Python训练题：

目录：
001 WinningRate
002 MindRead
003 StockSpider
004 Hanoi

-----------------------------------------------

Tip_00101 WinningRate-PC

def factorial(n):
    result = 1
    factor = 2
    while factor <= n:
        result *= factor
        factor += 1
    return result

def permutation(x, y):
    return factorial(x) / factorial(x - y)

def combination(x, y):
    return permutation(x, y) / permutation(y, y)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    winningRate = combination(6, 3) / combination(11, 8) * 100
    print('The winning rate = %.2f%%' % winningRate)

Tip_00102 WinningRate-Doctest

def factorial(n):
    """Return the factorial of n, an exact integer >= 0.

    >>> [factorial(n) for n in range(6)]
    [1, 1, 2, 6, 24, 120]
    >>> factorial(30)
    265252859812191058636308480000000
    >>> factorial(-1)
    Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
    ValueError: n must be >= 0

    Factorials of floats are OK, but the float must be an exact integer:
    >>> factorial(30.1)
    Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
    ValueError: n must be exact integer
    >>> factorial(30.0)
    265252859812191058636308480000000

    It must also not be ridiculously large:
    >>> factorial(1e100)
    Traceback (most recent call last):
        ...
    OverflowError: n too large
    """

    import math
    if not n >= 0:
        raise ValueError("n must be >= 0")
    if math.floor(n) != n:
        raise ValueError("n must be exact integer")
    if n+1 == n:  # catch a value like 1e300
        raise OverflowError("n too large")
    result = 1
    factor = 2
    while factor <= n:
        result *= factor
        factor += 1
    return result

if __name__ == "__main__":
    import doctest
    doctest.testmod()
    # doctest.testmod(verbose=True)
    
Tip_00103 WinningRate-Simulation

import copy
import random
from functools import reduce

def choiceN(n, seq):
    while True:
        aList = copy.copy(seq)
        bList = []
        for _i in range(n):
            tmp = random.choice(aList)
            bList.append(tmp)
            aList.remove(tmp)
        yield bList

if __name__ == '__main__':
    SAMPLE = 1000000
    NUM_ALL = 11
    NUM_CHOICE = 8
    NUM_WIN = 5

    seq = list(range(NUM_ALL))
    gChoiceN = choiceN(NUM_CHOICE, seq)
    setWin = set(range(NUM_WIN))
    count = reduce(
        lambda x,y: x+1 if setWin < set(gChoiceN.__next__()) else x,
        range(SAMPLE), 0)

    print("Percent %.2f%%" % (100.0*count/SAMPLE))

Tip_00104 WinningRate-Multiprocessing

import copy
import multiprocessing
import random
import time
from functools import reduce

def choiceN(n, seq):
    while True:
        aList = list(seq)
        bList = []
        for _i in range(n):
            tmp = random.choice(aList)
            bList.append(tmp)
            aList.remove(tmp)
        yield bList

def countWinningRate(sample):
    NUM_ALL = 11
    NUM_CHOICE = 8
    NUM_WIN = 5
    
    seq = range(NUM_ALL)
    gChoiceN = choiceN(NUM_CHOICE, seq)
    setWin = set(range(NUM_WIN))
#     count = 0
#     for i in range(sample):
#         if setWin < set(gChoiceN.__next__()):
#             count += 1
    count = reduce(
        lambda x,y: x+1 if setWin < set(gChoiceN.__next__()) else x,
        range(sample), 0)
    
    winRate = 100.0 * count / sample
    return winRate

if __name__ == '__main__':
    SAMPLE = 1000000
    startTime = time.time()
    
#     rate = countWinningRate(SAMPLE)
    PROC_NUM = 4
    p = multiprocessing.Pool(PROC_NUM)
    rateList = p.map(countWinningRate, [int(SAMPLE/PROC_NUM)]*PROC_NUM)
    rate = sum(rateList) / len(rateList)
    
    print("Percent %.2f%%" % rate)
    print("Cost %.2f seconds" % (time.time() - startTime))

Tip_00201 MindRead-Basic

import sys

POKER_NUM = 6
LINE_LEN = 50
MAX_NUM = 1 << POKER_NUM

def showPoker(x):
    print("=" * LINE_LEN)
    mark = 1 << x
    pokerList = [num for num in range(MAX_NUM) if num & mark]
    for i, num in enumerate(pokerList, 1):
        sys.stdout.write("%d\t" % num)
        if i % 8 == 0:
            print("")
    print("=" * LINE_LEN + "\n")

resultNum = 0

for x in range(0, POKER_NUM):
    showPoker(x)
    tmpStr = input("Is the number in list? n(y/n)?\n")
    if (tmpStr.strip() == "y"):
        resultNum += 1 << x

print("The number is: %d" % resultNum)

