XAO:0000000
XAO:1000000
XAO represents the anatomy and development of the African frogs Xenopus laevis and tropicalis.
Xenopus Anatomy Ontology
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
* XAO:$sequence(7,6000,9999999)$
03:09:2024 11:00
xenopus_anatomy
1.2
eriksegerdell
CARO part_of NCBITaxon:8353
CL part_of NCBITaxon:8353
GO part_of NCBITaxon:8353
UBERON part_of NCBITaxon:8353
Citation for XAO v1 by Xenbase: Segerdell E, Bowes JB, Pollet N, Vize PD; BMC Dev Biol 2008 8:92; PMID:18817563.
Citation for XAO v3 by Xenbase: Segerdell E, Ponferrada VG, James-Zorn C, Burns KA, Fortriede JD, Dahdul WM, Vize PD, Zorn AM; J Biomed Semantics 2013 4(1):31; PMID:24139024.
Supported by NIH R01 HD045776 and NICHD P41 HD064556.
Version: 11.1
definition
IAO:0000700
term replaced by
plural form
Anatomical Site slim
Frequently Used Anatomy slim
Organism View slim
Sectional Anatomy Item slim
namespace-id-rule
subset_property
synonym_type_property
consider
has_alternative_id
has_broad_synonym
database_cross_reference
has_exact_synonym
has_narrow_synonym
has_obo_format_version
has_obo_namespace
has_related_synonym
has_synonym_type
in_subset
shorthand
treat-xrefs-as-genus-differentia
BFO:0000050
xenopus_anatomy
part_of
part_of
part of
RO:0002202
xenopus_anatomy
develops_from
develops_from
develops from
Anatomical structure/expression stops being viable, obvious or of utility during this developmental stage.
xenopus_anatomy
end_stage
ends during
Anatomical structure/expression stops being viable, obvious or of utility during this developmental stage.
Xenbase:Staff
xenopus_anatomy
preceded_by
preceded by
Anatomical structure/expression begins being viable, obvious or of utility during this developmental stage.
xenopus_anatomy
start_stage
starts during
Anatomical structure/expression begins being viable, obvious or of utility during this developmental stage.
Xenbase:Staff
An entity that is either an individual member of Xenopus or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of Xenopus.
CARO:0000000
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000000
Xenopus anatomical entity
An entity that is either an individual member of Xenopus or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of Xenopus.
CARO:0000000
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Primary germ layer that is the outer of the embryo's germ layers and gives rise to epidermis and neural tissue.
UBERON:0000924
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000001
ectoderm
Primary germ layer that is the outer of the embryo's germ layers and gives rise to epidermis and neural tissue.
UBERON:0000924
Surface structure that has an important role in tadpole locomotion. It starts to develop along the trunk and tail of the embryo at the tail bud stage and continues to grow until the start of metamorphosis when it begins to regress. It consists of flattened epidermal cells elevated into a keel-like structure by a supporting core of mesenchyme and extracellular matrix.
UBERON:0008897
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000002
fin
Surface structure that has an important role in tadpole locomotion. It starts to develop along the trunk and tail of the embryo at the tail bud stage and continues to grow until the start of metamorphosis when it begins to regress. It consists of flattened epidermal cells elevated into a keel-like structure by a supporting core of mesenchyme and extracellular matrix.
PMID:15188431
Part of the fin consisting of flattened epidermal cells elevated into a keel-like structure.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000003
outer fin
Part of the fin consisting of flattened epidermal cells elevated into a keel-like structure.
PMID:15188431
Part of the fin consisting of a supporting core of mesenchyme and extracellular matrix.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000004
inner fin
Part of the fin consisting of a supporting core of mesenchyme and extracellular matrix.
PMID:15188431
A thick plate of cells derived from the neural ectoderm in the head region of the embryo that develops into the olfactory epithelium of the nasal cavity.
UBERON:0003050
xenopus_anatomy
nasal placode
XAO:0000005
olfactory placode
A thick plate of cells derived from the neural ectoderm in the head region of the embryo that develops into the olfactory epithelium of the nasal cavity.
http://www.merriam-webster.com/medlineplus/olfactory+placode
The saccular invagination of ectoderm from which the vertebrate inner ear develops.
XAO:0000184
ear
UBERON:0003051
xenopus_anatomy
ear vesicle
otocyst
XAO:0000006
otic vesicle
The saccular invagination of ectoderm from which the vertebrate inner ear develops.
UBERON:0003051
A surface structure consisting of a set of membranes that cover and protect the eye.
UBERON:0001713
ventral eyelid
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000007
lower eyelid
A surface structure consisting of a set of membranes that cover and protect the eye.
Wikipedia:Frog
Transparent, biconvex structure in the eye that, along with the cornea, helps to refract light to be focused on the retina.
UBERON:0000965
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000008
lens
Transparent, biconvex structure in the eye that, along with the cornea, helps to refract light to be focused on the retina.
Wikipedia:Lens_(anatomy)
Sensory membrane that lines the posterior chamber of the eye and functions as the immediate instrument of vision by receiving the image formed by the lens and converting it into chemical and nervous signals which reach the brain by way of the optic nerve.
UBERON:0000966
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000009
retina
Sensory membrane that lines the posterior chamber of the eye and functions as the immediate instrument of vision by receiving the image formed by the lens and converting it into chemical and nervous signals which reach the brain by way of the optic nerve.
http://www.merriam-webster.com/medlineplus/retina
Organ that is the center of the nervous system. It is located in the head, protected by the skull and close to the primary sensory apparatus of vision, hearing, balance, taste, and smell. It appears when the neural tube segregates in forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain at NF stage 22. The general pattern of the brain has been mainly established at NF stage 28. Yolky material is consumed and the fibre tracts and later the commissures develop. In general all of its parts are well developed at NF stage 53 and later development consists mainly of growth and some further cytological differentiation. In the period of metamorphosis only topographical changes take place.
UBERON:0000955
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000010
brain
Organ that is the center of the nervous system. It is located in the head, protected by the skull and close to the primary sensory apparatus of vision, hearing, balance, taste, and smell. It appears when the neural tube segregates in forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain at NF stage 22. The general pattern of the brain has been mainly established at NF stage 28. Yolky material is consumed and the fibre tracts and later the commissures develop. In general all of its parts are well developed at NF stage 53 and later development consists mainly of growth and some further cytological differentiation. In the period of metamorphosis only topographical changes take place.
ISBN:0815318960
UBERON:0000955
The part of the brain that is the anterior of its three primary divisions and that includes the telencephalon and diencephalon.
UBERON:0001890
xenopus_anatomy
prosencephalon
XAO:0000011
forebrain
The part of the brain that is the anterior of its three primary divisions and that includes the telencephalon and diencephalon.
http://www.merriam-webster.com/medlineplus/forebrain
Part of the forebrain consisting of paired olfactory bulbs and cerebral hemispheres.
UBERON:0001893
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000012
telencephalon
Part of the forebrain consisting of paired olfactory bulbs and cerebral hemispheres.
AAO:0010479
A division of the forebrain situated between the telencephalon and midbrain. In the developing brain it is the more posterior and ventral of two forebrain neuromeres, the other being the telencephalon; major derivatives are the eye vesicle, the brain pretectal region, the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus (including the habenula and epiphysis).
UBERON:0001894
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000013
diencephalon
A division of the forebrain situated between the telencephalon and midbrain. In the developing brain it is the more posterior and ventral of two forebrain neuromeres, the other being the telencephalon; major derivatives are the eye vesicle, the brain pretectal region, the thalamus, hypothalamus, and epithalamus (including the habenula and epiphysis).
Xenbase:Staff
Middle part of the brain composed of the optic tectum and penducular region.
UBERON:0001891
xenopus_anatomy
mesencephalon
XAO:0000014
midbrain
Middle part of the brain composed of the optic tectum and penducular region.
AAO:0010149
The part of the brain that is the posterior of its three primary divisions.
UBERON:0002028
xenopus_anatomy
rhombencephalon
XAO:0000015
hindbrain
The part of the brain that is the posterior of its three primary divisions.
http://www.merriam-webster.com/medlineplus/hindbrain
The part of the brain that is the morphological boundary between the midbrain and hindbrain and that is the location of an organizing center which patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate.
UBERON:0003052
MHB
xenopus_anatomy
isthmic organizer territory
isthmus
XAO:0000016
midbrain-hindbrain boundary
The part of the brain that is the morphological boundary between the midbrain and hindbrain and that is the location of an organizing center which patterns the midbrain and hindbrain primordia of the neural plate.
UBERON:0003052
An endocrine gland, located ventral to the diencephalon, that secretes hormones that regulate many other glands.
XAO:0000161
UBERON:0000007
Hyp
xenopus_anatomy
pituitary
pituitary gland
XAO:0000017
hypophysis
An endocrine gland, located ventral to the diencephalon, that secretes hormones that regulate many other glands.
UBERON:0000007
Portion of tissue that is the precursor to the gonads.
UBERON:0005294
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000018
genital ridge
Portion of tissue that is the precursor to the gonads.
Wikipedia:Gonadal_ridge
Long, thin, tubular structure made up of nervous tissue that extends from the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column, and from which the spinal nerves emerge.
UBERON:0002240
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000020
spinal cord
Long, thin, tubular structure made up of nervous tissue that extends from the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column, and from which the spinal nerves emerge.
Wikipedia:Spinal_cord
Proliferative region that is part of the ventricular system of the brain.
UBERON:0003053
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000021
ventricular zone
Proliferative region that is part of the ventricular system of the brain.
VHOG:0001224
Organizing center located at the dorsal midline of the neural tube that influences the development of the nervous system, controlling the specification and differentiation of dorsal neuronal cell types.
UBERON:0005724
roofplate
xenopus_anatomy
spinal cord roof
XAO:0000022
roof plate
Organizing center located at the dorsal midline of the neural tube that influences the development of the nervous system, controlling the specification and differentiation of dorsal neuronal cell types.
PMID:15378040
The organ covering the body that consists of the dermis and epidermis.
UBERON:0002097
xenopus_anatomy
integument
XAO:0000023
skin
The organ covering the body that consists of the dermis and epidermis.
UBERON:0002097
The most anterior of the migrating cranial neural crest streams, running along the posterior edge of the eye primordium, and in later stages, below the eye and to the border of the cement gland. The mandibular stream is the first to initiate CNC cell migration.
UBERON:0007098
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000024
mandibular crest
The most anterior of the migrating cranial neural crest streams, running along the posterior edge of the eye primordium, and in later stages, below the eye and to the border of the cement gland. The mandibular stream is the first to initiate CNC cell migration.
PMID:21490068
The second most anterior of the migrating cranial neural crests streams, it lays between the mandibular and anterior branchial crest streams.
UBERON:0007099
hyoid neural crest
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000025
hyoid crest
The second most anterior of the migrating cranial neural crests streams, it lays between the mandibular and anterior branchial crest streams.
PMID:21490068
The most posterior segments of the population of migratory cells of the cranial neural crest, contributing to the branchial arches 3 and 4. Branchial crest cells migrate in two distinct streams referred to as the anterior and posterior branchial crest.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000026
branchial crest
The most posterior segments of the population of migratory cells of the cranial neural crest, contributing to the branchial arches 3 and 4. Branchial crest cells migrate in two distinct streams referred to as the anterior and posterior branchial crest.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-4588
Ganglion that is located in the head.
UBERON:0001714
xenopus_anatomy
cranial ganglia
XAO:0000027
cranial ganglion
Ganglion that is located in the head.
ZFA:0000013
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
cranial ganglia
The outer epithelial layer of the external integument of the body that is derived from the primative or embryonic ectoderm.
skin
UBERON:0001003
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000028
epidermis
The outer epithelial layer of the external integument of the body that is derived from the primative or embryonic ectoderm.
AAO:0000143
The outermost layer of the epidermis, the multilayered epithelium derived from the ectoderm.
UBERON:0003055
xenopus_anatomy
epidermis epithelial layer
periderm
XAO:0000029
epidermis outer layer
The outermost layer of the epidermis, the multilayered epithelium derived from the ectoderm.
Xenbase:Staff
The membrane enveloping the egg or oocyte, lying immediately outside the plasmalemma. It is formed while the oocyte is in the ovary and it separates from the egg to form the fertilization membrane.
UBERON:0003125
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000030
vitelline membrane
The membrane enveloping the egg or oocyte, lying immediately outside the plasmalemma. It is formed while the oocyte is in the ovary and it separates from the egg to form the fertilization membrane.
AAO:0010332
Xenbase:Staff
Cell type that has motile cilia and populates the skin of the embryo, arranged in the surface layer of the non-neural ectoderm in an ordered distribution.
ciliated cell
CL:0007018
epidermal ciliary cell
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000031
ciliated epidermal cell
Cell type that has motile cilia and populates the skin of the embryo, arranged in the surface layer of the non-neural ectoderm in an ordered distribution.
PMID:10518489
An anterior thickening of the sensorial layer of ectoderm, just above the cement gland. The hypophyseal layer separates from the stomodeal layer at NF stage 29 and 30, and when contacted by a protrusion of the foregut, the stomodeal layer will rupture to form the mouth opening at NF stage 39 and 40.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000032
stomodeal-hypophyseal primordium
An anterior thickening of the sensorial layer of ectoderm, just above the cement gland. The hypophyseal layer separates from the stomodeal layer at NF stage 29 and 30, and when contacted by a protrusion of the foregut, the stomodeal layer will rupture to form the mouth opening at NF stage 39 and 40.
Xenbase:Staff
A simple mucus-secreting structure that is positioned at the front of the embryo, attaches the newly hatched embryo to a support before the hatchling can swim well or feed, and marks the anterior-most dorsal ectoderm.
UBERON:0005093
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000033
cement gland
A simple mucus-secreting structure that is positioned at the front of the embryo, attaches the newly hatched embryo to a support before the hatchling can swim well or feed, and marks the anterior-most dorsal ectoderm.
PMID:8787748
A Y-shaped array of unicelluar glands on the top of the head, the open end of which faces anteriorly, that secrete an enzyme that dissolves or weakens the egg jelly and facilitates hatching. Presumptive cells of the hatching gland are present by the end of gastrualtion (NF stage 12.5) and differentiated cells start to form after neurulation is complete (NF stage 21).
UBERON:0002538
xenopus_anatomy
frontal gland
XAO:0000034
hatching gland
A Y-shaped array of unicelluar glands on the top of the head, the open end of which faces anteriorly, that secrete an enzyme that dissolves or weakens the egg jelly and facilitates hatching. Presumptive cells of the hatching gland are present by the end of gastrualtion (NF stage 12.5) and differentiated cells start to form after neurulation is complete (NF stage 21).
Xenbase:Staff
Cell formed by a fertilization event between male and female gametes.
CL:0000365
fertilized egg
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000035
zygote
Cell formed by a fertilization event between male and female gametes.
Wikipedia:Zygote
Ectodermal roof of the blastocoel.
xenopus_anatomy
animal ectoderm
XAO:0000036
animal cap
Ectodermal roof of the blastocoel.
Xenbase:Staff
Sensorial layer of blastocoel roof ectoderm.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000037
animal cap inner layer
Sensorial layer of blastocoel roof ectoderm.
Xenbase:Staff
Superficial layer of blastocoel roof ectoderm.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000038
animal cap outer layer
Superficial layer of blastocoel roof ectoderm.
Xenbase:Staff
XAO:0003186
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000039
obsolete anatomical site
true
The anterior-most third of the embryo, formed from the development of the head outgrowth at NF stage 21.
UBERON:0001444
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000040
head region
The anterior-most third of the embryo, formed from the development of the head outgrowth at NF stage 21.
Xenbase:Staff
A distinct layer of the epidermal cells beneath the outermost layer of epidermis, the multilayered epithelium derived from the ectoderm.
UBERON:0002025
xenopus_anatomy
epidermis sensorial layer
stratum germinativum
XAO:0000041
epidermis inner layer
A distinct layer of the epidermal cells beneath the outermost layer of epidermis, the multilayered epithelium derived from the ectoderm.
Xenbase:Staff
Embryonic ectoderm that gives rise to nervous tissue.
UBERON:0002346
neurectoderm
xenopus_anatomy
neural ectoderm
presumptive central nervous system
XAO:0000042
neuroectoderm
Embryonic ectoderm that gives rise to nervous tissue.
http://www.merriam-webster.com/medlineplus/neuroectoderm
Superficial neuroectoderm layer consisting of horizontally flattened, pigmented cells.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000043
neuroectoderm outer layer
Superficial neuroectoderm layer consisting of horizontally flattened, pigmented cells.
PMID:2642003
Deep neuroectoderm layer consisting of densely packed, cylindrical, unpigmented cells.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000044
neuroectoderm inner layer
Deep neuroectoderm layer consisting of densely packed, cylindrical, unpigmented cells.
PMID:2642003
The portion of neural plate anterior to the mid-hindbrain junction.
UBERON:0003056
xenopus_anatomy
anterior neural plate
XAO:0000045
pre-chordal neural plate
The portion of neural plate anterior to the mid-hindbrain junction.
Xenbase:Staff
The portion of neural plate posterior to the mid-hindbrain junction.
UBERON:0003057
xenopus_anatomy
posterior neural plate
XAO:0000046
chordal neural plate
The portion of neural plate posterior to the mid-hindbrain junction.
Xenbase:Staff
Region of the neural plate overlying the notochord.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000047
notoplate
Region of the neural plate overlying the notochord.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
A group of ectoderm cells that delaminate from the area between the neuroectoderm/non-neural ectoderm domains. They undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal tranformation (EMT) and migrate to give several different lineages of adult cells. Originating from different positions along the anterior-posterior axis, they develop into various tissues. These regions of neural crest can be divided into five main functional domains, which include the cranial, trunk, vagal and sacral neural crest, and cardiac neural crest. Neural crest cells are considered multipotent, and as they have the limited capacity for self renewal, they are regarded as stem cell-like.
UBERON:0002342
NC
xenopus_anatomy
neural crest material
XAO:0000048
neural crest
A group of ectoderm cells that delaminate from the area between the neuroectoderm/non-neural ectoderm domains. They undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal tranformation (EMT) and migrate to give several different lineages of adult cells. Originating from different positions along the anterior-posterior axis, they develop into various tissues. These regions of neural crest can be divided into five main functional domains, which include the cranial, trunk, vagal and sacral neural crest, and cardiac neural crest. Neural crest cells are considered multipotent, and as they have the limited capacity for self renewal, they are regarded as stem cell-like.
AAO:0010578
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-4588
The thickening of the epithelial layer of the ectoderm, with corresponding dark pigmentation, on the anterior dorso-ventral surface of the embryo.
cement gland
adhesive organ primordium
cement gland anlage
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000049
cement gland primordium
The thickening of the epithelial layer of the ectoderm, with corresponding dark pigmentation, on the anterior dorso-ventral surface of the embryo.
ISBN:0070179778
Primary germ layer that is the middle of the embryo's germ layers, between the endoderm and ectoderm.
UBERON:0000926
xenopus_anatomy
mesodermal mantle
XAO:0000050
mesoderm
Primary germ layer that is the middle of the embryo's germ layers, between the endoderm and ectoderm.
UBERON:0000926
Principal unpaired, median artery of the trunk, extending into the tail as the caudal artery.
UBERON:0005805
aorta dorsalis
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000051
dorsal aorta
Principal unpaired, median artery of the trunk, extending into the tail as the caudal artery.
ISBN:0226557634
The paired main vein, departing from the sinus venous, the fused heart primordium, it runs posteriorly down length of the embryo.
UBERON:0004344
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000052
cardinal vein
The paired main vein, departing from the sinus venous, the fused heart primordium, it runs posteriorly down length of the embryo.
Xenbase:Staff
The mesoderm of the head.
UBERON:0006904
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000053
head mesoderm
The mesoderm of the head.
Xenbase:Staff
The anatomical region of the body posterior to the head and anterior to the tail.
UBERON:0002100
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000054
trunk region
The anatomical region of the body posterior to the head and anterior to the tail.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
A longitudinal flexible rod of cells that in the embryo forms the supporting axis of the body. It degenerates, beginning anteriorly, at NF stage 46. Its posterior portion is greatly reduced by NF stage 55 and the entire structure is gone by NF stage 65.
UBERON:0002328
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000055
notochord
A longitudinal flexible rod of cells that in the embryo forms the supporting axis of the body. It degenerates, beginning anteriorly, at NF stage 46. Its posterior portion is greatly reduced by NF stage 55 and the entire structure is gone by NF stage 65.
ISBN:0815318960
http://www.merriam-webster.com/medlineplus/notochord
Transient structure that lies immediately ventral to the notochord in the embryo, likely required for the formation of the dorsal aorta. A slight depression marks the future hypochord at NF stage 20 and its segregation from the dorsal endoderm begins at NF stage 24. It progresses from anterior to posterior and is complete by NF stage 28. At NF stage 32 it is present as a dorso-laterally flattened ribbon of yolk-laden cells. It degenerates by apoptosis and by NF stage 43 is no longer detectable as a distinct structure in the trunk region of the tadpole. The most posterior hypochord persists and begins to ossify, fusing with the coccyx to form the urostyle in the pelvic girdle around NF stage 63.
UBERON:0003058
ipochord
xenopus_anatomy
subnotochordal rod
XAO:0000056
hypochord
Transient structure that lies immediately ventral to the notochord in the embryo, likely required for the formation of the dorsal aorta. A slight depression marks the future hypochord at NF stage 20 and its segregation from the dorsal endoderm begins at NF stage 24. It progresses from anterior to posterior and is complete by NF stage 28. At NF stage 32 it is present as a dorso-laterally flattened ribbon of yolk-laden cells. It degenerates by apoptosis and by NF stage 43 is no longer detectable as a distinct structure in the trunk region of the tadpole. The most posterior hypochord persists and begins to ossify, fusing with the coccyx to form the urostyle in the pelvic girdle around NF stage 63.
ISBN:0815318960
PMID:10648245
subnotochordal rod
PMID:10648245
Unsegmented field of paraxial mesoderm present posterior to the most recently formed somite pair, from which somites will form.
UBERON:0003059
xenopus_anatomy
somitogenic mesoderm
XAO:0000057
presomitic mesoderm
Unsegmented field of paraxial mesoderm present posterior to the most recently formed somite pair, from which somites will form.
UBERON:0003059
Any of the approximately 45 bilaterally paired blocks of mesoderm cells, lying on either side of the notochord and neural tube, and forming sequentially starting at the head during development of the embryo. Together they give rise to the axial skeleton (from the sclerotome), associated musculature (from the myotome), and dermis (from the dermatome).
UBERON:0002329
xenopus_anatomy
somites
somitic mesoderm
XAO:0000058
somite
Any of the approximately 45 bilaterally paired blocks of mesoderm cells, lying on either side of the notochord and neural tube, and forming sequentially starting at the head during development of the embryo. Together they give rise to the axial skeleton (from the sclerotome), associated musculature (from the myotome), and dermis (from the dermatome).
Xenbase:Staff
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
somites
XAO:0002000
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000059
obsolete pronephros
true
XAO:0000318
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000061
obsolete pronephric capsule
true
Any of the ciliated tubules that collect the glomeral filtrate, passing it through to the pronephric tubules.
UBERON:0005308
nephrostome
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000062
pronephric nephrostome
Any of the ciliated tubules that collect the glomeral filtrate, passing it through to the pronephric tubules.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-4588
Duct that drains urine from the pronephros and connects it to the cloaca. It is thought that the pronephric duct may play a key role in the induction of the mesonephric (adult) kidney. The most anterior part of the pronephric duct shows distinct gene expression patterns and is sometimes referred to as DT2.
UBERON:0003060
DT2
Wolffian duct
distal tubule segment 2
nephric duct
xenopus_anatomy
common tubule
connecting tubule
XAO:0000063
pronephric duct
Duct that drains urine from the pronephros and connects it to the cloaca. It is thought that the pronephric duct may play a key role in the induction of the mesonephric (adult) kidney. The most anterior part of the pronephric duct shows distinct gene expression patterns and is sometimes referred to as DT2.
PMID:8365571
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-4588
A myogenic muscular organ found in the cardiovascular system. It is responsible for pumping blood throughout the blood vessels by repeated, rhythmic contractions. It is composed of cardiac muscle, which is an involuntary striated muscle tissue found only in this organ, and connective tissue. It is ultimately composed of three chambers (two atria and one ventricle), occupying a ventral position within the chest of the mature tadpole/frog.
UBERON:0000948
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000064
heart
A myogenic muscular organ found in the cardiovascular system. It is responsible for pumping blood throughout the blood vessels by repeated, rhythmic contractions. It is composed of cardiac muscle, which is an involuntary striated muscle tissue found only in this organ, and connective tissue. It is ultimately composed of three chambers (two atria and one ventricle), occupying a ventral position within the chest of the mature tadpole/frog.
PMID:17194606
UBERON:0000948
Cardiac muscle constituting the middle layer of the heart.
UBERON:0002349
xenopus_anatomy
cardiac muscle
XAO:0000065
myocardium
Cardiac muscle constituting the middle layer of the heart.
AAO:0010410
Part of the heart composed of thin serous membrane and endothelial tissue, that lines the interior of the heart.
UBERON:0002165
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000066
endocardium
Part of the heart composed of thin serous membrane and endothelial tissue, that lines the interior of the heart.
AAO:0010408
Region located on the ventral surface of the developing embryo that is a site of hematopoiesis and that is analogous to the yolk sac blood islands of higher vertebrates.
blood island
ventral lateral plate mesoderm
UBERON:0003061
VBI
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000067
ventral blood island
Region located on the ventral surface of the developing embryo that is a site of hematopoiesis and that is analogous to the yolk sac blood islands of higher vertebrates.
PMID:9618755
Region of intermediate pigmentation between the pigmented animal hemisphere and the unpigmented vegetal hemisphere of the egg.
UBERON:0004879
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000068
marginal zone
Region of intermediate pigmentation between the pigmented animal hemisphere and the unpigmented vegetal hemisphere of the egg.
http://worms.zoology.wisc.edu/frogs/glossary.html
Embryonic tissue region that will make the ventral mesoderm.
VMZ
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000069
ventral marginal zone
Embryonic tissue region that will make the ventral mesoderm.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Region of the marginal zone extending from the ventral to lateral surface.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000070
ventro-lateral marginal zone
Region of the marginal zone extending from the ventral to lateral surface.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Region of the marginal zone extending from the dorsal to lateral surface.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000071
dorso-lateral marginal zone
Region of the marginal zone extending from the dorsal to lateral surface.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Marginal zone that is a key embryonic tissue region of the early gastrula stage embryo and that houses the Spemann-Mangold organizer.
UBERON:0003062
DMZ
xenopus_anatomy
Spemann organizer
organizer
XAO:0000072
dorsal marginal zone
Marginal zone that is a key embryonic tissue region of the early gastrula stage embryo and that houses the Spemann-Mangold organizer.
PMID:17368611
DMZ
PMID:17368611
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000073
obsolete deep (mesenchymal) layer
true
Portion of the marginal zone of the embryo that turns inside the embryo during involution.
IMZ
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000074
involuting marginal zone
Portion of the marginal zone of the embryo that turns inside the embryo during involution.
http://worms.zoology.wisc.edu/frogs/glossary.html
Deep layers of the IMZ consisting of prospective migrating mesodermal cells (which will migrate into the interior and form the leading edge of the mesodermal mantle) and prospective converging and extending mesoderm.
xenopus_anatomy
deep involuting marginal zone
XAO:0000075
involuting marginal zone mesenchymal layer
Deep layers of the IMZ consisting of prospective migrating mesodermal cells (which will migrate into the interior and form the leading edge of the mesodermal mantle) and prospective converging and extending mesoderm.
ISBN:0123646200
Layer of prospective mesoderm in the IMZ that will form the roof of the archenteron.
xenopus_anatomy
SM
involuting superfical mesdoderm
superficial involuting marginal zone
superficial mesoderm
XAO:0000076
involuting marginal zone epithelial layer
Layer of prospective mesoderm in the IMZ that will form the roof of the archenteron.
Xenbase:Staff
Early embryonic cell with a bottle or flask shape that is first to migrate inwards at the blastopore during gastrulation.
CL:0007020
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000077
bottle cell
Early embryonic cell with a bottle or flask shape that is first to migrate inwards at the blastopore during gastrulation.
CL:0007020
The edge of the blastopore. Local invagination is caused by narrowing of bottle cells at the exterior edge of the blastula.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000078
blastopore lip
The edge of the blastopore. Local invagination is caused by narrowing of bottle cells at the exterior edge of the blastula.
ISBN:0387537406
Mesodermal structure that lies anterior to the notochord and gives rise to head mesoderm.
UBERON:0003063
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000079
prechordal plate
Mesodermal structure that lies anterior to the notochord and gives rise to head mesoderm.
VHOG:0000086
The region from which the forelimb develops, first recognizable at NF stage 48, and distinct by NF stage 49.
fore limb region
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000080
forelimb region
The region from which the forelimb develops, first recognizable at NF stage 48, and distinct by NF stage 49.
Xenbase:Staff
The region from which the hindlimb develops, first recognizable as a slight concentration of mesenchymal cells dorsal and lateral to the anal tube at NF stage 43. The epidermal layers thicken dramatically through to NF stage 48, and become vascularised by NF stage 49.
hind limb region
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000081
hindlimb region
The region from which the hindlimb develops, first recognizable as a slight concentration of mesenchymal cells dorsal and lateral to the anal tube at NF stage 43. The epidermal layers thicken dramatically through to NF stage 48, and become vascularised by NF stage 49.
Xenbase:Staff
Embryonic structure that develops around the closed blastopore.
xenopus_anatomy
circumblastoporal region
XAO:0000082
circumblastoporal collar
Embryonic structure that develops around the closed blastopore.
PMID:22138030
Dorsal mesoderm that has grown and curled inward during gastrulation.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000083
involuted dorsal mesoderm
Dorsal mesoderm that has grown and curled inward during gastrulation.
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/involution
Ventral mesoderm that has grown and curled inward during gastrulation.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000084
involuted ventral mesoderm
Ventral mesoderm that has grown and curled inward during gastrulation.
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/involution
Mesoderm layer between somite and lateral plate. All components of the pronephric kidney arise from this.
UBERON:0003064
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000085
intermediate mesoderm
Mesoderm layer between somite and lateral plate. All components of the pronephric kidney arise from this.
AAO:0010575
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-4588
The region at the periphery of the retina where retinal stem cells are located. It is spatially ordered with respect to cellular development and differentiation, with the youngest and least-determined stem cells closest to the periphery, the proliferative retinoblasts in the middle, and postmitotic cells at the central edge.
UBERON:0003065
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000086
ciliary marginal zone
The region at the periphery of the retina where retinal stem cells are located. It is spatially ordered with respect to cellular development and differentiation, with the youngest and least-determined stem cells closest to the periphery, the proliferative retinoblasts in the middle, and postmitotic cells at the central edge.
