---
template: overrides/main.html
title: Basic Usage
---
The NARMAX model is described as:
$$
y_k= F[y_{k-1}, \dotsc, y_{k-n_y},x_{k-d}, x_{k-d-1}, \dotsc, x_{k-d-n_x}, e_{k-1}, \dotsc, e_{k-n_e}] + e_k
$$
where $n_y\in \mathbb{N}$, $n_x \in \mathbb{N}$, $n_e \in \mathbb{N}$, are the maximum lags for the system output and input respectively; $x_k \in \mathbb{R}^{n_x}$ is the system input and $y_k \in \mathbb{R}^{n_y}$ is the system output at discrete time $k \in \mathbb{N}^n$;
$e_k \in \mathbb{R}^{n_e}$ stands for uncertainties and possible noise at discrete time $k$. In this case, $\mathcal{F}$ is some nonlinear function of the input and output regressors and $d$ is a time delay typically set to $d=1$.
``` py
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from sysidentpy.metrics import mean_squared_error
from sysidentpy.utils.generate_data import get_siso_data
# Generate a dataset of a simulated dynamical system
x_train, x_valid, y_train, y_valid = get_siso_data(
n=1000,
colored_noise=False,
sigma=0.001,
train_percentage=80
)
```
### Build a Polynomial NARX model
``` py
from sysidentpy.model_structure_selection import FROLS
from sysidentpy.basis_function._basis_function import Polynomial
from sysidentpy.utils.display_results import results
from sysidentpy.utils.plotting import plot_residues_correlation, plot_results
from sysidentpy.residues.residues_correlation import compute_residues_autocorrelation, compute_cross_correlation
basis_function = Polynomial(degree=2)
model = FROLS(
order_selection=True,
n_info_values=10,
extended_least_squares=False,
ylag=2,
xlag=2,
info_criteria='aic',
estimator='least_squares',
basis_function=basis_function
)
model.fit(X=x_train, y=y_train)
yhat = model.predict(X=x_valid, y=y_valid)
mse = mean_squared_error(y_valid, yhat)
print(mse)
r = pd.DataFrame(
results(
model.final_model, model.theta, model.err,
model.n_terms, err_precision=8, dtype='sci'
),
columns=['Regressors', 'Parameters', 'ERR'])
print(r)
Regressors Parameters ERR
0 x1(k-2) 0.9000 0.95556574
1 y(k-1) 0.1999 0.04107943
2 x1(k-1)y(k-1) 0.1000 0.00335113
plot_results(y=y_valid, yhat=yhat, n=1000)
ee = compute_residues_autocorrelation(y_valid, yhat)
plot_residues_correlation(data=ee, title="Residues", ylabel="$e^2$")
x1e = compute_cross_correlation(y_valid, yhat, x2_val)
plot_residues_correlation(data=x1e, title="Residues", ylabel="$x_1e$")
```
Validation of the Polynomial NARMAX model
### NARX Neural Network
``` py
from torch import nn
from sysidentpy.neural_network import NARXNN
from sysidentpy.basis_function._basis_function import Polynomial
from sysidentpy.utils.plotting import plot_residues_correlation, plot_results
from sysidentpy.residues.residues_correlation import compute_residues_autocorrelation, compute_cross_correlation
class NARX(nn.Module):
def __init__(self):
super().__init__()
self.lin = nn.Linear(4, 10)
self.lin2 = nn.Linear(10, 10)
self.lin3 = nn.Linear(10, 1)
self.tanh = nn.Tanh()
def forward(self, xb):
z = self.lin(xb)
z = self.tanh(z)
z = self.lin2(z)
z = self.tanh(z)
z = self.lin3(z)
return z
basis_function=Polynomial(degree=1)
narx_net = NARXNN(
net=NARX(),
ylag=2,
xlag=2,
basis_function=basis_function,
model_type="NARMAX",
loss_func='mse_loss',
optimizer='Adam',
epochs=200,
verbose=False,
optim_params={'betas': (0.9, 0.999), 'eps': 1e-05} # optional parameters of the optimizer
)
narx_net.fit(X=x_train, y=y_train)
yhat = narx_net.predict(X=x_valid, y=y_valid)
plot_results(y=y_valid, yhat=yhat, n=200)
ee = compute_residues_autocorrelation(y_valid, yhat)
plot_residues_correlation(data=ee, title="Residues", ylabel="$e^2$")
x1e = compute_cross_correlation(y_valid, yhat, x_valid)
plot_residues_correlation(data=x1e, title="Residues", ylabel="$x_1e$")
```
Validation of the Neural NARX model
### Catboost-narx
``` py
from sysidentpy.general_estimators import NARX
from catboost import CatBoostRegressor
from sysidentpy.basis_function._basis_function import Polynomial
from sysidentpy.utils.plotting import plot_residues_correlation, plot_results
from sysidentpy.residues.residues_correlation import compute_residues_autocorrelation, compute_cross_correlation
catboost_narx = NARX(
base_estimator=CatBoostRegressor(
iterations=300,
learning_rate=0.1,
depth=6),
xlag=2,
ylag=2,
basis_function=basis_function,
model_type="NARMAX",
fit_params={'verbose': False}
)
catboost_narx.fit(X=x_train, y=y_train)
yhat = catboost_narx.predict(X=x_valid, y=y_valid)
plot_results(y=y_valid, yhat=yhat, n=200)
ee = compute_residues_autocorrelation(y_valid, yhat)
plot_residues_correlation(data=ee, title="Residues", ylabel="$e^2$")
x1e = compute_cross_correlation(y_valid, yhat, x_valid)
plot_residues_correlation(data=x1e, title="Residues", ylabel="$x_1e$")
```
Validation of the Catboost NARX model
#### Catboost without NARX configuration
The following is the Catboost performance *without* the NARX configuration.
``` py
def plot_results_tmp(y_valid, yhat):
_, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(14, 8))
ax.plot(y_valid[:200], label='Data', marker='o')
ax.plot(yhat[:200], label='Prediction', marker='*')
ax.set_xlabel("$n$", fontsize=18)
ax.set_ylabel("$y[n]$", fontsize=18)
ax.grid()
ax.legend(fontsize=18)
plt.show()
catboost = CatBoostRegressor(
iterations=300,
learning_rate=0.1,
depth=6
)
catboost.fit(x_train, y_train, verbose=False)
plot_results(y_valid, catboost.predict(x_valid))
```
Validation of the Catboost model without NARX configuration