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<center><h1>Basic Stacked area chart with R</h1></center>
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<center><p style="max-width: 600px; margin-top: 40px">This post provides the basics concerning <a href="stacked-area-graph.html">stacked area chart</a> with R and <code>ggplot2</code>. It takes into account several input format types and show how to customize the output.</p></center>
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<h1 id="most-basic-stacked-area-with-ggplot2">Most basic stacked area with ggplot2</h1>
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<p>The data frame used as input to build a stacked area chart requires 3 columns:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>x</code>: numeric variable used for the X axis, often it is a time.</li>
<li><code>y</code>: numeric variable used for the Y axis. What are we looking at?</li>
<li><code>group</code>: one shape will be done per group.</li>
</ul>
<p>The chart is built using the <code>geom_area()</code> function.</p>
</div>
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<p><img src="136-stacked-area-chart_files/figure-html/thecode-1.png" width="100%" /></p>
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<div class="sourceCode" id="cb1"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-1" data-line-number="1"><span class="co"># Packages</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-2" data-line-number="2"><span class="kw">library</span>(ggplot2)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-3" data-line-number="3"><span class="kw">library</span>(dplyr)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-4" data-line-number="4"> </a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-5" data-line-number="5"><span class="co"># create data</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-6" data-line-number="6">time <-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">as.numeric</span>(<span class="kw">rep</span>(<span class="kw">seq</span>(<span class="dv">1</span>,<span class="dv">7</span>),<span class="dt">each=</span><span class="dv">7</span>)) <span class="co"># x Axis</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-7" data-line-number="7">value <-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">runif</span>(<span class="dv">49</span>, <span class="dv">10</span>, <span class="dv">100</span>) <span class="co"># y Axis</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-8" data-line-number="8">group <-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">rep</span>(LETTERS[<span class="dv">1</span><span class="op">:</span><span class="dv">7</span>],<span class="dt">times=</span><span class="dv">7</span>) <span class="co"># group, one shape per group</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-9" data-line-number="9">data <-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">data.frame</span>(time, value, group)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-10" data-line-number="10"></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-11" data-line-number="11"><span class="co"># stacked area chart</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-12" data-line-number="12"><span class="kw">ggplot</span>(data, <span class="kw">aes</span>(<span class="dt">x=</span>time, <span class="dt">y=</span>value, <span class="dt">fill=</span>group)) <span class="op">+</span><span class="st"> </span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb1-13" data-line-number="13"><span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">geom_area</span>()</a></code></pre></div>
<h1 id="control-stacking-order-with-ggplot2">Control stacking order with <code>ggplot2</code></h1>
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<p>The gallery offers a post dedicated to <a href="267-reorder-a-variable-in-ggplot2.html">reordering with ggplot2</a>. This step can be tricky but the code below shows how to:</p>
<ul>
<li>give a specific order with the <code>factor()</code> function.</li>
<li>order alphabetically using <code>sort()</code></li>
<li>order following values at a specific data</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6 col-sm-12">
<p><img src="136-stacked-area-chart_files/figure-html/thecode2-1.png" width="100%" /></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb2"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-1" data-line-number="1"><span class="co"># Give a specific order:</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-2" data-line-number="2">data<span class="op">$</span>group <-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">factor</span>(data<span class="op">$</span>group , <span class="dt">levels=</span><span class="kw">c</span>(<span class="st">"B"</span>, <span class="st">"A"</span>, <span class="st">"D"</span>, <span class="st">"E"</span>, <span class="st">"G"</span>, <span class="st">"F"</span>, <span class="st">"C"</span>) )</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-3" data-line-number="3"></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-4" data-line-number="4"><span class="co"># Plot again</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-5" data-line-number="5"><span class="kw">ggplot</span>(data, <span class="kw">aes</span>(<span class="dt">x=</span>time, <span class="dt">y=</span>value, <span class="dt">fill=</span>group)) <span class="op">+</span><span class="st"> </span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-6" data-line-number="6"><span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">geom_area</span>()</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-7" data-line-number="7"></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-8" data-line-number="8"><span class="co"># Note: you can also sort levels alphabetically:</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-9" data-line-number="9">myLevels <-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">levels</span>(data<span class="op">$</span>group)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-10" data-line-number="10">data<span class="op">$</span>group <-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">factor</span>(data<span class="op">$</span>group , <span class="dt">levels=</span><span class="kw">sort</span>(myLevels) )</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-11" data-line-number="11"></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-12" data-line-number="12"><span class="co"># Note: sort followinig values at time = 5</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-13" data-line-number="13">myLevels <-<span class="st"> </span>data <span class="op">%>%</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-14" data-line-number="14"><span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">filter</span>(time<span class="op">==</span><span class="dv">6</span>) <span class="op">%>%</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-15" data-line-number="15"><span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">arrange</span>(value)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb2-16" data-line-number="16">data<span class="op">$</span>group <-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">factor</span>(data<span class="op">$</span>group , <span class="dt">levels=</span>myLevels<span class="op">$</span>group )</a></code></pre></div>