PMID:15844194
The anatomical region of the body posterior to the tail.
UBERON:0006071
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000087
tail region
The anatomical region of the body posterior to the tail.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Dorsal part of the blastopore lip, which forms as a result of the contraction of bottle cells.
Spemann organizer
organizer
xenopus_anatomy
dorsal blastopore lip
XAO:0000088
upper blastopore lip
Dorsal part of the blastopore lip, which forms as a result of the contraction of bottle cells.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Ventral part of the blastopore lip, which forms as a result of the contraction of bottle cells.
xenopus_anatomy
ventral blastopore groove
ventral blastopore lip
XAO:0000089
lower blastopore lip
Ventral part of the blastopore lip, which forms as a result of the contraction of bottle cells.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Primary germ layer that lies remote from the surface of the embryo and gives rise to internal tissues such as gut.
UBERON:0000925
xenopus_anatomy
entoderm
XAO:0000090
endoderm
Primary germ layer that lies remote from the surface of the embryo and gives rise to internal tissues such as gut.
UBERON:0000925
The endoderm of the head.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000091
head endoderm
The endoderm of the head.
Xenbase:Staff
The cavity of the gastrula forming a primitive gut. At NF stage 20-21 its wide canal becomes dorso-ventrally compressed and narrowed in the future trunk region so that a subdivision into a foregut, a midgut and a hindgut with protruding endodermal mass becomes manifest.
UBERON:0004735
xenopus_anatomy
gastrocoel
XAO:0000092
archenteron
The cavity of the gastrula forming a primitive gut. At NF stage 20-21 its wide canal becomes dorso-ventrally compressed and narrowed in the future trunk region so that a subdivision into a foregut, a midgut and a hindgut with protruding endodermal mass becomes manifest.
ISBN:0815318960
http://www.merriam-webster.com/medlineplus/archenteron
The layer of cells forming the ventral surface of the archenteron space of the embryo.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000093
archenteron floor
The layer of cells forming the ventral surface of the archenteron space of the embryo.
PMID:17540356
A transient ciliated epithelium that arises from the involuting superficial mesoderm, forming the dorsal surface of the archenteron space of the embryo.
GRP
archenteron roof
archenteron roof plate
gastrocoel roof
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000094
gastrocoel roof plate
A transient ciliated epithelium that arises from the involuting superficial mesoderm, forming the dorsal surface of the archenteron space of the embryo.
PMID:17540356
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Sensory system that has as it parts the sense organs that detect vibrations carried through water, develops during late tailbud stage, and persists in the adult bearing elaborate dorsal and ventral components. It develops from a specialized series of dorsolateral ectodermal placodes named lateral line placodes.
UBERON:0002540
xenopus_anatomy
lateral line stitches
lateral-line organs
XAO:0000095
lateral line system
Sensory system that has as it parts the sense organs that detect vibrations carried through water, develops during late tailbud stage, and persists in the adult bearing elaborate dorsal and ventral components. It develops from a specialized series of dorsolateral ectodermal placodes named lateral line placodes.
AAO:0000975
ISBN:0471209627
ISBN:0815318960
One of a series of bony or cartilaginous arches that develop in the walls of the mouth cavity and pharynx of the embryo.
UBERON:0002539
xenopus_anatomy
pharyngeal arches
visceral arch
XAO:0000096
pharyngeal arch
One of a series of bony or cartilaginous arches that develop in the walls of the mouth cavity and pharynx of the embryo.
http://www.merriam-webster.com/medlineplus/branchial+arch
pharyngeal arches
The first of the series of bony or cartilaginous arches that develop in the walls of the mouth cavity and pharynx of the embryo.
UBERON:0004362
xenopus_anatomy
first visceral arch
XAO:0000097
mandibular arch
The first of the series of bony or cartilaginous arches that develop in the walls of the mouth cavity and pharynx of the embryo.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The second of the series of bony or cartilaginous arches that develop in the walls of the mouth cavity and pharynx of the embryo.
UBERON:0003066
xenopus_anatomy
second visceral arch
XAO:0000098
hyoid arch
The second of the series of bony or cartilaginous arches that develop in the walls of the mouth cavity and pharynx of the embryo.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Structures that develop from the pharyngeal arches. Pharyngeal arches are anlage for a multitude of structures. Each pharyngeal arch has a cartilaginous stick, a muscle component which differentiates from the cartilaginous tissue, an artery, and a cranial nerve. Each of these is surrounded by mesenchyme. Arches do not develop simultaneously, but instead possess a staggered development.
UBERON:0008896
xenopus_anatomy
branchial arches
XAO:0000099
branchial arch
Structures that develop from the pharyngeal arches. Pharyngeal arches are anlage for a multitude of structures. Each pharyngeal arch has a cartilaginous stick, a muscle component which differentiates from the cartilaginous tissue, an artery, and a cranial nerve. Each of these is surrounded by mesenchyme. Arches do not develop simultaneously, but instead possess a staggered development.
ISBN:0023771100
branchial arches
Anatomical system that has as its parts the heart and blood vessels.
UBERON:0004535
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000100
cardiovascular system
Anatomical system that has as its parts the heart and blood vessels.
BTO:0000088
An out-pocket of thickened ventral foregut epithelium adjacent to the developing heart. Its anterior portion gives rise to the liver and intrahepatic biliary tree, while the posterior portion forms the gall bladder, hepato-pancreatic duct, hepato-pancreatic progenitor cells and the bile duct.
UBERON:0008835
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000101
liver diverticulum
An out-pocket of thickened ventral foregut epithelium adjacent to the developing heart. Its anterior portion gives rise to the liver and intrahepatic biliary tree, while the posterior portion forms the gall bladder, hepato-pancreatic duct, hepato-pancreatic progenitor cells and the bile duct.
UBERON:0008835
First of the pharyngeal (endodermal) evaginations between the visceral arches from which the Eustachian tube is derived; pouches 2-4 open as gill slits.
UBERON:0007122
first visceral pouch
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000102
visceral pouch 1
First of the pharyngeal (endodermal) evaginations between the visceral arches from which the Eustachian tube is derived; pouches 2-4 open as gill slits.
ISBN:0226557634
Middle subdivision of the digestive tract. The midgut is the portion of the embryo from which most of the intestines develop. After it bends around the superior mesenteric artery, it is often referred to as the "midgut loop". It comprises the portion of the alimentary canal from the end of the foregut at the opening of the bile duct to the hindgut, about two-thirds of the way through the transverse colon.
UBERON:0001045
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000103
midgut
Middle subdivision of the digestive tract. The midgut is the portion of the embryo from which most of the intestines develop. After it bends around the superior mesenteric artery, it is often referred to as the "midgut loop". It comprises the portion of the alimentary canal from the end of the foregut at the opening of the bile duct to the hindgut, about two-thirds of the way through the transverse colon.
UBERON:0001045
Xenbase:Staff
Posterior subdivision of the digestive tract. The posterior part of the alimentary canal, including the large intestine and cloaca.
UBERON:0001046
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000104
hindgut
Posterior subdivision of the digestive tract. The posterior part of the alimentary canal, including the large intestine and cloaca.
UBERON:0001046
Xenbase:Staff
The space enclosed by the walls of the pharynx.
UBERON:0001731
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000105
pharyngeal cavity
The space enclosed by the walls of the pharynx.
BTO:0002097
Tissue that is a temporary extension of the embryonic gut caudal to the cloaca.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000106
post-anal gut
Tissue that is a temporary extension of the embryonic gut caudal to the cloaca.
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/gut
Rapidly proliferating mass of cells at the caudal extremity of the embryo. Its formation is reflected in a caudal carving of the posterior portion of the archenteric canal at NF stage 22. With its further outgrowth, the postanal gut primordium becomes stretched. Its lumen is in broad communication with the hindgut at NF stage 25.
UBERON:0002533
tailbud
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000107
tail bud
Rapidly proliferating mass of cells at the caudal extremity of the embryo. Its formation is reflected in a caudal carving of the posterior portion of the archenteric canal at NF stage 22. With its further outgrowth, the postanal gut primordium becomes stretched. Its lumen is in broad communication with the hindgut at NF stage 25.
ISBN:0815318960
UBERON:0002533
The anterior limit of the neurenteric canal, which connects the post-anal gut with the central canal of the spinal chord. It is formed from a population of cells derived from the dorsal lip of the late gastrula, and has been shown to be important in tail development.
UBERON:0007097
CNH
chordo neural hinge
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000108
chordoneural hinge
The anterior limit of the neurenteric canal, which connects the post-anal gut with the central canal of the spinal chord. It is formed from a population of cells derived from the dorsal lip of the late gastrula, and has been shown to be important in tail development.
ISBN:0762302852
PMID:11404094
PMID:7916680
Structure formed by the ventral movement of the proctodeum anlage, which results in the shifting of the circumblastoral collar lateral walls to the posterior end of the embryo.
posterior wall of NEC
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000109
posterior wall of neurenteric canal
Structure formed by the ventral movement of the proctodeum anlage, which results in the shifting of the circumblastoral collar lateral walls to the posterior end of the embryo.
PMID:7916680
Portion of tissue that consists of the precursors of the pronephric glomus or glomerulus; derived from the medial portion of the pronephric intermediate mesoderm.
UBERON:0007128
xenopus_anatomy
corpuscle
glomerulus
XAO:0000110
glomeral mesenchyme
Portion of tissue that consists of the precursors of the pronephric glomus or glomerulus; derived from the medial portion of the pronephric intermediate mesoderm.
ISBN:0815318960
A cell that is within the developmental lineage of gametes and is able to pass along its genetic material to offspring.
CL:0000586
germ cells
xenopus_anatomy
germ line cell
germ line cells
XAO:0000111
germ cell
A cell that is within the developmental lineage of gametes and is able to pass along its genetic material to offspring.
Xenbase:Staff
germ cells
germ line cells
Anatomical entity that comprises the animal in the early stages of growth and differentiation that are characterized by cleavage, the laying down of fundamental tissues, and the formation of primitive organs and organ systems.
UBERON:0000922
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000113
embryo
Anatomical entity that comprises the animal in the early stages of growth and differentiation that are characterized by cleavage, the laying down of fundamental tissues, and the formation of primitive organs and organ systems.
BTO:0000379
Any of the tubular branching vessels that carry blood from the heart through the body.
UBERON:0001637
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000114
artery
Any of the tubular branching vessels that carry blood from the heart through the body.
http://www.merriam-webster.com/medlineplus/artery
Any of the tubular branching vessels that carry blood from the capillaries toward the heart.
UBERON:0001638
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000115
vein
Any of the tubular branching vessels that carry blood from the capillaries toward the heart.
http://www.merriam-webster.com/medlineplus/vein
Any of the smallest blood vessels connecting arterioles with venules.
UBERON:0001982
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000116
capillary
Any of the smallest blood vessels connecting arterioles with venules.
http://www.merriam-webster.com/medlineplus/capillary
Functional system which consists of structures involved in respiration (breathing).
UBERON:0001004
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000117
respiratory system
Functional system which consists of structures involved in respiration (breathing).
UBERON:0001004
An elongated tube that carries air to and from the lungs.
UBERON:0003126
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000118
trachea
An elongated tube that carries air to and from the lungs.
AAO:0010140
Either of two organs that allow gas exchange absorbing oxygen from inhaled air and releasing carbon dioxide with exhaled air.
UBERON:0002048
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000119
lung
Either of two organs that allow gas exchange absorbing oxygen from inhaled air and releasing carbon dioxide with exhaled air.
AAO:0010567
The primary respiration organ in some species of tadpoles, whose function is the extraction of oxygen from water and the excretion of carbon dioxide. The microscopic structure of a gill is such that it presents a very large surface area to the external environment. Gills usually consist of thin filaments of tissue, branches, or slender tufted processes which have a highly folded surface to increase surface area. A high surface area is crucial for effective gas exchange.
gill
UBERON:0008891
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000120
external gill
The primary respiration organ in some species of tadpoles, whose function is the extraction of oxygen from water and the excretion of carbon dioxide. The microscopic structure of a gill is such that it presents a very large surface area to the external environment. Gills usually consist of thin filaments of tissue, branches, or slender tufted processes which have a highly folded surface to increase surface area. A high surface area is crucial for effective gas exchange.
Xenbase:Staff
A passage of airway in the respiratory tract that conducts air into the lungs.
UBERON:0002185
bronchial tube
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000121
bronchus
A passage of airway in the respiratory tract that conducts air into the lungs.
Xenbase:Staff
Anatomical system that consists of the blood and blood forming tissues.
UBERON:0002390
haematological system
haematopoietic system
xenopus_anatomy
hematopoietic system
XAO:0000122
hematological system
Anatomical system that consists of the blood and blood forming tissues.
DOI:10.1016/B978-0-12-809880-6.00013-8
Flexible tissue that is found in the hollow interior of bones and appears to comprise precursor cells committed to myeloid lineages, such as macrophage- and granulocyte-progenitor cells. In adults, marrow in large bones produces new blood cells.
UBERON:0002371
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000123
bone marrow
Flexible tissue that is found in the hollow interior of bones and appears to comprise precursor cells committed to myeloid lineages, such as macrophage- and granulocyte-progenitor cells. In adults, marrow in large bones produces new blood cells.
UBERON:0002371
PMID:30151774
The fluid that circulates in the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins carrying nourishment and oxygen to and bringing away waste products from all parts of the animal.
UBERON:0000178
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000124
blood
The fluid that circulates in the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins carrying nourishment and oxygen to and bringing away waste products from all parts of the animal.
http://www.merriam-webster.com/medlineplus/blood
Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs devoted to the ingestion, digestion, and assimilation of food and the discharge of residual wastes.
UBERON:0001007
xenopus_anatomy
digestive system
gut
XAO:0000125
alimentary system
Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs devoted to the ingestion, digestion, and assimilation of food and the discharge of residual wastes.
http://www.merriam-webster.com/medlineplus/alimentary+system
The cavity of the mouth, bounded by the jaw bones and associated structures.
UBERON:0000167
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000126
oral cavity
The cavity of the mouth, bounded by the jaw bones and associated structures.
VHOG:0000188
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach. At NF stage 57 it is a straight tube, round in cross section, and starting from the pharynx runs backward along the dorsal side of the abdominal cavity. Its lining consists of a columnar glandular epithelium with mucus secreting cells. It is thrown into longitudinal folds.
UBERON:0001043
oesophagus
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000127
esophagus
Tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach. At NF stage 57 it is a straight tube, round in cross section, and starting from the pharynx runs backward along the dorsal side of the abdominal cavity. Its lining consists of a columnar glandular epithelium with mucus secreting cells. It is thrown into longitudinal folds.
ISBN:0815318960
UBERON:0001043
An expanded region of the alimentary tract that is situated between the esophagus and the beginning of the duodenum and produces gastric juices involved in the breakdown of food.
UBERON:0000945
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000128
stomach
An expanded region of the alimentary tract that is situated between the esophagus and the beginning of the duodenum and produces gastric juices involved in the breakdown of food.
Wikipedia:Stomach
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Portion of the alimentary canal bounded anteriorly by the pyloric sphincter and posteriorly by the cloacal sphincter.
UBERON:0000160
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000129
intestine
Portion of the alimentary canal bounded anteriorly by the pyloric sphincter and posteriorly by the cloacal sphincter.
AAO:0000246
A part of the alimentary system and principal organ of digestion, comprising the duodenum and ileum and characterized by longitudinal folds. In the tadpole it is a long simple tube with a single layer of cuboidal epithelial cells.
UBERON:0002108
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000130
small intestine
A part of the alimentary system and principal organ of digestion, comprising the duodenum and ileum and characterized by longitudinal folds. In the tadpole it is a long simple tube with a single layer of cuboidal epithelial cells.
PMID:15738398
A short, wide tube that is part of the alimentary system and comprises the colon and rectum and empties into the cloaca. It lacks longitudinal folds characteristic of the small intestine. It absorbs water and salts from the gut lumen.
UBERON:0000059
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000131
large intestine
A short, wide tube that is part of the alimentary system and comprises the colon and rectum and empties into the cloaca. It lacks longitudinal folds characteristic of the small intestine. It absorbs water and salts from the gut lumen.
PMID:21471667
Anatomical system comprising the liver, gall bladder, and associated ducts.
UBERON:0002423
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000132
liver and biliary system
Anatomical system comprising the liver, gall bladder, and associated ducts.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Organ that secretes bile and participates in formation of certain blood proteins. The liver is the largest internal organ, primarily consisting of hepatocytes, and has a wider variety of functions than any other organs in the body. The hepatocyte is a polarized epithelial cell that exhibits both endocrine and exocrine properties. The biliary epithelial cells (cholangiocytes), sinusoidal endothelial cells, hepatic stellate cells (Ito cells), Kupffer cells, and pit cells (liver-specific natural killer cells) represent the majority of non-hepatocyte cell types in the liver. During embryogenesis, the liver is generated in the ventral foregut endoderm.
UBERON:0002107
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000133
liver
Organ that secretes bile and participates in formation of certain blood proteins. The liver is the largest internal organ, primarily consisting of hepatocytes, and has a wider variety of functions than any other organs in the body. The hepatocyte is a polarized epithelial cell that exhibits both endocrine and exocrine properties. The biliary epithelial cells (cholangiocytes), sinusoidal endothelial cells, hepatic stellate cells (Ito cells), Kupffer cells, and pit cells (liver-specific natural killer cells) represent the majority of non-hepatocyte cell types in the liver. During embryogenesis, the liver is generated in the ventral foregut endoderm.
AAO:0010111
PMID:17474120
Duct that carries bile from the liver to the small intestine.
UBERON:0002394
xenopus_anatomy
hepatic duct
XAO:0000134
bile duct
Duct that carries bile from the liver to the small intestine.
ZFA:0001100
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
A small organ of the alimentary system that aids mainly in fat digestion, and concentrates bile that is produced by the liver.
UBERON:0002110
gallbladder
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000135
gall bladder
A small organ of the alimentary system that aids mainly in fat digestion, and concentrates bile that is produced by the liver.
ZFA:0000208
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Internal gland organ with distinct tissues with different endocrine and exocrine functions. Its rudiment has three parts, one dorsal and two ventral primordia. The ventral can be first detected at NF stage 37/38. The dorsal is clearly segregated from the duodenal wall by NF stage 39. At NF stage 40 the right and left primordia have fused just above the gastro-duodenal vein. At NF stage 42 blood vessels penetrate into the crevices between the pancreatic acini making them more conspicuous.
UBERON:0001264
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000136
pancreas
Internal gland organ with distinct tissues with different endocrine and exocrine functions. Its rudiment has three parts, one dorsal and two ventral primordia. The ventral can be first detected at NF stage 37/38. The dorsal is clearly segregated from the duodenal wall by NF stage 39. At NF stage 40 the right and left primordia have fused just above the gastro-duodenal vein. At NF stage 42 blood vessels penetrate into the crevices between the pancreatic acini making them more conspicuous.
ISBN:0815318960
ISBN:0881679860
Pancreatic tissue composed of acinar epithelial cells and ductal epithelium that manufacture the proteolytic enzymes and bicarbonate required for digestion.
UBERON:0000017
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000137
exocrine pancreas
Pancreatic tissue composed of acinar epithelial cells and ductal epithelium that manufacture the proteolytic enzymes and bicarbonate required for digestion.
ZFA:0001249
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
A double layer of tissue composed of peritoneum that attaches the visceral organs to the body wall.
UBERON:0007826
xenopus_anatomy
mesenterium
XAO:0000138
mesentery
A double layer of tissue composed of peritoneum that attaches the visceral organs to the body wall.
ZFA:0005129
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Serous membrane that forms the lining of the abdominal cavity or the coelom. It covers most of the intra-abdominal organs, supports the abdominal organs, and serves as a conduit for their blood and lymph vessels and nerves. It is composed of a layer of mesothelium.
UBERON:0002358
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000139
peritoneum
Serous membrane that forms the lining of the abdominal cavity or the coelom. It covers most of the intra-abdominal organs, supports the abdominal organs, and serves as a conduit for their blood and lymph vessels and nerves. It is composed of a layer of mesothelium.
AAO:0010814
Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with the production and excretion of urine and those concerned with reproduction.
UBERON:0004122
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000140
urogenital system
Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with the production and excretion of urine and those concerned with reproduction.
http://www.merriam-webster.com/medlineplus/genitourinary+tract
A visceral organ which provides osmoregulation and waste excretion for tadpoles through adult stages in Xenopus. The mesonephros starts to develop at NF stage 39, then during feeding stage tadpoles through metamorphosis replaces the embryonic pronephros as it degenerates.
UBERON:0000080
xenopus_anatomy
Wolffian body
adult kidney
mesonephros
opisthonephros
urniere
XAO:0000141
mesonephric kidney
A visceral organ which provides osmoregulation and waste excretion for tadpoles through adult stages in Xenopus. The mesonephros starts to develop at NF stage 39, then during feeding stage tadpoles through metamorphosis replaces the embryonic pronephros as it degenerates.
Xenbase:Staff
Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with reproduction.
UBERON:0000990
xenopus_anatomy
reproductive system
XAO:0000142
genital system
Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with reproduction.
http://www.merriam-webster.com/medlineplus/genitourinary+tract
Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with the production and excretion of urine.
UBERON:0001008
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000143
urinary system
Anatomical system that has as its parts the organs concerned with the production and excretion of urine.
http://www.merriam-webster.com/medlineplus/genitourinary+tract
Anatomical structure consisting of a long narrow duct that carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder.
UBERON:0000056
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000144
ureter
Anatomical structure consisting of a long narrow duct that carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder.
AAO:0010254
A tuft of capillaries found in a Bowman's capsule in which waste products are filtered from the blood and urine formation is initiated.
UBERON:0005325
xenopus_anatomy
renal corpuscle
XAO:0000146
glomerulus
A tuft of capillaries found in a Bowman's capsule in which waste products are filtered from the blood and urine formation is initiated.
AAO:0010388
Xenbase:Staff
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000147
obsolete glomerus
true
Any of the excretory units of the mesonephros, which connect to the mesonephric collecting duct.
UBERON:0000083
xenopus_anatomy
renal tubule
XAO:0000148
mesonephric tubule
Any of the excretory units of the mesonephros, which connect to the mesonephric collecting duct.
http://www.bionalogy.com/urinary_system.htm
XAO:0000331
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000149
obsolete renal proximal convoluted tubule
true
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000150
obsolete loop of Henle
true
Duct that connects to the mesonephric nephrons and collects filtrate.
UBERON:0005319
xenopus_anatomy
collecting duct
XAO:0000151
mesonephric collecting duct
Duct that connects to the mesonephric nephrons and collects filtrate.
Wikipedia:Collecting_duct_system
XAO:0000334
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000152
obsolete renal distal convoluted tubule
true
Anatomical structure consisting of a tube carries urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.
UBERON:0000057
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000153
urethra
Anatomical structure consisting of a tube carries urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The organ that collects urine excreted by the kidneys before disposal by urination.
UBERON:0001255
urinary bladder
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000154
bladder
The organ that collects urine excreted by the kidneys before disposal by urination.
Xenbase:Staff
Anatomical system comprising the organs of the male reproductive system.
UBERON:0000079
xenopus_anatomy
male genitals
XAO:0000155
male genitalia
Anatomical system comprising the organs of the male reproductive system.
http://www.merriam-webster.com/medlineplus/genitalia
male genitals
Anatomical system comprising the organs of the female reproductive system.
UBERON:0000474
xenopus_anatomy
female genitals
XAO:0000156
female genitalia
Anatomical system comprising the organs of the female reproductive system.
http://www.merriam-webster.com/medlineplus/genitalia
female genitals
Reproductive organ that produces and releases sperm.
UBERON:0000473
xenopus_anatomy
testes
XAO:0000157
testis
Reproductive organ that produces and releases sperm.
Xenbase:Staff
testes
Anatomical system that consists of the glands and parts of glands that produce endocrine secretions and help to integrate and control bodily metabolic activity.
UBERON:0000949
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000158
endocrine system
Anatomical system that consists of the glands and parts of glands that produce endocrine secretions and help to integrate and control bodily metabolic activity.
http://www.merriam-webster.com/medlineplus/endocrine+system
Structure that is made up of islet cells that produce insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin.
UBERON:0000006
xenopus_anatomy
endocrine pancreas
XAO:0000159
islets of Langerhans
Structure that is made up of islet cells that produce insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin.
UBERON:0000016
An unpaired glandular organ subdivision attached on the midline near the posterior and habenular commissures of the epithalamus.
UBERON:0001905
xenopus_anatomy
epiphysis
pineal organ
XAO:0000160
pineal gland
An unpaired glandular organ subdivision attached on the midline near the posterior and habenular commissures of the epithalamus.
UBERON:0001905
A two-lobed endocrine gland, located next to the trachea, and producing various hormones, such as triiodothyronine and calcitonin.
UBERON:0002046
thyroid gland
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000162
thyroid
A two-lobed endocrine gland, located next to the trachea, and producing various hormones, such as triiodothyronine and calcitonin.
UBERON:0002046
Anatomical structure of largely lymphoid tissue that arises from the third pharyngeal pouch, and that functions in cell-mediated immunity by being the site where T cells develop.
UBERON:0002370
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000163
thymus
Anatomical structure of largely lymphoid tissue that arises from the third pharyngeal pouch, and that functions in cell-mediated immunity by being the site where T cells develop.
http://www.merriam-webster.com/medlineplus/thymus
PMID:37305914
Either of a pair of complex endocrine organs near the anterior medial border of the kidney consisting of a mesodermal cortex that produces glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, and androgenic hormones and an ectodermal medulla that produces epinephrine and norepinephrine.
UBERON:0002369
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000164
adrenal gland
Either of a pair of complex endocrine organs near the anterior medial border of the kidney consisting of a mesodermal cortex that produces glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid, and androgenic hormones and an ectodermal medulla that produces epinephrine and norepinephrine.
UBERON:0002369
Situated along the perimeter of the adrenal gland, the adrenal cortex mediates the stress response through the production of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids, including aldosterone and cortisol respectively. It is also a secondary site of androgen synthesis. The perimeter region of the adrenal gland, the site of steroid synthesis.
UBERON:0001235
xenopus_anatomy
interrenal tissue
XAO:0000165
adrenal cortex
Situated along the perimeter of the adrenal gland, the adrenal cortex mediates the stress response through the production of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids, including aldosterone and cortisol respectively. It is also a secondary site of androgen synthesis. The perimeter region of the adrenal gland, the site of steroid synthesis.
PMID:14061885
UBERON:0001235
Part of the adrenal gland, located at the center of the gland and surrounded by the adrenal cortex. It is the innermost part of the adrenal gland, consisting of cells that secrete epinephrine, norepinephrine, and a small amount of dopamine in response to stimulation by sympathetic preganglionic neurons. Composed mainly of hormone-producing chromaffin cells, it is the principal site of the conversion of the amino acid tyrosine into the catecholamines adrenaline (epinephrine), noradrenaline (norepinephrine), and dopamine.
UBERON:0001236
xenopus_anatomy
chromaffin cells
XAO:0000166
adrenal medulla
Part of the adrenal gland, located at the center of the gland and surrounded by the adrenal cortex. It is the innermost part of the adrenal gland, consisting of cells that secrete epinephrine, norepinephrine, and a small amount of dopamine in response to stimulation by sympathetic preganglionic neurons. Composed mainly of hormone-producing chromaffin cells, it is the principal site of the conversion of the amino acid tyrosine into the catecholamines adrenaline (epinephrine), noradrenaline (norepinephrine), and dopamine.
UBERON:0001236
An organ specialized for secretion of parathyroid hormone. It controls the amount of calcium in the blood and within the bones.
XAO:0000450
UBERON:0001132
parathyroid gland
xenopus_anatomy
epithelial body
XAO:0000167
parathyroid
An organ specialized for secretion of parathyroid hormone. It controls the amount of calcium in the blood and within the bones.
UBERON:0001132
Anatomical system that provides locomotion and physical support to the organism.
UBERON:0002204
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000168
musculoskeletal system
Anatomical system that provides locomotion and physical support to the organism.
Xenbase:Staff
The hard form of connective tissue that constitutes the majority of the skeleton.
UBERON:0002481
xenopus_anatomy
bone
XAO:0000169
bone tissue
The hard form of connective tissue that constitutes the majority of the skeleton.
BTO:0000140
A type of dense connective tissue that is composed of specialized cells, chondrocytes, that produce a large amount of extracellular matrix.
UBERON:0002418
xenopus_anatomy
cartilage
XAO:0000170
cartilage tissue
A type of dense connective tissue that is composed of specialized cells, chondrocytes, that produce a large amount of extracellular matrix.
Wikipedia:Cartilage
Anatomical cluster that consists of two or more adjacent bones or cartilages, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue.
UBERON:0000982
articulation
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000171
joint
Anatomical cluster that consists of two or more adjacent bones or cartilages, which may be interconnected by various types of tissue.
ZFA:0001596
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
A body tissue consisting of long cells that contract when stimulated and produce motion.
UBERON:0001630
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000172
muscle
A body tissue consisting of long cells that contract when stimulated and produce motion.
BTO:0000887
A fibrous, strong, connective tissue that connects muscle to bone.
XAO:0000400
UBERON:0000043
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000173
tendon
A fibrous, strong, connective tissue that connects muscle to bone.
Wikipedia:Tendon
A type of muscle used to create movement, by applying force to bones and joints. Usually attached to bones by tendons.
UBERON:0001134
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000174
skeletal muscle
A type of muscle used to create movement, by applying force to bones and joints. Usually attached to bones by tendons.
Wikipedia:Skeletal_muscle
Involuntary muscle tissue consisting of uninucleate spindle-shaped fibers. Found within the walls of blood vessels, the alimentary tract, bladder, and reproductive tract.
UBERON:0001135
xenopus_anatomy
visceral muscle
XAO:0000175
smooth muscle
Involuntary muscle tissue consisting of uninucleate spindle-shaped fibers. Found within the walls of blood vessels, the alimentary tract, bladder, and reproductive tract.
AAO:0010244
Xenbase:Staff
The set of organs forming the outermost layer of the body, comprising the skin and its appendages.
UBERON:0002416
xenopus_anatomy
integumental system
XAO:0000176
dermal system
The set of organs forming the outermost layer of the body, comprising the skin and its appendages.
Wikipedia:Integumentary_system
Anatomical system that has as its parts the brain and spinal cord, nerves, ganglia, and parts of the receptor organs and that receives and interprets stimuli and transmits impulses to the effector organs.
UBERON:0001016
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000177
nervous system
Anatomical system that has as its parts the brain and spinal cord, nerves, ganglia, and parts of the receptor organs and that receives and interprets stimuli and transmits impulses to the effector organs.
