Vitamin B12 is a water soluble, organic compound and essential nutrient involved in the everyday functioning of the nervous system and the brain. Vitamin B12 is involved in the preservation and regeneration of the myelin shealth - the protective fatty layer that acts as an insulator in nerve axons. Animals store vitamin B12 in liver and muscle and therefore eggs, milk, meat, liver are sources of the vitamin. Problems in metabolism of vitamin B12 lead to "persistent" lack of energy to perform every day tasks. The genes and pathways highlighted above describe several routes through which genes and metabolites involved in B12 metabolism are interconnected. Central B12 metabolism nodes include folate metabolism and the synthesis of the citric acid cycle intermediates and succinyl-CoA, cyanocobalamin into methylcobalamin conversion, tyrosine nitration and riboflavin pathways. Proteins on this pathway have targeted assays available via the [https://assays.cancer.gov/available_assays?wp_id=WP1533 CPTAC Assay Portal]. Prostaglandin E2 f03 eb6 c15 f21 Monocyte Chemotactic Protein 1 CCL2 efb c59 fa8 Prostaglandin F2a f03 add bc2 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 2 f11 gastric intrinsic factor (vitamin B synthesis) Also known as GIF b9d a45 efe c5d transcobalamin II; macrocytic anemia b9d a45 efe d55 e35 a7d f6b dfc bc2 bc2 f21 b53 Vitamin E c52 ed9 b39 fb3 fb5 caf be9 bc2 Monocyte Chemotactic Protein 1 CCL2 efb c59 Prostaglandin E2 f03 eb6 c15 b63 f04 d63 a40 Prostaglandin E1 e06 afd Prostaglandin F2a f03 add nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 3, p65 transcobalamin II; macrocytic anemia b9d a45 efe d55 e35 a7d f6b be4 f21 Haptocorrin transcobalamin I (vitamin B12 binding protein, R binder family) efe b9d a45 Prostaglandin E1 e06 afd Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2 b9d cbb dd3 cubilin (intrinsic factor-cobalamin receptor) b9d a45 efe ee0 de1 dd3 fa8 Vitamin E c52 ed9 b39 fb3 fb5 caf be9 f21 f03 d18 nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p50 subunit EC 3.1.2.17 (S)-methylmalonyl-CoA hydrolase f3c b13 EC 1.16.1.4 cob(II)alamin reductase c84 d38 EC 2.5.1.17 methylmalonic aciduria (cobalamin deficiency) cblB type Also known as ATR efe EC 2.5.1.6 Methionine adenosyltransferase e4d EC 2.1.1.13 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase Also known as MS fe7 c2d b2a a7c efe a73 ba2 EC 5.1.99.1 methylmalonyl CoA epimerase f3c EC 1.16.1.8 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase reductase c3a a7c c84 dfc EC 5.4.99.2 methylmalonyl Coenzyme A mutase Also known as MCM b9d de2 c12 EC 2.1.2.1 Serine hydroxymethyltransferase c29 af8 EC 4.2.1.22 cystathionine-beta-synthase cb6 fe7 Reduced nicotinamide adenine diphosphate Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-Oxidized Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-Oxidized Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-Oxidized EC 1.11.1.7 Myeloperoxidase c2b aac c51 ceb Serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade E (nexin, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1), member 1 f7a EC 3.4.21.68 plasminogen activator, tissue f7a Serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade E (nexin, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1), member 1 f7a EC 3.4.21.68 plasminogen activator, tissue f7a EC 3.4.21.7 Plasminogen f7a EC 3.4.21.5 coagulation factor II (thrombin) f17 cc7 EC 3.4.21.5 coagulation factor II (thrombin) f17 cc7 EC 3.4.21.21 coagulation factor VII (serum prothrombin conversion accelerator) cc7 c0b EC 3.4.21.21 coagulation factor VII (serum prothrombin conversion accelerator) cc7 c0b EC 3.4.21.7 Plasminogen f7a Hydrogen peroxide 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate a2c af8 Creatine anhydride A breakdown product of creatine phosphate in muscle e87 f6b 5-methyltetrahydrofolate Predominant food folate a2c b2a edd ca8 de4 f05 Creatine anhydride A breakdown product of creatine phosphate in muscle e87 f6b 5-methyltetrahydrofolate Predominant food folate a2c b2a edd ca8 de4 f05 EC 1.15.1.1 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular EC 1.15.1.1 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular EC 4.4.1.1 cystathionase fe7 Tetrahydrofolic acid a2c Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-Reduced Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-Reduced Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-Reduced Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide EC 1.5.1.20 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase Homozygous of (MTHFR) 677C-T variant may have enzyme activities up to 50% lower than those without the polymorphism increasing the risk of hyperhomocysteinemia c2d a2c c0b b2a ae8 d77 c22 ba1 fc5 afd efb ca8 de5 