Base R margins: a cheatsheet.



This post is dedicated to margin management in base R. It describes how to use the par function to call the mar and oma parameters: the 2 types of margin.

Line chart Section About line chart

There are 2 margin areas in base R plots: margin and oma. You can control their size calling the par() function before your plot and giving the corresponding arguments:

  • mar() for margin.
  • oma() for outer margin area.

For both arguments, you must give four values giving the desired space in the bottom, left, top and right part of the chart respectively. For instance, par(mar=c(4,0,0,0)) draws a margin of size 4 only on the bottom of the chart.

You can use mai() and omi() if you want to set the areas in inches and not in lines.

# Margins area
par(oma=c(3,3,3,3)) # all sides have 3 lines of space 
par(mar=c(5,4,4,2) + 0.1)

# Plot 
plot(0:10, 0:10, type="n", xlab="X", ylab="Y") # type="n" hides the points 

# Place text in the plot and color everything plot-related red 
text(5,5, "Plot", col="red", cex=2) 
box(col="red") 

# Place text in the margins and label the margins, all in forestgreen  
mtext("Margins", side=3, line=2, cex=2, col="forestgreen")  
mtext("par(mar=c(b,l,t,r))", side=3, line=1, cex=1, col="forestgreen")  
mtext("Line 0", side=3, line=0, adj=1.0, cex=1, col="forestgreen")  
mtext("Line 1", side=3, line=1, adj=1.0, cex=1, col="forestgreen")  
mtext("Line 2", side=3, line=2, adj=1.0, cex=1, col="forestgreen")  
mtext("Line 3", side=3, line=3, adj=1.0, cex=1, col="forestgreen")  
box("figure", col="forestgreen")  
  
# Label the outer margin area and color it blue  
# Note the 'outer=TRUE' command moves us from the figure margins to the outer margins.  
mtext("Outer Margin Area", side=1, line=1, cex=2, col="blue", outer=TRUE)  
mtext("par(oma=c(b,l,t,r))", side=1, line=2, cex=1, col="blue", outer=TRUE)  
mtext("Line 0", side=1, line=0, adj=0.0, cex=1, col="blue", outer=TRUE)  
mtext("Line 1", side=1, line=1, adj=0.0, cex=1, col="blue", outer=TRUE)  
mtext("Line 2", side=1, line=2, adj=0.0, cex=1, col="blue", outer=TRUE)  
box("outer", col="blue")  

Related chart types


Line plot
Area
Stacked area
Streamchart
Time Series



Contact

This document is a work by Yan Holtz. Any feedback is highly encouraged. You can fill an issue on Github, drop me a message on Twitter, or send an email pasting yan.holtz.data with gmail.com.

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