AAO:0000324
One of the two major divisions of the nervous system. Its nerves connect the central nervous system with sensory organs, other organs, muscles, blood vessels and glands.
UBERON:0000010
PNS
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000178
peripheral nervous system
One of the two major divisions of the nervous system. Its nerves connect the central nervous system with sensory organs, other organs, muscles, blood vessels and glands.
UBERON:0000010
The organ of sight (visual apparatus), almost spherical in shape. At the end of development (NF stage 66) the eyes bulge out of their orbital capsules near the lateral edge of the dorsal side of the head.
UBERON:0000019
xenopus_anatomy
eyes
XAO:0000179
eye
The organ of sight (visual apparatus), almost spherical in shape. At the end of development (NF stage 66) the eyes bulge out of their orbital capsules near the lateral edge of the dorsal side of the head.
ISBN:0815318960
Xenbase:Staff
eyes
The transparent front part of the eye that, together with the lens, refracts light.
UBERON:0000964
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000180
cornea
The transparent front part of the eye that, together with the lens, refracts light.
Wikipedia:Cornea
A general term for the whole eye, or eye ball, of an organism.
eye ball
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000181
globe
A general term for the whole eye, or eye ball, of an organism.
AAO:0010346
A clear mucous membrane consisting of cells and underlying basement membrane that covers the sclera and lines the inside of the eyelids. It is made of epithelial tissue.
UBERON:0001811
conjunctivae
conjunctivas
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000182
conjunctiva
A clear mucous membrane consisting of cells and underlying basement membrane that covers the sclera and lines the inside of the eyelids. It is made of epithelial tissue.
UBERON:0001811
conjunctivae
conjunctivas
The opaque, fibrous, protective, outer layer of the eye containing collagen and elastic fiber.
UBERON:0001773
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000183
sclera
The opaque, fibrous, protective, outer layer of the eye containing collagen and elastic fiber.
UBERON:0001773
A membrane in the eye, responsible for controlling the amount of light reaching the retina.
UBERON:0001769
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000185
iris
A membrane in the eye, responsible for controlling the amount of light reaching the retina.
UBERON:0001769
Circumferential tissue inside the eye composed of the ciliary muscle and ciliary processes.
UBERON:0001775
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000186
ciliary body
Circumferential tissue inside the eye composed of the ciliary muscle and ciliary processes.
UBERON:0001775
Lateral neurogenic placode region positioned dorsally to the epibranchial placodes, and that includes the lateral line placodes, the otic placode and the trigeminal placode.
UBERON:0003067
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000187
dorsolateral placode region
Lateral neurogenic placode region positioned dorsally to the epibranchial placodes, and that includes the lateral line placodes, the otic placode and the trigeminal placode.
ISBN:0878933840
ZFA:0001310
Cranial nerve that is continuous with the layer of nerve cells on the inner surface of the eye. It exits the neurocranium via the large optic foramen and is covered by a fibrous connective tissue sheath. It transmits visual information from the retina to the brain.
UBERON:0000941
ON
cranial nerve II
opticus
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000188
optic nerve
Cranial nerve that is continuous with the layer of nerve cells on the inner surface of the eye. It exits the neurocranium via the large optic foramen and is covered by a fibrous connective tissue sheath. It transmits visual information from the retina to the brain.
ISBN:080184780X
UBERON:0000941
The combination of structures that form the ear and function to transmit vibrations and permit hearing.
ear
UBERON:0001690
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000189
auditory apparatus
The combination of structures that form the ear and function to transmit vibrations and permit hearing.
ISBN:0070179778
A flattened, roughly circular cartilage derived from the extrastapes. This thin membrane or integument is stretched over the cartilaginous tympanic annulus in a drum-like manner, and forms the outer ear, receiving airborne vibrations and functioning in hearing.
XAO:0000212
UBERON:0001691
tympanic disc
xenopus_anatomy
external ear
tympanic membrane
tympanum
XAO:0000190
tympanic disk
A flattened, roughly circular cartilage derived from the extrastapes. This thin membrane or integument is stretched over the cartilaginous tympanic annulus in a drum-like manner, and forms the outer ear, receiving airborne vibrations and functioning in hearing.
ISBN:0070179778
PMID:20953303
The air-filled cavity within the skull that lies between the outer ear and the inner ear.
UBERON:0001756
tympanic cavity
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000191
middle ear
The air-filled cavity within the skull that lies between the outer ear and the inner ear.
UBERON:0001756
Labyrinthine anatomical cluster that comprises sensory endorgans specialized for vestibular, auditory, and acoustico-vestibular sensation.
XAO:0000194
UBERON:0001846
membranous labyrinth
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000192
inner ear
Labyrinthine anatomical cluster that comprises sensory endorgans specialized for vestibular, auditory, and acoustico-vestibular sensation.
PMID:16217737
Structure consisting of the vestibule, lagena, and semicircular canal, cavities that are hollowed out of the substance of the bone, and lined by periosteum. They contain a clear fluid, the perilymph, in which the membranous labyrinth is situated.
UBERON:0001839
xenopus_anatomy
bony labyrinth
XAO:0000193
osseous labyrinth
Structure consisting of the vestibule, lagena, and semicircular canal, cavities that are hollowed out of the substance of the bone, and lined by periosteum. They contain a clear fluid, the perilymph, in which the membranous labyrinth is situated.
Wikipedia:Bony_labyrinth
Inner ear structure into which the semicircular ducts find their outlet. Along with the saccule, it is part of the balancing apparatus (membranous labyrinth) located within the vestibule of the osseous labyrinth.
UBERON:0001853
xenopus_anatomy
utricular otolith
XAO:0000195
utricle
Inner ear structure into which the semicircular ducts find their outlet. Along with the saccule, it is part of the balancing apparatus (membranous labyrinth) located within the vestibule of the osseous labyrinth.
Wikipedia:Utricle_(ear)
A major structure of the inner ear, ventral to the utriculus. Two small pouches extend from it: the papilla basilaris, and the papilla amphibiorum. The sacculus functions in the detection of sound.
UBERON:0001854
xenopus_anatomy
saccule
XAO:0000196
sacculus
A major structure of the inner ear, ventral to the utriculus. Two small pouches extend from it: the papilla basilaris, and the papilla amphibiorum. The sacculus functions in the detection of sound.
ISBN:0070179778
A vestibular structure of the inner ear consisting of a ventral diverticulum off of the sacculus.
UBERON:0001844
xenopus_anatomy
cochlea
XAO:0000197
lagena
A vestibular structure of the inner ear consisting of a ventral diverticulum off of the sacculus.
ISBN:1402073755
Any of the three fluid-filled ducts that loop from the utriculus in the inner ear, and help detect movement and maintain balance.
UBERON:0001840
xenopus_anatomy
semicircular canals
semicircular ducts
XAO:0000198
semicircular canal
Any of the three fluid-filled ducts that loop from the utriculus in the inner ear, and help detect movement and maintain balance.
ISBN:0070179778
semicircular canals
semicircular ducts
The small, oval, bony chamber of the labyrinth. The vestibule contains the utricle and saccule, organs which are part of the balancing apparatus of the ear.
UBERON:0005236
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000199
vestibule
The small, oval, bony chamber of the labyrinth. The vestibule contains the utricle and saccule, organs which are part of the balancing apparatus of the ear.
UBERON:0005236
Pigmented, smaller blastomere of the animal (upper) hemisphere of the cleaving embryo.
animal hemisphere blastomere
xenopus_anatomy
micromere
XAO:0000200
animal blastomere
Pigmented, smaller blastomere of the animal (upper) hemisphere of the cleaving embryo.
ISBN:0471209627
XAO:0000273
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000201
obsolete olfactory apparatus
true
Anatomical region that is pigmented (dark brown) and tends to have the uppermost orientation, as it contains the blastocoel and cells that contain only small amounts of yolk. The Xenopus egg is divided into two roughly equal halves: the animal and vegetal hemispheres.
UBERON:0012284
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000202
animal hemisphere
Anatomical region that is pigmented (dark brown) and tends to have the uppermost orientation, as it contains the blastocoel and cells that contain only small amounts of yolk. The Xenopus egg is divided into two roughly equal halves: the animal and vegetal hemispheres.
XAO:curator
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000203
obsolete archencephalic region
true
Any nerve outside the brain or spinal cord that connects with peripheral receptors or effectors.
UBERON:0002003
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000204
peripheral nerve
Any nerve outside the brain or spinal cord that connects with peripheral receptors or effectors.
NCIt:Peripheral_Nerve
A type of mesoderm that lies along the central axis, under the neural tube, and gives rise to the notochord.
UBERON:0003068
xenopus_anatomy
chordamesoderm
chordomesoderm
XAO:0000205
axial mesoderm
A type of mesoderm that lies along the central axis, under the neural tube, and gives rise to the notochord.
Xenbase:Staff
The first appearance of the anatomical space that will become the blastocoel.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000206
blastocoel anlage
The first appearance of the anatomical space that will become the blastocoel.
Xenbase:Staff
The dorsal surface of the blastocoel, the cavity of the blastula.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000207
blastocoel roof
The dorsal surface of the blastocoel, the cavity of the blastula.
Xenbase:Staff
The opening of the archenteron to the exterior, marking the point of origin of the archenteron and the caudal end of the embryo.
UBERON:0000100
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000208
blastopore
The opening of the archenteron to the exterior, marking the point of origin of the archenteron and the caudal end of the embryo.
ISBN:0023771100
A cluster of nervous tissue principally composed of neuronal cell bodies external to the central nervous system (CNS).
UBERON:0000045
xenopus_anatomy
ganglia
XAO:0000209
ganglion
A cluster of nervous tissue principally composed of neuronal cell bodies external to the central nervous system (CNS).
UBERON:0000045
ganglia
Type of ganglion that is a condensation of sensory neurons on the dorsal root of each spinal nerve. There is one pair of spinal ganglia per myotome, with the spinal ganglia of the trunk region larger and more distinct from each other than those of the tail region.
UBERON:0000044
xenopus_anatomy
dorsal root ganglion
spinal ganglia
XAO:0000210
spinal ganglion
Type of ganglion that is a condensation of sensory neurons on the dorsal root of each spinal nerve. There is one pair of spinal ganglia per myotome, with the spinal ganglia of the trunk region larger and more distinct from each other than those of the tail region.
PMID:17521450
Xenbase:Staff
spinal ganglia
Either of the pair of ganglionated longitudinal cords of the sympathetic nervous system of which one is situated on each side of the spinal column.
UBERON:0000407
sympathetic trunk
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000211
sympathetic chain
Either of the pair of ganglionated longitudinal cords of the sympathetic nervous system of which one is situated on each side of the spinal column.
http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/sympathetic+chain
The narrow tube connecting the middle ear with the pharynx, through which air flows to equalize pressure on either side of the tympanic membrane.
UBERON:0002393
eustachian tube
pharyngotympanic tube
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000213
auditory tube
The narrow tube connecting the middle ear with the pharynx, through which air flows to equalize pressure on either side of the tympanic membrane.
ISBN:0070179778
Any of the three tiny bones of the inner ear (columella or stapes, the sacculus and the utriculus) suspended in the otic capsule.
UBERON:0001686
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000214
auditory ossicle
Any of the three tiny bones of the inner ear (columella or stapes, the sacculus and the utriculus) suspended in the otic capsule.
ISBN:0070179778
The part of the nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord, to which sensory impulses are transmitted and from which motor impulses pass out, and that supervises and coordinates the activity of the entire nervous system.
UBERON:0001017
CNS
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000215
central nervous system
The part of the nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord, to which sensory impulses are transmitted and from which motor impulses pass out, and that supervises and coordinates the activity of the entire nervous system.
http://www.merriam-webster.com/medlineplus/central+nervous+system
XAO:0004467
XAO:0004468
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000216
obsolete cortex
true
A layer of skin between the epidermis (with which it makes up the skin) and subcutaneous tissues, composed of two layers, the papillary and reticular dermis.
UBERON:0002067
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000217
dermis
A layer of skin between the epidermis (with which it makes up the skin) and subcutaneous tissues, composed of two layers, the papillary and reticular dermis.
UBERON:0002067
An internal or external body part or prolongation that projects from, and is attached to, an organ or the main body of an organism.
UBERON:0000026
xenopus_anatomy
appendages
XAO:0000218
appendage
An internal or external body part or prolongation that projects from, and is attached to, an organ or the main body of an organism.
Xenbase:Staff
appendages
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000219
obsolete superficial (epithelial) layer
true
Somitic compartment that is a precursor of dermis, the cells of which become arranged in a single layer that blankets the myotome, possibly continuously (unsegmented) across somites.
UBERON:0004016
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000220
dermatome
Somitic compartment that is a precursor of dermis, the cells of which become arranged in a single layer that blankets the myotome, possibly continuously (unsegmented) across somites.
PMID:17313522
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000221
obsolete deuterencephalic region
true
XAO:0000223
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000222
obsolete ear placode
true
Invagination of thickened epithelium near the hindbrain that gives rise to a spherically shaped ear vesicle, including precursors of the sensory epithelia of the inner ear and neurons of cranial nerve VIII.
ear
UBERON:0003069
xenopus_anatomy
auditory placode
XAO:0000223
otic placode
Invagination of thickened epithelium near the hindbrain that gives rise to a spherically shaped ear vesicle, including precursors of the sensory epithelia of the inner ear and neurons of cranial nerve VIII.
PMID:16217737
Vegetal portion of the marginal zone of the embryo that turns inside the embryo during involution.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000224
vegetal part, early involuting
Vegetal portion of the marginal zone of the embryo that turns inside the embryo during involution.
http://worms.zoology.wisc.edu/frogs/glossary.html
The ectodermal precursor of the trigeminal ganglion. The profundal and the trigeminal ganglia are separate distally but fused at their proximal end as they condense around NF stage 24. The trigeminal placode gives rise to the sensory neurons of the ophthalmic and maxillomandibular lobes of cranial nerve V.
UBERON:0003070
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000225
trigeminal placode
The ectodermal precursor of the trigeminal ganglion. The profundal and the trigeminal ganglia are separate distally but fused at their proximal end as they condense around NF stage 24. The trigeminal placode gives rise to the sensory neurons of the ophthalmic and maxillomandibular lobes of cranial nerve V.
PMID:21452441
UBERON:0003070
Equatorial zone of the zygote with which the plane of first cleavage aligns.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000226
equatorial belt
Equatorial zone of the zygote with which the plane of first cleavage aligns.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
First trace of the future visual apparatus. The eye primordia forming antero-lateral evaginations of the closing neural tube are originally massive formations into which only a slit-shaped extension of the neural groove penetrates at NF stage 18. At NF stage 19 they clearly segregate from the anterior portion of the neural tube.
eye
UBERON:0003071
xenopus_anatomy
eye anlage
XAO:0000227
eye primordium
First trace of the future visual apparatus. The eye primordia forming antero-lateral evaginations of the closing neural tube are originally massive formations into which only a slit-shaped extension of the neural groove penetrates at NF stage 18. At NF stage 19 they clearly segregate from the anterior portion of the neural tube.
ISBN:0815318960
The evagination of neurectoderm, which has pinched off from the anterior neural keel, that precedes formation of the optic cup.
eye
UBERON:0004128
xenopus_anatomy
eye vesicle
optic cup
XAO:0000228
optic vesicle
The evagination of neurectoderm, which has pinched off from the anterior neural keel, that precedes formation of the optic cup.
Xenbase:Staff
Randomly dispersed fibrils organized into criss-crossing fascicles or bundles in the coelomic envelope of oocytes.
coelomic envelope
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000229
fasciculated network of fibrils
Randomly dispersed fibrils organized into criss-crossing fascicles or bundles in the coelomic envelope of oocytes.
PMID:2909400
Cell type that forms a layer within an ovarian follicle that surrounds the oocyte.
CL:0000477
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000230
follicle cell
Cell type that forms a layer within an ovarian follicle that surrounds the oocyte.
Wikipedia:Ovarian_follicle
A monolayer of follicle cells surrounding the developing oocyte and forming adhesive contacts with the surrounding follicular epithelium.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000231
follicle layer
A monolayer of follicle cells surrounding the developing oocyte and forming adhesive contacts with the surrounding follicular epithelium.
PMID:619165
The anterior part of the alimentary system, from the mouth and esophagus to the duodenum at the entrance of the bile duct. Structures of the foregut are: esophagus, stomach, duodenum, liver, gall bladder, and pancreas. The spleen is located in the foregut region, but is not a gut organ.
UBERON:0001041
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000232
foregut
The anterior part of the alimentary system, from the mouth and esophagus to the duodenum at the entrance of the bile duct. Structures of the foregut are: esophagus, stomach, duodenum, liver, gall bladder, and pancreas. The spleen is located in the foregut region, but is not a gut organ.
UBERON:0001041
Xenbase:Staff
A zone found in the cytoplasm of the egg cells that contains determinants that will give rise to the primordial germ cells. As the zygote undergoes mitotic divisions the germ plasm is ultimately restricted to a few cells of the embryo.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000233
germ plasm
A zone found in the cytoplasm of the egg cells that contains determinants that will give rise to the primordial germ cells. As the zygote undergoes mitotic divisions the germ plasm is ultimately restricted to a few cells of the embryo.
Xenbase:Staff
The nucleus of the oocyte, it is enclosed in a nuclear envelope and contains neucleoplasm, in which the chromosomes and extranucleoli are embedded. It breaks down as the oocyte matures, being no longer visible by the first meiotic metaphase.
GV
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000234
germinal vesicle
The nucleus of the oocyte, it is enclosed in a nuclear envelope and contains neucleoplasm, in which the chromosomes and extranucleoli are embedded. It breaks down as the oocyte matures, being no longer visible by the first meiotic metaphase.
Xenbase:Staff
Two migratory heart primordia that move ventrally during the course of neurulation, and whose fusion begins at the ventral midline at NF stage 16.
heart
UBERON:0007005
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000235
cardiac mesoderm
Two migratory heart primordia that move ventrally during the course of neurulation, and whose fusion begins at the ventral midline at NF stage 16.
Xenbase:Staff
The first part of the small intestine. At the junction of the stomach and the duodenum the alimentary canal is inflected. The duodenum first goes anteriorly for a short distance, turns dorsally, and eventually caudally, thus it is a U-shaped structure with two horizontal sections (a ventral and a dorsal one).
UBERON:0002114
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000236
duodenum
The first part of the small intestine. At the junction of the stomach and the duodenum the alimentary canal is inflected. The duodenum first goes anteriorly for a short distance, turns dorsally, and eventually caudally, thus it is a U-shaped structure with two horizontal sections (a ventral and a dorsal one).
ISBN:0815318960
The final section of the small intestine.
UBERON:0002116
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000237
ileum
The final section of the small intestine.
UBERON:0002116
The terminal portion of the large intestine.
UBERON:0001052
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000238
rectum
The terminal portion of the large intestine.
VHOG:0001751
The pancreatic duct and common bile duct together, which enter the descending duodenum.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000239
hepato-pancreatic duct
The pancreatic duct and common bile duct together, which enter the descending duodenum.
Xenbase:Staff
A thickened portion of ectoderm that serves as the precursor to the lens.
UBERON:0003073
xenopus_anatomy
lens primordium
XAO:0000240
lens placode
A thickened portion of ectoderm that serves as the precursor to the lens.
UBERON:0003073
Vein that returns blood from the trunk and drains into the duct of Cuvier via the pronephric sinus.
UBERON:0002065
PCV
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000241
posterior cardinal vein
Vein that returns blood from the trunk and drains into the duct of Cuvier via the pronephric sinus.
PMID:12606281
Duct that drains the mesonephros and connects it to the ureter.
UBERON:0003074
xenopus_anatomy
Wolffian duct
XAO:0000242
mesonephric duct
Duct that drains the mesonephros and connects it to the ureter.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The last portion of the digestive system, it extracts water and salt from solid wastes before they are eliminated from the body.
hindgut
UBERON:0001155
xenopus_anatomy
posterior intestine
XAO:0000243
colon
The last portion of the digestive system, it extracts water and salt from solid wastes before they are eliminated from the body.
UBERON:0001155
The posterior opening that serves as the common opening for the intestinal, reproductive, and urinary tracts, closed by the cloacal sphincter.
UBERON:0000162
xenopus_anatomy
cloacal chamber
vent
XAO:0000244
cloaca
The posterior opening that serves as the common opening for the intestinal, reproductive, and urinary tracts, closed by the cloacal sphincter.
Xenbase:Staff
A prominent mass in the cytoplasm of previtellogenic oocytes. The cloud contains both mitochondria and electron-dense granulofibrillar material (GFM) and is the source of germinal granule material.
GO:0032019
Balbiani body
mitochondrial aggregate
xenopus_anatomy
MC
XAO:0000245
mitochondrial cloud
A prominent mass in the cytoplasm of previtellogenic oocytes. The cloud contains both mitochondria and electron-dense granulofibrillar material (GFM) and is the source of germinal granule material.
GO:0032019
Space that separates the thicker inner sheet of splanchnic mesoderm from the thinner outer somatic mesoderm.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000246
myocoelic slit
Space that separates the thicker inner sheet of splanchnic mesoderm from the thinner outer somatic mesoderm.
PMID:5449482
Second of the pharyngeal (endodermal) evaginations between the visceral arches from which the Eustachian tube is derived; pouches 2-4 open as gill slits.
UBERON:0007123
second visceral pouch
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000247
visceral pouch 2
Second of the pharyngeal (endodermal) evaginations between the visceral arches from which the Eustachian tube is derived; pouches 2-4 open as gill slits.
ISBN:0226557634
The median dorsal longitudinal groove in the neural plate, directly above the notochord, which appears after neural fold formation.
UBERON:0005061
xenopus_anatomy
median groove
neural midline
XAO:0000248
neural groove
The median dorsal longitudinal groove in the neural plate, directly above the notochord, which appears after neural fold formation.
Xenbase:Staff
http://www.merriam-webster.com/medlineplus/neural+groove
A region of embryonic ectodermal cells that lie directly above the notochord. During neurulation, they change shape and produce an infolding of the neural plate (the neural fold) that then seals to form the neural tube. At NF stage 11.5 is the first indication of neural plate within the sensorial layer of ectoderm. It extends to near the animal pole by NF stage 12.5 and the entire plate is faintly delimited by NF stage 13.
UBERON:0003075
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000249
neural plate
A region of embryonic ectodermal cells that lie directly above the notochord. During neurulation, they change shape and produce an infolding of the neural plate (the neural fold) that then seals to form the neural tube. At NF stage 11.5 is the first indication of neural plate within the sensorial layer of ectoderm. It extends to near the animal pole by NF stage 12.5 and the entire plate is faintly delimited by NF stage 13.
ISBN:0815318960
Wikipedia:Neural_plate
Posterior segment of the neural tube, which develops into the hindbrain and spinal cord.
UBERON:0003076
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000250
posterior neural tube
Posterior segment of the neural tube, which develops into the hindbrain and spinal cord.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Third of the pharyngeal (endodermal) evaginations between the visceral arches from which the Eustachian tube is derived; pouches 2-4 open as gill slits.
UBERON:0007124
third visceral pouch
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000251
visceral pouch 3
Third of the pharyngeal (endodermal) evaginations between the visceral arches from which the Eustachian tube is derived; pouches 2-4 open as gill slits.
ISBN:0226557634
An anatomical space that is surrounded by a neural tube.
UBERON:0003842
neural tube lumen
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000252
neurocoel
An anatomical space that is surrounded by a neural tube.
UBERON:0003842
Animal portion of the marginal zone of the embryo that spreads in front of the animal cap but does not involute during gastrulation.
NIMZ
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000253
non-involuting marginal zone
Animal portion of the marginal zone of the embryo that spreads in front of the animal cap but does not involute during gastrulation.
http://worms.zoology.wisc.edu/frogs/glossary.html
Fourth of the pharyngeal (endodermal) evaginations between the visceral arches from which the Eustachian tube is derived; pouches 2-4 open as gill slits.
UBERON:0007125
fourth visceral pouch
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000254
visceral pouch 4
Fourth of the pharyngeal (endodermal) evaginations between the visceral arches from which the Eustachian tube is derived; pouches 2-4 open as gill slits.
ISBN:0226557634
Fifth of the pharyngeal (endodermal) evaginations between the visceral arches.
UBERON:0007126
fifth visceral pouch
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000255
visceral pouch 5
Fifth of the pharyngeal (endodermal) evaginations between the visceral arches.
ISBN:0226557634
The developing female gamete, the differentiation of which is classified into six stages: I (pre-vitellogenic), II (early vitellogenic), III (mid-vitellogenic, formation of pigment), IV (polarization along animal-vegetal axis), V (late vitellogenic), and VI (post-vitellogenic, appearance of equatorial band).
CL:0000023
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000256
oocyte
The developing female gamete, the differentiation of which is classified into six stages: I (pre-vitellogenic), II (early vitellogenic), III (mid-vitellogenic, formation of pigment), IV (polarization along animal-vegetal axis), V (late vitellogenic), and VI (post-vitellogenic, appearance of equatorial band).
PMID:4109871
An outpocketing of the foregut ventral to the infundibulum and the hypophysis. The walls surrounding this cavity are composed of endoderm.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000257
oral evagination
An outpocketing of the foregut ventral to the infundibulum and the hypophysis. The walls surrounding this cavity are composed of endoderm.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Either of paired female reproductive organs involved in production of ova and female sex hormones.
UBERON:0000992
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000258
ovary
Either of paired female reproductive organs involved in production of ova and female sex hormones.
AAO:0000371
Area of mesoderm at either side of the midline embryonic notochord that, on segmentation, forms the paired somites.
UBERON:0003077
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000259
paraxial mesoderm
Area of mesoderm at either side of the midline embryonic notochord that, on segmentation, forms the paired somites.
https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Paraxial+mesoderm
The space between the zona pellucida and the cell membrane of an oocyte or fertilized ovum.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000260
perivitelline space
The space between the zona pellucida and the cell membrane of an oocyte or fertilized ovum.
Wikipedia:Perivitelline_space
Outer layer of the developing optic vesicle, which contains pigmented epithelium.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000261
pigment layer
Outer layer of the developing optic vesicle, which contains pigmented epithelium.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
A small cell formed by the meiotic division of an oocyte.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000262
polar body
A small cell formed by the meiotic division of an oocyte.
CL:0002090
A germ cell that is a primordial oocyte in a female and that develops into secondary oogonia by mitotic division.
xenopus_anatomy
primary oogonia
XAO:0000263
primary oogonium
A germ cell that is a primordial oocyte in a female and that develops into secondary oogonia by mitotic division.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
primary oogonia
Portion of tissue that consists of the mesenchymal precursor to the pronephric kidney and that begins to separate from the intermediate mesoderm at NF stage 21 and epithelializes by NF stage 30.
UBERON:0005721
xenopus_anatomy
pronephric anlage
pronephric bulge
pronephric primordium
XAO:0000264
pronephric mesenchyme
Portion of tissue that consists of the mesenchymal precursor to the pronephric kidney and that begins to separate from the intermediate mesoderm at NF stage 21 and epithelializes by NF stage 30.
Xenbase:Staff
Sixth of the pharyngeal (endodermal) evaginations between the visceral arches.
UBERON:0007127
sixth visceral pouch
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000265
visceral pouch 6
Sixth of the pharyngeal (endodermal) evaginations between the visceral arches.
ISBN:0226557634
Inner layer of the developing optic vesicle, which contains retinal nerve cells.
UBERON:0001781
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000266
retinal layer
Inner layer of the developing optic vesicle, which contains retinal nerve cells.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The hypophyseal layer that separates from the stomodeal layer of the stomodeal-hypophyseal primordium at NF stage 29 and 30.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000267
hypophyseal primordium
The hypophyseal layer that separates from the stomodeal layer of the stomodeal-hypophyseal primordium at NF stage 29 and 30.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
A type of germ cell that results from the mitotic division of a primary oogonium.
xenopus_anatomy
secondary oogonia
XAO:0000268
secondary oogonium
A type of germ cell that results from the mitotic division of a primary oogonium.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
secondary oogonia
Anterior part of the embryonic alimentary canal that is formed as an invagination of the ectoderm and is the future mouth.
mouth
stomodeal-hypophyseal primordium
UBERON:0000930
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000269
mouth primordium
Anterior part of the embryonic alimentary canal that is formed as an invagination of the ectoderm and is the future mouth.
UBERON:0000930
Deep layer of the neural ectoderm, which undergoes early neuronal differentiation.
xenopus_anatomy
deep layer of neurectoderm
XAO:0000270
sensorial layer of neurectoderm
Deep layer of the neural ectoderm, which undergoes early neuronal differentiation.
PMID:11832243
Layer of lateral plate mesoderm that forms the future body wall; it underlies the ectoderm.
UBERON:0004871
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000271
somatic layer of lateral plate mesoderm
Layer of lateral plate mesoderm that forms the future body wall; it underlies the ectoderm.
UBERON:0004871
An auxiliary olfactory sense organ involved in the detection of pheromones.
UBERON:0002255
VNO
organon vomeronasale
vomeronasal organ
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000272
Jacobson's organ
An auxiliary olfactory sense organ involved in the detection of pheromones.
Wikipedia:Vomeronasal_organ
Organ comprising the specialized structures subserving the function of the sense of smell.
UBERON:0002268
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000273
olfactory organ
Organ comprising the specialized structures subserving the function of the sense of smell.
BTO:0001772
The point on the surface of the egg at which the sperm enters the egg.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000274
sperm entry point
The point on the surface of the egg at which the sperm enters the egg.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
A depression on the head of the embryo that becomes converted into a nasal passage.
XAO:0004073
UBERON:0005870
nasal pit
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000275
olfactory pit
A depression on the head of the embryo that becomes converted into a nasal passage.
http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/olfactory+pit
Layer of lateral plate mesoderm that forms the circulatory system and future gut wall; it overlies endoderm.
XAO:0004273
UBERON:0004872
xenopus_anatomy
splanchnic mesoderm
visceral mesoderm
XAO:0000276
splanchnic layer of lateral plate mesoderm
Layer of lateral plate mesoderm that forms the circulatory system and future gut wall; it overlies endoderm.
UBERON:0004872
The internal nasal passages, aperture or cavity in the roof of the buccopharynx.
UBERON:0004771
posterior nasal apperture
xenopus_anatomy
choanae
internal nares
XAO:0000277
choana
The internal nasal passages, aperture or cavity in the roof of the buccopharynx.
ISBN:0226557634
choanae
When the marginal zone mesoderm undergoes involution, where the marginal zone contacts the vegetal base.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000278
animal part, late involuting
When the marginal zone mesoderm undergoes involution, where the marginal zone contacts the vegetal base.
