacS[\"LV1\"]=3\n",
    "coeffBacS[\"TPE\"]=2"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "deletable": false,
    "editable": false,
    "nbgrader": {
     "checksum": "a041bbae17126b463d2b4cb1208280ff",
     "grade": false,
     "grade_id": "cell-f3e87c8bc83fb48c",
     "locked": true,
     "schema_version": 1,
     "solution": false
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## Supprimer une clé\n",
    "\n",
    "On peut supprimer une clé (et sa valeur correspondante) d'un dictionnaire en utilisant, au choix, la méthode **del** ou la méthode **pop**."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "deletable": false,
    "editable": false,
    "nbgrader": {
     "checksum": "6b603249a1201652b95f475f5cc37f44",
     "grade": false,
     "grade_id": "cell-5d4bcb14394a27f7",
     "locked": true,
     "schema_version": 1,
     "solution": false
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "coeffBacS.pop(\"Physique Chimie\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "deletable": false,
    "editable": false,
    "nbgrader": {
     "checksum": "a8fc9c0bbe92bcd2d54f06b0d5df2b13",
     "grade": false,
     "grade_id": "cell-118dcc2fcaf6758c",
     "locked": true,
     "schema_version": 1,
     "solution": false
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "coeffBacS[\"Physique Chimie\"]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "deletable": false,
    "editable": false,
    "nbgrader": {
     "checksum": "a022345b896321fb3b426cd55d84bf14",
     "grade": false,
     "grade_id": "cell-39c857bfce904820",
     "locked": true,
     "schema_version": 1,
     "solution": false
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# A vous de jouer..."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "deletable": false,
    "editable": false,
    "nbgrader": {
     "checksum": "85290058e9418e87fb6fb4e40783a67e",
     "grade": false,
     "grade_id": "cell-e15c671059f6e16b",
     "locked": true,
     "schema_version": 1,
     "solution": false
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "Ecrire une fonction **bacS** prenant en paramètre un dictionnaire dont les valeurs sont les coefficients et qui renvoie la somme des coefficients des matières du bac."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "deletable": false,
    "nbgrader": {
     "checksum": "a43f58641a4dbbdb4a9dbc992e33026f",
     "grade": false,
     "grade_id": "cell-11952dc498a3edf2",
     "locked": false,
     "schema_version": 1,
     "solution": true
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def bacS(dico):\n",
    "    # YOUR CODE HERE\n",
    "    raise NotImplementedError()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "deletable": false,
    "editable": false,
    "nbgrader": {
     "checksum": "a87ba538c24347d9d94d4c84548d689e",
     "grade": true,
     "grade_id": "cell-93a50ab1d85f2564",
     "locked": true,
     "points": 1,
     "schema_version": 1,
     "solution": false
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "dicoTest = coeffBacS={\"ISN\":2,\"Maths\":7, \"Francais Oral\":2, \"Physique Chimie\":6, \"SVT\":6, \"HGéo\":3, \"LV1\":3, \"TPE\":2}\n",
    "\n",
    "assert bacS(dicoTest) == 31"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "deletable": false,
    "editable": false,
    "nbgrader": {
     "checksum": "30c71dd58c532755bcca998bedeebbd3",
     "grade": false,
     "grade_id": "cell-5b9ee440c83edf30",
     "locked": true,
     "schema_version": 1,
     "solution": false
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## Exercice"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "deletable": false,
    "editable": false,
    "nbgrader": {
     "checksum": "5cdac2e5bd5658e453eca9030d67a5d0",
     "grade": false,
     "grade_id": "cell-9dfaab0141a60364",
     "locked": true,
     "schema_version": 1,
     "solution": false
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "Ecrire une fonction **dicoCarres** prenant en paramètre un entier $n$ et renvoyant un dictionnaire dont les clés sont les entiers de 1 à $n$ et les valeurs sont les carrés de ces nombres"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "deletable": false,
    "nbgrader": {
     "checksum": "574020298b49b9e6860ba57fce920680",
     "grade": false,
     "grade_id": "cell-aebcdceeedf69011",
     "locked": false,
     "schema_version": 1,
     "solution": true
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def dicoCarres(n):\n",
    "    # YOUR CODE HERE\n",
    "    raise NotImplementedError()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "deletable": false,
    "editable": false,
    "nbgrader": {
     "checksum": "a11b8cd4204a58406c5c8770b724ad39",
     "grade": true,
     "grade_id": "cell-501f55a1c18aaa0b",
     "locked": true,
     "points": 1,
     "schema_version": 1,
     "solution": false
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "d = dicoCarres(10)\n",
    "assert d[5] == 25"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "deletable": false,
    "editable": false,
    "nbgrader": {
     "checksum": "f4bdd80c47abfb8a1ca415c4aa348450",
     "grade": false,
     "grade_id": "cell-54de786712973be9",
     "locked": true,
     "schema_version": 1,
     "solution": false
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "Ecrire une fonction **inverseDico** prenant en paramètre un dicitonnaire ***d*** et renvoyant un dictionnaire dont les clés sont les valeurs de ***d*** et les valeurs sont les clés correspondantes.\n",
    "\n",
    "On supposera que les clés et les valeurs sont uniques (comme dans notre dictionnaire des carrés) pour simplifier la tâche."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "deletable": false,
    "nbgrader": {
     "checksum": "168085246814d7f05a4ae884d2f966c2",
     "grade": false,
     "grade_id": "cell-6c442afaeb45b0e8",
     "locked": false,
     "schema_version": 1,
     "solution": true
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def inverseDico(d):\n",
    "    # YOUR CODE HERE\n",
    "    raise NotImplementedError()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {
    "deletable": false,
    "editable": false,
    "nbgrader": {
     "checksum": "3b734b18084afd3d26880a0d1ce30565",
     "grade": true,
     "grade_id": "cell-efe08a94ef08abb6",
     "locked": true,
     "points": 1,
     "schema_version": 1,
     "solution": false
    }
   },
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "d = dicoCarres(10)\n",
    "i = inverseDico(d)\n",
    "assert i[64] == 8"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
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