This pathway was created using information from: * http://biocyc.org/META/new-image?type=PATHWAY&object=PWY66-301 * http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iubmb/enzyme/reaction/AminoAcid/dopa.html * http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iubmb/enzyme/reaction/AminoAcid/PheTyr.html * http://www.genome.ad.jp/dbget-bin/www_bget?pathway+map00350 * http://www.genome.jp/dbget-bin/get_pathway?org_name=rno&mapno=00400 (phenylalanine -> tyrosine) f22 b3b f6d f7a a2b ac3 eaa aae eee b55 b6a b15 ac9 fee ea9 aaf a48 c06 b55 14416204 PubMed The enzymatic conversion of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine to norepinephrine J Biol Chem 1960 Levin, E.Y. Levenberg, B. Kaufman, S. 5846992 PubMed 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine beta-hydroxylase. Physical properties, copper content, and role of copper in the catalytic acttivity. J Biol Chem 1965 Friedman S Kaufman S 5412063 PubMed Purification and properties of bovine phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase. J Biol Chem 1970 Connett RJ Kirshner N 14054806 PubMed Zur Tyrosinstoffwechsel der Insekten. XII. Reinigung, Eigenschaften und Substratspezifität der DOPA-Decarboxylase Hoppe-Seyler's Z. Physiol. Chem. 332 1963 Sekeris, C.E. 13428782 PubMed The enzymic conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine J. Biol. Chem 1957 Kaufman S 14216443 PubMed Tyrosine hydroxylase. The initial step in norepinephrine biosynthesis. J. Biol. Chem. 239 1964 Nagatsu, T. Levitt, M. Udenfriend, S 6033458 PubMed Phenylalanine as substrate and inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase. Arch Biochem Biophys 1967 Ikeda M Levitt M Udenfriend S 4536745 PubMed On the identity of DOPA decarboxylase and 5-hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase (immunological titration-aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase-serotonin-dopamine-norepinephrine). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1972 Christenson JG Dairman W Udenfriend S 13863458 PubMed Purification and properties of phenylethanolamine-N-methyl transferase. J.Biol.Chem 1962 Axelrod, J. 2872947 PubMed [Copurification of tyrosine hydroxylase from rat pheochromocytoma by protein kinase] C R Acad Sci III 1986 Pigeon D Drissi-Daoudi R Gros F Thibault J 13761407 PubMed Studies on the enzyme catalyzing the conversion of 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylethylamine to Norepinhephrine J Biol Chemistry 1961 Levin Eprham Y. Kaufman S 14216443 PubMed Tyrosine hydroxylase. The initial step in norepinephrine biosynthesis. J. Biol. Chem. 239 1964 Nagatsu, T. Levitt, M. Udenfriend, S. 13863458 PubMed Purification and properties of phenylethanolamine-N-methyl transferase. J. Biol. Chem. 237 1962 Axelrod, J. 18871240 PubMed The decarboxylation of L-phenylalanine by Streptococcus faecalis R. J. Biol. Chem. 174 1948 McGilvery, R.W. Cohen, P.P. 9228951 PubMed Crystal structure of tyrosine hydroxylase at 2.3 A and its implications for inherited neurodegenerative diseases. Nat Struct Biol 1997 Goodwill KE Sabatier C Marks C Raag R Fitzpatrick PF Stevens RC 14404870 PubMed Studies on the mechanism of the enzymatic conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine J. Biol. Chem 1959 Kaufman S 14416204 PubMed The enzymatic conversion of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine to norepinephrine. J. Biol. Chem. 235 1960 Levin, E.Y. Levenberg, B. Kaufmann, S. 6133218 PubMed Tyrosine hydroxylase activation in depolarized dopaminergic terminals--involvement of Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation. Nature 1983 El Mestikawy S Glowinski J Hamon M catecholamine biosynthetic pathway PW:0001235 Pathway Ontology 14054806 PubMed Zur Tyrosinstoffwechsel der Insekten. XII. Reinigung, Eigenschaften und Substratspezifität der DOPA-Decarboxylase Hoppe-Seyler's Z. Physiol. Chem. 332 1963 Sekeris, C.E. 12047348 PubMed Circadian rhythm of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus: gene expression and decarboxylating activity in clock oscillating cells. Division of Molecular Brain Science, Department of Brain Sciences, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0017, Japan. 2002 Ishida Y Yokoyama C Inatomi T Yagita K, Dong X Yan L Yamaguchi S Nagatsu I, Komori T Kitahama K Okamura H 12980961 PubMed The chemical estimation of tyrosine and tyramine J. Biol. Chem 1952 Udenfriend, S Cooper, J.R 14466899 PubMed Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase. J Biol Chem 1962 LOVENBERG W WEISSBACH H UDENFRIEND S 7779797 PubMed Mechanism of metal-independent hydroxylation by Chromobacterium violaceum phenylalanine hydroxylase. Biochemistry 1995 Carr RT Balasubramanian S Hawkins PC Benkovic SJ 13462983 PubMed Studies on the effect of vitamin B6 on 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) formation. J Biol Chem 1957 WEISSBACH H BOGDANSKI DF REDFIELD BG UDENFRIEND S 5773277 PubMed Phenylalanine hydroxylation by Pseudomonas species (ATCC 11299a). Nature of the cofactor. J Biol Chem 1969 Guroff G Rhoads CA