Xenbase:Staff
Unpigmented, larger blastomere of the vegetal (lower) hemisphere of the cleaving embryo.
vegetal hemisphere blastomere
xenopus_anatomy
macromere
XAO:0000279
vegetal blastomere
Unpigmented, larger blastomere of the vegetal (lower) hemisphere of the cleaving embryo.
ISBN:0471209627
Anatomical region that is the lower, light-colored hemisphere of the egg, as its cells contain large amounts of dense yolk proteins. The Xenopus egg is divided into two roughly equal halves: the animal and vegetal hemispheres.
UBERON:0012285
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000280
vegetal hemisphere
Anatomical region that is the lower, light-colored hemisphere of the egg, as its cells contain large amounts of dense yolk proteins. The Xenopus egg is divided into two roughly equal halves: the animal and vegetal hemispheres.
XAO:curator
Cell mass in the vegetal region of the embryo that will contribute to endoderm.
vegetal cell mass
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000281
vegetal yolk mass
Cell mass in the vegetal region of the embryo that will contribute to endoderm.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Pharyngeal (endodermal) evaginations between the visceral arches from which the Eustachian tube is derived; pouches 2-4 open as gill slits.
UBERON:0004117
xenopus_anatomy
visceral pouches
XAO:0000282
visceral pouch
Pharyngeal (endodermal) evaginations between the visceral arches from which the Eustachian tube is derived; pouches 2-4 open as gill slits.
ISBN:0226557634
visceral pouches
A hole located in the center of the iris of the eye that allows light to enter the retina.
UBERON:0001771
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000283
pupil
A hole located in the center of the iris of the eye that allows light to enter the retina.
Wikipedia:Pupil
The three distinct placodal areas which develop from the posterior placodal area and lie ventral to the otic placode and dorsocaudal to the pharyngeal clefts, and contribute to the sensory ganglia for the distal portion of cranial nerves VII IX and X. The proximal neurons are derived from the neural crest.
UBERON:0003078
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000284
epibranchial placode
The three distinct placodal areas which develop from the posterior placodal area and lie ventral to the otic placode and dorsocaudal to the pharyngeal clefts, and contribute to the sensory ganglia for the distal portion of cranial nerves VII IX and X. The proximal neurons are derived from the neural crest.
ISBN:0878933840
The structure that is the basic functional unit of the pronephros.
UBERON:0005309
xenopus_anatomy
pronephric tubule
XAO:0000285
pronephric nephron
The structure that is the basic functional unit of the pronephros.
UBERON:0005309
Portion of the pronephric tubule that is immediately posterior to the early proximal tubule and anterior to the early distal tubule.
PT3
late proximal segment
proximal tubule 3
proximal tubule segment 3
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000286
late proximal tubule
Portion of the pronephric tubule that is immediately posterior to the early proximal tubule and anterior to the early distal tubule.
PMID:15223337
Portion of the pronephric tubule that is immediately posterior to the late proximal tubule and anterior to the late distal segment.
UBERON:0006337
IT1
distal early tubule
intermediate tubule
intermediate tubule segment 1
pronephric distal early tubule
pronephric early distal tubule
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000287
early distal tubule
Portion of the pronephric tubule that is immediately posterior to the late proximal tubule and anterior to the late distal segment.
PMID:15223337
Portion of the pronephric tubule that is immediately anterior to the late proximal tubule.
PT2
proximal tubule 2
proximal tubule segment 2
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000288
early proximal tubule
Portion of the pronephric tubule that is immediately anterior to the late proximal tubule.
PMID:15223337
Pronephric segment immediately posterior to the early distal tubule and anterior to the pronephric duct.
DT1
distal tubule segment 1
late distal segment
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000289
late distal tubule
Pronephric segment immediately posterior to the early distal tubule and anterior to the pronephric duct.
PMID:15223337
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000290
obsolete pronephric nephron segment S1
true
The tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the mesonephros.
UBERON:0005323
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000291
mesonephric mesenchyme
The tissue made up of loosely connected mesenchymal cells in the mesonephros.
UBERON:0005323
The structure that is the basic functional unit of the adult or mesonephric kidney, consisting of the vascular loop of the glomerulus, the capsule, the nephrocoel, the nephric duct, the nephrostome and the nephric tubule.
XAO:0000145
UBERON:0005322
xenopus_anatomy
nephron
XAO:0000292
mesonephric nephron
The structure that is the basic functional unit of the adult or mesonephric kidney, consisting of the vascular loop of the glomerulus, the capsule, the nephrocoel, the nephric duct, the nephrostome and the nephric tubule.
ISBN:0521301521
XAO:0004087
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000293
obsolete neural fold
true
The cavity of the blastula, a closed space that is invaded by early mesenchyme and later obliterated by the enlarging archenteron. It forms during embryogenesis when a zygote (a fertilized ovum) divides into many cells through mitosis.
UBERON:0000090
blastocele
xenopus_anatomy
blastocyst cavity
cleavage cavity
segmentation cavity
XAO:0000294
blastocoel
The cavity of the blastula, a closed space that is invaded by early mesenchyme and later obliterated by the enlarging archenteron. It forms during embryogenesis when a zygote (a fertilized ovum) divides into many cells through mitosis.
ISBN:0023771100
ISBN:0815318960
The portion of endoderm between dorsal and ventral blastopore lips, and extending towards to the blastocoel.
xenopus_anatomy
endodermal yolk mass
vegetal endodermal core
XAO:0000295
central endoderm
The portion of endoderm between dorsal and ventral blastopore lips, and extending towards to the blastocoel.
Xenbase:Staff
Anatomical direction relating to the vegetal pole or hemisphere.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000296
vegetal
Anatomical direction relating to the vegetal pole or hemisphere.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Anatomical direction relating to the animal pole or hemisphere.
xenopus_anatomy
animal hemisphere
XAO:0000297
animal
Anatomical direction relating to the animal pole or hemisphere.
Xenbase:Staff
Spatial concept denoting the back or upper surface of the body.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000298
dorsal
Spatial concept denoting the back or upper surface of the body.
NCIt:Dorsal
Spatial concept denoting the underside or lower surface of the body.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000299
ventral
Spatial concept denoting the underside or lower surface of the body.
NCIt:Ventral
Spatial concept denoting only the surface of the body.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000300
superficial
Spatial concept denoting only the surface of the body.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Spatial concept denoting extension relatively far inward.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000301
deep
Spatial concept denoting extension relatively far inward.
NCIt:Deep
Spatial concept pertaining to the back of the body and to the side.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000302
dorso-lateral
Spatial concept pertaining to the back of the body and to the side.
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/dorsolateral
Spatial concept pertaining to the part of the body opposite the back and away from the midline.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000303
ventro-lateral
Spatial concept pertaining to the part of the body opposite the back and away from the midline.
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ventrolateral
Spatial concept pertaining to being situated at or extending to the side.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000304
lateral
Spatial concept pertaining to being situated at or extending to the side.
NCIt:Lateral
A localized ectodermal thickening that develops by apicobasal elongation of cuboidal cells in the inner layer of the ectoderm in the head of the embryos, and is involved in formation of sense organs.
UBERON:0002546
xenopus_anatomy
cranial placodes
XAO:0000305
cranial placode
A localized ectodermal thickening that develops by apicobasal elongation of cuboidal cells in the inner layer of the ectoderm in the head of the embryos, and is involved in formation of sense organs.
UBERON:0002546
cranial placodes
Organizing center consisting of a small group of cells located at the ventral midline of the neural tube that influences the development of the nervous system, governing the specification of neuronal cell types and directing axonal trajectories.
floorplate
xenopus_anatomy
spinal cord floor
XAO:0000306
floor plate
Organizing center consisting of a small group of cells located at the ventral midline of the neural tube that influences the development of the nervous system, governing the specification of neuronal cell types and directing axonal trajectories.
PMID:15738958
Anterior segment of the neural tube, which develops into the forebrain and midbrain.
UBERON:0003080
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000307
anterior neural tube
Anterior segment of the neural tube, which develops into the forebrain and midbrain.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Region of the neural tube that will become the white matter of the nervous system.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000309
marginal zone (sensu neural)
Region of the neural tube that will become the white matter of the nervous system.
ISBN:0393974308
The anterior U-shaped portion of the neural folds, the two longitudinal dorsal ridges, caused by a folding up of the ectoderm, that make their appearance on either side of the middle line of the early neural embryo.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000310
anterior neural fold
The anterior U-shaped portion of the neural folds, the two longitudinal dorsal ridges, caused by a folding up of the ectoderm, that make their appearance on either side of the middle line of the early neural embryo.
Xenbase:Staff
Portion of the middle of the three primary germ layers of the embryo that resides on the periphery of the embryo, splits into two layers enclosing the intra-embryonic coelom, and gives rise to body wall structures.
UBERON:0003081
LPM
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000311
lateral plate mesoderm
Portion of the middle of the three primary germ layers of the embryo that resides on the periphery of the embryo, splits into two layers enclosing the intra-embryonic coelom, and gives rise to body wall structures.
UBERON:0003081
Any of the transient, degenerating somites that form in the occipital region of the animal.
UBERON:0005594
xenopus_anatomy
cranial somite
occipital somite
XAO:0000313
head somite
Any of the transient, degenerating somites that form in the occipital region of the animal.
Xenbase:Staff
Any of the somites that are posterior to the head and anterior to the tail.
UBERON:0005598
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000314
trunk somite
Any of the somites that are posterior to the head and anterior to the tail.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Somitic compartment that is a precursor of muscle.
UBERON:0003082
xenopus_anatomy
myotomes
XAO:0000315
myotome
Somitic compartment that is a precursor of muscle.
PMID:17313522
myotomes
The inner layer of the pericardium that is in contact with the surface of the heart. During cardiac development, it is the source of multipotent mesenchymal cells, which give rise to endothelial and smooth muscle cells in coronary vessels and also, possibly, to cardiomyocytes.
UBERON:0002348
heart epicardium
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000316
epicardium
The inner layer of the pericardium that is in contact with the surface of the heart. During cardiac development, it is the source of multipotent mesenchymal cells, which give rise to endothelial and smooth muscle cells in coronary vessels and also, possibly, to cardiomyocytes.
AAO:0010409
Xenbase:Staff
Multi-tissue structure that is the filtration unit of the pronephric kidney. A glomus is a glomerulus that spans more than one body segment. It is the vascularized filter of the pronephric kidney. Blood is filtered through the glomus and the filtrate deposited into the coelom early in development, or the nephrocoel later in development. The glomus contains podocytes with well developed foot processes that are anatomically indistinguishable from the podocytes of adult glomeruli. The two glomera are linked via a narrow bridge called the glomeral nexus.
UBERON:0004739
xenopus_anatomy
corpuscle
glomera
glomerulus
renal corpuscle
XAO:0000318
Properly called a glomus as it extends over multiple body segments.
glomus
Multi-tissue structure that is the filtration unit of the pronephric kidney. A glomus is a glomerulus that spans more than one body segment. It is the vascularized filter of the pronephric kidney. Blood is filtered through the glomus and the filtrate deposited into the coelom early in development, or the nephrocoel later in development. The glomus contains podocytes with well developed foot processes that are anatomically indistinguishable from the podocytes of adult glomeruli. The two glomera are linked via a narrow bridge called the glomeral nexus.
PMID:9268568
Xenbase:Staff
glomera
Neural crest cells that migrate along two major pathways: through the somites, to populate the skin where they give rise to pigment cells; cells migrating along the lateral pathway generate sensory and sympathetic ganglia and adrenal chromaffin cells, among others.
UBERON:0003083
TNC
xenopus_anatomy
trunk crest
XAO:0000319
trunk neural crest
Neural crest cells that migrate along two major pathways: through the somites, to populate the skin where they give rise to pigment cells; cells migrating along the lateral pathway generate sensory and sympathetic ganglia and adrenal chromaffin cells, among others.
ISBN:0878933840
The inner layer of ectoderm.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000320
sensorial layer
The inner layer of ectoderm.
Xenbase:Staff
Type of ganglion that is separate distally from the trigeminal ganglia; they become fused at their proximal end as they condense.
xenopus_anatomy
cranial ganglion
profundus ganglia
XAO:0000323
profundus ganglion
Type of ganglion that is separate distally from the trigeminal ganglia; they become fused at their proximal end as they condense.
PMID:21452441
profundus ganglia
A unique type of neurogenic placode, located ventral and caudal to the 2nd and 3rd pharyngeal pouches, which gives rise to small hypobranchial ganglia of yet unknown function.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000324
hypobranchial placode
A unique type of neurogenic placode, located ventral and caudal to the 2nd and 3rd pharyngeal pouches, which gives rise to small hypobranchial ganglia of yet unknown function.
PMID:12712315
Primordium of the spleen, which goes on to form the spleen proper, while the right splenic promordium degenerates.
spleen
UBERON:0006293
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000326
left spleen primordium
Primordium of the spleen, which goes on to form the spleen proper, while the right splenic promordium degenerates.
Xenbase:Staff
Transient splenic primordia that degenerates by NF stage 40.
spleen
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000327
right spleen primordium
Transient splenic primordia that degenerates by NF stage 40.
Xenbase:Staff
Internal lymphoid organ the primary function of which is to filter blood.
UBERON:0002106
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000328
spleen
Internal lymphoid organ the primary function of which is to filter blood.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The epithelial lining of the coelom.
UBERON:0005891
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000329
coelomic epithelium
The epithelial lining of the coelom.
Xenbase:Staff
Transient developmental organ that gives rise to oviducts in females (and is documented to persist in some male frogs).
UBERON:0003890
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000330
Mullerian duct
Transient developmental organ that gives rise to oviducts in females (and is documented to persist in some male frogs).
AAO:0010141
Structure that is equivalent to the convoluted proximal tubule of metanephric nephrons.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000331
mesonephric early proximal tubule
Structure that is equivalent to the convoluted proximal tubule of metanephric nephrons.
Xenbase:Staff
Structure that is the mesonephros nephron's equivalent to the straight proximal segment of a metanephric nephron.
xenopus_anatomy
opisthonephros
proximal straight segment
XAO:0000332
mesonephric late proximal tubule
Structure that is the mesonephros nephron's equivalent to the straight proximal segment of a metanephric nephron.
Xenbase:Staff
The mesonephric equivalent of the ascending limb, or straight distal segment, of metanephric nephrons.
UBERON:0005892
xenopus_anatomy
ascending limb
straight distal segment
XAO:0000333
mesonephric early distal tubule
The mesonephric equivalent of the ascending limb, or straight distal segment, of metanephric nephrons.
Xenbase:Staff
The site of bicarbonate resorption in the adult kidney. It is equivalent to the convoluted distal segment of metanephric nephrons.
mesonephric late distal segment
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000334
mesonephric late distal tubule
The site of bicarbonate resorption in the adult kidney. It is equivalent to the convoluted distal segment of metanephric nephrons.
Xenbase:Staff
The fused aspects of ventral mesoderm, which have migrated from either side of the prechordal plate, and fused ventrally, just behind the cement gland. They give rise to the endocardium at NF stage 27/28.
heart
UBERON:0003084
xenopus_anatomy
fused heart primordium
XAO:0000336
heart primordium
The fused aspects of ventral mesoderm, which have migrated from either side of the prechordal plate, and fused ventrally, just behind the cement gland. They give rise to the endocardium at NF stage 27/28.
Xenbase:Staff
Region in the embryo that consists of precursor cells for the development of the embryonic heart.
UBERON:0004141
xenopus_anatomy
heart tube
XAO:0000337
endocardial tube
Region in the embryo that consists of precursor cells for the development of the embryonic heart.
Wikipedia:Endocardial_heart_tubes
The outlet of the embryonic heart; lies in the floor of the pharynx and conducts blood from the bulbus arteriosis to the aortic arches (1-6).
UBERON:0003085
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000338
ventral aorta
The outlet of the embryonic heart; lies in the floor of the pharynx and conducts blood from the bulbus arteriosis to the aortic arches (1-6).
ISBN:0023771100
Of the paired ventral aortas in the tadpole, the one that branches into the left aortic arches.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000339
left channel of ventral aorta
Of the paired ventral aortas in the tadpole, the one that branches into the left aortic arches.
PMID:8928932
Of the paired ventral aortas in the tadpole, the one that branches into the right aortic arches.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000340
right channel of ventral aorta
Of the paired ventral aortas in the tadpole, the one that branches into the right aortic arches.
PMID:8928932
One of a series of six paired embryological vascular structures that give rise to several major arteries.
UBERON:0004363
xenopus_anatomy
aortic arches
XAO:0000341
aortic arch
One of a series of six paired embryological vascular structures that give rise to several major arteries.
UBERON:0004363
aortic arches
The anterior member of a series of six paired arterial connections between the dorsal and ventral aortae. Aortic arch that is part of mandibular arch.
UBERON:0003118
first aortic arch
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000342
aortic arch 1
The anterior member of a series of six paired arterial connections between the dorsal and ventral aortae. Aortic arch that is part of mandibular arch.
Xenbase:Staff
The second in a series paired arterial connections between the dorsal and ventral aortae. Aortic arch that is part of hyoid arch.
UBERON:0003119
second aortic arch
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000343
aortic arch 2
The second in a series paired arterial connections between the dorsal and ventral aortae. Aortic arch that is part of hyoid arch.
ISBN:0023771100
The third in a series paired arterial connections between the dorsal and ventral aortae. Aortic arch 3 lies within the 3rd branchial arch and branches directly from the ventral aorta to the lateral dorsal aorta, and are retained as the branchial arteries providing circulation through the gills in the adult.
UBERON:0003120
third aortic arch
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000344
aortic arch 3
The third in a series paired arterial connections between the dorsal and ventral aortae. Aortic arch 3 lies within the 3rd branchial arch and branches directly from the ventral aorta to the lateral dorsal aorta, and are retained as the branchial arteries providing circulation through the gills in the adult.
ISBN:0023771100
Artery that arises from the ventral aorta and delivers blood to the filter apparatus. It is visible as a bilateral pair of vessels on the ventral surface of the head, running between the heart and the tip of the jaw.
UBERON:0001070
ECA
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000345
external carotid artery
Artery that arises from the ventral aorta and delivers blood to the filter apparatus. It is visible as a bilateral pair of vessels on the ventral surface of the head, running between the heart and the tip of the jaw.
ISBN:0073524239
PMID:12606281
The aorta of a postembryonic, hatched or immature tadpole, prior to metamorphosis.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000349
larval aorta
The aorta of a postembryonic, hatched or immature tadpole, prior to metamorphosis.
Xenbase:Staff
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000351
obsolete secondary vessel
true
The fifth in a series paired arterial connections between the dorsal and ventral aortae. Aortic arch 5 artery is paired and has a common trunk with aortic arch 6 from the ventral aorta, and drains via a separate branch of the lateral dorsal aorta. Aortic arches 5 and 6 supply the trunk and tail with oxygenated blood.
UBERON:0003122
fifth aortic arch
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000352
aortic arch 5
The fifth in a series paired arterial connections between the dorsal and ventral aortae. Aortic arch 5 artery is paired and has a common trunk with aortic arch 6 from the ventral aorta, and drains via a separate branch of the lateral dorsal aorta. Aortic arches 5 and 6 supply the trunk and tail with oxygenated blood.
ISBN:0023771100
The sixth in a series paired arterial connections between the dorsal and ventral aortae. Aortic arch 6 artery is paired and has a common trunk with aortic arch 5 from the ventral aorta, and drains via a separate branch of the lateral dorsal aorta. It forms part of the pulmonary arteries, and in the later embryo, the ductus arteriosis. Aortic arches 5 and 6 together supply the trunk and tail with oxygenated blood.
UBERON:0003123
sixth aortic arch
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000353
aortic arch 6
The sixth in a series paired arterial connections between the dorsal and ventral aortae. Aortic arch 6 artery is paired and has a common trunk with aortic arch 5 from the ventral aorta, and drains via a separate branch of the lateral dorsal aorta. It forms part of the pulmonary arteries, and in the later embryo, the ductus arteriosis. Aortic arches 5 and 6 together supply the trunk and tail with oxygenated blood.
ISBN:0023771100
One of three branches of the internal carotid artery, the palatine artery supplies the mouth region.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000354
posterior palatine artery
One of three branches of the internal carotid artery, the palatine artery supplies the mouth region.
PMID:12606281
The fourth in a series of paired arterial connections between the dorsal and ventral aortae, it lies within the 4th branchial arch. The paired aortic arch 4 arteries branch directly from the ventral aorta to the lateral dorsal aorta, and are retained as the branchial arteries providing circulation through the gills in the adult.
UBERON:0003121
fourth aortic arch
xenopus_anatomy
systemic arch
XAO:0000355
aortic arch 4
The fourth in a series of paired arterial connections between the dorsal and ventral aortae, it lies within the 4th branchial arch. The paired aortic arch 4 arteries branch directly from the ventral aorta to the lateral dorsal aorta, and are retained as the branchial arteries providing circulation through the gills in the adult.
ISBN:0023771100
Simple squamous epithelium that lines blood and lymphatic vessels and the heart.
UBERON:0004852
xenopus_anatomy
vascular endothelia
XAO:0000356
vascular endothelium
Simple squamous epithelium that lines blood and lymphatic vessels and the heart.
ZFA:0001639
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
vascular endothelia
The thin layer of cells that lines the interior surface of blood vessels, forming an interface between circulating blood in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall.
UBERON:0001917
xenopus_anatomy
endothelium of artery
XAO:0000357
arterial endothelium
The thin layer of cells that lines the interior surface of blood vessels, forming an interface between circulating blood in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall.
Xenbase:Staff
Simple squamous epithelium that lines the veins.
UBERON:0001919
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000358
venous endothelium
Simple squamous epithelium that lines the veins.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The blood vessel that bifurcates from the aorta, and supplies the abdominal and pelvic regions.
UBERON:0005609
common iliac artery
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000361
arteria iliaca communis
The blood vessel that bifurcates from the aorta, and supplies the abdominal and pelvic regions.
ISBN:0070179778
Artery consisting of many branches which supply blood to various organs in the viscus. One of the major blood vessels, branching off the dorsal aorta and supplying the embryonic foregut organs: liver, stomach, intestine, spleen and pancreas.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000362
coeliaco-mesenteric artery
Artery consisting of many branches which supply blood to various organs in the viscus. One of the major blood vessels, branching off the dorsal aorta and supplying the embryonic foregut organs: liver, stomach, intestine, spleen and pancreas.
AAO:0010499
ISBN:0070179778
One of paired arteries that extends dorsally from the systemic arch to supply the muscles of the jaw and back.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000363
occipitovertebral artery
One of paired arteries that extends dorsally from the systemic arch to supply the muscles of the jaw and back.
ISBN:0801836018
The posterior extension of the dorsal aorta to the tail region, which degenerates at metamorphosis.
UBERON:0003086
CA
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000364
caudal artery
The posterior extension of the dorsal aorta to the tail region, which degenerates at metamorphosis.
ISBN:0226557634
Artery that branches from either side of the dorsal aorta and delivers blood to the musculature of the shoulder region.
UBERON:0001533
subclavian artery
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000365
arteria subclavia
Artery that branches from either side of the dorsal aorta and delivers blood to the musculature of the shoulder region.
ISBN:0070179778
One of the major arteries of the head, it is the cranial continuation of the aortic arches and the dorsal aorta. It curves ventrally before resuming a dorsal course as it enters the head proper, and it lies ventral to the internal jugular vein. The internal carotid artery gives off palatine, ophthalmic, and cerebral branches by NF stage 41.
UBERON:0001532
ICA
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000366
internal carotid artery
One of the major arteries of the head, it is the cranial continuation of the aortic arches and the dorsal aorta. It curves ventrally before resuming a dorsal course as it enters the head proper, and it lies ventral to the internal jugular vein. The internal carotid artery gives off palatine, ophthalmic, and cerebral branches by NF stage 41.
PMID:12606281
The anterior continuation of the internal carotid artery, which gives off the nasociliary artery anterior to the eye.
UBERON:0004449
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000367
cerebral artery
The anterior continuation of the internal carotid artery, which gives off the nasociliary artery anterior to the eye.
PMID:12606281
A branch of the internal carotid artery that delivers blood to the eye. Together with the opthalmic vein, it forms a double ring encircling the eye and retina. It enters the eye obliquely by crossing over the ophthalmic vein and the internal jugular vein.
UBERON:0001619
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000368
ophthalmic artery
A branch of the internal carotid artery that delivers blood to the eye. Together with the opthalmic vein, it forms a double ring encircling the eye and retina. It enters the eye obliquely by crossing over the ophthalmic vein and the internal jugular vein.
PMID:12606281
One of three branches of the internal carotid artery, it supplies the mouth region.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000369
anterior palatine artery
One of three branches of the internal carotid artery, it supplies the mouth region.
PMID:12606281
The artery that supplies the network of blood vessels (the mesentry) to the large intestine.
UBERON:0005616
posterior mesenteric artery
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000370
arteria mesenterica posterior
The artery that supplies the network of blood vessels (the mesentry) to the large intestine.
ISBN:0070179778
The rightmost of the two bilaterally symmetrical lymph hearts that can be seen adjacent to somites 3 and 4 by NF stage 40, and can be seen beating by NF stage 43. Lymph hearts are pulsatile organs, present in lower vertebrates, that function to propel lymph into the venous system.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000371
right lymph heart
The rightmost of the two bilaterally symmetrical lymph hearts that can be seen adjacent to somites 3 and 4 by NF stage 40, and can be seen beating by NF stage 43. Lymph hearts are pulsatile organs, present in lower vertebrates, that function to propel lymph into the venous system.
PMID:12606281
PMID:20067786
The leftmost of the two lymph hearts, pulsatile organs that are present in lower vertebrates and function to propel lymph into the venous system. Two bilaterally symmetrical lymph hearts can be seen adjacent to the somites 3 and 4 by NF stage 40, and can be seen beating by NF stage 43.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000372
left lymph heart
The leftmost of the two lymph hearts, pulsatile organs that are present in lower vertebrates and function to propel lymph into the venous system. Two bilaterally symmetrical lymph hearts can be seen adjacent to the somites 3 and 4 by NF stage 40, and can be seen beating by NF stage 43.
PMID:12606281
PMID:20067786
Bilaterally paired longitudinal vein; the anterior cardinal returns blood from the head, and the posterior cardinal returns it from the trunk; these two vessels join together on each side as the common cardinal vein, also known as the duct of Cuvier that leads to the heart's sinus venosus.
UBERON:0002064
xenopus_anatomy
common cardinal vein
XAO:0000373
duct of Cuvier
Bilaterally paired longitudinal vein; the anterior cardinal returns blood from the head, and the posterior cardinal returns it from the trunk; these two vessels join together on each side as the common cardinal vein, also known as the duct of Cuvier that leads to the heart's sinus venosus.
ZFA:0000186
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Large subdermal lymph-containing space located dorsally near the last vertebrae.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000374
dorsal lymph space
Large subdermal lymph-containing space located dorsally near the last vertebrae.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
A vessel that contains or conveys lymph.
UBERON:0001473
xenopus_anatomy
lymphatic vessel
XAO:0000375
lymph vessel
A vessel that contains or conveys lymph.
AAO:0011005
Any of the veins in the embryo that return blood from the yolk sac to the heart or later to the portal vein.
UBERON:0005487
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000376
omphalomesenteric vein
Any of the veins in the embryo that return blood from the yolk sac to the heart or later to the portal vein.
http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/omphalomesenteric+vein
The smallest of the blood vessels, parts of the microcirculation, of the liver.
liver capillary
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000377
capillary system of liver
The smallest of the blood vessels, parts of the microcirculation, of the liver.
Xenbase:Staff
Ventrolateral component of the external jugular vein.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000378
musculoabdominal vein
Ventrolateral component of the external jugular vein.
PMID:12606281
One of the bilateral pairs of vessels clearly seen on the ventral surface of the head, running between the heart and the tip of the jaw, and draining the filter apparatus. This vein is more developed by NF stage 45, when it crosses the head dorsolaterally to drain into the Duct of Cuvier and pronephric sinus.
UBERON:0001101
external jugular
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000379
external jugular vein
One of the bilateral pairs of vessels clearly seen on the ventral surface of the head, running between the heart and the tip of the jaw, and draining the filter apparatus. This vein is more developed by NF stage 45, when it crosses the head dorsolaterally to drain into the Duct of Cuvier and pronephric sinus.
PMID:12606281
Vein that first appears as disconnected portions lateral to the Wolffian ducts at NF stage 44, gradually becoming continuous. They come into communication with the medial postcardinals at the kidney sinus.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000380
lateral postcardinal vein
Vein that first appears as disconnected portions lateral to the Wolffian ducts at NF stage 44, gradually becoming continuous. They come into communication with the medial postcardinals at the kidney sinus.
ISBN:0815318960
Sinus that surrounds the mesonephric tubules and puts lateral and medial postcardinal veins into communication with each other.
UBERON:0006196
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000381
mesonephric sinus
Sinus that surrounds the mesonephric tubules and puts lateral and medial postcardinal veins into communication with each other.
ISBN:0815318960
The main dorsal head vein, it drains into the Duct of Cuvier, and collects blood from the dorsal jaw region, cerebral veins, the ophthalmic vein and the short pharyngeal vein. It forms loop around the olfactory bulb by NF stage 43.
UBERON:0001586
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000382
internal jugular vein
The main dorsal head vein, it drains into the Duct of Cuvier, and collects blood from the dorsal jaw region, cerebral veins, the ophthalmic vein and the short pharyngeal vein. It forms loop around the olfactory bulb by NF stage 43.
PMID:12606281
Vein that returns blood from the dorsal head and drains into the duct of Cuvier via the pronephric sinus.
UBERON:0003087
ACV
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000383
anterior cardinal vein
Vein that returns blood from the dorsal head and drains into the duct of Cuvier via the pronephric sinus.
PMID:12606281
Vein that gives rise to the interrenal vein and pronephric sinus.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000384
medial cardinal vein
Vein that gives rise to the interrenal vein and pronephric sinus.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
A system of vessels that initially swell from where the anterior and posterior cardinal veins meet before draining into the heart via the duct of Cuvier at NF stage 33 and 34, and then continue to narrow and fold into a characteristic S-shape by NF stage 37 and 38. It continues to loop on itself, at first a loose, then a dense knot of many vessels by NF stage 45.
UBERON:0006174
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000385
pronephric sinus
A system of vessels that initially swell from where the anterior and posterior cardinal veins meet before draining into the heart via the duct of Cuvier at NF stage 33 and 34, and then continue to narrow and fold into a characteristic S-shape by NF stage 37 and 38. It continues to loop on itself, at first a loose, then a dense knot of many vessels by NF stage 45.
PMID:12606281
Vein formed from fusion of the posterior cardinal veins and that extends caudally.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000386
interrenal vein
Vein formed from fusion of the posterior cardinal veins and that extends caudally.
ISBN:0226557626
Vein that carries blood away from the liver.
UBERON:0001143
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000387
hepatic vein
Vein that carries blood away from the liver.
