This pathway provides an overview of cell types, therapeutic targets, drugs, new proposed targets and pathways implicated in spinal cord injury. Spinal cord injury is a complex multistep process that involves the regulation of gene expression and signaling in motor neurons, oligodentrocytes, microglia, and astrocytes that trigger immediate immune responses lasting several weeks. Within 24 hours, chemoattractants and cytokines released from the site of injury activate neutrophils which further recruit B and T cells or recruit monocytes that ultimately result in infiltration and activation by microglia and macrophages. These immune responses result in inflammation, excitotoxicity, cell death, formation of glial scar, and suppression of axonal regeneration. An increase in the expression of cell cycle genes further results in proliferation of astrocytes and microglia that leads to apoptosis and necrosis of oligodentrocytes and neurons. An example therapy is the administration of the immunosuppressant FK506, also used in transplantation to offer neuroprotection. Proteins on this pathway have targeted assays available via the [CPTAC Assay Portal](https://assays.cancer.gov/available_assays?wp_id=WP2431). dce bc2 d54 d33 c5f e7b f41 db9 e9c fed da7 e7b ab0 f7f ad5 dad d87 d87 d87 d87 e0c ea4 c8a d87 f8f aef f6b bc0 b6f b6f b6f f35 abd bd3 fce da7 c0d db9 a11 a11 abe ef0 eac bd9 e0c f5c ec6 f76 b75 ad1 ad1 bd9 e0c f1e b55 b55 f5c b75 dc5 d81 17698296 PubMed Caspase-3 activity is reduced after spinal cord injury in mice lacking dynorphin: differential effects on glia and neurons. Neuroscience 2007 Adjan VV Hauser KF Bakalkin G Yakovleva T Gharibyan A Scheff SW Knapp PE 19770517 PubMed Pathogenic antibodies are active participants in spinal cord injury. 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