Vitamin B12 is a water soluble, organic compound and essential nutrient involved in the everyday functioning of the nervous system and the brain.
Vitamin B12 is involved in the preservation and regeneration of the myelin shealth - the protective fatty layer that acts as an insulator in nerve axons.
Animals store vitamin B12 in liver and muscle and therefore eggs, milk, meat, liver are sources of the vitamin.
Problems in metabolism of vitamin B12 lead to "persistent" lack of energy to perform every day tasks.
The genes and pathways highlighted above describe several routes through which genes and metabolites involved in B12 metabolism are interconnected.
Central B12 metabolism nodes include folate metabolism and the synthesis of the citric acid cycle intermediates and succinyl-CoA, cyanocobalamin into methylcobalamin conversion, tyrosine nitration and riboflavin pathways.
Proteins on this pathway have targeted assays available via the [https://assays.cancer.gov/available_assays?wp_id=WP1533 CPTAC Assay Portal].
Prostaglandin E2
f03
eb6
c15
f21
Monocyte Chemotactic Protein 1
CCL2
efb
c59
fa8
Prostaglandin F2a
f03
add
bc2
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 2
f11
gastric intrinsic factor (vitamin B synthesis)
Also known as GIF
b9d
a45
efe
c5d
transcobalamin II; macrocytic anemia
b9d
a45
efe
d55
e35
a7d
f6b
dfc
bc2
bc2
f21
b53
Vitamin E
c52
ed9
b39
fb3
fb5
caf
be9
bc2
Monocyte Chemotactic Protein 1
CCL2
efb
c59
Prostaglandin E2
f03
eb6
c15
b63
f04
d63
a40
Prostaglandin E1
e06
afd
Prostaglandin F2a
f03
add
nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells 3, p65
transcobalamin II; macrocytic anemia
b9d
a45
efe
d55
e35
a7d
f6b
be4
f21
Haptocorrin
transcobalamin I (vitamin B12 binding protein, R binder family)
efe
b9d
a45
Prostaglandin E1
e06
afd
Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2
b9d
cbb
dd3
cubilin (intrinsic factor-cobalamin receptor)
b9d
a45
efe
ee0
de1
dd3
fa8
Vitamin E
c52
ed9
b39
fb3
fb5
caf
be9
f21
f03
d18
nuclear factor NF-kappa-B p50 subunit
EC 3.1.2.17
(S)-methylmalonyl-CoA hydrolase
f3c
b13
EC 1.16.1.4
cob(II)alamin reductase
c84
d38
EC 2.5.1.17
methylmalonic aciduria (cobalamin deficiency) cblB type
Also known as ATR
efe
EC 2.5.1.6
Methionine adenosyltransferase
e4d
EC 2.1.1.13
5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase
Also known as MS
fe7
c2d
b2a
a7c
efe
a73
ba2
EC 5.1.99.1
methylmalonyl CoA epimerase
f3c
EC 1.16.1.8
5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase reductase
c3a
a7c
c84
dfc
EC 5.4.99.2
methylmalonyl Coenzyme A mutase
Also known as MCM
b9d
de2
c12
EC 2.1.2.1
Serine hydroxymethyltransferase
c29
af8
EC 4.2.1.22
cystathionine-beta-synthase
cb6
fe7
Reduced nicotinamide adenine diphosphate
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-Oxidized
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-Oxidized
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-Oxidized
EC 1.11.1.7
Myeloperoxidase
c2b
aac
c51
ceb
Serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade E (nexin, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1), member 1
f7a
EC 3.4.21.68
plasminogen activator, tissue
f7a
Serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade E (nexin, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1), member 1
f7a
EC 3.4.21.68
plasminogen activator, tissue
f7a