ZFA:0000670
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Vein that carries de-oxygenated blood from the posterior part of the body to the sinus venosus.
UBERON:0001072
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000388
posterior vena cava
Vein that carries de-oxygenated blood from the posterior part of the body to the sinus venosus.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
One of the veins of the alimentary system. The subintestinal vein is on the right side of the gut and drains the gastric vein on its right side by NF stage 43. The gastric veins carry blood low in oxygen from the surface of the stomach, draining into the left omphalomesenteric vein.
UBERON:0004450
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000389
gastric vein
One of the veins of the alimentary system. The subintestinal vein is on the right side of the gut and drains the gastric vein on its right side by NF stage 43. The gastric veins carry blood low in oxygen from the surface of the stomach, draining into the left omphalomesenteric vein.
ISBN:0226557634
PMID:12606281
Vein in the tail returning blood from the trunk and tail to the heart, leading directly into the posterior cardinal vein in the posterior trunk.
UBERON:0003088
CV
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000390
caudal vein
Vein in the tail returning blood from the trunk and tail to the heart, leading directly into the posterior cardinal vein in the posterior trunk.
Xenbase:Staff
Vein that carries away fluid in the interstitial spaces.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000391
subinterstitial vein
Vein that carries away fluid in the interstitial spaces.
Xenbase:Staff
Vein that starts in capillaries of the alimentary canal and ends in capillaries of the liver.
UBERON:0002017
xenopus_anatomy
portal vein
XAO:0000392
hepatic portal vein
Vein that starts in capillaries of the alimentary canal and ends in capillaries of the liver.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Vein in the tail returning blood from the tail to the heart.
UBERON:0003481
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000393
tail vein
Vein in the tail returning blood from the tail to the heart.
ZFA:0000180
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Any of the veins that collect blood from the lungs and some small vesicles received from the esophagus.
UBERON:0002016
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000394
pulmonary vein
Any of the veins that collect blood from the lungs and some small vesicles received from the esophagus.
AAO:0010521
Vein in the posterior region that drains the ventral abdominal wall.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000395
medial abdominal vein
Vein in the posterior region that drains the ventral abdominal wall.
ISBN:0815318960
Transient occipital somite that exists from NF stages 17 to 26 only.
somite W
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000396
head somite 1
Transient occipital somite that exists from NF stages 17 to 26 only.
Xenbase:Staff
somite W
PMID:2769206
Somitic compartment that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
UBERON:0003089
xenopus_anatomy
sclerotomes
XAO:0000397
sclerotome
Somitic compartment that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
Xenbase:Staff
sclerotomes
An elongated fibroblast type cell, the cytoplasm of which is stretched between the collagen fibres of the tendon.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000399
tendon fibroblast
An elongated fibroblast type cell, the cytoplasm of which is stretched between the collagen fibres of the tendon.
Wikipedia:Tendon_cell
Sclerotome cells of the cartilage fate.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000401
sclerotomal cartilage
Sclerotome cells of the cartilage fate.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Transient occipital somite that exists from NF stages 18 to 29 only.
somite X
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000403
head somite 2
Transient occipital somite that exists from NF stages 18 to 29 only.
Xenbase:Staff
somite X
PMID:2769206
Transient occipital somite that exists from NF stages 18 to 29/30 only.
somite Y
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000404
head somite 3
Transient occipital somite that exists from NF stages 18 to 29/30 only.
Xenbase:Staff
somite Y
PMID:2769206
Transient occipital somite that exists from NF stages 19 to late 30's.
somite Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000405
head somite 4
Transient occipital somite that exists from NF stages 19 to late 30's.
Xenbase:Staff
somite Z
PMID:2769206
Trunk somite that is initially the fifth somite, first forming around NF stage 19 and becoming more anteriorly positioned as the head somites degenerate. It is the most anterior somite by NF stage 45 and is adjacent to the otic vesicle.
somite 1
xenopus_anatomy
fifth somite
XAO:0000406
trunk somite 1
Trunk somite that is initially the fifth somite, first forming around NF stage 19 and becoming more anteriorly positioned as the head somites degenerate. It is the most anterior somite by NF stage 45 and is adjacent to the otic vesicle.
ISBN:0815318960
Trunk somite that is initially the sixth somite and later becomes the secondmost anterior somite.
somite 2
xenopus_anatomy
sixth somite
XAO:0000407
trunk somite 2
Trunk somite that is initially the sixth somite and later becomes the secondmost anterior somite.
ISBN:0815318960
The 1st somite located posterior to the head.
somite 3
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000408
trunk somite 3
The 1st somite located posterior to the head.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The 2nd somite located posterior to the head.
somite 4
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000409
trunk somite 4
The 2nd somite located posterior to the head.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The 3rd somite located posterior to the head.
somite 5
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000410
trunk somite 5
The 3rd somite located posterior to the head.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The 4th somite located posterior to the head.
somite 6
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000411
trunk somite 6
The 4th somite located posterior to the head.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The 5th somite located posterior to the head.
somite 7
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000412
trunk somite 7
The 5th somite located posterior to the head.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Mesenchymal cells that break from the sclerotome. Such cells migrate from the somite to surround the notochord.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000414
sclerotomal mesenchyme
Mesenchymal cells that break from the sclerotome. Such cells migrate from the somite to surround the notochord.
ISBN:0123190606
Mesenchymal covering surrounding the notochord, derived from sclerotomal mesenchyme.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000415
notochordal sheath
Mesenchymal covering surrounding the notochord, derived from sclerotomal mesenchyme.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The 6th somite located posterior to the head.
somite 8
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000416
trunk somite 8
The 6th somite located posterior to the head.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The 7th somite located posterior to the head.
somite 9
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000417
trunk somite 9
The 7th somite located posterior to the head.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The 8th somite located posterior to the head.
somite 10
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000418
trunk somite 10
The 8th somite located posterior to the head.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The 9th somite located posterior to the head.
somite 11
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000419
trunk somite 11
The 9th somite located posterior to the head.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The 10th somite located posterior to the head.
somite 12
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000420
trunk somite 12
The 10th somite located posterior to the head.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The 11th somite located posterior to the head.
somite 13
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000421
trunk somite 13
The 11th somite located posterior to the head.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The 12th somite located posterior to the head. This somite is resorbed at metamorphosis.
somite 14
trunk somite 14
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000422
tail somite 14
The 12th somite located posterior to the head. This somite is resorbed at metamorphosis.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The 13th somite located posterior to the head. This somite is resorbed at metamorphosis.
somite 15
trunk somite 15
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000423
tail somite 15
The 13th somite located posterior to the head. This somite is resorbed at metamorphosis.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The 14th somite located posterior to the head. This somite forms at NF stage 28, by which time head somite 1 has degenerated, and it is resorbed at metamorphosis.
somite 16
trunk somite 16
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000424
tail somite 16
The 14th somite located posterior to the head. This somite forms at NF stage 28, by which time head somite 1 has degenerated, and it is resorbed at metamorphosis.
Xenbase:Staff
The 15th somite located posterior to the head. This somite is resorbed at metamorphosis.
somite 17
trunk somite 17
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000425
tail somite 17
The 15th somite located posterior to the head. This somite is resorbed at metamorphosis.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Cranial nerve that supplies the nasal organ. It leaves the olfactory lobe, passes through the fenestra olfactoria into the nasal capsule, and there divides into the ramus profundus and ramus dorsalis.
UBERON:0001579
cranial nerve I
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000426
olfactory nerve
Cranial nerve that supplies the nasal organ. It leaves the olfactory lobe, passes through the fenestra olfactoria into the nasal capsule, and there divides into the ramus profundus and ramus dorsalis.
ISBN:0471209627
ISBN:080184780X
Sensory ganglion of the trigeminal nerve.
UBERON:0001675
xenopus_anatomy
gasserian ganglia
XAO:0000427
gasserian ganglion
Sensory ganglion of the trigeminal nerve.
Wikipedia:Trigeminal_ganglion
gasserian ganglia
A prominent collection of touch-sensory neurons of the trigeminal or fifth cranial nerve, positioned beside the brain between the eye and the ear.
UBERON:0001675
xenopus_anatomy
trigeminal ganglia
trigeminus ganglion
XAO:0000428
trigeminal ganglion
A prominent collection of touch-sensory neurons of the trigeminal or fifth cranial nerve, positioned beside the brain between the eye and the ear.
UBERON:0001675
trigeminal ganglia
Any of the major paired nerves of the head or cephalic region. Twelve pairs of cranial nerves exit/enter the cranium through openings in the skull. The nerves contain efferent axons with motor and glandular functions, as well as afferent axons from cranial ganglia with sensory functions. They are numbered in a rostral to caudal sequence, with the exception of the lateral line nerves.
XAO:0003089
UBERON:0001785
xenopus_anatomy
cephalic nerve
cranial nerves
XAO:0000429
cranial nerve
Any of the major paired nerves of the head or cephalic region. Twelve pairs of cranial nerves exit/enter the cranium through openings in the skull. The nerves contain efferent axons with motor and glandular functions, as well as afferent axons from cranial ganglia with sensory functions. They are numbered in a rostral to caudal sequence, with the exception of the lateral line nerves.
Xenbase:Staff
A depression in the roof of the developing mouth in front of the buccopharyngeal membrane. It gives rise to the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis), a part of the endocrine system.
UBERON:0005356
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000430
Rathke's pouch
A depression in the roof of the developing mouth in front of the buccopharyngeal membrane. It gives rise to the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis), a part of the endocrine system.
UBERON:0005356
Each of a set of hard, bony enamel-coated structures in the jaws, used for biting.
dentition
UBERON:0001091
xenopus_anatomy
teeth
XAO:0000431
tooth
Each of a set of hard, bony enamel-coated structures in the jaws, used for biting.
AEO:0000220
teeth
Xenopus developmental stage that corresponds to the end of the animal's life.
UBERON:0000071
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:0000437
death
Xenopus developmental stage that corresponds to the end of the animal's life.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The structure that enables tadpoles, which are suspension feeders, to trap food particles. The palatoquadrate, ceratohyal and the connecting muscles are responsible for the irrigation and ventilation of the filter apparatus.
filter apparatus
peribranchial chamber
xenopus_anatomy
coelom
coelomic filter chamber
XAO:0000439
filter chamber
The structure that enables tadpoles, which are suspension feeders, to trap food particles. The palatoquadrate, ceratohyal and the connecting muscles are responsible for the irrigation and ventilation of the filter apparatus.
Xenbase:Staff
Thickened placodal areas located anterior and posterior to the otic vesicle. There are 5 distinct lateral line placodes, each giving rise to a single lateral line nerve that will innervate lateral line hair cells and convey information on motion to the adjacent hindbrain.
lateral line
UBERON:0009128
xenopus_anatomy
lateral line placodes
XAO:0000440
lateral line placode
Thickened placodal areas located anterior and posterior to the otic vesicle. There are 5 distinct lateral line placodes, each giving rise to a single lateral line nerve that will innervate lateral line hair cells and convey information on motion to the adjacent hindbrain.
ISBN:0878933840
lateral line placodes
Lateral line primordium that migrates ventrad along the posterior and ventral margin of the eye.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000441
infraorbital lateral line primordium
Lateral line primordium that migrates ventrad along the posterior and ventral margin of the eye.
PMID:2652193
Lateral line situated along the dorsal margin of the eye.
UBERON:0003090
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000442
supraorbital lateral line
Lateral line situated along the dorsal margin of the eye.
PMID:2652193
A lateral line that is present on the trunk of the organism.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000443
trunk lateral line
A lateral line that is present on the trunk of the organism.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The initial thyroid precursor, which arises from the ventral aspect of the second pharyngeal pouch.
thyroid
UBERON:0003091
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000444
thyroid primordium
The initial thyroid precursor, which arises from the ventral aspect of the second pharyngeal pouch.
UBERON:0003091
The organ used for chemoreception.
UBERON:0001727
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000445
taste bud
The organ used for chemoreception.
AAO:0010573
The movable, muscular organ on the floor of the mouth.
UBERON:0001723
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000446
tongue
The movable, muscular organ on the floor of the mouth.
UBERON:0001723
The most anterior, or first, pharygeal/branchial arch, composed of the mandibular process, forming the posterior border of the stomodeum, and the maxillary process anterior to the stomodeum, containing the first aortic arch.
UBERON:0003114
first branchial arch
xenopus_anatomy
third visceral arch
XAO:0000447
branchial arch 1
The most anterior, or first, pharygeal/branchial arch, composed of the mandibular process, forming the posterior border of the stomodeum, and the maxillary process anterior to the stomodeum, containing the first aortic arch.
ISBN:0023771100
A swelling from the 3rd visceral arch at NF stage 35 and 36, which co-occurs with a depression between the 3rd and 6th, forming the external gills by NF stage 39.
gill
UBERON:0008894
xenopus_anatomy
external gill anlage
XAO:0000448
gill primordium
A swelling from the 3rd visceral arch at NF stage 35 and 36, which co-occurs with a depression between the 3rd and 6th, forming the external gills by NF stage 39.
Xenbase:Staff
The second pharyngeal/branchial arch; it arises as a thickening of the pharygeal wall between the first and second branchial clefts; contains the second aortic arch; forms part of the hyoid bone, tongue and facial musculature.
UBERON:0003115
second branchial arch
xenopus_anatomy
fourth visceral arch
XAO:0000449
branchial arch 2
The second pharyngeal/branchial arch; it arises as a thickening of the pharygeal wall between the first and second branchial clefts; contains the second aortic arch; forms part of the hyoid bone, tongue and facial musculature.
ISBN:0023771100
The third in a series of paired bars in the wall of the pharynx, within which are formed the third aortic arch and the cartilage bar of the visceral skeleton, and forms and supports the gills.
UBERON:0003116
third branchial arch
xenopus_anatomy
fifth visceral arch
XAO:0000451
branchial arch 3
The third in a series of paired bars in the wall of the pharynx, within which are formed the third aortic arch and the cartilage bar of the visceral skeleton, and forms and supports the gills.
ISBN:0023771100
Anatomical structure that includes small, calcitonin producing glands originating as epithelial growths from the sixth pharyngeal pouch.
UBERON:0003092
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000452
ultimobranchial body
Anatomical structure that includes small, calcitonin producing glands originating as epithelial growths from the sixth pharyngeal pouch.
AAO:0010547
The fourth in a series of paired bars in the wall of the pharynx, within which are formed the fourth aortic arch and the cartilage bar of the visceral skeleton; forms and supports the gills.
UBERON:0003117
fourth branchial arch
xenopus_anatomy
sixth visceral arch
XAO:0000453
branchial arch 4
The fourth in a series of paired bars in the wall of the pharynx, within which are formed the fourth aortic arch and the cartilage bar of the visceral skeleton; forms and supports the gills.
ISBN:0023771100
The functional units of the liver including the lobules.
UBERON:0001280
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000454
liver parenchyme
The functional units of the liver including the lobules.
UBERON:0001280
Hollow tree organ, the organ parts of which consist of the bile ducts.
UBERON:0001173
xenopus_anatomy
biliary tract
XAO:0000455
biliary tree
Hollow tree organ, the organ parts of which consist of the bile ducts.
UBERON:0001173
Sphincter muscle that is part of the pyloric region of the stomach.
UBERON:0001202
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000457
pyloric sphincter
Sphincter muscle that is part of the pyloric region of the stomach.
UBERON:0001202
A short lateral line that extends from the ear in a posterior-dorsal direction.
UBERON:0003093
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000458
occipital lateral line
A short lateral line that extends from the ear in a posterior-dorsal direction.
PMID:2652193
Lateral line situated along the posterior and ventral margin of the eye.
UBERON:0003094
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000459
infraorbital lateral line
Lateral line situated along the posterior and ventral margin of the eye.
PMID:2652193
Lateral line complex that radiates on the ventral side of the head from a point between the eye and the base of the larval tentacle.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000460
hyomandibular lateral line
Lateral line complex that radiates on the ventral side of the head from a point between the eye and the base of the larval tentacle.
PMID:2652193
Thickened plate of ectoderm that contributes to the formation of the dorsal, middle, or ventral lateral line.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000461
trunk placode
Thickened plate of ectoderm that contributes to the formation of the dorsal, middle, or ventral lateral line.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The dorsal-most part of the sensory system on the surface of the tadpole consisting of small sensory patches (neuromasts) distributed in discrete lines over the body surface. The lateral line system is stimulated by local water displacements and vibrations, and detects propulsion of the tadpole through the water, as well as facilitating schooling, prey capture, and predator and obstacle avoidance.
UBERON:0003095
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000462
dorsal lateral line
The dorsal-most part of the sensory system on the surface of the tadpole consisting of small sensory patches (neuromasts) distributed in discrete lines over the body surface. The lateral line system is stimulated by local water displacements and vibrations, and detects propulsion of the tadpole through the water, as well as facilitating schooling, prey capture, and predator and obstacle avoidance.
Xenbase:Staff
A lateral line that extends from the ear in a posterior direction between the upper and lower lateral lines.
UBERON:0003096
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000463
middle lateral line
A lateral line that extends from the ear in a posterior direction between the upper and lower lateral lines.
PMID:2652193
Ventrally located lateral line that runs over the abdomen.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000464
ventral lateral line
Ventrally located lateral line that runs over the abdomen.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Cranial nerve of the caudal lateral line that enters the brain between cranial nerves VIII and IX; contains afferents and sensory efferents to the posterior lateral line ganglion and middle ganglion. Fibers from the posterior lateral line ganglion innervate the occipital dorsal lateral line and trunk lateral lines.
UBERON:0006334
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000465
caudal lateral line
Cranial nerve of the caudal lateral line that enters the brain between cranial nerves VIII and IX; contains afferents and sensory efferents to the posterior lateral line ganglion and middle ganglion. Fibers from the posterior lateral line ganglion innervate the occipital dorsal lateral line and trunk lateral lines.
Xenbase:Staff
The pancreatic bud that gives rise to the accessory pancreatic duct.
pancreas
UBERON:0003923
primary pancreatic bud
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000467
dorsal pancreatic bud
The pancreatic bud that gives rise to the accessory pancreatic duct.
Xenbase:Staff
The dorsal part of the tail fin.
UBERON:0003097
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000469
dorsal tail fin
The dorsal part of the tail fin.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Any of the large number of glands of the larval skin, particularly common in the fins and adjacent skin of the trunk; also formed in the former frontal gland area on the upper jaw.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000470
unicellular gland
Any of the large number of glands of the larval skin, particularly common in the fins and adjacent skin of the trunk; also formed in the former frontal gland area on the upper jaw.
ISBN:0815318960
A cell type that is derived from the neural crest and gives pigmentation to skin cells. Their predominantly red-yellow hue depends on the pattern of fat-soluble carotenoids (obtained from the diet) and pteridines (synthesized from the cell). They are rarely found in pre-metamorphic larvae.
CL:0000430
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000471
xanthophore
A cell type that is derived from the neural crest and gives pigmentation to skin cells. Their predominantly red-yellow hue depends on the pattern of fat-soluble carotenoids (obtained from the diet) and pteridines (synthesized from the cell). They are rarely found in pre-metamorphic larvae.
Xenbase:Staff
A pigment cell that is derived from the neural crest and gives silver, gold, or iridescent color to skin cells, classified based on their iridescent hue which arises from purine-containing reflecting platelets called iridisomes.
CL:0000431
xenopus_anatomy
guanophore
XAO:0000472
iridophore
A pigment cell that is derived from the neural crest and gives silver, gold, or iridescent color to skin cells, classified based on their iridescent hue which arises from purine-containing reflecting platelets called iridisomes.
Xenbase:Staff
Part of the eye that forms during the transition from optic vesicle to optic cup as a groove at the lateroventral edge of the optic vesicle, which expands medially. The ventral edges of the optic vesicle then wrap around the fissure and fuse with one another, ultimately leading to a channel through which blood vessels and optic nerve fibres pass.
UBERON:0005412
xenopus_anatomy
optic fissure
ventral choroidal fissure
XAO:0000474
choroid fissure
Part of the eye that forms during the transition from optic vesicle to optic cup as a groove at the lateroventral edge of the optic vesicle, which expands medially. The ventral edges of the optic vesicle then wrap around the fissure and fuse with one another, ultimately leading to a channel through which blood vessels and optic nerve fibres pass.
PMID:24478172
Neural tissue comprising the proximal part of either of the optic vesicles as they project towards the sides of the head; it remains narrow and constitutes the optic stalk (the peripheral part of each expands to form a hollow bulb).
UBERON:0003098
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0000475
optic stalk
Neural tissue comprising the proximal part of either of the optic vesicles as they project towards the sides of the head; it remains narrow and constitutes the optic stalk (the peripheral part of each expands to form a hollow bulb).
UBERON:0003098
Xenbase:Staff
The most anterior of 5 distinct and partially overlapping functional domains of the premigratory neural crest, which are intially part of the neural epithelium. CNC cells migrate through the extracelluar matrix in 4 highly conserved streams: the mandibular crest, hyoid crest, anterior branchial crest and the posterior branchial crest.
UBERON:0003099
CNC
xenopus_anatomy
cephalic neural crest
head crest
XAO:0001001
cranial neural crest
The most anterior of 5 distinct and partially overlapping functional domains of the premigratory neural crest, which are intially part of the neural epithelium. CNC cells migrate through the extracelluar matrix in 4 highly conserved streams: the mandibular crest, hyoid crest, anterior branchial crest and the posterior branchial crest.
Xenbase:Staff
Anterior endoderm that develops into the lung buds, and in turn, the lungs. A pair of lateral diverticula just over the liver rudiment is formed by the floor of the foregut just anterior to the liver diverticulum.
lung
UBERON:0005597
xenopus_anatomy
lateral diverticula
XAO:0001002
lung primordium
Anterior endoderm that develops into the lung buds, and in turn, the lungs. A pair of lateral diverticula just over the liver rudiment is formed by the floor of the foregut just anterior to the liver diverticulum.
ISBN:0815318960
Xenbase:Staff
Anatomical system that has as its parts the blood and lymph vessels.
UBERON:0004535
vascular system
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0001010
circulatory system
Anatomical system that has as its parts the blood and lymph vessels.
Xenbase:Staff
Any of the vessels through which blood circulates in the body.
UBERON:0001981
xenopus_anatomy
blood vessels
vasculature
XAO:0001011
blood vessel
Any of the vessels through which blood circulates in the body.
BTO:0001102
blood vessels
Structure that is part of the pineal system, is located in the skin on the dorsal surface of the head, and is exposed continuously to ambient illumination.
xenopus_anatomy
frontal organ
XAO:0001012
Stirnorgan
Structure that is part of the pineal system, is located in the skin on the dorsal surface of the head, and is exposed continuously to ambient illumination.
DOI:10.1007/BF00663609
Muscle tissue forming the facial muscles, a group of striated muscles innervated by the facial nerves.
UBERON:0001577
facial muscle
facial muscles
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0001013
musculature of face
Muscle tissue forming the facial muscles, a group of striated muscles innervated by the facial nerves.
Xenbase:Staff
facial muscles
A pigment cell that is derived from the neural crest, contains melanin (a brownish-black pigment), and is patchily distributed in the epidermis of the tadpole.
CL:0000148
xenopus_anatomy
melanocyte
XAO:0001014
General convention refers to "melanophores" in lower vertebrates and "melonocytes" in amniotes but there is little if any difference between cell types.
melanophore
A pigment cell that is derived from the neural crest, contains melanin (a brownish-black pigment), and is patchily distributed in the epidermis of the tadpole.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-4588
Paired outgrowths of the cloaca that link the pronephric ducts to the exterior of the organism.
UBERON:0006172
xenopus_anatomy
rectal diverticula
XAO:0001015
rectal diverticulum
Paired outgrowths of the cloaca that link the pronephric ducts to the exterior of the organism.
UBERON:0006172
Xenbase:Staff
rectal diverticula
The myoblast that forms the muscles of the anterior abdominal walls.
xenopus_anatomy
abdominal musculature
XAO:0001016
abdominal myoblast
The myoblast that forms the muscles of the anterior abdominal walls.
AAO:0010314
Portion of tissue that consists of mesodermally derived cells and intercellular matrix composed of protein fibers and carbohydrates, which supports, ensheathes and binds together other tissues.
UBERON:0002384
portion of connective tissue
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0001017
connective tissue
Portion of tissue that consists of mesodermally derived cells and intercellular matrix composed of protein fibers and carbohydrates, which supports, ensheathes and binds together other tissues.
ZFA:0001632
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The protrusion of mesenchymal tissue of the anterior cardinal vein which forms lymph sacs.
xenopus_anatomy
rostral lymph sac
XAO:0001018
anterior lymph sac
The protrusion of mesenchymal tissue of the anterior cardinal vein which forms lymph sacs.
PMID:17062017
Inward fold on the surface of the embryonic ectoderm that develops into the common cloacal passage. The most posterior section of the larval alimentary system.
UBERON:0000931
proctodaeum
xenopus_anatomy
anus
anus porus
vent
XAO:0001019
proctodeum
Inward fold on the surface of the embryonic ectoderm that develops into the common cloacal passage. The most posterior section of the larval alimentary system.
Xenbase:Staff
ZFA:0000066
Notochordal membrane covering derived from notochordal epithelium. Its first indication is at NF stage 24, and it is a distinct membrane by NF stage 28.
UBERON:0013655
xenopus_anatomy
notochordal sheath
XAO:0001020
elastica externa
Notochordal membrane covering derived from notochordal epithelium. Its first indication is at NF stage 24, and it is a distinct membrane by NF stage 28.
ISBN:0815318960
Outer layer of cells of the differentiating notochord, which give rise to the elastica externa and interna.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0001021
notochordal epithelium
Outer layer of cells of the differentiating notochord, which give rise to the elastica externa and interna.
DOI:10.1242/dev.1.4.411
One of two pancreatic primordia that give rise to a ventral pancreatic bud.
pancreas
UBERON:0003921
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0001101
first pancreatic bud
One of two pancreatic primordia that give rise to a ventral pancreatic bud.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Second of two pancreatic primordia that give rise to a ventral pancreatic bud.
pancreas
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0001102
second pancreatic bud
Second of two pancreatic primordia that give rise to a ventral pancreatic bud.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Either of the two ventral pancreas rudiments that join and fuse with the right end of the dorsal pancreatic rudiment.
pancreas
UBERON:0003924
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0001103
ventral pancreatic bud
Either of the two ventral pancreas rudiments that join and fuse with the right end of the dorsal pancreatic rudiment.
ISBN:0815318960
Transient embryonic organ that serves as a kidney, providing osmoregulation during early developmental stages, and then degenerates during metamorphosis (starting at NF stage 53) as the mesonephric kidney develops and becomes functional.
UBERON:0002120
xenopus_anatomy
head kidney
pronephros
vorniere
XAO:0002000
pronephric kidney
Transient embryonic organ that serves as a kidney, providing osmoregulation during early developmental stages, and then degenerates during metamorphosis (starting at NF stage 53) as the mesonephric kidney develops and becomes functional.
Xenbase:Staff
Material anatomical entity that has inherent 3D shape and is generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome.
CARO:0000003
UBERON:0000061
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003000
anatomical structure
Material anatomical entity that has inherent 3D shape and is generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome.
CARO:0000003
Anatomical structure consisting of at least two non-overlapping organs, multi-tissue aggregates or portion of tissues or cells of different types that does not constitute an organism, organ, multi-tissue aggregate, or portion of tissue.
CARO:0000054
UBERON:0000480
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003001
anatomical group
Anatomical structure consisting of at least two non-overlapping organs, multi-tissue aggregates or portion of tissues or cells of different types that does not constitute an organism, organ, multi-tissue aggregate, or portion of tissue.
CARO:0000054
Anatomical group that has as its parts distinct anatomical structures interconnected by anatomical structures at a lower level of granularity.
CARO:0000011
UBERON:0000467
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003002
anatomical system
Anatomical group that has as its parts distinct anatomical structures interconnected by anatomical structures at a lower level of granularity.
CARO:0000011
Unspecified Xenopus anatomical entity.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003003
unspecified
Unspecified Xenopus anatomical entity.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Anatomical structure that is an individual member of Xenopus laevis.
ubiquitous
CARO:0000012
UBERON:0000468
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003004
whole organism
Anatomical structure that is an individual member of Xenopus laevis.
CARO:0000012
Gonochoristic organism that can produce female gametes.
CARO:0000028
UBERON:0003100
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003005
female organism
Gonochoristic organism that can produce female gametes.
CARO:0000028
Gonochoristic organism that can produce male gametes.
CARO:0000027
UBERON:0003101
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003006
male organism
Gonochoristic organism that can produce male gametes.
CARO:0000027
An experimentally manipulated tissue or portion of the developing embryo, that can be culture alone (in vitro).
xenopus_anatomy_in_vitro
XAO:0003007
anatomical entity in vitro
An experimentally manipulated tissue or portion of the developing embryo, that can be culture alone (in vitro).
Xenbase:Staff
Ectoderm section that has been dissected from the embryo, and treated with activin, and maintained in vitro.
xenopus_anatomy_in_vitro
XAO:0003008
activin-induced ectoderm
Ectoderm section that has been dissected from the embryo, and treated with activin, and maintained in vitro.
PMID:14061885
NF stage 8 ectoderm of Xenopus laevis embryos that have been cut and disaggregated. The cells have been treated with activin at a concentration to induce endodermal tissue. Afterwards the reaggregated cells have been cultured until control sibling embryos reach stage 12/13.
xenopus_anatomy_in_vitro
XAO:0003009
disaggregated/reaggregated ectoderm treated with activin
NF stage 8 ectoderm of Xenopus laevis embryos that have been cut and disaggregated. The cells have been treated with activin at a concentration to induce endodermal tissue. Afterwards the reaggregated cells have been cultured until control sibling embryos reach stage 12/13.
NCBI:UniGene
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The main artery of the circulatory system which carries oxygenated blood from the heart to all the arteries of the body except those of the lungs.
UBERON:0000947
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003010
aorta
The main artery of the circulatory system which carries oxygenated blood from the heart to all the arteries of the body except those of the lungs.
AAO:0010213
A layer of cells produced during the process of gastrulation during the early development of the embryo, which is distinct from other such layers of cells, as an early step of cell differentiation. The types of germ layers are the endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm.
UBERON:0000923
xenopus_anatomy
embryonic germ layer
germ layer
XAO:0003011
primary germ layer
A layer of cells produced during the process of gastrulation during the early development of the embryo, which is distinct from other such layers of cells, as an early step of cell differentiation. The types of germ layers are the endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm.
BTO:0000556
Anatomical structure that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane.
CARO:0000013
CL:0000000
GO:0005623
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003012
cell
Anatomical structure that has as its parts a maximally connected cell compartment surrounded by a plasma membrane.
CARO:0000000
Anatomical structure that is a primary subdivision of the whole organism.
