Benzene metabolism primarily takes place in the liver, to a variety of products that are transported to the bone marrow where additional metabolism occurs. Several metabolites of benzene are responsible for the toxic effects of benzene including reactive metabolites that covalently bind macromolecules and induce oxidative damage. Proteins on this pathway have targeted assays available via the [CPTAC Assay Portal](https://assays.cancer.gov/available_assays?wp_id=WP696) eac f9f c77 cc7 b21 b9c f31 17702526 PubMed Metabolism of benzo[a]pyrene in human bronchoalveolar H358 cells using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Chem Res Toxicol 2007 Jiang H Gelhaus SL Mangal D Harvey RG Blair IA Penning TM 12510015 PubMed Analysis of DNA and protein adducts of benzo[a]pyrene in human tissues using structure-specific methods. Mutat Res 2003 Boysen G Hecht SS 15660110 PubMed Nature and nurture - lessons from chemical carcinogenesis. Nat Rev Cancer 2005 Luch A 11952781 PubMed Epoxidation of benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol by human CYP1A1 in reconstituted membranes. Effects of charge and nonbilayer phase propensity of the membrane. Eur J Biochem 2002 Kisselev P Schwarz D Platt KL Schunck WH Roots I benzo(a)pyrene metabolic pathway PW:0001233 Pathway Ontology 7889863 PubMed Peroxidative metabolism of carcinogenic N-arylhydroxamic acids: implications for tumorigenesis. Environ Health Perspect 1994 Malejka-Giganti D Ritter CL xenobiotics biodegradation pathway PW:0000107 Pathway Ontology cellular detoxification pathway PW:0000124 Pathway Ontology 9118888 PubMed An overview of benzene metabolism. Environ Health Perspect 1996 Snyder R Hedli CC 16970545 PubMed Aldo-keto reductases and bioactivation/detoxication. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2007 Jin Y Penning TM