Cell-matrix adhesions play essential roles in important biological processes including cell motility, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, regulation of gene expression and cell survival. At the cell-extracellular matrix contact points, specialized structures are formed and termed focal adhesions, where bundles of actin filaments are anchored to transmembrane receptors of the integrin family through a multi-molecular complex of junctional plaque proteins. Some of the constituents of focal adhesions participate in the structural link between membrane receptors and the actin cytoskeleton, while others are signalling molecules, including different protein kinases and phosphatases, their substrates, and various adapter proteins. Integrin signaling is dependent upon the non-receptor tyrosine kinase activities of the FAK and src proteins as well as the adaptor protein functions of FAK, src and Shc to initiate downstream signaling events. These signalling events culminate in reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton; a prerequisite for changes in cell shape and motility, and gene expression. Similar morphological alterations and modulation of gene expression are initiated by the binding of growth factors to their respective receptors, emphasizing the considerable crosstalk between adhesion- and growth factor-mediated signalling. b50 c61 d8a b72 bd6 c9e ae80e bff c3a c43 be2 a7099 d7886 ddf14 a93 fed d31 tenascin R vitronectin integrin, alpha 7 integrin, alpha M integrin, beta 1 integrin, beta 2 integrin, beta 6 integrin, beta 7 RAP1A; RAP1A member of RAS oncogene family RAP1B; RAP1B member of RAS oncogene family SHC1; SHC (Src homology 2 domain containing) transforming protein 1 SHC3; neuronal Sh ZYX; zyxin CAV1; caveolin 1 caveolae protein 22kD CAV3; caveolin 3 FYN; FYN oncogene related to SRC FGR YES [EC:2.7.1.112] GRB2; growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 SRC; v-src sarcoma (Schmidt-Ruppin A-2) viral oncogene homolog (avian) [EC:2.7.1.112] ILK; integrin-linked kinase [EC:2.7.1.-] CAV2; caveolin 2 actinin, alpha 1 chondroadherin collagen, type II, alpha 1 collagen, type III, alpha 1 collagen, type IV, alpha 1 collagen, type IV, alpha 4 collagen, type V, alpha 1 collagen, type I, alpha 1 fibronectin 1 integrin-binding sialoprotein laminin, gamma 2 reelin secreted phosphoprotein 1 BLK proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase epidermal growth factor receptor v-erb-b2 avian erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene 2 FGR proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase FMS-related tyrosine kinase 1 hemopoietic cell kinase insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase platelet derived growth factor receptor, alpha polypeptide platelet derived growth factor receptor, beta polypeptide src-related kinase lacking C-terminal regulatory tyrosine and N-terminal myristylation sites TXK tyrosine kinase testis-specific kinase 2 tyrosine kinase, non-receptor, 2 ARAF1; v-raf murine sarcoma 3611 viral oncogene homolog 1 [EC:2.7.1.-] MAPK7; mitogen-activated protein kinase 7 [EC:2.7.1.- MAP2K5; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 5 [EC:2.7.1.-] MAP2K6; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6 [EC:2.7.1.- MAPK12; mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 [EC:2.7.1.-] MAPK1; mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 [EC:2.7.1.-] MAPK6; mitogen-activated protein kinase 6 [EC:2.7.1.-] MAP2K2; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 2 [EC:2.7.1.-] MAP2K3; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3 [EC:2.7.1.-] MAP2K1; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 [EC:2.7.1.-] PTK2; PTK2 protein tyrosine kinase 2 [EC:2.7.1.112 Rho GTPase activating protein 5 ras homolog family member B paxillin calpain 1, (mu/I) large subunit ras homolog family member A 3-phosphoinositide dependent protein kinase-1 v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 2 Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1 Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2 phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 5-kinase, type I, gamma myosin light chain kinase 2 actin, beta actin, gamma 1 glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta phosphoinositide-3-kinase, regulatory subunit 1 phosphoinositide-3-kinase, regulatory subunit 2 (beta) phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit beta phosphatase and tensin homolog ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 (rho family, small GTP binding protein Rac2) p21 protein (Cdc42/Rac)-activated kinase 1 p21 protein (Cdc42/Rac)-activated kinase 3 p21 protein (Cdc42/Rac)-activated kinase 2 platelet derived growth factor C vascular endothelial growth factor A vascular endothelial growth factor B vascular endothelial growth factor C breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance 1 v-crk avian sarcoma virus CT10 oncogene homolog Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor cell division cycle 42 BCL2-associated agonist of cell death B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 baculoviral IAP repeat-containing 2 baculoviral IAP repeat-containing 3 X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis, also known as Birc4, Api3, riap3 mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 jun proto-oncogene cyclin D1 cyclin D2 collagen, type XI, alpha 1 collagen, type V, alpha 2 collagen, type VI, alpha 2 laminin, alpha 3 laminin, alpha 4 laminin, alpha 5 laminin, beta 2 laminin, beta 3 thrombospondin 1 thrombospondin 2 thrombospondin 3 tenascin C collagen, type IV, alpha 6 tenascin XB unknown gene product, LOC235580 was replaced by Col6a4 collagen, type VI, alpha 4 (M. musculus), Gene ID: 68553, updated on 17-Mar-2015 platelet derived growth factor D platelet-derived growth factor beta polypeptide kinase insert domain receptor integrin, beta 5 integrin, beta 3 integrin, alpha E integrin, alpha V integrin, alpha L integrin, alpha D integrin, alpha 8 integrin, alpha 9 integrin, alpha 2B integrin, alpha 6 integrin, alpha 2B filamin A, alpha talin 1 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit alpha mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 cyclin D3 SOS1; son of sevenless homolog 1 (Drosophila) mitogen activated protein kinase 14, synonym: Mapk14, RK; Hog; p38; CRK1; CSBP; Exip; Mxi2; CSPB1; Csbp1; Csbp2; Prkm14; Prkm15; Sapk2A; p38Hog; p38alpha Harvey rat sarcoma virus oncogene, also known as H-ras, HRAS1, c-H-ras VCL; vinculin VASP; vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein DOCK1; dedicator of cyto-kinesis RAF1; v-raf-1 murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1 [EC:2.7.1.-] BRAF; v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 [EC:2.7.1.-] B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase SEPP1; selenoprotein P plasma MAPK4; mitogen-activated protein kinase 4 [EC:2.7.1.-] ELK1, member of ETS oncogene family also known as LOC688319, ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 3 (rho family, small GTP binding protein Rac3) vav 1 guanine nucleotide exchange factor v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 3 protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 12A

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