CARO:0000032
UBERON:0000475
xenopus_anatomy
body part
XAO:0003013
organism subdivision
Anatomical structure that is a primary subdivision of the whole organism.
CARO:0000032
Cell type that contains a deposition of coloring matter, the first of which differentiate during late tailbud stage, and that by NF stage 56 has produced a fully differentiated larval pigmentation pattern.
CL:0000147
xenopus_anatomy
chromatophore
XAO:0003014
pigment cell
Cell type that contains a deposition of coloring matter, the first of which differentiate during late tailbud stage, and that by NF stage 56 has produced a fully differentiated larval pigmentation pattern.
ISBN:0815318960
http://www.merriam-webster.com/medlineplus/pigment+cell
Embryonic (precursor) cell of the myogenic lineage that develops from the mesoderm.
CL:0000056
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003015
myoblast
Embryonic (precursor) cell of the myogenic lineage that develops from the mesoderm.
CL:0000056
An undifferentiated cell produced by early cleavages of the fertilized egg (zygote).
XAO:0003243
CL:0000353
blastoderm cell
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003016
blastomere
An undifferentiated cell produced by early cleavages of the fertilized egg (zygote).
CL:0000353
A connective tissue cell that secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.
CL:0000057
xenopus_anatomy
keratocyte
XAO:0003017
fibroblast
A connective tissue cell that secretes an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.
CL:0000057
A germ cell that is a primordial spermatocyte in a male and that develops into secondary spermatogonia by mitotic division.
xenopus_anatomy
primary spermatogonia
XAO:0003018
primary spermatogonium
A germ cell that is a primordial spermatocyte in a male and that develops into secondary spermatogonia by mitotic division.
ISSN:0289-0003
primary spermatogonia
The developing male gamete.
CL:0000017
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003019
spermatocyte
The developing male gamete.
Xenbase:Staff
A type of germ cell that results from the mitotic division of a primary spermatogonium.
xenopus_anatomy
secondary spermatogonia
XAO:0003020
secondary spermatogonium
A type of germ cell that results from the mitotic division of a primary spermatogonium.
ISSN:0289-0003
secondary spermatogonia
XAO:0005018
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003021
obsolete spinal cord neuron
true
Type of neuron that is a primary mechanosensory cell, with peripheral neurites innervating the skin with free nerve endings. It first appears in trunk levels at NF stage 33/34, and at NF stage 35/36 has somas that are the largest in the spinal cord. It forms a nearly continuous double row of cells along the cord's medial dorsal surface and contributes ascending and descending axons to the dorsal tract. It appears well back in the tail by NF stage 39, begins to decline at NF stage 50 and is few in number, with pycnotic nuclei, at NF stage 55.
CL:0000247
xenopus_anatomy
Rohon Beard cell
XAO:0003022
Rohon-Beard neuron
Type of neuron that is a primary mechanosensory cell, with peripheral neurites innervating the skin with free nerve endings. It first appears in trunk levels at NF stage 33/34, and at NF stage 35/36 has somas that are the largest in the spinal cord. It forms a nearly continuous double row of cells along the cord's medial dorsal surface and contributes ascending and descending axons to the dorsal tract. It appears well back in the tail by NF stage 39, begins to decline at NF stage 50 and is few in number, with pycnotic nuclei, at NF stage 55.
ISBN:0815318960
PMID:17506218
Cell that is the basic unit of nervous tissue, each consisting of a body, an axon, and dendrites, and the purpose of which is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system.
CL:0000540
xenopus_anatomy
nerve cell
XAO:0003023
neuron
Cell that is the basic unit of nervous tissue, each consisting of a body, an axon, and dendrites, and the purpose of which is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the nervous system.
CL:0000540
Organism subdivision that is the part of the body consisting of the cranial and pharyngeal regions.
UBERON:0000033
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003024
head
Organism subdivision that is the part of the body consisting of the cranial and pharyngeal regions.
AAO:0010335
Organism subdivision that is the part of the body posterior to the head and anterior to the tail.
UBERON:0002100
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003025
trunk
Organism subdivision that is the part of the body posterior to the head and anterior to the tail.
ZFA:0001115
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Organism subdivision that is the terminal, flexible posterior appendage of the larva. It is resorbed during metamorphosis beginning with degeneration of the notochord's distal tip at NF stage 61, followed by degeneration gradually extending to its more proximal regions and reaching its proximal end by NF stage 62. By NF stage 66 it exists only as a small dorsal swelling.
UBERON:0007812
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003026
tail
Organism subdivision that is the terminal, flexible posterior appendage of the larva. It is resorbed during metamorphosis beginning with degeneration of the notochord's distal tip at NF stage 61, followed by degeneration gradually extending to its more proximal regions and reaching its proximal end by NF stage 62. By NF stage 66 it exists only as a small dorsal swelling.
ISBN:0471209627
Wikipedia:Tail
Organism subdivision that has as its parts the jointed appendages used for locomotion and manipulation.
UBERON:0002101
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003027
limb
Organism subdivision that has as its parts the jointed appendages used for locomotion and manipulation.
Xenbase:Staff
Organism subdivision that is the collection of anatomical structures on the body surface.
UBERON:0003102
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003028
surface structure
Organism subdivision that is the collection of anatomical structures on the body surface.
ZFA:0000292
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Cavity in which food is initially ingested and generally contains teeth, tongue and glands.
UBERON:0000165
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003029
mouth
Cavity in which food is initially ingested and generally contains teeth, tongue and glands.
AAO:0010355
One of the pair of limbs that are situated anteriorly, develop in sacs that separate them from the gill chamber, are well-defined buds by NF stage 48, are innervated by NF stage 51, and are ossified by NF stage 59.
UBERON:0002102
anterior limb
fore limb
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003030
forelimb
One of the pair of limbs that are situated anteriorly, develop in sacs that separate them from the gill chamber, are well-defined buds by NF stage 48, are innervated by NF stage 51, and are ossified by NF stage 59.
BTO:0001729
ISBN:0471209627
One of the pair of limbs that are situated posteriorly, are evident as buds laterally by NF stage 47, and are innervated by NF stage 51.
UBERON:0002103
hind limb
posterior limb
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003031
hindlimb
One of the pair of limbs that are situated posteriorly, are evident as buds laterally by NF stage 47, and are innervated by NF stage 51.
ISBN:0471209627
One of several most distal parts of a limb.
UBERON:0002544
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003032
digit
One of several most distal parts of a limb.
UBERON:0002544
Surface structure that provides one of the small external openings of the head that give passage to air for breathing.
UBERON:0005928
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003033
nostril
Surface structure that provides one of the small external openings of the head that give passage to air for breathing.
UBERON:0005928
An internal organ of the body; especially: one (as the heart, liver, or intestine) located in the great cavity of the trunk proper.
UBERON:0002075
xenopus_anatomy
viscera
XAO:0003034
viscus
An internal organ of the body; especially: one (as the heart, liver, or intestine) located in the great cavity of the trunk proper.
BTO:0001491
viscera
Any of the 5 digits that are the most distal parts of a hindlimb, each digit consisting of a single metatarsal, 2-4 phalanges, and a claw.
UBERON:0001466
hind digit
pedal digit
toe
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003035
hindlimb digit
Any of the 5 digits that are the most distal parts of a hindlimb, each digit consisting of a single metatarsal, 2-4 phalanges, and a claw.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-4588
Any of the 4 digits that are the most distal part of a forelimb, each digit consisting of a single metatarsal and 2-3 phalanges. Xenopus forelimb digits are numbered 2-5, with no digit number 1.
UBERON:0002389
fore digit
manual digit
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003036
forelimb digit
Any of the 4 digits that are the most distal part of a forelimb, each digit consisting of a single metatarsal and 2-3 phalanges. Xenopus forelimb digits are numbered 2-5, with no digit number 1.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-4588
Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more portions of tissue of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona-fide boundaries from other distinct structural units of different types.
CARO:0000055
UBERON:0000481
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003037
multi-tissue structure
Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more portions of tissue of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona-fide boundaries from other distinct structural units of different types.
CARO:0000055
Multi-tissue structure that is not part of a compound organ.
CARO:0000021
UBERON:0000472
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003038
simple organ
Multi-tissue structure that is not part of a compound organ.
CARO:0000021
Multi-tissue structure that is part of a compound organ.
CARO:0000019
UBERON:0000471
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003039
compound organ component
Multi-tissue structure that is part of a compound organ.
CARO:0000019
Multicellular anatomical structure that consists of many cells of one or a few types, arranged in an extracellular matrix such that their long-range organization is at least partly a repetition of their short-range organization.
CARO:0000043
UBERON:0000479
portion of tissue
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003040
tissue
Multicellular anatomical structure that consists of many cells of one or a few types, arranged in an extracellular matrix such that their long-range organization is at least partly a repetition of their short-range organization.
CARO:0000043
Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more multi-tissue structures of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona fide boundaries from other distinct anatomical structures of different types.
CARO:0000024
UBERON:0003103
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003041
compound organ
Anatomical structure that has as its parts two or more multi-tissue structures of at least two different types and which through specific morphogenetic processes forms a single distinct structural unit demarcated by bona fide boundaries from other distinct anatomical structures of different types.
CARO:0000024
An anatomical structure that exists only before the organism is fully formed.
UBERON:0002050
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003042
embryonic structure
An anatomical structure that exists only before the organism is fully formed.
BTO:0000174
An embryonic structure that is the rudiment or commencement of a part or organ.
UBERON:0001048
xenopus_anatomy
primordia
XAO:0003043
primordium
An embryonic structure that is the rudiment or commencement of a part or organ.
UBERON:0001048
primordia
Primary germ layer that can give rise to both mesoderm and endoderm.
UBERON:0000089
xenopus_anatomy
mesendoderm
XAO:0003044
endomesoderm
Primary germ layer that can give rise to both mesoderm and endoderm.
Xenbase:Staff
Portion of tissue that consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells connected to each other by cell junctions and that is underlain by a basal lamina.
CARO:0000066
UBERON:0000483
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003045
epithelium
Portion of tissue that consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells connected to each other by cell junctions and that is underlain by a basal lamina.
CARO:0000066
Portion of embryonic tissue consisting of loosely organized, undifferentiated mesodermal or neural crest derived cells, that have specific properties (they are migratory, have no polarity). Mesenchyme cells are incorporated into a wide variety of structures including connective tissue, blood, bone and cartilage as development continues.
UBERON:0003104
xenopus_anatomy
mesenchymal tissue
XAO:0003046
mesenchyme
Portion of embryonic tissue consisting of loosely organized, undifferentiated mesodermal or neural crest derived cells, that have specific properties (they are migratory, have no polarity). Mesenchyme cells are incorporated into a wide variety of structures including connective tissue, blood, bone and cartilage as development continues.
AAO:0010427
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-4588
Portion of tissue that consists of a fasciculated group of axons.
UBERON:0001021
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003047
nerve
Portion of tissue that consists of a fasciculated group of axons.
Xenbase:Staff
A mature female germ cell that is capable of initiating formation of a new individual by fusion with a male gamete.
CL:0000025
xenopus_anatomy
ovum
unfertilized egg
XAO:0003048
egg
A mature female germ cell that is capable of initiating formation of a new individual by fusion with a male gamete.
http://www.merriam-webster.com/medlineplus/gamete
Connective tissue in which fat is stored.
UBERON:0001013
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003049
adipose tissue
Connective tissue in which fat is stored.
http://www.merriam-webster.com/medlineplus/adipose+tissue
Anatomical structure associated with the gonads that vary in form among amphibians but are primarily composed of adipose tissue and are thought to be a source of nutrients for the gonads. A body of adipose tissue, in the form of finger-like projections, usually associated with the anterior end of the testis and ovaries. Fat bodies are suspended from the body wall by dorsal mesentry which is fused with the gonadal mesentry (the mesovarium or mesorchidium).
UBERON:0003428
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003050
fat body
Anatomical structure associated with the gonads that vary in form among amphibians but are primarily composed of adipose tissue and are thought to be a source of nutrients for the gonads. A body of adipose tissue, in the form of finger-like projections, usually associated with the anterior end of the testis and ovaries. Fat bodies are suspended from the body wall by dorsal mesentry which is fused with the gonadal mesentry (the mesovarium or mesorchidium).
AAO:0000157
ISBN:0070179778
Region located near the pronephros and pronephric ducts that is a site of hematopoiesis in the embryo.
dorsal lateral plate region
UBERON:0003105
ADLPR
xenopus_anatomy
AGM region
aorta-gonads-mesonephros region
XAO:0003051
anterior dorsal lateral plate region
Region located near the pronephros and pronephric ducts that is a site of hematopoiesis in the embryo.
PMID:9618755
A simple ciliated tube through which the ovum travels from the ovaries to the cloaca and the external environment. It is lined with mucus-secreting glands that produce the jelly that surrounds the ovum.
UBERON:0000993
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003052
oviduct
A simple ciliated tube through which the ovum travels from the ovaries to the cloaca and the external environment. It is lined with mucus-secreting glands that produce the jelly that surrounds the ovum.
Wikipedia:Oviduct
A rectangle of dorsal mesendoderm and ectoderm from an early-gastrula-stage Xenopus laevis embryo. It is approximately 60 deg to 90 deg wide, extending from the bottle cells to the animal pole.
xenopus_anatomy_in_vitro
XAO:0003053
Keller explant
A rectangle of dorsal mesendoderm and ectoderm from an early-gastrula-stage Xenopus laevis embryo. It is approximately 60 deg to 90 deg wide, extending from the bottle cells to the animal pole.
ISBN:9780879695040
A relatively undifferentiated cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.
CL:0000034
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003054
stem cell
A relatively undifferentiated cell that retains the ability to divide and proliferate throughout life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.
CL:0000034
A stem cell from which all cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineages develop, including blood cells and cells of the immune system.
CL:0000037
HSC
HSPC
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003055
hematopoietic stem cell
A stem cell from which all cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lineages develop, including blood cells and cells of the immune system.
CL:0000037
ZFA:0009014
Spatial concept denoting the front surface of the body; often used to indicate the position of one structure relative to another.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003056
anterior
Spatial concept denoting the front surface of the body; often used to indicate the position of one structure relative to another.
NCIt:Anterior
Spatial concept denoting the back surface of the body.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003057
posterior
Spatial concept denoting the back surface of the body.
NCIt:Posterior
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003058
obsolete larval structure
true
Anatomical cluster consisting of a cartilaginous skull that begins to form during early tadpole stage.
UBERON:0004761
xenopus_anatomy
cartilaginous skull
XAO:0003059
chondrocranium
Anatomical cluster consisting of a cartilaginous skull that begins to form during early tadpole stage.
ISBN:0471209627
Anatomical system that provides physical support to the organism.
UBERON:0001434
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003060
skeletal system
Anatomical system that provides physical support to the organism.
AAO:0000566
The collection of all skeletal elements in a free forelimb region.
UBERON:0001440
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003061
forelimb skeleton
The collection of all skeletal elements in a free forelimb region.
UBERON:0001440
The collection of all skeletal elements in a free hindlimb region.
UBERON:0001441
hind limb skeleton
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003062
hindlimb skeleton
The collection of all skeletal elements in a free hindlimb region.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Arched skeletal structure that supports the forelimbs, the rudiments of which can be distinguished in mesenchyme at NF stage 51, and is complete by NF stage 60.
UBERON:0007831
xenopus_anatomy
shoulder girdle
XAO:0003063
pectoral girdle
Arched skeletal structure that supports the forelimbs, the rudiments of which can be distinguished in mesenchyme at NF stage 51, and is complete by NF stage 60.
ISBN:0471209627
http://www.merriam-webster.com/medlineplus/pectoral+girdle
Arched skeletal structure that supports the hindlimbs, begins to develop at NF stage 50, and is ossified by NF stage 66.
UBERON:0007832
xenopus_anatomy
pelic skeleton
pelvis
pelvis skeleton
XAO:0003064
pelvic girdle
Arched skeletal structure that supports the hindlimbs, begins to develop at NF stage 50, and is ossified by NF stage 66.
ISBN:0471209627
http://www.merriam-webster.com/medlineplus/pelvic+girdle
The anterior limb bud that develops into the fore limb; oval shaped in dorsal aspect by NF stage 50, and paddle shaped by NF stage 53; all four fingers and melanophores apparent by NF stage 54.
UBERON:0005417
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003065
forelimb bud
The anterior limb bud that develops into the fore limb; oval shaped in dorsal aspect by NF stage 50, and paddle shaped by NF stage 53; all four fingers and melanophores apparent by NF stage 54.
Xenbase:Staff
The posterior limb bud that develops into the hindlimb; a thickening of the ectoderm first noticeable at NF stage 47, innervated by NF stage 51. The hindlimb buds develop before the forelimb buds.
UBERON:0005418
hind limb bud
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003066
hindlimb bud
The posterior limb bud that develops into the hindlimb; a thickening of the ectoderm first noticeable at NF stage 47, innervated by NF stage 51. The hindlimb buds develop before the forelimb buds.
Xenbase:Staff
XAO:0004297
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003067
obsolete fore epipodium
true
XAO:0003207
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003068
obsolete fore mesopodium
true
XAO:0004296
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003069
obsolete hind propodium
true
XAO:0003212
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003070
obsolete hind metapodium
true
XAO:0004295
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003071
obsolete fore propodium
true
XAO:0004298
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003072
obsolete hind epipodium
true
Skeletal structure that has as its parts the vertebral column, located in the dorsal part of the trunk, and is formed by a series of vertebrae. It provides suspension for the appendicular skeleton and protection for the spinal nerve cord.
UBERON:0002090
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003073
postcranial axial skeleton
Skeletal structure that has as its parts the vertebral column, located in the dorsal part of the trunk, and is formed by a series of vertebrae. It provides suspension for the appendicular skeleton and protection for the spinal nerve cord.
AAO:0000034
Anatomical cluster that consists of all the vertebrae in the body.
UBERON:0001130
xenopus_anatomy
spine
XAO:0003074
vertebral column
Anatomical cluster that consists of all the vertebrae in the body.
VSAO:0000185
Skeletal system that is part of the head, including the splanchnocranium, chondrocranium, and dermatocranium.
UBERON:0010323
xenopus_anatomy
cranial skeleton
XAO:0003075
cranium
Skeletal system that is part of the head, including the splanchnocranium, chondrocranium, and dermatocranium.
Xenbase:Staff
The first vertebra, which arises from the trunk somites 1 and 2.
UBERON:0002413
atlas vertebra
first vertebra
xenopus_anatomy
first vertebrae
XAO:0003076
cervical vertebra
The first vertebra, which arises from the trunk somites 1 and 2.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-4588
first vertebrae
The vertebra anterior to the sacral vetebra.
UBERON:0004451
xenopus_anatomy
presacral vertebrae
XAO:0003077
presacral vertebra
The vertebra anterior to the sacral vetebra.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-4588
presacral vertebrae
The 9th vertebra, which arises from the trunk somites 9 and 10. It joins the illia laterally at NF stage 60 and later coalesces with the urostyle in the midline of the pelvic girdle to form a single unit in the adult frog.
UBERON:0001094
ninth vertebra
xenopus_anatomy
ninth vertebrae
sacral vertebrae
XAO:0003078
sacral vertebra
The 9th vertebra, which arises from the trunk somites 9 and 10. It joins the illia laterally at NF stage 60 and later coalesces with the urostyle in the midline of the pelvic girdle to form a single unit in the adult frog.
PMID:15679868
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-4588
ninth vertebrae
sacral vertebrae
The bones that make up the tail region of the tadpole.
UBERON:0001095
xenopus_anatomy
caudal vertebrae
postsacral vertebra
XAO:0003079
caudal vertebra
The bones that make up the tail region of the tadpole.
Xenbase:Staff
caudal vertebrae
Skeletal element in the midline of the pelvic girdle that arises from somites 10-13. It is a rodlike caudal bony structure unique to anurans that lies within a compartment formed by the elongated, anteriorly oriented pelvic girdle. It is formed by the fusion of the neural arches of the 10th-13th vertebrae, and the posterior-most remnants of the hypochord. Timing of complete ossification varies between NF stages 62 and 66.
UBERON:0003106
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003080
urostyle
Skeletal element in the midline of the pelvic girdle that arises from somites 10-13. It is a rodlike caudal bony structure unique to anurans that lies within a compartment formed by the elongated, anteriorly oriented pelvic girdle. It is formed by the fusion of the neural arches of the 10th-13th vertebrae, and the posterior-most remnants of the hypochord. Timing of complete ossification varies between NF stages 62 and 66.
AAO:0000732
PMID:15679868
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-4588
Anatomical structure consisting of a narrowly triangular chamber supported by a series of semicircular cartilages in which part of the sound-production system is located.
UBERON:0001737
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003081
larynx
Anatomical structure consisting of a narrowly triangular chamber supported by a series of semicircular cartilages in which part of the sound-production system is located.
AAO:0000268
XAO:0000033
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003082
obsolete sucker
true
Skeleton encasing the brain and auditory apparatus.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003083
braincase and otic capsule skeleton
Skeleton encasing the brain and auditory apparatus.
ISBN:0070179778
Anatomical cluster consisting of the ventral portion of the first pharyngeal arch.
UBERON:0003278
xenopus_anatomy
ventral mandibular arch
XAO:0003084
lower jaw
Anatomical cluster consisting of the ventral portion of the first pharyngeal arch.
TAO:0001273
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Paired cartilaginous component of the lower jaw that fuses together through a median inferior labial cartilage, resulting in a single curved bar of cartilage by metamorphic climax. During metamorphosis it is surrounded by the developing dentale and goniale.
UBERON:0003107
cm
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003085
Meckel's cartilage
Paired cartilaginous component of the lower jaw that fuses together through a median inferior labial cartilage, resulting in a single curved bar of cartilage by metamorphic climax. During metamorphosis it is surrounded by the developing dentale and goniale.
PMID:3693112
Anatomical cluster consisting of the mandibular structures which connect the base of the lower jaw with the skull.
UBERON:0003108
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003086
suspensorium
Anatomical cluster consisting of the mandibular structures which connect the base of the lower jaw with the skull.
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Suspensorium
The dorsal portion of the first pharyngeal arch.
UBERON:0003277
xenopus_anatomy
palatoquadrate arch
XAO:0003087
upper jaw
The dorsal portion of the first pharyngeal arch.
TAO:0001272
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Any of the coiled tubules located in the testes in which spermatozoa are produced.
UBERON:0001343
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003088
seminiferous tubule
Any of the coiled tubules located in the testes in which spermatozoa are produced.
AAO:0010399
Cranial nerve that largely consists of somatic efferent fibers which innervate four eye muscles (m rectus superior, m obliquus inferior, and mm rectus inferior and anterior).
UBERON:0001643
cranial nerve III
oculomotorius
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003090
oculomotor nerve
Cranial nerve that largely consists of somatic efferent fibers which innervate four eye muscles (m rectus superior, m obliquus inferior, and mm rectus inferior and anterior).
ISBN:080184780X
Somatic efferent nerve that runs to the superior oblique muscle of the eye.
UBERON:0001644
cranial nerve IV
pathetic nerve
trochlearis
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003091
trochlear nerve
Somatic efferent nerve that runs to the superior oblique muscle of the eye.
ISBN:080184780X
Cranial nerve that has three branches: the ophthalmic branch that supplies the skin of the nose and upper jaw, and the maxillary and mandibular branches that supply the lower jaw.
UBERON:0001645
cranial nerve V
trigeminus
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003092
trigeminal nerve
Cranial nerve that has three branches: the ophthalmic branch that supplies the skin of the nose and upper jaw, and the maxillary and mandibular branches that supply the lower jaw.
UBERON:0001645
Cranial nerve that runs to the eye muscles.
UBERON:0001646
abducens
abducent nerve
cranial nerve VI
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003093
abducens nerve
Cranial nerve that runs to the eye muscles.
UBERON:0001646
Cranial nerve that branches into the supraorbital (supplying the skin of the eye region and the lateral line organs here), the palatine (to the roof of the buccal cavity), and the hyomandibular (dividing into the jugular and mental branches).
UBERON:0001647
cranial nerve VII
facialis
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003094
facial nerve
Cranial nerve that branches into the supraorbital (supplying the skin of the eye region and the lateral line organs here), the palatine (to the roof of the buccal cavity), and the hyomandibular (dividing into the jugular and mental branches).
ISBN:0471209627
Cranial nerve that runs to the ear. It has two branches, the cochlear nerve and the vestibular nerve, which receives positional information.
UBERON:0001648
cranial nerve VIII
stato-acoustic nerve
xenopus_anatomy
auditory nerve
XAO:0003095
vestibulocochlear nerve
Cranial nerve that runs to the ear. It has two branches, the cochlear nerve and the vestibular nerve, which receives positional information.
Xenbase:Staff
Cranial nerve that branches into the ramus communicans (to the skin), the pretrematic (to the walls of the pharynx and mouth, viscero-sensory fibers), and the larval post-trematic branch (lost in the adult).
UBERON:0001649
cranial nerve IX
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003096
glossopharyngeal nerve
Cranial nerve that branches into the ramus communicans (to the skin), the pretrematic (to the walls of the pharynx and mouth, viscero-sensory fibers), and the larval post-trematic branch (lost in the adult).
ISBN:0471209627
Cranial nerve that branches into the lateral (to body sense organs) and the intestino-accessorial (to the skin, muscles of shoulder, hyoid, larynx, gut, lungs, and heart).
UBERON:0001759
cranial nerve X
xenopus_anatomy
vagal nerve
vagus afferents
XAO:0003097
vagus nerve
Cranial nerve that branches into the lateral (to body sense organs) and the intestino-accessorial (to the skin, muscles of shoulder, hyoid, larynx, gut, lungs, and heart).
ISBN:0471209627
A dorsally projecting part of the brain concerned especially with the coordination of muscles and the maintenance of bodily equilibrium, situated between the brain stem and the back of the cerebrum.
UBERON:0002037
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003098
cerebellum
A dorsally projecting part of the brain concerned especially with the coordination of muscles and the maintenance of bodily equilibrium, situated between the brain stem and the back of the cerebrum.
UBERON:0002037
Irregularly shaped cavity in the rhombencephalon, between the medulla oblongata, the pons, and the isthmus in front, and the cerebellum behind. It is continuous with the central canal of the cord below and with the cerebral aqueduct above, and through its lateral and median apertures it communicates with the subarachnoid space.
UBERON:0002422
4th ventricle
IVth ventricle
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003099
fourth ventricle
Irregularly shaped cavity in the rhombencephalon, between the medulla oblongata, the pons, and the isthmus in front, and the cerebellum behind. It is continuous with the central canal of the cord below and with the cerebral aqueduct above, and through its lateral and median apertures it communicates with the subarachnoid space.
UBERON:0002422
Posterior portion of the hindbrain that controls respiration, heartbeat, digestion, and swallowing as well as some locomotor responses.
UBERON:0001896
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003100
medulla oblongata
Posterior portion of the hindbrain that controls respiration, heartbeat, digestion, and swallowing as well as some locomotor responses.
AAO:0010486
A mixed nerve that carries motor, sensory, and autonomic signals between the spinal cord and the body.
UBERON:0001780
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003101
spinal nerve
A mixed nerve that carries motor, sensory, and autonomic signals between the spinal cord and the body.
Wikipedia:Spinal_nerve
Any of the projections on each side of the vertebra from the point where the neural arch lamina joins the pedicel for the articulation with the head of a single-headed rib or the upper head of a double-headed rib. Also called diapophyses. They provide surfaces for the attachment of muscles. In anurans, the term transverse process is used in reference to the processes associated with the presacral and postsacral vertebrae.
UBERON:0001077
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003102
transverse process
Any of the projections on each side of the vertebra from the point where the neural arch lamina joins the pedicel for the articulation with the head of a single-headed rib or the upper head of a double-headed rib. Also called diapophyses. They provide surfaces for the attachment of muscles. In anurans, the term transverse process is used in reference to the processes associated with the presacral and postsacral vertebrae.
AAO:0000698
Anatomical structure consisting of a small, pointed keratinized appendage at the end of each of the three inner toes of the hindlimbs.
UBERON:0001705
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003103
claw
Anatomical structure consisting of a small, pointed keratinized appendage at the end of each of the three inner toes of the hindlimbs.
