{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
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     "slide_type": "slide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "# [X-Village] Lesson03 - Class\n",
    "---\n",
    "speaker: amber(吳思嬋)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## 有系統內建函式(ex. print)，我們可以使用 keyword def 來建立自定義的函式。\n",
    "\n",
    "## 同理，有系統內建的type(ex. number, string, ...)，我們也可以使用某一個keyword 來建立我們自定義的type。"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## 使用 keyword class 就能建立自己的 type object，將這個type object 指派給我們我們自由定義的名字(Name)\n",
    "---\n",
    "<img src=\"https://i.imgur.com/CVat5p7.png\" width=800 height=600 />"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## 在 class 的內部 assign name， name 為變數(variable) 或 函式(def statement)\n",
    "---\n",
    "* class 的變數(variable) 我們稱為屬性(attribute)\n",
    "* class 的變數 函式(function)，我們稱為方法(method)\n",
    "* 當 class object 建立時，class object 擁有自己的scope, 存放 attribute 和 method\n",
    "<img src=\"https://i.imgur.com/61tpUEk.png\" width=800 height=600 />"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "<img src=\"https://i.imgur.com/DGaNVfI.png\" width=800 height=600 />"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## Instance Objects (實例物件)\n",
    "* 當我們使用 class object  的時候，就會產生 instance object\n",
    "* 產生 instance object 時，instance object 會擁有自己的 local scope。\n",
    "* 產生 instance object 時，它會繼承 class object 的 attribute(屬性) 與 method(方法)，位於 instance object 的 local scope"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "<img src=\"https://i.imgur.com/YVyTYzc.png\" width=800 height=600 />"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "### 建立 instance object (實例物件) 時，instance object 就擁有自己獨立的scope 和 繼承 class的 attribute 與 method，attribute 與 method 屬於 instance object 的 local scope。\n",
    "<img src=\"https://i.imgur.com/35fgaKa.png\" width=800 height=600 />"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "### 在instance object 中，assign attribute 或 reassgin attribute 都不會影響原本的 class object\n",
    "<img src=\"https://i.imgur.com/tNNtzCX.png\" width=800 height=600 />"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "This is my own attribute\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "class Animal:\n",
    "    name = 'default_name'\n",
    "    age = 'default_age'\n",
    "        \n",
    "my_pet = Animal() # Make instances object\n",
    "my_pet.name = 'dog'\n",
    "my_pet.age = '7'\n",
    "\n",
    "my_pet.new = 'This is my own attribute'\n",
    "print(my_pet.new)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "<img src=\"https://i.imgur.com/HeILWS8.png\" width=800 height=600 />"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## 在 class 中可以使用 keyword def 來產生 function，我們稱為method。\n",
    "## Method 宣告時的第一個 argument 非常重要！！！一定要寫。 代表 instance object 可以取用 attribute。\n",
    "---\n",
    "<img src=\"https://i.imgur.com/6jbgfgC.png\" width=800 height=600 />"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## 使用 instance.method 的表達時，可以呼叫 method"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 49,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "球體體積 523.3333333333334\n",
      "球體表面積 314.0\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "class Ball: \n",
    "    def set_radius(self, radius_arg):\n",
    "        self.radius = radius_arg\n",
    "        \n",
    "    def calculate_volume(self): # 計算球體體積\n",
    "        volume = 4/3 * 3.14 * (self.radius*self.radius*self.radius)\n",
    "        return volume\n",
    "\n",
    "    def calculate_surface_area(self): # 計算球體表面積\n",
    "        self.surface_area = 4 * 3.14 * (self.radius*self.radius)\n",
    "        \n",
    "x = Ball() # 建立 instance object\n",
    "x.set_radius(5)\n",
    "\n",
    "volume = x.calculate_volume() # 呼叫計算體積method\n",
    "print('球體體積', volume) # \n",
    "\n",
    "x.calculate_surface_area() # 呼叫計算表面積method\n",
    "print('球體表面積', x.surface_area) "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "<img src=\"https://i.imgur.com/LmDloGh.png\" width=800 height=600 />"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "<img src=\"https://i.imgur.com/ZZOw182.png\" width=800 height=600 />"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## Recap Scope - 當我們 assign name 的時候，name所在的位置就決定了它的scope\n",
    "---\n",
    "* 在 function 中 assign name，name 屬於 function 的 local scope\n",
    "* 在 function 外 assign name，name 屬於 global scope"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## class object 和 instance object 的 Scope\n",
    "---\n",
    "* class object 建立的時候，擁有自己的 scope，存放attribute 和 method\n",
    "* instance object 建立的時候，也擁有自己的scope，存放attribute 和 method"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## 課堂練習 - 判斷 name 所屬的 scope (不列入課堂成績)\n",
    "---\n",
    "1. 請根據我們教的 scope 概念，圈出 global scope 和 local scope \n",
    "2. 請判斷下列的name 所屬的 scope，若為 local scope, 則需列出是誰的local scope 。\n",
    "    * Ball, set_radius, calculate_volume, calculate_surface_area, radius_arg, volume1, volume2, x ,\n",
    "    * 屬性 color, radius, surface_area"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 53,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "球體體積 523.3333333333334\n",
      "球體表面積 314.0\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "class Ball: \n",
