'''Aflatoxins''' are naturally occurring [[wikipedia:mycotoxin|mycotoxin]]s that are produced by many species of ''[[wikipedia:Aspergillus|Aspergillus]]'', a [[wikipedia:fungus|fungus]], most notably ''[[wikipedia:Aspergillus flavus|Aspergillus flavus]]'' and ''[[wikipedia:Aspergillus parasiticus|Aspergillus parasiticus]]''. After entering the body, aflatoxins are metabolized by the liver to a reactive intermediate, aflatoxin M₁, an [[wikipedia:epoxide|epoxide]]. Aflatoxin B1 is considered the most toxic and is produced by both Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Source: [[wikipedia:Aflatoxin|Wikipedia]] This pathway was inferred from Homo sapiens pathway [http://www.wikipathways.org/index.php?title=Pathway:WP699&oldid=30253 WP699(r30253)] with a 50% conversion rate. c71 b3a b7a ae4 fe0 ee4 a84 cb5 e9f ce3 e9f ce3 aflatoxin metabolic pathway PW:0001366 Pathway Ontology 16584116 PubMed Cytochrome P450s and other enzymes in drug metabolism and toxicity. AAPS J 2006 Guengerich FP 11440964 PubMed Role of genetic polymorphism of glutathione-S-transferase T1 and microsomal epoxide hydrolase in aflatoxin-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2001 Tiemersma EW Omer RE Bunschoten A van't Veer P Kok FJ Idris MO Kadaru AM Fedail SS Kampman E 12724730 PubMed Translational strategies for cancer prevention in liver. Nat Rev Cancer 2003 Kensler TW Qian GS Chen JG Groopman JD 12067245 PubMed Reaction of aflatoxin B(1) oxidation products with lysine. Chem Res Toxicol 2002 Guengerich FP Arneson KO Williams KM Deng Z Harris TM 11409944 PubMed Reduction of aflatoxin B1 dialdehyde by rat and human aldo-keto reductases. Chem Res Toxicol 2001 Guengerich FP Cai H McMahon M Hayes JD Sutter TR Groopman JD Deng Z Harris TM 10506113 PubMed Glutathione S-transferase-catalyzed conjugation of bioactivated aflatoxin B(1) in human lung: differential cellular distribution and lack of significance of the GSTM1 genetic polymorphism. Carcinogenesis 1999 Stewart RK Smith GB Donnelly PJ Reid KR Petsikas D Conlan AA Massey TE 18949601 PubMed The aldo-keto reductase superfamily and its role in drug metabolism and detoxification. Drug Metab Rev 2008 Barski OA Tipparaju SM Bhatnagar A 16970545 PubMed Aldo-keto reductases and bioactivation/detoxication. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2007 Jin Y Penning TM 16815959 PubMed CYP2A13 in human respiratory tissues and lung cancers: an immunohistochemical study with a new peptide-specific antibody. Drug Metab Dispos 2006 Zhu LR Thomas PE Lu G Reuhl KR Yang GY Wang LD Wang SL Yang CS He XY Hong JY 16385575 PubMed Efficient activation of aflatoxin B1 by cytochrome P450 2A13, an enzyme predominantly expressed in human respiratory tract. Int J Cancer 2006 He XY Tang L Wang SL Cai QS Wang JS Hong JY