This pathway shows the role of microRNAs in the process of cardiac hypertrophy.
MicroRNA targets were predicted by the TargetScan algorithm, and the predicted interactions are shown in red dashed lines.
MicroRNAs are shown as purple rounded rectangles.
It is not sure which WNT and frizzled proteins influence cardiac hypertrophy. Though there are strong indications that WNT3A, WNT5A, frizzled1 and frizzled2 play a role in cardiac hypertrophy. Thus these have been added to the pathway instead of all the WNT and frizzled proteins. Experiments which will shed light on this are still being done.
Proteins on this pathway have targeted assays available via the [https://assays.cancer.gov/available_assays?wp_id=WP1544 CPTAC Assay Portal]e83e83e83e83b12e83df3df3fbef1ff1ff1fdf3df3f1fdf3dd8df3ec617468766PubMedMicroRNA-133 controls cardiac hypertrophy.Nat Med2007CarèACatalucci DFelicetti FBonci DAddario AGallo PBang MLSegnalini PGu YDalton NDElia LLatronico MVHøydal MAutore CRusso MADorn GW 2ndEllingsen ORuiz-Lozano PPeterson KLCroce CMPeschle CCondorelli G11055975PubMedCalcineurin and beyond: cardiac hypertrophic signaling.Circ Res2000Molkentin JD11101507PubMedThe MEK1-ERK1/2 signaling pathway promotes compensated cardiac hypertrophy in transgenic mice.EMBO J2000Bueno OFDe Windt LJTymitz KMWitt SAKimball TRKlevitsky RHewett TEJones SPLefer DJPeng CFKitsis RNMolkentin JDhypertrophic cardimyopathy pathwayPW:0000296Pathway Ontology9253712PubMedCardiotrophin-1 and the role of gp130-dependent signaling pathways in cardiac growth and development.J Mol Med1997Wollert KCChien KR20407820PubMedSTAT3 and cardiac remodeling.Heart Fail Rev2010Haghikia AStapel BHoch MHilfiker-Kleiner D16936699PubMedRegulation of cardiac hypertrophy by intracellular signalling pathways.Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol2006Heineke JMolkentin JD10615383PubMedSignal transduction during cardiac hypertrophy: the role of G alpha q, PLC beta I, and PKC.Cardiovasc Res1999Jalili TTakeishi YWalsh RA18342376PubMedThe Wnt/frizzled/GSK-3 beta pathway: a novel therapeutic target for cardiac hypertrophy.Trends Pharmacol Sci2008Blankesteijn WMvan de Schans VAter Horst PSmits JF10086361PubMedCalcineurin and human heart failure.Nat Med1999Lim HWMolkentin JD10864911PubMedTransgenic overexpression of constitutively active protein kinase C epsilon causes concentric cardiac hypertrophy.Circ Res2000Takeishi YPing PBolli RKirkpatrick DLHoit BDWalsh RA9568714PubMedA calcineurin-dependent transcriptional pathway for cardiac hypertrophy.Cell1998Molkentin JDLu JRAntos CLMarkham BRichardson JRobbins JGrant SROlson EN10698680PubMedThe PI3K-PDK1 connection: more than just a road to PKB.Biochem J2000Vanhaesebroeck BAlessi DRmiRNA pathwayPW:0000808Pathway Ontology10827130PubMedSmall guanine nucleotide-binding proteins and myocardial hypertrophy.Circ Res2000Clerk ASugden PH9488659PubMedCardiac hypertrophy induced by mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7, a specific activator for c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase in ventricular muscle cells.J Biol Chem1998Wang YSu BSah VPBrown JHHan JChien KR10189350PubMedPrevention of cardiac hypertrophy by calcineurin inhibition: hope or hype?Circ Res1999Olson ENMolkentin JD19018142PubMedMicroRNA: novel regulators involved in the remodeling and reverse remodeling of the heart.Cardiology2009Wang JXu RLin FZhang SZhang GHu SZheng Zheart diseaseDOID:114Disease8621626PubMedCardiotrophin-1 activates a distinct form of cardiac muscle cell hypertrophy. Assembly of sarcomeric units in series VIA gp130/leukemia inhibitory factor receptor-dependent pathways.J Biol Chem1996Wollert KCTaga TSaito MNarazaki MKishimoto TGlembotski CCVernallis ABHeath JKPennica DWood WIChien KR