Xenbase:Staff
Compartment of head somite 1 that is a precursor of muscle.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003104
myotome of head somite 1
Compartment of head somite 1 that is a precursor of muscle.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Compartment of head somite 2 that is a precursor of muscle.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003105
myotome of head somite 2
Compartment of head somite 2 that is a precursor of muscle.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Compartment of head somite 3 that is a precursor of muscle.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003106
myotome of head somite 3
Compartment of head somite 3 that is a precursor of muscle.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Compartment of head somite 4 that is a precursor of muscle.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003107
myotome of head somite 4
Compartment of head somite 4 that is a precursor of muscle.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Compartment of trunk somite 1 that is a precursor of muscle.
myotome of somite 1
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003108
myotome of trunk somite 1
Compartment of trunk somite 1 that is a precursor of muscle.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Compartment of trunk somite 2 that is a precursor of muscle.
myotome of somite 2
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003109
myotome of trunk somite 2
Compartment of trunk somite 2 that is a precursor of muscle.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Compartment of trunk somite 3 that is a precursor of muscle.
myotome of somite 3
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003110
myotome of trunk somite 3
Compartment of trunk somite 3 that is a precursor of muscle.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Compartment of trunk somite 4 that is a precursor of muscle.
myotome of somite 4
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003111
myotome of trunk somite 4
Compartment of trunk somite 4 that is a precursor of muscle.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Compartment of head somite 4 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003112
sclerotome of head somite 4
Compartment of head somite 4 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Compartment of trunk somite 1 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
sclerotome of somite 1
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003113
sclerotome of trunk somite 1
Compartment of trunk somite 1 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Compartment of trunk somite 2 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
sclerotome of somite 2
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003114
sclerotome of trunk somite 2
Compartment of trunk somite 2 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Compartment of trunk somite 3 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
sclerotome of somite 3
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003115
sclerotome of trunk somite 3
Compartment of trunk somite 3 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Compartment of trunk somite 4 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
sclerotome of somite 4
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003116
sclerotome of trunk somite 4
Compartment of trunk somite 4 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Compartment of trunk somite 5 that is a precursor of muscle.
myotome of somite 5
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003117
myotome of trunk somite 5
Compartment of trunk somite 5 that is a precursor of muscle.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Compartment of trunk somite 6 that is a precursor of muscle.
myotome of somite 6
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003118
myotome of trunk somite 6
Compartment of trunk somite 6 that is a precursor of muscle.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Compartment of trunk somite 7 that is a precursor of muscle.
myotome of somite 7
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003119
myotome of trunk somite 7
Compartment of trunk somite 7 that is a precursor of muscle.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Compartment of trunk somite 8 that is a precursor of muscle.
myotome of somite 8
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003120
myotome of trunk somite 8
Compartment of trunk somite 8 that is a precursor of muscle.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Compartment of trunk somite 5 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
sclerotome of somite 5
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003121
sclerotome of trunk somite 5
Compartment of trunk somite 5 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Compartment of trunk somite 6 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
sclerotome of somite 6
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003122
sclerotome of trunk somite 6
Compartment of trunk somite 6 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Compartment of trunk somite 7 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
sclerotome of somite 7
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003123
sclerotome of trunk somite 7
Compartment of trunk somite 7 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Compartment of trunk somite 8 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
sclerotome of somite 8
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003124
sclerotome of trunk somite 8
Compartment of trunk somite 8 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Compartment of trunk somite 9 that is a precursor of muscle.
myotome of somite 9
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003125
myotome of trunk somite 9
Compartment of trunk somite 9 that is a precursor of muscle.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Compartment of trunk somite 9 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
sclerotome of somite 9
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003126
sclerotome of trunk somite 9
Compartment of trunk somite 9 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Compartment of trunk somite 10 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
sclerotome of somite 10
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003127
sclerotome of trunk somite 10
Compartment of trunk somite 10 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Compartment of trunk somite 10 that is a precursor of muscle.
myotome of somite 10
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003128
myotome of trunk somite 10
Compartment of trunk somite 10 that is a precursor of muscle.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Compartment of trunk somite 11 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
sclerotome of somite 11
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003129
sclerotome of trunk somite 11
Compartment of trunk somite 11 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Compartment of trunk somite 11 that is a precursor of muscle.
myotome of somite 11
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003130
myotome of trunk somite 11
Compartment of trunk somite 11 that is a precursor of muscle.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Compartment of trunk somite 12 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
sclerotome of somite 12
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003131
sclerotome of trunk somite 12
Compartment of trunk somite 12 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Compartment of trunk somite 12 that is a precursor of muscle.
myotome of somite 12
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003132
myotome of trunk somite 12
Compartment of trunk somite 12 that is a precursor of muscle.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Compartment of trunk somite 13 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
sclerotome of somite 13
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003133
sclerotome of trunk somite 13
Compartment of trunk somite 13 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Compartment of trunk somite 13 that is a precursor of muscle.
myotome of somite 13
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003134
myotome of trunk somite 13
Compartment of trunk somite 13 that is a precursor of muscle.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Compartment of tail somite 14 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
sclerotome of somite 14
sclerotome of trunk somite 14
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003135
sclerotome of tail somite 14
Compartment of tail somite 14 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Compartment of tail somite 14 that is a precursor of muscle.
myotome of somite 14
myotome of trunk somite 14
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003136
myotome of tail somite 14
Compartment of tail somite 14 that is a precursor of muscle.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Compartment of tail somite 15 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
sclerotome of somite 15
sclerotome of trunk somite 15
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003137
sclerotome of tail somite 15
Compartment of tail somite 15 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Compartment of tail somite 15 that is a precursor of muscle.
myotome of somite 15
myotome of trunk somite 15
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003138
myotome of tail somite 15
Compartment of tail somite 15 that is a precursor of muscle.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Compartment of tail somite 16 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
sclerotome of somite 16
sclerotome of trunk somite 16
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003139
sclerotome of tail somite 16
Compartment of tail somite 16 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Compartment of tail somite 16 that is a precursor of muscle.
myotome of somite 16
myotome of trunk somite 16
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003140
myotome of tail somite 16
Compartment of tail somite 16 that is a precursor of muscle.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Compartment of tail somite 17 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
sclerotome of somite 17
sclerotome of trunk somite 17
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003141
sclerotome of tail somite 17
Compartment of tail somite 17 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Compartment of tail somite 17 that is a precursor of muscle.
myotome of somite 17
myotome of trunk somite 17
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003142
myotome of tail somite 17
Compartment of tail somite 17 that is a precursor of muscle.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Any of the somites that form posterior to the trunk and are resorbed at metamorphosis.
UBERON:0009621
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003143
tail somite
Any of the somites that form posterior to the trunk and are resorbed at metamorphosis.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The principal auditory organ of the frog, which utilizes both mechanical and electrical (hair cell-based) frequency tuning mechanisms for hearing, located near the junction of the utricle and the saccule bones of the inner ear.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003144
amphibian papilla
The principal auditory organ of the frog, which utilizes both mechanical and electrical (hair cell-based) frequency tuning mechanisms for hearing, located near the junction of the utricle and the saccule bones of the inner ear.
PMID:10377339
A sensory structure in the lagenar portion of an amphibian's membranous labyrinth between the oval and round windows.
UBERON:0002227
papilla basilaris
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003145
basilar papilla
A sensory structure in the lagenar portion of an amphibian's membranous labyrinth between the oval and round windows.
Xenbase:Staff
Anatomical structure that produces gametes as well as certain sex hormones controlled by the pituitary gonadotropins. Reproductive organ that produces and releases eggs (ovary) or sperm (testis).
UBERON:0000991
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003146
gonad
Anatomical structure that produces gametes as well as certain sex hormones controlled by the pituitary gonadotropins. Reproductive organ that produces and releases eggs (ovary) or sperm (testis).
AAO:0000213
ZFA:0000413
A mature male germ cell that develops from a spermatid.
CL:0000019
xenopus_anatomy
sperm
spermatozoa
XAO:0003147
spermatozoon
A mature male germ cell that develops from a spermatid.
CL:0000019
spermatozoa
XAO:0000111
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003148
obsolete germ line cell
true
Cell that arises from the endodermal germ plasm and can be detected by NF stage 28 in the endodermal mass. At NF stages 42-47, PGCs migrate to the two genital ridges, which are the first rudiments of the gonads. By NF stage 50, the PGCs begin to loose their yolky material. In males, starting at NF stage 52, PGCs migrate from the genital ridge cortical region into the medullary tissue, where they will form primary spermatogonia at sexual maturity. In females, the medullary tissue remains free of PGCs; they instead embed in the cortical region and multiply to form primary oogonia, which will mature into ova at sexual maturity.
CL:0000670
PGC
xenopus_anatomy
primitive germ cell
XAO:0003149
primordial germ cell
Cell that arises from the endodermal germ plasm and can be detected by NF stage 28 in the endodermal mass. At NF stages 42-47, PGCs migrate to the two genital ridges, which are the first rudiments of the gonads. By NF stage 50, the PGCs begin to loose their yolky material. In males, starting at NF stage 52, PGCs migrate from the genital ridge cortical region into the medullary tissue, where they will form primary spermatogonia at sexual maturity. In females, the medullary tissue remains free of PGCs; they instead embed in the cortical region and multiply to form primary oogonia, which will mature into ova at sexual maturity.
ISBN:0815318960
Xenbase:Staff
A mature male or female germ cell.
CL:0000300
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003150
gamete
A mature male or female germ cell.
http://www.merriam-webster.com/medlineplus/gamete
Male germ cell that is derived from spermatocytes and develops into spermatozoa.
CL:0000018
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003151
spermatid
Male germ cell that is derived from spermatocytes and develops into spermatozoa.
NCIt:Spermatid
Anatomical system that protects the body from foreign substances, cells, and tissues by producing the immune response and that includes especially the thymus, spleen, lymphoid tissue, lymphocytes including the B cells and T cells, and antibodies.
UBERON:0002405
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003152
immune system
Anatomical system that protects the body from foreign substances, cells, and tissues by producing the immune response and that includes especially the thymus, spleen, lymphoid tissue, lymphocytes including the B cells and T cells, and antibodies.
http://www.merriam-webster.com/medlineplus/immune+system
The immune system of a postembryonic, hatched or immature tadpole, prior to metamorphosis.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003153
larval immune system
The immune system of a postembryonic, hatched or immature tadpole, prior to metamorphosis.
Xenbase:Staff
The complete system of biological structures and processes within the adult organism that protects against disease by identifying and killing pathogens and tumor cells.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003154
adult immune system
The complete system of biological structures and processes within the adult organism that protects against disease by identifying and killing pathogens and tumor cells.
Xenbase:Staff
An achromatic cell of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages capable of ameboid movement, which are found in blood or other tissues and trigger specific immune responses in adaptive immunity.
immune cell
CL:0000542
xenopus_anatomy
leucocyte
leukocyte
white blood cell
XAO:0003155
lymphocyte
An achromatic cell of the myeloid or lymphoid lineages capable of ameboid movement, which are found in blood or other tissues and trigger specific immune responses in adaptive immunity.
PMID:37305914
A lymphocyte that can spontaneously kill a variety of target cells without prior antigenic activation via germline encoded activation receptors and also regulate immune responses via cytokine release and direct contact with other cells.
CL:0000623
xenopus_anatomy
NK
NK cell
natural killer T cell
XAO:0003156
natural killer cell
A lymphocyte that can spontaneously kill a variety of target cells without prior antigenic activation via germline encoded activation receptors and also regulate immune responses via cytokine release and direct contact with other cells.
CL:0000623
A type of lymphocyte whose defining characteristic is the expression of a T-cell receptor complex, and which develops in the thymus.
CL:0000084
T cell
T lymphocyte
xenopus_anatomy
mature T cell
XAO:0003157
T-cell
A type of lymphocyte whose defining characteristic is the expression of a T-cell receptor complex, and which develops in the thymus.
CL:0000084
Xenbase:Staff
A lymphocyte of B lineage that is capable of B-cell mediated immunity and develops in the spleen and liver (but not in the bone marrow).
CL:0000236
B cell
B lymphocyte
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003158
B-cell
A lymphocyte of B lineage that is capable of B-cell mediated immunity and develops in the spleen and liver (but not in the bone marrow).
CL:0000236
Xenbase:Staff
An immature T cell located in the thymus.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003159
thymocyte
An immature T cell located in the thymus.
AAO:0010312
Anatomical group that has its parts adjacent to one another.
CARO:0000041
UBERON:0000477
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003160
anatomical cluster
Anatomical group that has its parts adjacent to one another.
CARO:0000041
Structure that is an early outgrowth of a presumptive limb.
UBERON:0004347
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003161
limb bud
Structure that is an early outgrowth of a presumptive limb.
AAO:0010375
Anatomical structure that consists of cell parts and cell substances and together does not constitute a cell or a tissue.
CARO:0000040
UBERON:0000476
acellular structure
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003162
acellular anatomical structure
Anatomical structure that consists of cell parts and cell substances and together does not constitute a cell or a tissue.
CARO:0000040
Acellular anatomical structure that consists of a thin sheet of fibrous proteins that underlie and support the cells of an epithelium. It separates the cells of an epithelium from any underlying tissue.
basement lamina
CARO:0000065
UBERON:0000482
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003163
basal lamina
Acellular anatomical structure that consists of a thin sheet of fibrous proteins that underlie and support the cells of an epithelium. It separates the cells of an epithelium from any underlying tissue.
CARO:0000065
Compound organ that does not contain macroscopic anatomical spaces.
CARO:0000074
UBERON:0000491
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003164
solid compound organ
Compound organ that does not contain macroscopic anatomical spaces.
CARO:0000074
Compound organ that contains one or more macroscopic anatomical spaces.
CARO:0000072
UBERON:0000489
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003165
cavitated compound organ
Compound organ that contains one or more macroscopic anatomical spaces.
CARO:0000072
Skeletal structure that has as its parts the pectoral and pelvic girdles, which articulate with the axial skeleton, together with their associated limbs, the forelimbs and hindlimbs.
UBERON:0002091
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003166
appendicular skeleton
Skeletal structure that has as its parts the pectoral and pelvic girdles, which articulate with the axial skeleton, together with their associated limbs, the forelimbs and hindlimbs.
AAO:0000747
XAO:0003208
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003167
obsolete fore metapodium
true
XAO:0003211
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003168
obsolete hind mesopodium
true
Subdivision of skeleton that includes all dermal bones in the cranial skeleton.
UBERON:0003113
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003169
dermatocranium
Subdivision of skeleton that includes all dermal bones in the cranial skeleton.
UBERON:0003113
Anatomical cluster that consists of the cartilages and bones that surround the brain.
UBERON:0001703
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003170
neurocranium
Anatomical cluster that consists of the cartilages and bones that surround the brain.
TAO:0001580
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
An anatomical cluster that is part of the cranium and structurally supports the eye.
UBERON:0001697
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003171
orbital region
An anatomical cluster that is part of the cranium and structurally supports the eye.
AAO:0010220
Anatomical cluster that is located in the anterior region of the neurocranium and provides structural support for the olfactory organs.
UBERON:0003112
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003172
olfactory region
Anatomical cluster that is located in the anterior region of the neurocranium and provides structural support for the olfactory organs.
AAO:0010206
An anatomical cluster that is located in the posterior region of the neurocranium and forms the margin of the foramen margin and occipital condyles.
UBERON:0005902
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003173
occipital region
An anatomical cluster that is located in the posterior region of the neurocranium and forms the margin of the foramen margin and occipital condyles.
AAO:0010199
Anatomical cluster that forms the floor and side walls of the middle part of the cranium.
UBERON:0003111
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003174
sphenoid region
Anatomical cluster that forms the floor and side walls of the middle part of the cranium.
UBERON:0003111
Anatomical cluster that is a posterolateral part of the neurocranium and structurally supports the vestibuloauditory system.
UBERON:0003110
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003175
otic region
Anatomical cluster that is a posterolateral part of the neurocranium and structurally supports the vestibuloauditory system.
AAO:0010208
Regional skeletal system of the jaws, hyoid and branchial arches.
UBERON:0008895
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003176
splanchnocranium
Regional skeletal system of the jaws, hyoid and branchial arches.
ZFA:0001216
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Skeletal subdivision comprising the skeletal elements of the hyoid arch.
UBERON:0005884
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003177
hyoid arch skeleton
Skeletal subdivision comprising the skeletal elements of the hyoid arch.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Skeletal subdivision comprising the dorsal skeletal elements of the hyoid arch.
UBERON:0011152
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003178
dorsal hyoid arch skeleton
Skeletal subdivision comprising the dorsal skeletal elements of the hyoid arch.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Skeletal subdivision comprising the ventral skeletal elements of the hyoid arch.
UBERON:0011153
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003179
ventral hyoid arch skeleton
Skeletal subdivision comprising the ventral skeletal elements of the hyoid arch.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Skeletal and cartilaginous elements of the branchial arches; the last five of the set of seven pharyngeal arches; generally branchial arch no. 1 is the first branchial arch, or the third pharyngeal arch, but some authors do not follow this convention.
UBERON:0005886
xenopus_anatomy
gill arch skeleton
pharyngeal arch skeleton 3-7
visceral arch skeleton
XAO:0003180
branchial arch skeleton
Skeletal and cartilaginous elements of the branchial arches; the last five of the set of seven pharyngeal arches; generally branchial arch no. 1 is the first branchial arch, or the third pharyngeal arch, but some authors do not follow this convention.
PMID:8589427
Skeletal and cartilaginous elements of the first branchial or pharyngeal arch.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003181
branchial arch skeleton 1
Skeletal and cartilaginous elements of the first branchial or pharyngeal arch.
Xenbase:Staff
Skeletal and cartilaginous elements of the second branchial or pharyngeal arch.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003182
branchial arch skeleton 2
Skeletal and cartilaginous elements of the second branchial or pharyngeal arch.
Xenbase:Staff
Skeletal and cartilaginous elements of the third branchial or pharyngeal arch.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003183
branchial arch skeleton 3
Skeletal and cartilaginous elements of the third branchial or pharyngeal arch.
Xenbase:Staff
Skeletal and cartilaginous elements of the fourth branchial or pharyngeal arch.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003184
branchial arch skeleton 4
Skeletal and cartilaginous elements of the fourth branchial or pharyngeal arch.
Xenbase:Staff
Any spatial descriptor that describes the orientation of the anatomical features of an embryo.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003185
anatomical direction
Any spatial descriptor that describes the orientation of the anatomical features of an embryo.
Xenbase:Staff
A region of the whole organism that contains a recognizable set of structures or anatomical entities.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003186
anatomical region
A region of the whole organism that contains a recognizable set of structures or anatomical entities.
Xenbase:Staff
Spatial concept pertaining to being toward the middle or inside.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003187
medial
Spatial concept pertaining to being toward the middle or inside.
NCIt:Medial
Spatial concept denoting a part of the body that is closer to the center of the body than another part.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003188
proximal
Spatial concept denoting a part of the body that is closer to the center of the body than another part.
NCIt:Proximal
Spatial concept denoting a part of the body that is farther away from the center of the body than another part.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003189
distal
Spatial concept denoting a part of the body that is farther away from the center of the body than another part.
NCIt:Distal
Non-material anatomical entity of three dimensions, that is generated by morphogenetic or other physiologic processes; is surrounded by one or more anatomical structures; contains one or more organism substances or anatomical structures.
CARO:0000005
UBERON:0000464
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003190
anatomical space
Non-material anatomical entity of three dimensions, that is generated by morphogenetic or other physiologic processes; is surrounded by one or more anatomical structures; contains one or more organism substances or anatomical structures.
CARO:0000005
The chamber of the heart that receives blood from the lungs.
UBERON:0002079
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003191
left atrium
The chamber of the heart that receives blood from the lungs.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The chamber of the heart that receives blood from the sinus venosus.
UBERON:0002078
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003192
right atrium
The chamber of the heart that receives blood from the sinus venosus.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Cardiac chamber that consists of a wall that surrounds the cavity of a ventricle. The amphibian heart has a single ventricle and an outflow tract with an incomplete spiral septum.
UBERON:0002082
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003193
cardiac ventricle
Cardiac chamber that consists of a wall that surrounds the cavity of a ventricle. The amphibian heart has a single ventricle and an outflow tract with an incomplete spiral septum.
UBERON:0002082
Part of the nervous system responsible for processing sensory information.
UBERON:0001032
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003194
sensory system
Part of the nervous system responsible for processing sensory information.
Wikipedia:Sensory_system
The sensory system used for balance and hearing.
UBERON:0002105
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003195
vestibuloauditory system
The sensory system used for balance and hearing.
Xenbase:Staff
The sensory system used for olfaction (the sense of smell).
UBERON:0005725
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003196
olfactory system
The sensory system used for olfaction (the sense of smell).
Wikipedia:Olfactory_system
The sensory system used for the sense of taste.
UBERON:0001033
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003197
gustatory system
The sensory system used for the sense of taste.
Wikipedia:Gustatory_system
The sensory system used for sight.
UBERON:0002104
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003198
visual system
The sensory system used for sight.
Xenbase:Staff
Part of the circulatory system that consists of a series of vessels that collect blood (exclusive of erythrocytes) which seeps through capillary walls and return it to the veins. The lymphatic system of vasculature drains lymph fluid from the tissue spaces of most organs and returns it to the blood vasculature for recirculation. The lymphatic sytem functions in immune responses. Anurans generate a lot of lymphatic fluid, largely as a consequence of their very leaky vasculature and high interstitial compliance. Lymph is ultimately pumped into the venous system by paired, dorsally located lymph hearts. Hedrick et al (2007) showed that lung inflation and deflation assists lymph movement. Lymph is moved during lung deflation to the subvertebral sac from anterior and posterior lymph sacs. During lung inflation, increased lymph sac pressure moves lymph to axillary regions, where lymph hearts can return lymph to the vascular space.
UBERON:0002465
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003199
lymphatic system
Part of the circulatory system that consists of a series of vessels that collect blood (exclusive of erythrocytes) which seeps through capillary walls and return it to the veins. The lymphatic system of vasculature drains lymph fluid from the tissue spaces of most organs and returns it to the blood vasculature for recirculation. The lymphatic sytem functions in immune responses. Anurans generate a lot of lymphatic fluid, largely as a consequence of their very leaky vasculature and high interstitial compliance. Lymph is ultimately pumped into the venous system by paired, dorsally located lymph hearts. Hedrick et al (2007) showed that lung inflation and deflation assists lymph movement. Lymph is moved during lung deflation to the subvertebral sac from anterior and posterior lymph sacs. During lung inflation, increased lymph sac pressure moves lymph to axillary regions, where lymph hearts can return lymph to the vascular space.
AAO:0010522
PMID:17981861
Xenbase:Staff
The epithelium of the gut.
UBERON:0003929
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003200
gut epithelium
The epithelium of the gut.
Xenbase:Staff
Epithelium that lines the oral cavity, with many short microvilli as well as mucous cells, rodlet cells and taste buds.
UBERON:0002424
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003201
oral epithelium
Epithelium that lines the oral cavity, with many short microvilli as well as mucous cells, rodlet cells and taste buds.
UBERON:0002424
Epithelium lining the pharynx, consisting largely of simple columnar epithelium.
UBERON:0003351
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003202
pharyngeal epithelium
Epithelium lining the pharynx, consisting largely of simple columnar epithelium.
TAO:0001174
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Epithelium that is part of a developing tooth or dental organ.
UBERON:0003843
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003203
dental epithelium
Epithelium that is part of a developing tooth or dental organ.
ZFA:0005134
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Hollow epithelial tube on the dorsal side of the embryo that develops into the brain and spinal cord.
UBERON:0001049
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003204
neural tube
Hollow epithelial tube on the dorsal side of the embryo that develops into the brain and spinal cord.
AAO:0010617
Polymorphic cell type that forms cartilage.
CL:0000138
xenopus_anatomy
cartilage cell
XAO:0003205
chondrocyte
Polymorphic cell type that forms cartilage.
CL:0000138
Cell type that is a component of the glomus.
CL:0000653
xenopus_anatomy
podocytes
XAO:0003206
podocyte
Cell type that is a component of the glomus.
Xenbase:Staff
podocytes
The cluster of bones in the wrist between the radius, ulna and metacarpus, they do not belong to individual fingers, but allow the wrist to move and rotate.
UBERON:0009880
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003207
carpus
The cluster of bones in the wrist between the radius, ulna and metacarpus, they do not belong to individual fingers, but allow the wrist to move and rotate.
ISBN:0070179778
Each of the bones forming the part of the hand between the fingers and the wrist.
UBERON:0010544
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003208
metacarpus
Each of the bones forming the part of the hand between the fingers and the wrist.
https://www.infovisual.info/en/biology-animal/skeleton-of-a-frog
Either of the paired, long bones of endochondral origin formed by the fusion of the radius and ulna.
UBERON:0006715
radioulna
radius-ulna
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003209
radio-ulna
Either of the paired, long bones of endochondral origin formed by the fusion of the radius and ulna.
AAO:0000901
Either of the paired, elongate, cylindrical forelimb bones of endochondral origin that extend from the pectoral girdle (shoulders) to the elbows.
UBERON:0000976
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003210
humerus
Either of the paired, elongate, cylindrical forelimb bones of endochondral origin that extend from the pectoral girdle (shoulders) to the elbows.
AAO:0000679
Xenbase:Staff
A bone of the wrist of the hindlimb, which remains cartilaginous until NF stage 66.
UBERON:0009879
tarsalia
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003211
tarsus
A bone of the wrist of the hindlimb, which remains cartilaginous until NF stage 66.
ISBN:0815318960
Each of the bones forming the part of the foot between the toes and the heel.
UBERON:0010545
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003212
metatarsus
Each of the bones forming the part of the foot between the toes and the heel.
https://www.infovisual.info/en/biology-animal/skeleton-of-a-frog
Bone of the lower hind leg, which undergoes ossification from NF stage 56 to stage 66.
UBERON:0006714
tibiofibula
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003213
tibia-fibula
Bone of the lower hind leg, which undergoes ossification from NF stage 56 to stage 66.
ISBN:0471209627
Either of the paired, elongate, cylindrical bones of endochondral origin that form the thighs, extending from the pelvic girdles to the knees. Proximal bone of the hind leg, which begins to ossify at NF stage 55.
UBERON:0000981
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003214
femur
Either of the paired, elongate, cylindrical bones of endochondral origin that form the thighs, extending from the pelvic girdles to the knees. Proximal bone of the hind leg, which begins to ossify at NF stage 55.
ISBN:0471209627
The layer within the retina where the photoreceptor cell receptor segments reside.
eriksegerdell
2009-07-15T02:26:17Z
UBERON:0001787
xenopus_anatomy
retinal photoreceptor layer
XAO:0003215
photoreceptor layer
The layer within the retina where the photoreceptor cell receptor segments reside.
ZFA:0000143
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The layer of nerve cells in the retina.
eriksegerdell
2009-07-15T02:02:33Z
UBERON:0003902
xenopus_anatomy
neural retina
XAO:0003216
retinal neural layer
The layer of nerve cells in the retina.
Xenbase:Staff
The monolayer of pigmented epithelium covering the neural retina.
eriksegerdell
2009-07-15T02:05:18Z
UBERON:0001782
RPE
xenopus_anatomy
pigmented epithelium
pigmented retinal epithelium
XAO:0003217
retinal pigmented epithelium
The monolayer of pigmented epithelium covering the neural retina.
ZFA:0000144
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The layer within the retina where the bipolar cells synapse with the photoreceptor cells.
eriksegerdell
2009-07-15T02:26:28Z
UBERON:0001790
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003218
retinal outer plexiform layer
The layer within the retina where the bipolar cells synapse with the photoreceptor cells.
UBERON:0001790
The layer within the retina where the photoreceptor cell bodies reside.
eriksegerdell
2009-07-15T02:26:30Z
UBERON:0001789
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003219
retinal outer nuclear layer
The layer within the retina where the photoreceptor cell bodies reside.
UBERON:0001789
Fiber layer adjacent the retinal ganglion cell layer that comprises its axons as they traverse to the optic nerve.
eriksegerdell
2009-07-15T02:26:32Z
UBERON:0001793
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003220
optic fiber layer
Fiber layer adjacent the retinal ganglion cell layer that comprises its axons as they traverse to the optic nerve.
ZFA:0001619
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The layer of the retina composed of the cell bodies of bipolar cells, horizontal cells, and some of the cell bodies of amacrine cells.
eriksegerdell
2009-07-15T02:26:34Z
UBERON:0001791
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003221
retinal inner nuclear layer
The layer of the retina composed of the cell bodies of bipolar cells, horizontal cells, and some of the cell bodies of amacrine cells.
UBERON:0001791
Retinal layer composed of the basal lamina of Muller cells.
eriksegerdell
2009-07-15T02:26:37Z
UBERON:0001794
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003222
inner limiting membrane
Retinal layer composed of the basal lamina of Muller cells.
NCIt:Inner_Limiting_Membrane
Innermost nuclear layer of the retina, consisting of retinal ganglion cells, containing neurons that project axons through the optic nerve to the brain.
eriksegerdell
2009-07-15T02:26:41Z
UBERON:0001792
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003223
retinal ganglion cell layer
Innermost nuclear layer of the retina, consisting of retinal ganglion cells, containing neurons that project axons through the optic nerve to the brain.
UBERON:0001792
A thin fenestrated layer of the pars nervosa retinae adjacent to the outer nuclear layer and through which extend the visual rods and cones.
eriksegerdell
2009-07-15T02:26:44Z
UBERON:0001788
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003224
outer limiting membrane
A thin fenestrated layer of the pars nervosa retinae adjacent to the outer nuclear layer and through which extend the visual rods and cones.
NCIt:Outer_Limiting_Membrane
The plexiform layer of the retina positioned between the inner nuclear layer and the ganglion cell layer and containing the dendrites of retinal ganglion cells and processes of bipolar and amacrine cells.
eriksegerdell
2009-07-15T02:26:47Z
UBERON:0001795
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003225
retinal inner plexiform layer
The plexiform layer of the retina positioned between the inner nuclear layer and the ganglion cell layer and containing the dendrites of retinal ganglion cells and processes of bipolar and amacrine cells.
UBERON:0001795
Structure that is the anterodorsal-most region of the midbrain and is responsible for auditory and visual reflexes.
eriksegerdell
2009-07-15T03:37:08Z
UBERON:0001945
OT
xenopus_anatomy
midbrain tectum
tectum
tectum opticum
XAO:0003226
optic tectum
Structure that is the anterodorsal-most region of the midbrain and is responsible for auditory and visual reflexes.
Xenbase:Staff
Anatomical cavity bounded by the derivatives of the branchial arches.
eriksegerdell
2009-07-16T02:04:46Z
UBERON:0001042
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003227
pharynx
Anatomical cavity bounded by the derivatives of the branchial arches.
AAO:0000967
Type of trunk muscle that lies ventral to the horizontal septum of the vertebrae and is innervated by the ventral ramus of the spinal nerves. The arise from migratory somitic cells along the lower margin of the trunk somites.
eriksegerdell
2009-07-16T02:14:05Z
UBERON:0008777
xenopus_anatomy
body wall muscle
XAO:0003228
hypaxial muscle
Type of trunk muscle that lies ventral to the horizontal septum of the vertebrae and is innervated by the ventral ramus of the spinal nerves. The arise from migratory somitic cells along the lower margin of the trunk somites.
UBERON:0008777
XAO:curator
Trunk muscle that lies dorsal to the horizontal septum of the vertebrae.
eriksegerdell
2009-07-16T02:17:32Z
UBERON:0008778
epaxial muscles
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003229
epaxial muscle
Trunk muscle that lies dorsal to the horizontal septum of the vertebrae.
Xenbase:Staff
epaxial muscles
Muscle that is located posterior to the head and anterior to the tail and consists of epaxial and hypaxial muscle.
eriksegerdell
2009-07-16T02:18:03Z
UBERON:0001774
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003230
trunk musculature
Muscle that is located posterior to the head and anterior to the tail and consists of epaxial and hypaxial muscle.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
A cell that takes up stuff and metabolizes it.
eriksegerdell
2009-07-20T01:12:02Z
CL:0000212
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003231
absorptive cell
A cell that takes up stuff and metabolizes it.
CL:0000212
Any of the cell types of the digestive system that secrete amino acid peptides or polypeptides.
eriksegerdell
2009-07-20T01:15:23Z
CL:0000161
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003232
acid secreting cell
Any of the cell types of the digestive system that secrete amino acid peptides or polypeptides.
CL:0000161
Exocrine functioning cells of the pancreas.
eriksegerdell
2009-07-20T01:16:38Z
CL:0000622
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003233
acinar cell
Exocrine functioning cells of the pancreas.
CL:0000622
A cell that secretes alkaline substances.
eriksegerdell
2009-07-20T01:17:42Z
CL:0000435
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003234
alkali secreting cell
A cell that secretes alkaline substances.
Xenbase:Staff
A cell whose primary function is to prevent the transport of stuff across compartments.
eriksegerdell
2009-07-20T01:18:52Z
CL:0000215
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003235
barrier cell
A cell whose primary function is to prevent the transport of stuff across compartments.
CL:0000215
A surface epithelial cell of stratified squamous epithelium of cornea, tongue, oral cavity, esophagus or cloaca.
eriksegerdell
2009-07-20T01:19:57Z
CL:0000073
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003236
barrier epithelial cell
A surface epithelial cell of stratified squamous epithelium of cornea, tongue, oral cavity, esophagus or cloaca.
