Cholesterol is a waxy steroid metabolite found in the cell membranes and transported in the blood plasma of all animals. It is an essential structural component of mammalian cell membranes, where it is required to establish proper membrane permeability and fluidity. In addition, cholesterol is an important component for the manufacture of bile acids, steroid hormones, and several fat-soluble vitamins. Cholesterol is the principal sterol synthesized by animals, but small quantities are synthesized in other eukaryotes, such as plants and fungi. It is almost completely absent among prokaryotes, which include bacteria.
Source: [[wikipedia:Cholesterol|Wikipedia]]This pathway was inferred from Homo sapiens pathway [http://www.wikipathways.org/index.php?title=Pathway:WP197&oldid=21093 WP197(r21093)] with a 88% conversion rate.cb0af4c95e3ef61b27bb3NAD(P) dependent steroid dehydrogenase-likecholesterol biosynthetic pathwayPW:0000454Pathway Ontology8552601PubMedCloning and characterization of ERG25, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene encoding C-4 sterol methyl oxidase.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A1996Bard MBruner DAPierson CALees NDBiermann BFrye LKoegel CBarbuch R11969204PubMedMembrane-bound enzymes of cholesterol synthesis from lanosterol.Biochem Biophys Res Commun2002Gaylor JL8663358PubMedCharacterization of yeast methyl sterol oxidase (ERG25) and identification of a human homologue.J Biol Chem1996Li LKaplan J10369263PubMedThe gene mutated in bare patches and striated mice encodes a novel 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase.Nat Genet1999Liu XYDangel AWKelley RIZhao WDenny PBotcherby MCattanach BPeters JHunsicker PRMallon AMStrivens MABate RMiller WRhodes MBrown SDHerman GE12837764PubMedLocalization of mammalian NAD(P)H steroid dehydrogenase-like protein on lipid droplets.J Biol Chem2003Ohashi MMizushima NKabeya YYoshimori T8407863PubMedGeranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase catalyzing the single condensation between isopentenyl diphosphate and farnesyl diphosphate.J Biochem1993Sagami HKorenaga TOgura K9498553PubMedStructural and evolutionary studies on sterol 14-demethylase P450 (CYP51), the most conserved P450 monooxygenase: I. Structural analyses of the gene and multiple sizes of mRNA.J Biochem1997Noshiro MAoyama YKawamoto TGotoh OHoriuchi TYoshida Y