Neuroinflammation is inflammation specific to parts of the central nervous system. It can be triggered by external or internal factors, such as UV damage, inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress. Stress on the cell leads to activation of inflammatory response pathways that involve several transcription factors such as AP-1 and NFkB, which will lead to the transcription of several proteins and/or cytokines. b6a a51 ebf regulatory pathway pertinent to the brain PW:0001251 Pathway Ontology 25012593 PubMed Inhibition of neuronal p38α, but not p38β MAPK, provides neuroprotection against three different neurotoxic insults. J Mol Neurosci 2015 Xing B Bachstetter AD Van Eldik LJ neuron CL:0000540 Cell Type stress response pathway PW:0000237 Pathway Ontology signaling pathway PW:0000003 Pathway Ontology 27412492 PubMed Neuroinflammation pathways: a general review. Int J Neurosci 2017 Shabab T Khanabdali R Moghadamtousi SZ Kadir HA Mohan G 29158945 PubMed NF-κB signaling in inflammation. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2017 Liu T Zhang L Joo D Sun SC