Congenital hypothyroidism is a genetic hormonal disorder regarding the thyroid hormone. Due dyshormonogenesis, the production of the thyroid hormones is impaired resulting in increased birth weight, reduced LDL breakdown, decreased lipolysis, impaired glucose metabolism and decreased body temperature. Above, an overview of thyroid hormones production occurring in thyroid gland and their relevant downstream signalling is displayed. As the legend states, genes known te be affected by mutations leading to congenital hypothyroidism are colored red.
MTORC1
eca
e7d
eca
c13
a79
c93
ddc
b42
d09
c32
e8e
eca
a3e
e8e
fc4
f7c
eca
b42
a0d
ddc
afe
f7c
e7d
cd1
a79
c13
c32
f52
ca5
f7c
c13
cd1
c2e
c77
f7c
cd1
d09
eca
c13
b74
ae7
e69
fcf
bcd
c32
a79
eca
b47
c32
b47
b42
c77
cd1
a0d
b42
a63
ae7
d70
a09
a63
a79
eca
ae1
f06
c13
bcd
cd1
b90
c13
a3e
d09
d70
a63
f7c
f7a
eca
ae7
b42
eae
eca
cd1
c32
d70
b42
c32
eca
c13
c13
ae0
c32
b7c
b74
fc4
c32
ca5
b47
cb9
cd1
e38
c32
afe
c32
ddc
c13
ab9
a7b
bd5
eca
c13
cd1
c32
fc4
e38
c32
fc4
b47
cb9
d70
afe
a3c
cd1
a63
c77
f52
b47
c32
afe
b42
c32
f7c
cd1
b42
cd1
b7c
b47
e38
ae7
cf5
a3c
c13
b47
e7d
c13
b90
b42
fc4
b47
f52
b42
c77
fc4
b42
b47
b90
c32
ae7
ecc
bcd
c32
f52
cd1
b42
ae7
c77
c77
cd1
cd1
cd1
b47
b90
be4
be4
be4
e69
f06
a7b
bd5
e06
b42
b42
b42
b42
b42
b42
cb1
b42
d70
a7b
bd5
a7b
bd5
eca
15971998
PubMed
AS160, the Akt substrate regulating GLUT4 translocation, has a functional Rab GTPase-activating protein domain.
Biochem J
2005
Mîinea CP
Sano H
Kane S
Sano E
Fukuda M
Peränen J
Lane WS
Lienhard GE
11149600
PubMed
Thyroid transcription factor 1 phosphorylation is not required for protein kinase A-dependent transcription of the thyroglobulin promoter.
Cell Growth Differ
2000
Feliciello A
Allevato G
Musti AM
De Brasi D
Gallo A
Avvedimento VE
Gottesman ME
16428285
PubMed
Bifurcation and singularity analysis of a molecular network for the induction of long-term memory.
Biophys J
2006
Song H
Smolen P
Av-Ron E
Baxter DA
Byrne JH
22653837
PubMed
Cyclic AMP/PKA-dependent paradoxical activation of Raf/MEK/ERK signaling in polycystin-2 defective mice treatedwith sorafenib.
Hepatology
2012
Spirli C
Morell CM
Locatelli L
Okolicsanyi S
Ferrero C
Kim AK
Fabris L
Fiorotto R
Strazzabosco M
27449104
PubMed
NADPH: new oxygen for the ROS theory of aging.
Oncotarget
2016
Fernandez-Marcos PJ
Nóbrega-Pereira S
12172553
PubMed
TSC2 is phosphorylated and inhibited by Akt and suppresses mTOR signalling.
Nat Cell Biol
2002
Inoki K
Li Y
Zhu T
Wu J
Guan KL
20378719
PubMed
Imaging of persistent cAMP signaling byinternalized G protein-coupled receptors.
J Mol Endocrinol
2010
Calebiro D
Nikolaev VO
Lohse MJ
19196800
PubMed
Minireview: The sodium-iodide symporter NIS and pendrin in iodide homeostasis of the thyroid.
Endocrinology
2009
Bizhanova A
Kopp P
28448947
PubMed
Traveling from the hypothalamus to the adipose tissue: The thermogenic pathway.
Redox Biol
2017
Contreras C
Nogueiras R
Diéguez C
Rahmouni K
López M
21317437
PubMed
Thermogenic activation induces FGF21 expression and release in brown adipose tissue.
J Biol Chem
2011
Hondares E
Iglesias R
Giralt A
Gonzalez FJ
Giralt M
Mampel T
Villarroya F
21511232
PubMed
Inherited defects of thyroid hormone metabolism.
Ann Endocrinol (Paris)
2011
Dumitrescu AM
Refetoff S
17452290
PubMed
Protein kinase C-regulated cAMP response element-binding protein phosphorylation in cultured rat striatal neurons.