    "    color = 'BLACK'\n",
    "    def set_radius(self, radius_arg):\n",
    "        self.radius = radius_arg\n",
    "        \n",
    "    def calculate_volume(self): # 計算球體體積\n",
    "        volume1 = 4/3 * 3.14 * (self.radius*self.radius*self.radius)\n",
    "        return volume1\n",
    "\n",
    "    def calculate_surface_area(self): # 計算球體表面積\n",
    "        self.surface_area = 4 * 3.14 * (self.radius*self.radius)\n",
    "        \n",
    "x = Ball() # 建立 instance object\n",
    "x.set_radius(5)\n",
    "\n",
    "volume2 = x.calculate_volume() # 呼叫計算體積method\n",
    "print('球體體積', volume) # \n",
    "\n",
    "x.calculate_surface_area() # 呼叫計算表面積method\n",
    "print('球體表面積', x.surface_area) "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## 課堂練習1 - 判斷 name 所屬的 scope (列入課堂成績)\n",
    "---\n",
    "1. 請根據我們教的 scope 概念，圈出 global scope 和 local scope，判斷 name 的 scope。 \n",
    "2. 請找助教講解下列程式的流程，以及每一個name所屬的scope及其緣由（為什麼會print出這樣的結果）。"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 62,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Name: Keven result: 過輕\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "class BMI: \n",
    "    name = 'default_name'  \n",
    "    def set_name(self, name_arg):\n",
    "        self.name = name_arg\n",
    "        name = 'John'\n",
    "        \n",
    "    def judge(self, height, weight):\n",
    "        calculate = weight / (height*height)\n",
    "        if calculate < 18.5:\n",
    "            self.result = '過輕'\n",
    "        elif 18.5 < calculate and calculate < 24:\n",
    "            self.result = '正常'\n",
    "        else:\n",
    "            self.result ='過重'\n",
    "    def display(self): # 展示結果\n",
    "        print('Name:', self.name, 'result:',self.result)\n",
    "        \n",
    "man = BMI()\n",
    "man.set_name('Keven')\n",
    "man.judge(1.82, 50)\n",
    "man.display()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## 課堂練習2 - 建立 class Life（列入課堂成績）\n",
    "* 程式要求：\n",
    "    * 需使用 list 儲存nxn地圖 \n",
    "        * 2x2 map：\n",
    "               [[＊, ＊],\n",
    "                [＊, ＊]]\n",
    "    * 建立 set_map method，傳入參數 n， 建立 nxn 地圖\n",
    "    * 建立 set_pattern method， 傳入參數 p， 如果 p=1， 在 nxn 地圖中的中央設置 Glider圖案（如下列範例）\n",
    "    * 建立 display method，展示地圖\n",
    "    * 可以自由建立任何你需要的 attribute, method\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "* 範例\n",
    "    * my_map = Map() #建立 instance object\n",
    "    * my_map.set_map(5) # n=5, 代表地圖為 5x5 大小\n",
    "    * my_map.display() #印出 5x5 地圖\n",
    "<img src=\"https://i.imgur.com/2Bi1jqS.png\" width=100 height=100 />\n",
    "    * my_map.set_pattern(1) # p=1, 設置 Glider 圖案在地圖中央\n",
    "    * my_map.display() # 展示有 Glider 圖案的地圖\n",
    "<img src=\"https://i.imgur.com/X9pWvvl.png\" width=100 height=100 />"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "* 範例(接續）\n",
    "    * my_map.set_map(7) # n=7, 代表地圖為 7x7 大小。\n",
    "    * my_map.display() #印出 7x7 地圖\n",
    "<img src=\"https://i.imgur.com/pAAQd1m.png\" width=100 height=100 />\n",
    "\n",
    "    * my_map.set_pattern(1) # p=1, 設置 Glider 圖案在地圖中央\n",
    "    * my_map.display() # 展示有 Glider 圖案的地圖\n",
    "<img src=\"https://i.imgur.com/ip18gdJ.png\" width=100 height=100 />"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## Constructors Method: ＿init＿\n",
    "----\n",
    "* **語法: init前後都需要雙底線  **，init的名字不能更改，一定要叫做init。\n",
    "* 如果我們有設置 ＿init＿ method，當 instance object 被建立的時候，就會自動執行。\n",
    "* 因此，我們常透過 ＿init＿ method 來做初始化的動作。"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "![](https://i.imgur.com/jAbemHW.png)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 63,
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "fragment"
    }
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "John 35\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# __init__ is run when a new instance object is created\n",
    "class People:\n",
    "    def __init__(self, name, age):\n",
    "        self.name = name\n",
    "        self.age = age\n",
    "        \n",
    "x = People('John', '35')\n",
    "print(x.name, x.age)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## 課堂練習3 - 建立 class Life（列入課堂成績）\n",
    "* 程式要求：\n",
    "    * 需使用 list 儲存nxn地圖 \n",
    "        * 2x2 map：\n",
    "               [[＊, ＊],\n",
    "                [＊, ＊]]\n",
    "    * 建立 ＿init＿ method，傳入參數 n, p， 初始化 nxn 地圖。如果 p=1， 在 nxn 地圖中的中央設置 Glider圖案（如下列範例）\n",
    "    * 建立 display method，展示地圖\n",
    "    * 可以自由建立任何你需要的 attribute, method"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "* 範例\n",
    "    * my_map = Map(5, 1) #建立 instance object\n",
    "    * my_map.display() #印出有 Glider 圖案的 5x5 地圖\n",
    "<img src=\"https://i.imgur.com/X9pWvvl.png\" width=100 height=100 />"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## [X-Village Python Programming - 作業1](https://github.com/x-village/X-Village-Homework1)（列入作業成績）"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {
    "slideshow": {
     "slide_type": "subslide"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "## [X-Village Python Programming - 自我挑戰題](https://hackmd.io/Oy66r5PkSNC7xoHbhZkwug)（不列入作業和課堂成績）"
   ]
  }
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