Tip_00301 StockSpider-KLine

import requests
from lxml import etree

SHANGHAI = 0
SHENZHEN = 1

headers = {
    'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 '
    '(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/60.0.3112.101 Safari/537.36'
}

def parseUrl(url):
    response = requests.get(url,headers=headers)
    if response.status_code == 200:
        return etree.HTML(response.content)
    return False
    
def getDate(response):
    # 得到股票代码，开始和结束的日期
    start_date = response.xpath('//input[@name="date_start_type"]/@value')[0]
    start_date = ''.join(start_date.split('-'))
    end_date = response.xpath('//input[@name="date_end_type"]/@value')[0]
    end_date = ''.join(end_date.split('-'))
    code = response.xpath('//h1[@class="name"]/span/a/text()')[0]
    return code, start_date, end_date

def _download(code, area, startDate, endDate):
    downloadUrl = ('http://quotes.money.163.com/service/chddata.html?code=%s'
                   '%s&start=%s&end=%s&fields=TCLOSE;HIGH;LOW;TOPEN;LCLOSE;'
                   'CHG;PCHG;TURNOVER;VOTURNOVER;VATURNOVER;TCAP;MCAP')
    downloadUrl = downloadUrl % (area, code, startDate, endDate)
    print(downloadUrl) 
    data = requests.get(downloadUrl, headers=headers)
    f = open('%s.csv' % code, 'wb')
    for chunk in data.iter_content(chunk_size=10000):
        if chunk:
            f.write(chunk)
    print('股票---%s历史数据正在下载' % code)

def download(code, area):
    url = 'http://quotes.money.163.com/trade/lsjysj_%s.html' % code
    response = parseUrl(url)
    code, startDate, endDate = getDate(response)
    _download(code, area, startDate, endDate)

def draw(code):
    import pandas as pd
    stock  = pd.read_csv(code + '.csv',
                         usecols=[0,1,2,3,4,5,6], encoding='gbk')
    stock.head()
    
    stock_new = stock.iloc[:180,:]
    stock_new_sorted = stock_new.sort_values('日期', ascending=True)
    stock_new_sorted.head()
    
    from pyecharts import Kline
    stock_code = stock_new_sorted['股票代码'][0]
    stock_name = stock_new_sorted['名称'][0]
    index = stock_new_sorted['日期']
    v = [[o,close,lowest,highest] for o,close,lowest,highest in 
         zip(stock_new_sorted['开盘价'], stock_new_sorted['收盘价'],
             stock_new_sorted['最低价'],stock_new_sorted['最高价'])]
    kline = Kline()
    kline.add(stock_name+'('+stock_code+')'+'日K线图', index, v,
              mark_point=["max"], is_datazoom_show=True)
    kline.render()
    
    # from pyecharts import Line
    # line = Line(stock_name+'('+stock_code+')'+'收盘价日折线图')
    # close = stock_new_sorted['收盘价']
    # line.add("收盘价日折线图", index, close,is_datazoom_show=True)
    # line.render()
    # 
    # from pyecharts import Kline,Line,Overlap
    # overlap = Overlap()
    # overlap.add(kline)
    # overlap.add(line)
    # overlap.render()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    download('601899', SHANGHAI)
    draw('601899')


Tip_00302 StockSpider-2

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import traceback
import re


def getHTMLText(url, code="utf-8"):
    try:
        r = requests.get(url)
        r.raise_for_status()
        r.encoding = code
        return r.text
    except:
        return ""


def getStockList(lst, stockURL):
    html = getHTMLText(stockURL, "GB2312")
    soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'html.parser')
    a = soup.find_all('a')
    for i in a:
        try:
            href = i.attrs['href']
            lst.append(re.findall(r"[s][hz][36]\d{5}", href)[0])
        except:
            continue


def getStockInfo(lst, stockURL, fpath):
    Listtitle = ['名称', '总市值', '净资产', '净利润', '市盈率', '市净率', '毛利率', '净利率', 'ROE']
    with open(fpath, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
        for i in range(len(Listtitle)):
            f.write("{0:<10}\t".format(Listtitle[i], chr(12288)))
    count = 0
    for stock in lst:
        url = stockURL + stock + ".html"
        html = getHTMLText(url, "GB2312")
        try:
            if html == "":
                continue
            List = []
            soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'html.parser')
            stock = soup.find('div', attrs={'class': 'cwzb'}).find_all('tbody')[0]
            name = stock.find_all('b')[0]
            List.append(name.text)
            keyList = stock.find_all('td')[1:9]
            for i in range(len(keyList)):
                List.append(keyList[i].text)
            with open(fpath, 'a', encoding='utf-8') as f:
                f.write('\n')
                for i in range(len(List)):
                    f.write('{0:<10}\t'.format(List[i], chr(12288)))
            count = count + 1
            print("\r当前进度: {:.2f}%".format(count * 100 / len(lst)), end="")
        except:
            count = count + 1
            print("\r当前进度: {:.2f}%".format(count * 100 / len(lst)), end="")
            continue


def main():
    stock_list_url = 'http://quote.eastmoney.com/stocklist.html'
    stock_info_url = 'http://quote.eastmoney.com/'
    output_file = './Stock.txt'
    slist = []
    getStockList(slist, stock_list_url)
    getStockInfo(slist, stock_info_url, output_file)


main()


Tip_00401 Recursive-Hanoi

count = 1

def test(num, src, dst, rest):
    global count
    
    if num < 1:
        print(False)
    elif num == 1:
        print("%d:\t%s -> %s" % (count, src, dst))
        count += 1
    elif num > 1:
        test(num - 1, src, rest, dst)
        test(1, src, dst, rest)
        test(num - 1, rest, dst, src)

test(3, 'A', 'C', 'B')