edd e87 c0b b2a ae8 d77 c22 ba1 fc5 afd efb ca8 de5 edd e87 EC 1.15.1.1 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Vitamin B6 bf9 cda afd ca8 edd Vitamin B6 bf9 cda afd ca8 edd af8 c29 af8 c29 low-density lipoprotein b63 aac caf ae8 c59 alpha-1-antichymotrypsin serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A (alpha-1 antiproteinase, antitrypsin), member 3 e9b ce6 very-low-density lipoprotein-triglyceride Triglyceride transport de8 low density lipoprotein receptor e9b fc0 high-density lipoprotein cholesterol Cholesterol transport e99 very-low-density lipoprotein de8 ba4 low-density lipoprotein b63 aac caf ae8 c59 high-density lipoprotein e99 c59 ee0 de1 apolipoprotein B de8 scavenger receptor class B, member 1 c7d low-density lipoprotein LDL particle contains 1 molecule of apo B f61 d72 apolipoprotein B de8 very-low-density lipoprotein The VLDL is produced in the liver, contains one molecule of apoB100 de8 oxidized low-density lipoprotein b63 aac caf ae8 c59 low-density lipoprotein cholesterol f61 d72 e38 alpha-1-antichymotrypsin serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A (alpha-1 antiproteinase, antitrypsin), member 3 e9b ce6 e99 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A (ABC1), member 1 e99 c7d serum amyloid A4, constitutive e99 ea2 serum amyloid A3 pseudogene e99 ea2 Triglyceride Triacylglycerol de8 eae high-density lipoprotein cholesterol Cholesterol transport e99 apolipoprotein A-I e99 very-low-density lipoprotein-triglyceride Triglyceride transport de8 oxidized low-density lipoprotein b63 aac caf ae8 c59 low-density lipoprotein cholesterol f61 d72 e38 high-density lipoprotein e99 serum amyloid A1 e99 ea2 Triglyceride Triacylglycerol de8 eae high-density lipoprotein SAA circulates in plasma as a constituent of high density lipoproteins (HDL). e99 ea2 c7d apolipoprotein A-I fc0 eae Nitrotyrosinated apolipoprotein A-I c65 apolipoprotein A-I e99 ee0 de1 very-low-density lipoprotein de8 ba4 serum amyloid A2 e99 ea2 e99 high-density lipoprotein ApoA-I is present on the majority of HDL particles and constitutes aprox 70% of the apolipoprotein content of HDL particles e99 efe de2 efe de2 efe c84 de4 f05 efe b9d a45 ca8 e38 de5 edd f6b cb5 ecc c58 oxidized cobalamin a7c c3a efe c84 efe b9d a45 ca8 e38 de5 edd f6b Reduced cobalamin a7c c3a cfb efe c84 Flavin adenine dinucleotide a7c 8-Hydroxy-deoxyguanosine be4 8-Hydroxy-deoxyguanosine be4 efe c84 de4 f05 e38 e38 EC 1.15.1.1 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Nitric oxide ceb c51 fc5 a73 Nitrate Nitrogen dioxide ozone Hypochlorite Nitrous acid Dinitrogen oxide Nitrous oxide a73 c12 ba2 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrin_degradation_product f7a a00 tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2) dde d77 e34 b4a Glycated hemoglobin http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycated_hemoglobin cef af4 d08 ca8 interleukin 1, beta b78 d77 Insulin receptor b4a e66 interleukin 6 (interferon, beta 2) d77 af4 interferon, gamma bd7 albumin c31 dd3 Insulin b4a b59 cb5 Insulin b4a b59 cb5 albumin c31 dd3 f17 f7a CCL5 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 fa8 a06 interleukin 6 (interferon, beta 2) d77 af4 ecc ed1 hemoglobin, alpha 1 cef http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrin_degradation_product f7a a00 soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 e34 cd0 c22 interleukin 1, beta b78 d77 c15 interferon, gamma bd7 tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2) dde d77 e34 b4a c58 c15 hemoglobin, beta cef f17 f7a C-reactive protein, pentraxin-related ed1 caf e34 be5 ca8 a40 CCL5 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 fa8 a06 Glycated hemoglobin http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycated_hemoglobin cef Also known as vitamin B2 ca9 e38 ca9 e38 Superoxide a2c d82 aa7 a2c b2a a2c d82 a2c a7c b54 e4d c84 b9d de2 Methylmalonate de2 f3c c12 de5 Cobalamin Transcobalamin complex b9d a45 efe Methylmalonate de2 f3c b9d de2 f3c Cobalamin Intrinsic factor complex b9d a45 efe Cobalamin haptocorrin complex b9d a45 efe aa7 a2c b2a b9d de2 f3c Cobalamin Transcobalamin complex Holotranscobalamin b9d a45 efe f6b a2c a7c b54 e4d c84 f11 Peroxynitrite c31 c31 b59 cef b59 cef Vitamin C ec4 ed9 c52 be9 Vitamin C ec4 ed9 c52 be9 Vitamin C ec4 ed9 c52 be9 is composed of is composed of is composed of is composed of is composed of is composed of is composed of is composed of is composed of is composed of is composed of From intracellular part to the plasma From intracellular part to the plasma From intracellular part to the plasma From intracellular part to the plasma From intracellular part to the plasma From intracellular part to the plasma 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