EC 3.4.21.7
Plasminogen
f7a
EC 3.4.21.5
coagulation factor II (thrombin)
f17
cc7
EC 3.4.21.5
coagulation factor II (thrombin)
f17
cc7
EC 3.4.21.21
coagulation factor VII (serum prothrombin conversion accelerator)
cc7
c0b
EC 3.4.21.21
coagulation factor VII (serum prothrombin conversion accelerator)
cc7
c0b
EC 3.4.21.7
Plasminogen
f7a
Hydrogen peroxide
5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate
a2c
af8
Creatine anhydride
A breakdown product of creatine phosphate in muscle
e87
f6b
5-methyltetrahydrofolate
Predominant food folate
a2c
b2a
edd
ca8
de4
f05
Creatine anhydride
A breakdown product of creatine phosphate in muscle
e87
f6b
5-methyltetrahydrofolate
Predominant food folate
a2c
b2a
edd
ca8
de4
f05
EC 1.15.1.1
superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular
EC 1.15.1.1
superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular
EC 4.4.1.1
cystathionase
fe7
Tetrahydrofolic acid
a2c
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-Reduced
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-Reduced
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-Reduced
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
EC 1.5.1.20
5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
Homozygous of (MTHFR) 677C-T variant may have enzyme activities up to 50% lower than those without the polymorphism increasing the risk of hyperhomocysteinemia
c2d
a2c
c0b
b2a
ae8
d77
c22
ba1
fc5
afd
efb
ca8
de5
edd
e87
c0b
b2a
ae8
d77
c22
ba1
fc5
afd
efb
ca8
de5
edd
e87
EC 1.15.1.1
superoxide dismutase 1, soluble
Vitamin B6
bf9
cda
afd
ca8
edd
Vitamin B6
bf9
cda
afd
ca8
edd
af8
c29
af8
c29
low-density lipoprotein
b63
aac
caf
ae8
c59
alpha-1-antichymotrypsin
serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A (alpha-1 antiproteinase, antitrypsin), member 3
e9b
ce6
very-low-density lipoprotein-triglyceride
Triglyceride transport
de8
low density lipoprotein receptor
e9b
fc0
high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
Cholesterol transport
e99
very-low-density lipoprotein
de8
ba4
low-density lipoprotein
b63
aac
caf
ae8
c59
high-density lipoprotein
e99
c59
ee0
de1
apolipoprotein B
de8
scavenger receptor class B, member 1
c7d
low-density lipoprotein
LDL particle contains 1 molecule of apo B
f61
d72
apolipoprotein B
de8
very-low-density lipoprotein
The VLDL is produced in the liver, contains one molecule of apoB100
de8
oxidized low-density lipoprotein
b63
aac
caf
ae8
c59
low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
f61
d72
e38
alpha-1-antichymotrypsin
serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A (alpha-1 antiproteinase, antitrypsin), member 3
e9b
ce6
e99
ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A (ABC1), member 1
e99
c7d
serum amyloid A4, constitutive
e99
ea2
serum amyloid A3 pseudogene
e99
ea2
Triglyceride
Triacylglycerol
de8
eae
high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
Cholesterol transport
e99
apolipoprotein A-I
e99
very-low-density lipoprotein-triglyceride
Triglyceride transport
de8
oxidized low-density lipoprotein
b63
aac
caf
ae8
c59
low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
f61
d72
e38
high-density lipoprotein
e99
serum amyloid A1
e99
ea2
Triglyceride
Triacylglycerol
de8
eae
high-density lipoprotein
SAA circulates in plasma as a constituent of high density lipoproteins (HDL).