Brain Res Bull
2007
Mao LM
Tang Q
Wang JQ
11533250
PubMed
Silencing of Wnt signaling and activation of multiple metabolic pathways in response to thyroid hormone-stimulated cell proliferation.
Mol Cell Biol
2001
Miller LD
Park KS
Guo QM
Alkharouf NW
Malek RL
Lee NH
Liu ET
Cheng SY
26482876
PubMed
Neuronal Control of Brown Fat Activity.
Trends Endocrinol Metab
2015
Kooijman S
van den Heuvel JK
Rensen PCN
18467435
PubMed
Role of Akt/GSK-3beta/beta-catenin transduction pathway in the muscle anti-atrophy action of insulin-like growth factor-I in glucocorticoid-treated rats.
Endocrinology
2008
Schakman O
Kalista S
Bertrand L
Lause P
Verniers J
Ketelslegers JM
Thissen JP
28723567
PubMed
28723567
PubMed
Cold-Inducible SIRT6 Regulates Thermogenesis of Brown and Beige Fat.
Cell Rep
2017
Yao L
Cui X
Chen Q
Yang X
Fang F
Zhang J
Liu G
Jin W
Chang Y
27351946
PubMed
Polymorphisms of iodothyronine deiodinases (DIO1, DIO3) genes are not associated with recurrent depressive disorder.
Pharmacol Rep
2016
Gałecka E
Talarowska M
Maes M
Su KP
Górski P
Szemraj J
glial cell
CL:0000125
Cell Type
congenital hypothyroidism
DOID:0050328
Disease
27693079
PubMed
Transcriptional regulation of the uncoupling protein-1 gene.
Biochimie
2017
Villarroya F
Peyrou M
Giralt M
15964803
PubMed
Selective activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase kinase 3 and p38alpha MAP kinase is essential for cyclic AMP-dependent UCP1 expression in adipocytes.
Mol Cell Biol
2005
Robidoux J
Cao W
Quan H
Daniel KW
Moukdar F
Bai X
Floering LM
Collins S
17720805
PubMed
Sonic hedgehog-induced type 3 deiodinase blocks thyroid hormone action enhancing proliferation of normal and malignant keratinocytes.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
2007
Dentice M
Luongo C
Huang S
Ambrosio R
Elefante A
Mirebeau-Prunier D
Zavacki AM
Fenzi G
Grachtchouk M
Hutchin M
Dlugosz AA
Bianco AC
Missero C
Larsen PR
Salvatore D
24463099
PubMed
Metabolic impact of the glycerol channelsAQP7 and AQP9 in adipose tissue and liver.
J Mol Endocrinol
2014
Lebeck J
20167242
PubMed
Efficient use and recycling of the micronutrient iodide in mammals.
Biochimie
2010
Rokita SE
Adler JM
McTamney PM
Watson JA Jr
21440011
PubMed
Akt, FoxO and regulation of apoptosis.
Biochim Biophys Acta
2011
Zhang X
Tang N
Hadden TJ
Rishi AK
27681418
PubMed
mTORC1 Is a Major Regulatory Node in the FGF21 Signaling Network in Adipocytes.
Cell Rep
2016
Minard AY
Tan SX
Yang P
Fazakerley DJ
Domanova W
Parker BL
Humphrey SJ
Jothi R
Stöckli J
James DE
24820868
PubMed
Natriuretic peptides in cardiometabolic regulation and disease.
Nat Rev Cardiol
2014
Zois NE
Bartels ED
Hunter I
Kousholt BS
Olsen LH
Goetze JP
17574003
PubMed
New insights into thyroid hormone action.
Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab
2007
Oetting A
Yen PM
18259611
PubMed
Hypoxia-inducible factor induces local thyroid hormone inactivation during hypoxic-ischemic disease in rats.
J Clin Invest
2008
Simonides WS
Mulcahey MA
Redout EM
Muller A
Zuidwijk MJ
Visser TJ
Wassen FW
Crescenzi A
da-Silva WS
Harney J
Engel FB
Obregon MJ
Larsen PR
Bianco AC
Huang SA
25390014
PubMed
Brown adipose tissue and thermogenesis.
Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig
2014
Fenzl A
Kiefer FW
15
PubMed
17452290
PubMed
17452290
PubMed
Protein kinase C-regulated cAMP response element-binding protein phosphorylation in cultured rat striatal neurons.
Brain Res Bull
2007
Mao LM
Tang Q
Wang JQ
neuron
CL:0000540
Cell Type
28235572
PubMed
Role of Akt/PKB and PFKFB isoenzymes in the control of glycolysis, cell proliferation and protein synthesis in mitogen-stimulated thymocytes.
Cell Signal
2017
Houddane A
Bultot L
Novellasdemunt L
Johanns M
Gueuning MA
Vertommen D
Coulie PG
Bartrons R
Hue L
Rider MH
24872083
PubMed
Regulation of adipocyte lipolysis.
