Mammalian cells have evolved a set of specialized pattern recognition-molecules (PRMs) to detect conserved molecular motifs present on pathogens known as pathogen-associated-molecular-patterns (PAMPs). NLR proteins (alternatively named NBD-LRR or CATERPILLER) represent one subclass of PRMs that have recently attracted much attention. Their cytoplasmic location differs from the classical PRMs which are mostly membrane spanning receptors (such as the Toll-like-receptors (TLRs) or lectins) and accordingly NLRs were proposed to be activated mainly by intracellular bacterial pathogens. This pathway was inferred from Homo sapiens pathway [http://www.wikipathways.org/index.php?title=Pathway:WP288&oldid=28883 WP288(r28883)] with a 50% conversion rate. d56 b56 f81 f78 b26 c28 Kinase domain of RIP2 Type your comment here Type your comment here Type your comment here Type your comment here Type your comment here Inflammasome pathway c28 NOD-like receptor signaling pathway PW:0000817 Pathway Ontology 18414735 PubMed Signal transduction pathways used by NLR-type innate immune receptors. Mol Biosyst 2008 Kufer TA 17110941 PubMed Nod-like proteins in immunity, inflammation and disease. Nat Immunol 2006 Fritz JH Ferrero RL Philpott DJ Girardin SE 16823444 PubMed Intracellular pattern recognition receptors in the host response. Nature 2006 Meylan E Tschopp J Karin M 18585455 PubMed NOD-like receptors (NLRs): bona fide intracellular microbial sensors. Curr Opin Immunol 2008 Shaw MH Reimer T Kim YG Nu�ez G 18161746 PubMed Nod-like proteins in inflammation and disease. J Pathol 2008 Carneiro LA Magalhaes JG Tattoli I Philpott DJ Travassos LH 17186029 PubMed Inflammasome adaptors and sensors: intracellular regulators of infection and inflammation. Nat Rev Immunol 2007 Mariathasan S Monack DM