This pathway is about carotenoid and vitamin A metabolism. The initial version was created by the NuGO focusteam on Carotenoid metabolism. It was used to test a text mining workflow which added some additional entities (see Waagmeester et al. 2009 [[1](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19715393])). f7b e98 d20 "ARAT" originally "Bcdo2" originally da5 d8f da5 d87 f30 afc cd1 e17 c13 fe3 "Awat" originally "Bcmo1" originally "Adh1" originally c78 e56 bbd e92 e3d e5f "Bcmo1" originally "Retinol dehydrogenases" originally b49 b49 b49 c08 12401878 PubMed Gene expression regulation by retinoic acid. J Lipid Res 2002 Balmer JE Blomhoff R retinol metabolic pathway PW:0000141 Pathway Ontology 8017322 PubMed Seasonal and sex-related variations in six serum carotenoids, retinol, and alpha-tocopherol. Am J Clin Nutr 1994 Olmedilla B Granado F Blanco I Rojas-Hidalgo E 1595584 PubMed Plasma carotenoid response to chronic intake of selected foods and beta-carotene supplements in men. Am J Clin Nutr 1992 Micozzi MS Brown ED Edwards BK Bieri JG Taylor PR Khachik F Beecher GR Smith JC Jr 2656356 PubMed Biological actions of carotenoids. FASEB J 1989 Bendich A Olson JA 1416048 PubMed Separation and identification of carotenoids and their oxidation products in the extracts of human plasma. Anal Chem 1992 Khachik F Beecher GR Goli MB Lusby WR Smith JC Jr 9453379 PubMed Vitamin A deficiency and nocturnal vision in teenagers with cystic fibrosis. Eur J Pediatr 1997 Huet F Semama D Maingueneau C Charavel A Nivelon JL 3372162 PubMed Carotenoids in the human macula and whole retina. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1988 Handelman GJ Dratz EA Reay CC van Kuijk JG 12806616 PubMed Relation of elevated serum alanine aminotransferase activity with iron and antioxidant levels in the United States. Gastroenterology 2003 Ruhl CE Everhart JE retinal pigment epithelial cell CL:0002586 Cell Type 11585356 PubMed Vitamin A antagonizes calcium response to vitamin D in man. J Bone Miner Res 2001 Johansson S Melhus H 15911617 PubMed Metabolism and transactivation activity of 13,14-dihydroretinoic acid. J Biol Chem 2005 Moise AR Kuksa V Blaner WS Baehr W Palczewski K 8878137 PubMed Acute phase response and plasma carotenoid concentrations in older women: findings from the nun study. Nutrition 1996 Boosalis MG Snowdon DA Tully CL Gross MD 15358783 PubMed Identification of all-trans-retinol:all-trans-13,14-dihydroretinol saturase. J Biol Chem 2004 Moise AR Kuksa V Imanishi Y Palczewski K 10227052 PubMed Lycopene and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 cooperate in the inhibition of cell cycle progression and induction of differentiation in HL-60 leukemic cells. Nutr Cancer 1999 Amir H Karas M Giat J Danilenko M Levy R Yermiahu T Levy J Sharoni Y enterocyte CL:0000584 Cell Type 9627692 PubMed Vitamin D analogs affect the uptake and metabolism of retinol by human epidermal keratinocytes in culture. J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc 1996 Torma H Rollman O Binderup L Michaelsson G 19715393 PubMed Pathway enrichment based on text mining and its validation on carotenoid and vitamin A metabolism. OMICS 2009 Waagmeester A Pezik P Coort S Tourniaire F Evelo C Rebholz-Schuhmann D vitamin A and metabolites signaling pathway PW:0001116 Pathway Ontology 3019190 PubMed Interrelationships among liposoluble vitamins in ruminants. Am J Vet Res 1986 Hidiroglou M Williams CJ 12937841 PubMed Preliminary identification of carotenoids in malignant and benign neoplasms of the breast and surrounding fatty tissue. Neoplasma 2003 Czeczuga-Semeniuk E Wolczynski S Markiewicz W metabolic pathway of cofactors and vitamins PW:0000135 Pathway Ontology 1444060 PubMed Antioxidant functions of vitamins. Vitamins E and C, beta-carotene, and other carotenoids. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1992 Sies H Stahl W Sundquist AR 18289917 PubMed Identification and characterization of a novel mouse peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha-regulated and starvation-induced gene, Ppsig. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2008 Sun Y Ng L Lam W Lo CK Chan PT Yuen YL Wong PF Tsang DS Cheung WT Lee SS 8948389 PubMed Influence of using different sources of carotenoid data in epidemiologic studies. J Am Diet Assoc 1996 VandenLangenberg GM Brady WE Nebeling LC Block G Forman M Bowen PE Stacewicz-Sapuntzakis M Mares-Perlman JA