<h1 id="proportional-stacked-area-chart">Proportional stacked area chart</h1>
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<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-6 col-sm-12 align-self-center">
<p>In a proportional stacked area graph, the sum of each year is always equal to hundred and value of each group is represented through percentages.</p>
<p>To make it, you have to calculate these percentages first. This can be done using <code>dplyr</code> of with <code>base R</code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6 col-sm-12">
<p><img src="136-stacked-area-chart_files/figure-html/thecode3-1.png" width="100%" /></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb3"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-1" data-line-number="1"><span class="co"># Compute percentages with dplyr</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-2" data-line-number="2"><span class="kw">library</span>(dplyr)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-3" data-line-number="3">data <-<span class="st"> </span>data <span class="op">%>%</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-4" data-line-number="4"><span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">group_by</span>(time, group) <span class="op">%>%</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-5" data-line-number="5"><span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">summarise</span>(<span class="dt">n =</span> <span class="kw">sum</span>(value)) <span class="op">%>%</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-6" data-line-number="6"><span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">mutate</span>(<span class="dt">percentage =</span> n <span class="op">/</span><span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">sum</span>(n))</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-7" data-line-number="7"></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-8" data-line-number="8"><span class="co"># Plot</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-9" data-line-number="9"><span class="kw">ggplot</span>(data, <span class="kw">aes</span>(<span class="dt">x=</span>time, <span class="dt">y=</span>percentage, <span class="dt">fill=</span>group)) <span class="op">+</span><span class="st"> </span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-10" data-line-number="10"><span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">geom_area</span>(<span class="dt">alpha=</span><span class="fl">0.6</span> , <span class="dt">size=</span><span class="dv">1</span>, <span class="dt">colour=</span><span class="st">"black"</span>)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-11" data-line-number="11"></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-12" data-line-number="12"><span class="co"># Note: compute percentages without dplyr:</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-13" data-line-number="13">my_fun <-<span class="st"> </span><span class="cf">function</span>(vec){ </a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-14" data-line-number="14"> <span class="kw">as.numeric</span>(vec[<span class="dv">2</span>]) <span class="op">/</span><span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">sum</span>(data<span class="op">$</span>value[data<span class="op">$</span>time<span class="op">==</span>vec[<span class="dv">1</span>]]) <span class="op">*</span><span class="dv">100</span> </a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-15" data-line-number="15">}</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb3-16" data-line-number="16">data<span class="op">$</span>percentage <-<span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">apply</span>(data , <span class="dv">1</span> , my_fun)</a></code></pre></div>
<h1 id="color-style">Color & Style</h1>
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<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 col-sm-12 align-self-center">
<p>Let’s improve the chart general appearance:</p>
<ul>
<li>usage of the <code>viridis</code> color scale</li>
<li><code>theme_ipsum</code> of the <code>hrbrthemes</code> package</li>
<li>add title with <code>ggtitle</code></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6 col-sm-12">
<p><img src="136-stacked-area-chart_files/figure-html/thecode4-1.png" width="100%" /></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sourceCode" id="cb4"><pre class="sourceCode r"><code class="sourceCode r"><a class="sourceLine" id="cb4-1" data-line-number="1"><span class="co"># Library</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb4-2" data-line-number="2"><span class="kw">library</span>(viridis)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb4-3" data-line-number="3"><span class="kw">library</span>(hrbrthemes)</a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb4-4" data-line-number="4"></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb4-5" data-line-number="5"><span class="co"># Plot</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb4-6" data-line-number="6"><span class="kw">ggplot</span>(data, <span class="kw">aes</span>(<span class="dt">x=</span>time, <span class="dt">y=</span>value, <span class="dt">fill=</span>group)) <span class="op">+</span><span class="st"> </span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb4-7" data-line-number="7"><span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">geom_area</span>(<span class="dt">alpha=</span><span class="fl">0.6</span> , <span class="dt">size=</span>.<span class="dv">5</span>, <span class="dt">colour=</span><span class="st">"white"</span>) <span class="op">+</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb4-8" data-line-number="8"><span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">scale_fill_viridis</span>(<span class="dt">discrete =</span> T) <span class="op">+</span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb4-9" data-line-number="9"><span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">theme_ipsum</span>() <span class="op">+</span><span class="st"> </span></a>
<a class="sourceLine" id="cb4-10" data-line-number="10"><span class="st"> </span><span class="kw">ggtitle</span>(<span class="st">"The race between ..."</span>)</a></code></pre></div>
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