This pathway shows the relationship between BRAF signaling and the development and behavior of pilocytic astrocytoma (PA), normally induced by MAPK pathway activation. BRAF is related in two alternative mechanisms in MAPK activation. The first is oncogenic fusion between SRGAP3 and RAF1, highlighted in yellow. The second is a 3 basepair insertion in BRAF (KIAA1549), also highlighted in yellow. This pathway is based on Figure 3 "An overview of MAPK pathway alterations in PAs" from [Jones et al](https://doi.org/10.1038/onc.2009.73). a4c RTKs have to be activated first "RTK promotes Ras activation through recruitement of Grb2/Sos complexes" [PMID:17496910] de1 17496910 PubMed Integrating signals from RTKs to ERK/MAPK. Oncogene 2007 McKay MM Morrison DK mitogen activated protein kinase signaling pathway PW:0000007 Pathway Ontology glioma pathway PW:0000711 Pathway Ontology 19363522 PubMed Oncogenic RAF1 rearrangement and a novel BRAF mutation as alternatives to KIAA1549:BRAF fusion in activating the MAPK pathway in pilocytic astrocytoma. Oncogene 2009 Jones DT Kocialkowski S Liu L Pearson DM Ichimura K Collins VP cancer DOID:162 Disease pilocytic astrocytoma DOID:4851 Disease astrocytoma DOID:3069 Disease