The Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signaling pathway is involved in many cellular processes in both the adult organism and the developing embryo including cell growth, cell differentiation, apoptosis, cellular homeostasis and other cellular functions. In spite of the wide range of cellular processes that the TGFβ signaling pathway regulates, the process is relatively simple. TGFβ superfamily ligands bind to a type II receptor, which recruits and phosphorylates a type I receptor. The type I receptor then phosphorylates receptor-regulated SMADs (R-SMADs) which can now bind the coSMAD SMAD4. R-SMAD/coSMAD complexes accumulate in the nucleus where they act as transcription factors and participate in the regulation of target gene expression. (source: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TGF_beta_signaling_pathway WikiPedia]). Proteins on this pathway have targeted assays available via the [https://assays.cancer.gov/available_assays?wp_id=WP560 CPTAC Assay Portal] ce9 ba4 there are 5 types of tsp d00 d00 transforming growth factor-beta superfamily mediated signaling pathway PW:0000329 Pathway Ontology 11057902 PubMed TGFbeta signaling in growth control, cancer, and heritable disorders. Cell 2000 Massague J Blain SW Lo RS 11252892 PubMed How cells read TGF-beta signals. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2000 Massague J 20621048 PubMed MicroRNAs as regulators of differentiation and cell fate decisions. Cell Stem Cell 2010 Ivey KN Srivastava D