(A) FB-derived exosomes enriched with miR-21-3p or Spp1 and EGFR proteins are transferred to CMs, leading to CM hypertrophy. (B) EVs secreted from CMs or MSCs, as well as circulating EVs exert regulatory effects on CM apoptosis. (C) CM-derived exosomal HSP90 together with secreted IL-6 are able to activate STAT-3 signaling in cardiac FBs, leading to cardiac fibrosis; whereas CM-derived exosomes from exercised diabetic mice express high levels of miR-29b and miR-455, thus reducing cardiac fibrosis. (D) EVs secreted from CMs or MSCs are transferred to ECs, exerting pro- or anti-angiogenic activities. Description from Bei et al. da0 cardiac muscle cell CL:0000746 Cell Ontology fibroblast of cardiac tissue CL:0002548 Cell Ontology cardiac endothelial cell CL:0010008 Cell Ontology 29158817 PubMed Extracellular Vesicles in Cardiovascular Theranostics. Theranostics 2017 Bei Y Das S Rodosthenous RS Holvoet P Vanhaverbeke M Monteiro MC Monteiro VVS Radosinska J Bartekova M Jansen F Li Q Rajasingh J Xiao J