e99
ea2
c7d
apolipoprotein A-I
fc0
eae
Nitrotyrosinated apolipoprotein A-I
c65
apolipoprotein A-I
e99
ee0
de1
very-low-density lipoprotein
de8
ba4
serum amyloid A2
e99
ea2
e99
high-density lipoprotein
ApoA-I is present on the majority of HDL particles and constitutes aprox 70% of the apolipoprotein content of HDL particles
e99
efe
de2
efe
de2
efe
c84
de4
f05
efe
b9d
a45
ca8
e38
de5
edd
f6b
cb5
ecc
c58
oxidized cobalamin
a7c
c3a
efe
c84
efe
b9d
a45
ca8
e38
de5
edd
f6b
Reduced cobalamin
a7c
c3a
cfb
efe
c84
Flavin adenine dinucleotide
a7c
8-Hydroxy-deoxyguanosine
be4
8-Hydroxy-deoxyguanosine
be4
efe
c84
de4
f05
e38
e38
EC 1.15.1.1
superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial
Nitric oxide
ceb
c51
fc5
a73
Nitrate
Nitrogen dioxide
ozone
Hypochlorite
Nitrous acid
Dinitrogen oxide
Nitrous oxide
a73
c12
ba2
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrin_degradation_product
f7a
a00
tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2)
dde
d77
e34
b4a
Glycated hemoglobin
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycated_hemoglobin
cef
af4
d08
ca8
interleukin 1, beta
b78
d77
Insulin receptor
b4a
e66
interleukin 6 (interferon, beta 2)
d77
af4
interferon, gamma
bd7
albumin
c31
dd3
Insulin
b4a
b59
cb5
Insulin
b4a
b59
cb5
albumin
c31
dd3
f17
f7a
CCL5
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5
fa8
a06
interleukin 6 (interferon, beta 2)
d77
af4
ecc
ed1
hemoglobin, alpha 1
cef
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrin_degradation_product
f7a
a00
soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1
e34
cd0
c22
interleukin 1, beta
b78
d77
c15
interferon, gamma
bd7
tumor necrosis factor (TNF superfamily, member 2)
dde
d77
e34
b4a
c58
c15
hemoglobin, beta
cef
f17
f7a
C-reactive protein, pentraxin-related
ed1
caf
e34
be5
ca8
a40
CCL5
chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5
fa8
a06
Glycated hemoglobin
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycated_hemoglobin
cef
Also known as vitamin B2
ca9
e38
ca9
e38
Superoxide
a2c
d82
aa7
a2c
b2a
a2c
d82
a2c
a7c
b54
e4d
c84
b9d
de2
Methylmalonate
de2
f3c
c12
de5
Cobalamin Transcobalamin complex
b9d
a45
efe
Methylmalonate
de2
f3c
b9d
de2
f3c
Cobalamin Intrinsic factor complex
b9d
a45
efe
Cobalamin haptocorrin complex
b9d
a45
efe
aa7
a2c
b2a
b9d
de2
f3c
Cobalamin Transcobalamin complex
Holotranscobalamin
b9d
a45
efe
f6b
a2c
a7c
b54
e4d
c84
f11
Peroxynitrite
c31
c31
b59
cef
b59
cef
Vitamin C
ec4
ed9
c52
be9
Vitamin C
ec4
ed9
c52
be9
Vitamin C
ec4
ed9
c52
be9
is composed of
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From intracellular part to the plasma
From intracellular part to the plasma
From intracellular part to the plasma
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From intracellular part to the plasma
From intracellular part to the plasma
From intracellular part to the plasma
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From intracellular part to the plasma
From intracellular part to the plasma
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From intracellular part to the plasma
From intracellular part to the plasma
From intracellular part to the plasma
From intracellular part to the plasma
From intracellular part to the plasma
From intracellular part to the plasma
From intracellular part to the plasma
From intracellular part to the plasma
From intracellular part to the plasma
From intracellular part to the plasma
From intracellular part to the plasma
From intracellular part to the plasma
From intracellular part to the plasma
From intracellular part to the plasma
From intracellular part to the plasma
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From intracellular part to the plasma
From intracellular part to the plasma
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fec
de4
f05
aff
fec
c2b
e26
d77
d53
b78
dde
b42
bd7
d77
c22
a06
ae2
ca8
d08
af4
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