Nutr Res Rev
2014
Frühbeck G
Méndez-Giménez L
Fernández-Formoso JA
Fernández S
RodrÃÂguez A
28322461
PubMed
Iodinated TG in Thyroid Follicular Lumen Regulates TTF-1 and PAX8 Expression via TSH/TSHR Signaling Pathway.
J Cell Biochem
2017
Huang H
Shi Y
Liang B
Cai H
Cai Q
17574010
PubMed
17574010
PubMed
The MCT8 thyroid hormone transporter and Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome.
Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab
2007
Schwartz CE
Stevenson RE
20051527
PubMed
Molecular aspects of thyroid hormone actions.
Endocr Rev
2010
Cheng SY
Leonard JL
Davis PJ
22353746
PubMed
DIO2 modifies inflammatory responses in chondrocytes.
Osteoarthritis Cartilage
2012
Cheng AW
Bolognesi M
Kraus VB
9346240
PubMed
Akt phosphorylation of BAD couples survival signals to the cell-intrinsic death machinery.
Cell
1997
Datta SR
Dudek H
Tao X
Masters S
Fu H
Gotoh Y
Greenberg ME
thyroid-stimulating hormone signaling pathway
PW:0001200
Pathway Ontology
20802499
PubMed
Hypothalamic AMPK and fatty acid metabolism mediate thyroid regulation of energy balance.
Nat Med
2010
López M
Varela L
Vázquez MJ
RodrÃÂguez-Cuenca S
González CR
Velagapudi VR
Morgan DA
Schoenmakers E
Agassandian K
Lage R
MartÃÂnez de Morentin PB
Tovar S
Nogueiras R
Carling D
Lelliott C
Gallego R
Oresic M
Chatterjee K
Saha AK
Rahmouni K
Diéguez C
Vidal-Puig A
31076567
PubMed
A functional CRISPR/Cas9 screen identifies kinases that modulate FGFR inhibitor response in gastric cancer.
Oncogenesis
2019
Chen J
Bell J
Lau BT
Whittaker T
Stapleton D
Ji HP
17666482
PubMed
Roles of hydrogen peroxide in thyroid physiology and disease.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab
2007
Song Y
Driessens N
Costa M
De Deken X
Detours V
Corvilain B
Maenhaut C
Miot F
Van Sande J
Many MC
Dumont JE
21683758
PubMed
Cell biology of H2O2 generation in the thyroid: investigation of the control of dual oxidases (DUOX) activity in intact ex vivo thyroid tissue and cell lines.
Mol Cell Endocrinol
2011
Massart C
Hoste C
Virion A
Ruf J
Dumont JE
Van Sande J
26207953
PubMed
MAFA and T3 Drive Maturation of Both Fetal Human Islets and Insulin-Producing Cells Differentiated From hESC.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab
2015
Aguayo-Mazzucato C
DiIenno A
Hollister-Lock J
Cahill C
Sharma A
Weir G
Colton C
Bonner-Weir S
23045339
PubMed
T-type amino acid transporter TAT1 (Slc16a10) is essential for extracellular aromatic amino acid homeostasis control.
J Physiol
2012
Mariotta L
Ramadan T
Singer D
Guetg A
Herzog B
Stoeger C
PalacÃÂn M
Lahoutte T
Camargo SM
Verrey F
disease pathway
PW:0000013
Pathway Ontology
8222576
PubMed
Thyroid hormone transport proteins.
Clin Lab Med
1993
Bartalena L
Robbins J
21448409
PubMed
21448409
PubMed
Iodine, Iodine metabolism and Iodine deficiency disorders revisited.
Indian J Endocrinol Metab
2010
Ahad F
Ganie SA
29997323
PubMed
Integrating Thyroid Hormone Signaling in Hypothalamic Control of Metabolism: Crosstalk Between Nuclear Receptors.
Int J Mol Sci
2018
29997323
PubMed
Integrating Thyroid Hormone Signaling in Hypothalamic Control of Metabolism: Crosstalk Between Nuclear Receptors.
Int J Mol Sci
2018
Kouidhi S
Clerget-Froidevaux MS
thyroid follicular cell
CL:0002258
Cell Type
18329679
PubMed
Promotion by thyroid hormone of cytoplasm-to-nucleus shuttling of thyroid hormone receptors.
Steroids
2008
Davis PJ
Davis FB
Lin HY
16870170
PubMed
Molecular advances in thyroglobulin disorders.
Clin Chim Acta
2006
Rivolta CM
Targovnik HM
25330987
PubMed
A thyroid hormone receptor/KLF9 axis in human hepatocytes and pluripotent stem cells.
Stem Cells
2015
Cvoro A
Devito L
Milton FA
Noli L
Zhang A
Filippi C
Sakai K
Suh JH
H Sieglaff D
Dhawan A
Sakai T
Ilic D
Webb P