Ether lipid biosynthesis in humans. Ether lipids (e.g. plasmalogens), are peroxisome-derived glycerophospholipids where the hydrocarbon chain at the sn-1 position of the glycerol backbone is attached by an ether bond (single bond between carbon and oxygen atom). Ether lipids are used to form non-lamellar inverted hexagonal structures in model membranes (indicating they could facilitate membrane fusion processes). Lipid raft microdomains (cholesterol-rich membrane regions involved in cellular signaling) rely on ether lipids for their organization and stability. [PMID:28523433]. The pathway knowledge depicted in this model stems from Robert C. Murphy, who endorsed version r123734. Metabolic conversion missing an identifier from Rhea have been visualized with double line thickness. dff Putative EC number as found in RHGEA entry https://www.rhea-db.org/rhea/36175 AKA an acyl/alkyl DHAP reductase; "identified this gene as dhrs7b and renamed the protein PexRAP (for peroxisomal reductase activating PPARγ)" [PMID:28523433] cae AKA acyl-CoA synthetase; composed of two subunits. AKA glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase a15 def c63 aaf AKA PE-Plasmalogen AKA Pex5 long isoform; "While both the long and short Pex5 isoforms recognize PTS1-containing proteins, Pex5L is a co-receptor with Pex7 for the import of PTS2-containing proteins, and its loss results only in impaired PTS2-tagged protein import" [PMID:28523433]. AGPS contains a PTS2 domain (type-2 peroxisomal targeting signal). [PMID:31751594] AKA peroxisomal import receptor for proteins, including AGPS [PMID:28523433] EC 2.8.2.11 b2a aka dihydroxyacetone phosphate AKA fatty acyl-CoA reductase. AKA fatty acyl-CoA reductase. AKA peroxisomal import receptor for proteins, including AGPS [PMID:28523433] c63 a6e dff b9a e2c c48 d7e Rhea ID matching based on EC-code overlap. ceb dff dff b2a Reaction does not seem to be represented in Rhea, nor linked from UniProt to Rhea. b29 c01 bd8 bd8 "fatty acids are first activated to fatty acyl-CoAs by an acyl-CoA synthetase (ACS) associated with the peroxisomal membrane." [PMID:28523433] dff b9a dff dff dff dff dff dff dff 31604315 PubMed A bacterial light response reveals an orphan desaturase for human plasmalogen synthesis. Science 2019 Gallego-García A Monera-Girona AJ Pajares-Martínez E Bastida-Martínez E Pérez-Castaño R Iniesta AA Fontes M Padmanabhan S Elías-Arnanz M 28523433 PubMed Structural and functional roles of ether lipids Protein Cell. 2018 28523433 PubMed Structural and functional roles of ether lipids Protein Cell. 2018 John M. Dean Irfan J. 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