Xenbase:Staff
A cell of ectomesenchymal origin concerned with the formation of the layer of cementum on the roots of teeth.
eriksegerdell
2009-07-20T01:23:10Z
CL:0000061
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003237
cementoblast
A cell of ectomesenchymal origin concerned with the formation of the layer of cementum on the roots of teeth.
ISBN:0781733901
A cell that originates from a mesenchymal stem cell and forms chondrocytes (cartilage cells). Chondroblasts that become embedded in the matrix are called chondrocytes.
eriksegerdell
2009-07-20T01:24:55Z
CL:0000058
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003238
chondroblast
A cell that originates from a mesenchymal stem cell and forms chondrocytes (cartilage cells). Chondroblasts that become embedded in the matrix are called chondrocytes.
Xenbase:Staff
A cell that moves among different tissues of the body, via blood, lymph, or other medium.
eriksegerdell
2009-07-20T01:26:48Z
CL:0000080
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003239
circulating cell
A cell that moves among different tissues of the body, via blood, lymph, or other medium.
CL:0000080
A type of cell, found in the digestive tract, that secrete enzymes that break down polymeric macromolecules into their smaller building blocks, in order to facilitate their absorption by the body.
eriksegerdell
2009-07-20T01:30:09Z
CL:0000470
digestive enzyme secreting cells
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003240
digestive enzyme secreting cell
A type of cell, found in the digestive tract, that secrete enzymes that break down polymeric macromolecules into their smaller building blocks, in order to facilitate their absorption by the body.
Wikipedia:Digestive_enzyme
digestive enzyme secreting cells
A cell found in the embryo before the formation of all the germ layers is complete.
eriksegerdell
2009-07-20T01:31:42Z
CL:0000007
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003241
early embryonic cell
A cell found in the embryo before the formation of all the germ layers is complete.
CL:0000007
A cell of the early embryo at the developmental stage in which the blastomeres, resulting from repeated mitotic divisions of the fertilized ovum (zygote), form a compact cell mass.
eriksegerdell
2009-07-20T01:32:43Z
CL:0000360
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003242
morula cell
A cell of the early embryo at the developmental stage in which the blastomeres, resulting from repeated mitotic divisions of the fertilized ovum (zygote), form a compact cell mass.
CL:0000360
A cell of the embryo in the early stage following the blastula, characterized by morphogenetic cell movements, cell differentiation, and the formation of the three germ layers.
eriksegerdell
2009-07-20T01:32:48Z
CL:0000361
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003244
gastrula cell
A cell of the embryo in the early stage following the blastula, characterized by morphogenetic cell movements, cell differentiation, and the formation of the three germ layers.
CL:0000361
A cell of the outer of the three germ layers of the embryo.
eriksegerdell
2009-07-20T01:35:11Z
CL:0000221
ectoderm cell
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003245
ectodermal cell
A cell of the outer of the three germ layers of the embryo.
CL:0000221
A cell whose function is determined by the generation or the reception of an electric signal.
eriksegerdell
2009-07-20T01:37:18Z
CL:0000211
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003246
electrically active cell
A cell whose function is determined by the generation or the reception of an electric signal.
CL:0000211
A cell of an endocrine gland, ductless glands that secrete substances which are released directly into the circulation and which influence metabolism and other body functions.
eriksegerdell
2009-07-20T01:38:59Z
CL:0000163
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003247
endocrine cell
A cell of an endocrine gland, ductless glands that secrete substances which are released directly into the circulation and which influence metabolism and other body functions.
CL:0000163
A cell of the inner of the three germ layers of the embryo.
eriksegerdell
2009-07-20T01:40:37Z
CL:0000223
endoderm cell
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003248
endodermal cell
A cell of the inner of the three germ layers of the embryo.
CL:0000223
A cell that is usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface.
eriksegerdell
2009-07-20T01:42:50Z
CL:0000066
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003249
epithelial cell
A cell that is usually found in a two-dimensional sheet with a free surface.
CL:0000066
A cell of an exocrine gland, i.e. a gland that discharges its secretion via a duct.
eriksegerdell
2009-07-20T01:44:46Z
CL:0000152
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003250
exocrine cell
A cell of an exocrine gland, i.e. a gland that discharges its secretion via a duct.
CL:0000152
Individual secretory cells of the hatching gland that secrete an enzyme that dissolves or weakens the egg jelly and facilitates hatching.
eriksegerdell
2009-07-20T01:48:20Z
CL:0000249
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003251
hatching gland cell
Individual secretory cells of the hatching gland that secrete an enzyme that dissolves or weakens the egg jelly and facilitates hatching.
Xenbase:Staff
A cell that is specialized to accumulate keratins, a family of fibrous structural proteins.
eriksegerdell
2009-07-20T01:52:10Z
CL:0000311
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003252
keratin accumulating cell
A cell that is specialized to accumulate keratins, a family of fibrous structural proteins.
Wikipedia:Keratin
Type of cell that is capable of generating and maintaining the fibrous connective tissue of the ligament.
eriksegerdell
2009-07-20T01:52:51Z
CL:0000384
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003253
ligament cell
Type of cell that is capable of generating and maintaining the fibrous connective tissue of the ligament.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
A modified epidermal cell located in the stratum basale. They are found mostly in areas where sensory perception is acute.
eriksegerdell
2009-07-20T01:56:02Z
CL:0000242
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003254
Merkel cell
A modified epidermal cell located in the stratum basale. They are found mostly in areas where sensory perception is acute.
CL:0000242
A cell of the middle germ layer of the embryo.
eriksegerdell
2009-07-20T02:00:17Z
CL:0000222
mesoderm cell
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003255
mesodermal cell
A cell of the middle germ layer of the embryo.
CL:0000222
A type of epithelial cell, found in the epidermis and digestive system, whose function is to secrete mucin, which dissolves in water to form protective mucus.
eriksegerdell
2009-07-20T02:06:11Z
CL:0000319
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003256
mucus secreting cell
A type of epithelial cell, found in the epidermis and digestive system, whose function is to secrete mucin, which dissolves in water to form protective mucus.
Wikipedia:Mucus
A cell that is specialized to accumulate myelin.
eriksegerdell
2009-07-20T02:06:51Z
CL:0000328
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003257
myelin accumulating cell
A cell that is specialized to accumulate myelin.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
A non-sensory cell type surrounding the neuromast support cells and neuromast hair cells, separating the neuromast from the epidermis, and secreting cupula in which the ciliary bundles of all the hair cells are embedded.
eriksegerdell
2009-07-20T02:07:36Z
CL:0000851
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003258
neuromast mantle cell
A non-sensory cell type surrounding the neuromast support cells and neuromast hair cells, separating the neuromast from the epidermis, and secreting cupula in which the ciliary bundles of all the hair cells are embedded.
CL:0000851
A non-sensory cell of the neuromast that extends between the sensory hair cells from the basement membrane to the apical surface; neuromast support cells are surrounded by neuromast mantle cells.
eriksegerdell
2009-07-20T02:09:08Z
CL:0000852
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003259
neuromast support cell
A non-sensory cell of the neuromast that extends between the sensory hair cells from the basement membrane to the apical surface; neuromast support cells are surrounded by neuromast mantle cells.
CL:0000852
An erythrocyte (red blood cell) which has a nucleus.
eriksegerdell
2009-07-20T02:10:45Z
CL:0000562
xenopus_anatomy
RBC
red blood cell
XAO:0003260
nucleate erythrocyte
An erythrocyte (red blood cell) which has a nucleus.
CL:0000562
A non-ciliated columnar cell that extends from the epithelial free margin to the basement membrane of the olfactory epithelium.
eriksegerdell
2009-07-20T02:14:47Z
CL:0000853
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003261
olfactory epithelial support cell
A non-ciliated columnar cell that extends from the epithelial free margin to the basement membrane of the olfactory epithelium.
CL:0000853
A cell that is specialized to accumulate oxygen.
eriksegerdell
2009-07-20T02:16:28Z
CL:0000329
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003262
oxygen accumulating cell
A cell that is specialized to accumulate oxygen.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
A secretory cell that secretes an agonist into intercellular spaces in which it diffuses to a target cell other than that which produced it.
eriksegerdell
2009-07-20T02:17:10Z
CL:0000512
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003263
paracrine cell
A secretory cell that secretes an agonist into intercellular spaces in which it diffuses to a target cell other than that which produced it.
CL:0000512
A slender, contractile, mesenchymal-like cell found in close association with capillary walls. They are relatively undifferentiated and may become fibroblasts, macrophages, or smooth muscle cells.
eriksegerdell
2009-07-20T02:21:51Z
CL:0000669
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003264
pericyte
A slender, contractile, mesenchymal-like cell found in close association with capillary walls. They are relatively undifferentiated and may become fibroblasts, macrophages, or smooth muscle cells.
CL:0000669
A stem cell that can give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line.
eriksegerdell
2009-07-20T02:25:31Z
CL:0000723
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003265
somatic stem cell
A stem cell that can give rise to cell types of the body other than those of the germ-line.
CL:0000723
Embryonic primordium consisting of an endodermal thickening that develops into the liver.
eriksegerdell
2009-07-20T04:05:12Z
liver
UBERON:0003894
xenopus_anatomy
liver bud
XAO:0003266
liver primordium
Embryonic primordium consisting of an endodermal thickening that develops into the liver.
ZFA:0000124
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Either of the pair of structures lying on either side of the dorsal aorta in which fluid balance is regulated and waste is excreted out in the form of urine. Amphibians (and fish) have a early kidney, the pronephros/pronephric kidney, which consitsts of a single nephron attached to a pronephric duct, which in turn is linked to the cloaca. The pronephros functions as primary filtration system for the embryo while the mesonephric kidney develops. The pronephros starts to degenerate at NF stage 53. The mesonephros starts to form at NF stage 39 and contuinues to grow into the adult kidney.
eriksegerdell
2009-08-25T11:34:29Z
UBERON:0002113
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003267
kidney
Either of the pair of structures lying on either side of the dorsal aorta in which fluid balance is regulated and waste is excreted out in the form of urine. Amphibians (and fish) have a early kidney, the pronephros/pronephric kidney, which consitsts of a single nephron attached to a pronephric duct, which in turn is linked to the cloaca. The pronephros functions as primary filtration system for the embryo while the mesonephric kidney develops. The pronephros starts to degenerate at NF stage 53. The mesonephros starts to form at NF stage 39 and contuinues to grow into the adult kidney.
AAO:0000250
Xenbase:Staff
Type of presumptive precardiac cell that lie as paired primordia 30 to 45 degrees on either side of the dorsal midline of the embryo. As gastrulation proceeds, these migrate laterally, eventually fusing at the anterior ventral midline, where they differentiate into cardiac tissue. They give rise to the linear heart tube of the fused heart primordium and derive from the cardiac crescent.
eriksegerdell
2009-12-01T04:42:20Z
CPC
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003268
cardiac progenitor cell
Type of presumptive precardiac cell that lie as paired primordia 30 to 45 degrees on either side of the dorsal midline of the embryo. As gastrulation proceeds, these migrate laterally, eventually fusing at the anterior ventral midline, where they differentiate into cardiac tissue. They give rise to the linear heart tube of the fused heart primordium and derive from the cardiac crescent.
PMID:17194606
PMID:2340810
Type of muscle that arises in the zygomatic arch and closes the jaw.
eriksegerdell
2009-12-01T04:45:17Z
UBERON:0011648
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0003269
jaw muscle
Type of muscle that arises in the zygomatic arch and closes the jaw.
UBERON:0003681
A tube shaped portion of tissue lined with epithelial cells that collects secretions and routes them to their destination.
lab
2011-06-16T10:41:29Z
UBERON:0000058
xenopus_anatomy
ducts
XAO:0004000
duct
A tube shaped portion of tissue lined with epithelial cells that collects secretions and routes them to their destination.
UBERON:0000058
ducts
Material anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified by anatomical structures as they pass through the body.
lab
2011-06-16T10:56:39Z
UBERON:0000463
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004001
portion of organism substance
Material anatomical entity in a gaseous, liquid, semisolid or solid state; produced by anatomical structures or derived from inhaled and ingested substances that have been modified by anatomical structures as they pass through the body.
CARO:0000004
Any of the sense organs that detect vibrations carried through water. They develop from a specialized series of dorsolateral ectodermal placodes named lateral line placodes.
lab
2011-06-16T11:03:34Z
UBERON:0010202
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004002
lateral line
Any of the sense organs that detect vibrations carried through water. They develop from a specialized series of dorsolateral ectodermal placodes named lateral line placodes.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Non-material anatomical entity of one dimension, which forms a boundary of an anatomical surface or is a modulation of an anatomical surface.
lab
2011-06-16T11:18:59Z
CARO:0000008
UBERON:0006800
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004003
anatomical line
Non-material anatomical entity of one dimension, which forms a boundary of an anatomical surface or is a modulation of an anatomical surface.
CARO:0000008
Epithelium that consists of epithelial cells not arranged in one ore more layers.
lab
2011-06-20T10:55:41Z
CARO:0000071
UBERON:0000488
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004004
atypical epithelium
Epithelium that consists of epithelial cells not arranged in one ore more layers.
AAO:0010057
Anatomical structure that is contiguous with the embryo and comprises portions of tissue or cells that will not contribute to the embryo.
lab
2011-06-20T11:00:46Z
CARO:0000042
UBERON:0000478
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004005
extraembryonic structure
Anatomical structure that is contiguous with the embryo and comprises portions of tissue or cells that will not contribute to the embryo.
ZFA:0000020
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Epithelium that consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells.
lab
2011-06-20T11:10:18Z
CARO:0000069
UBERON:0000486
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004006
multilaminar epithelium
Epithelium that consists of more than one layer of epithelial cells.
CARO:0000069
Epithelium that consists of a single layer of epithelial cells.
lab
2011-06-20T11:18:11Z
CARO:0000073
UBERON:0000490
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004007
unilaminar epithelium
Epithelium that consists of a single layer of epithelial cells.
CARO:MAH
Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of columnar cells.
lab
2011-06-20T11:19:24Z
CARO:0000068
UBERON:0000485
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004008
simple columnar epithelium
Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of columnar cells.
CARO:MAH
Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of cuboidal cells.
lab
2011-06-20T11:22:50Z
CARO:0000067
UBERON:0000484
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004009
simple cuboidal epithelium
Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of cuboidal cells.
CARO:MAH
Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of squamous cells.
lab
2011-06-20T11:25:42Z
CARO:0000070
UBERON:0000487
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004010
simple squamous epithelium
Unilaminar epithelium that consists of a single layer of squamous cells.
CARO:MAH
Anatomical cluster of the central body axis including the cranium, vertebrae, notochord, ribs, and sternum.
xenbase3
2011-08-22T02:37:32Z
UBERON:0005944
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004011
axial skeleton
Anatomical cluster of the central body axis including the cranium, vertebrae, notochord, ribs, and sternum.
VSAO:0000056
Organ entity that is typically involved in mechanical support and may have different skeletal tissue compositions at different stages.
xenbase3
2011-08-22T03:11:53Z
UBERON:0004765
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004012
skeletal element
Organ entity that is typically involved in mechanical support and may have different skeletal tissue compositions at different stages.
VSAO:0000128
Skeletal element that is composed of cartilage tissue and may be permanent or transient.
xenbase3
2011-08-22T03:25:09Z
UBERON:0007844
cartilaginous element
chondrogenic element
xenopus_anatomy
cartilage
XAO:0004013
cartilage element
Skeletal element that is composed of cartilage tissue and may be permanent or transient.
UBERON:0007844
Bone element that arises as a result of intramembranous ossification.
xenbase3
2011-08-22T03:36:02Z
UBERON:0007842
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004014
membrane bone
Bone element that arises as a result of intramembranous ossification.
UBERON:0007842
Skeletal element that forms superficially in the organism, usually in association with the ectoderm.
xenbase3
2011-08-22T03:36:25Z
UBERON:0008907
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004015
dermal bone
Skeletal element that forms superficially in the organism, usually in association with the ectoderm.
UBERON:0008907
Skeletal element that forms as a replacement or substitution of another element or tissue.
xenbase3
2011-08-22T03:37:56Z
UBERON:0010522
xenopus_anatomy
replacement element
XAO:0004016
regenerating skeletal element
Skeletal element that forms as a replacement or substitution of another element or tissue.
UBERON:0010522
A skeletal element that has the potential to participate in endochondral ossification, and may participate in intramembranous ossification.
xenbase3
2011-08-22T03:38:45Z
UBERON:0010363
endochondral replacement element
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004017
endochondral element
A skeletal element that has the potential to participate in endochondral ossification, and may participate in intramembranous ossification.
UBERON:0010363
Replacement bone that forms within cartilage.
xenbase3
2011-08-22T03:39:53Z
UBERON:0002513
ossified chondrogenic bone
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004018
endochondral bone
Replacement bone that forms within cartilage.
UBERON:0002513
Main component of the vertebral column. It consists of two essential parts, a dorsal neural arch and a ventral centrum.
xenbase3
2011-08-22T03:44:24Z
UBERON:0002412
xenopus_anatomy
vertebrae
XAO:0004019
vertebra
Main component of the vertebral column. It consists of two essential parts, a dorsal neural arch and a ventral centrum.
AAO:0000691
vertebrae
Anatomical structure that is a natural outgrowth, projection, or appendage. A process can be part of a bone, cartilage, tissue, or fin.
xenbase3
2011-08-22T03:58:55Z
UBERON:0004529
flange
lamellae
laminae
projection
ridge
shelf
xenopus_anatomy
bony projection
XAO:0004020
process
Anatomical structure that is a natural outgrowth, projection, or appendage. A process can be part of a bone, cartilage, tissue, or fin.
VSAO:0000180
Anatomical structure that is an aggregation of similar cells from which cartilages and bones form, and from which chondrogenesis and osteogenesis are initiated during repair and/or regeneration.
xenbase3
2011-08-22T04:26:10Z
UBERON:0011585
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004021
cell condensation
Anatomical structure that is an aggregation of similar cells from which cartilages and bones form, and from which chondrogenesis and osteogenesis are initiated during repair and/or regeneration.
PMID:8901191
UBERON:0011585
Cell condensation that is an aggregation of mesenchymal cells that are committed to differentiate into chondroblasts and chondrocytes.
xenbase3
2011-08-22T04:27:08Z
UBERON:0005863
cartilage condensation
chondrogenic condensation
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004022
cartilaginous condensation
Cell condensation that is an aggregation of mesenchymal cells that are committed to differentiate into chondroblasts and chondrocytes.
UBERON:0005863
Cranial skeleton derived from neural crest cells.
xenbase3
2011-08-22T04:39:54Z
cranio-facial skeleton
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004023
craniofacial skeleton
Cranial skeleton derived from neural crest cells.
VSAO:00000082
Anatomical cluster that encompasses the cranium and facial structures.
xenbase3
2011-08-22T04:42:44Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004024
craniofacial region
Anatomical cluster that encompasses the cranium and facial structures.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Skeletal subdivision that undergoes direct development and includes elements that either develop in association with the basement membrane of the ectoderm or are homologous with such elements; includes dermatocranium, components of the appendicular skeleton, teeth and tooth-like elements of the oropharynx, and integumentary elements.
xenbase3
2011-08-22T04:47:40Z
UBERON:0010364
xenopus_anatomy
dermal skeletal system
dermoskeleton
desmoskeleton
exoskeleton
XAO:0004025
dermal skeleton
Skeletal subdivision that undergoes direct development and includes elements that either develop in association with the basement membrane of the ectoderm or are homologous with such elements; includes dermatocranium, components of the appendicular skeleton, teeth and tooth-like elements of the oropharynx, and integumentary elements.
UBERON:0010364
Skeletal system that undergoes indirect development and includes elements that develop as a replacement or substitution of other elements or tissues.
xenbase3
2011-08-22T04:49:15Z
UBERON:0010362
replacement skeleton
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004026
endoskeleton
Skeletal system that undergoes indirect development and includes elements that develop as a replacement or substitution of other elements or tissues.
UBERON:0010362
Anatomical structure composed of a combination of protein fibers, ground substance and tissue fluid; typically has embedded cells.
xenbase3
2011-08-22T04:52:15Z
ECM
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004027
extracellular matrix
Anatomical structure composed of a combination of protein fibers, ground substance and tissue fluid; typically has embedded cells.
VSAO:0000022
Cartilage tissue intermediate between hyaline cartilage and dense connective tissue; contains of abundant collagen fibers; chondrocytes often arranged in columns.
xenbase3
2011-08-22T04:54:35Z
UBERON:0001995
fibrocartilage tissue
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004028
fibrocartilage
Cartilage tissue intermediate between hyaline cartilage and dense connective tissue; contains of abundant collagen fibers; chondrocytes often arranged in columns.
UBERON:0001995
Cartilage tissue primarily composed of type II collagen (thin fibrils) and a glassy appearance.
xenbase3
2011-08-22T04:56:37Z
UBERON:0001994
hyaline cartilage
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004029
hyaline cartilage tissue
Cartilage tissue primarily composed of type II collagen (thin fibrils) and a glassy appearance.
UBERON:0001994
Connective tissue that is dominated by collagen fibers organized into a definitive pattern (e.g., parallel to one another), with comparatively fewer cells (mostly fibroblasts).
xenbase3
2011-08-22T05:06:10Z
UBERON:0007846
dense fibrous connective tissue
dense regular collagenous connective tissue
dense regular collagenous tissue
regular dense connective tissue
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004030
dense regular connective tissue
Connective tissue that is dominated by collagen fibers organized into a definitive pattern (e.g., parallel to one another), with comparatively fewer cells (mostly fibroblasts).
UBERON:0007846
Dense regular connective tissue connecting two or more adjacent skeletal elements or supporting an organ.
xenbase3
2011-08-22T05:06:59Z
UBERON:0000211
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004031
ligament
Dense regular connective tissue connecting two or more adjacent skeletal elements or supporting an organ.
UBERON:0000211
A layer consisting mainly of proteins (especially collagen) and glycosaminoglycans (mostly as proteoglycans) that forms a sheet underlying or overlying cells such as endothelial and epithelial cells. The proteins are secreted by cells in the vicinity.
xenbase3
2011-08-22T05:12:13Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004032
proteinaceous extracellular matrix
A layer consisting mainly of proteins (especially collagen) and glycosaminoglycans (mostly as proteoglycans) that forms a sheet underlying or overlying cells such as endothelial and epithelial cells. The proteins are secreted by cells in the vicinity.
VSAO:0000021
Proteinaceous extracellular matrix that is avascular and consists primarily of glycosaminoglycans.
xenbase3
2011-08-22T05:14:07Z
avascular glycosaminoglycan-rich matrix
cartilage matrix
cartilage-like matrix
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004033
avascular GAG-rich matrix
Proteinaceous extracellular matrix that is avascular and consists primarily of glycosaminoglycans.
VSAO:0000059
Extracellular matrix that is mineralized.
xenbase3
2011-08-22T05:16:11Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004034
mineralized extracellular matrix
Extracellular matrix that is mineralized.
VSAO:0000020
Bone tissue that is an unmineralized bone matrix deposited by osteoblasts prior to the mineralization of bone tissue.
xenbase3
2011-08-22T05:17:00Z
UBERON:0008883
osteoid tissue
pre-bone
prebone
prebone tissue
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004035
osteoid
Bone tissue that is an unmineralized bone matrix deposited by osteoblasts prior to the mineralization of bone tissue.
UBERON:0008883
Avascular GAG-rich matrix that is mineralized.
xenbase3
2011-08-22T05:18:20Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004036
mineralized avascular GAG-rich matrix
Avascular GAG-rich matrix that is mineralized.
VSAO:0000120
Avascular GAG-rich matrix that is not mineralized.
xenbase3
2011-08-22T05:18:57Z
non-mineralized cartilage
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004037
non-mineralized avascular GAG-rich matrix
Avascular GAG-rich matrix that is not mineralized.
VSAO:0000119
A specialized form of connective tissue in which the extracellular matrix is firm, providing the tissue with resilience, and/or mineralized and that functions in mechanical and structural support.
xenbase3
2011-08-22T05:21:47Z
UBERON:0004755
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004038
skeletal tissue
A specialized form of connective tissue in which the extracellular matrix is firm, providing the tissue with resilience, and/or mineralized and that functions in mechanical and structural support.
UBERON:0004755
Skeletal tissue that is mineralized.
xenbase3
2011-08-22T05:22:34Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004039
mineralized tissue
Skeletal tissue that is mineralized.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Bone tissue mineralized with hydroxyapatite.
xenbase3
2011-08-22T05:23:02Z
UBERON:4000115
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004040
mineralized bone tissue
Bone tissue mineralized with hydroxyapatite.
UBERON:4000115
Hyaline cartilage tissue that is mineralized.
xenbase3
2011-08-22T05:25:19Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004041
mineralized hyaline cartilage tissue
Hyaline cartilage tissue that is mineralized.
VSAO:0000109
Anatomical system comprising the sum of all muscles in the body.
xenbase3
2011-08-22T05:28:16Z
UBERON:0000383
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004042
muscular system
Anatomical system comprising the sum of all muscles in the body.
UBERON:0000383
Cartilage tissue that is not mineralized.
xenbase3
2011-08-22T05:30:58Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004043
non-mineralized cartilage tissue
Cartilage tissue that is not mineralized.
VSAO:0000089
Hyaline cartilage tissue that is not mineralized.
xenbase3
2011-08-22T05:32:35Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004044
non-mineralized hyaline cartilage tissue
Hyaline cartilage tissue that is not mineralized.
VSAO:0000108
Cell condensation that is a well-defined population of densely organized mesenchymal cells that aggregates adjacent to an epithelium.
xenbase3
2011-08-23T08:43:35Z
UBERON:0001763
odontogenic condensation
xenopus_anatomy
dental papilla
XAO:0004045
odontogenic papilla
Cell condensation that is a well-defined population of densely organized mesenchymal cells that aggregates adjacent to an epithelium.
VSAO:0000025
Skeletal tissue that is part of the exoskeleton and derived from an odontogenic papilla.
xenbase3
2011-08-23T08:45:58Z
UBERON:0010365
odontogenic tissue
xenopus_anatomy
dental tissue
XAO:0004046
odontoid tissue
Skeletal tissue that is part of the exoskeleton and derived from an odontogenic papilla.
UBERON:0010365
Odontogenic papilla located along the jaws or pharyngeal skeleton.
xenbase3
2011-08-23T08:47:31Z
oropharyngeal dental papilla
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004047
oropharyngeal papilla
Odontogenic papilla located along the jaws or pharyngeal skeleton.
VSAO:0000030
Anatomical cluster that comprises the oral part of the pharynx.
xenbase3
2011-08-23T08:50:17Z
UBERON:0001729
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004048
oropharynx
Anatomical cluster that comprises the oral part of the pharynx.
UBERON:0001729
A layer of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the cartilage of developing bone, consisting of two separate layers: an outer fibrous layer and inner chondrogenic layer. The fibrous layer contains fibroblasts, which produce collagenous fibers. The chondrogenic layer remains undifferentiated and can form chondroblasts or chondrocytes. Perichondrium is a type of connective tissue, and also functions in the growth and repair of cartilage. Once vascularized, the perichondrium becomes the periosteum.
xenbase3
2011-08-23T08:52:43Z
UBERON:0002222
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004049
perichondrium
A layer of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the cartilage of developing bone, consisting of two separate layers: an outer fibrous layer and inner chondrogenic layer. The fibrous layer contains fibroblasts, which produce collagenous fibers. The chondrogenic layer remains undifferentiated and can form chondroblasts or chondrocytes. Perichondrium is a type of connective tissue, and also functions in the growth and repair of cartilage. Once vascularized, the perichondrium becomes the periosteum.
Wikipedia:Perichondrium
Fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the notochord; includes a layer of elastin.
xenbase3
2011-08-23T08:53:53Z
UBERON:0007862
perichordal connective tissue
perichordal sheath
perichordal sheath tissue
xenopus_anatomy
notochord
XAO:0004050
perichordal tissue
Fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the notochord; includes a layer of elastin.
UBERON:0007862
Collagen-rich odontogenic tissue characteristic of teeth and tooth-like skeletal elements (e.g., odontodes); mature dentine is mineralized and develops from predentine tissue; often (but not always) tubular and acellular.
xenbase3
2011-08-23T08:56:47Z
UBERON:0001751
xenopus_anatomy
dental tissue
XAO:0004051
dentine
Collagen-rich odontogenic tissue characteristic of teeth and tooth-like skeletal elements (e.g., odontodes); mature dentine is mineralized and develops from predentine tissue; often (but not always) tubular and acellular.
UBERON:0001751
Odontogenic tissue that is collagen-rich and characteristic of vertebrate teeth and tooth-like structures (e.g., odontodes) deposited by preodontoblasts and odontoblasts that are typically excluded from the matrix.
xenbase3
2011-08-23T08:58:05Z
UBERON:0011587
pre-dentine tissue
predentine tissue
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004052
pre-dentine
Odontogenic tissue that is collagen-rich and characteristic of vertebrate teeth and tooth-like structures (e.g., odontodes) deposited by preodontoblasts and odontoblasts that are typically excluded from the matrix.
UBERON:0011587
Anatomical cluster that consists of all the skeletal elements (eg, bone, cartilage, and teeth) of the body.
xenbase3
2011-08-23T09:00:02Z
UBERON:0004288
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004053
skeleton
Anatomical cluster that consists of all the skeletal elements (eg, bone, cartilage, and teeth) of the body.
UBERON:0004288
Connective tissue that is matrix-poor with large number of vacuolated cells.
xenbase3
2011-08-23T09:02:51Z
notochord proper
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004054
vacuolated notochordal tissue
Connective tissue that is matrix-poor with large number of vacuolated cells.
VSAO:0000053
Cartilage tissue that is mineralized.
xenbase3
2011-08-23T09:31:53Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004055
mineralized cartilage tissue
Cartilage tissue that is mineralized.
VSAO:0000088
Mesenchyme cells that proliferate in the progress zone of developing limb buds.
xenbase3
2011-08-24T10:22:39Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004056
distal mesenchyme
Mesenchyme cells that proliferate in the progress zone of developing limb buds.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Portion of tissue comprising the posterior end of the tail fin.
xenbase3
2011-08-24T10:30:32Z
UBERON:0010162
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004057
tail tip
Portion of tissue comprising the posterior end of the tail fin.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Nerve that is a branch of cranial nerve VIII and innervates the cristae ampullaris.
xenbase3
2011-08-24T10:33:59Z
neural ampulla
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004058
ampullary nerve
Nerve that is a branch of cranial nerve VIII and innervates the cristae ampullaris.
ZFA:0005144
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
A portion of tissue that is re-growing after damage or amputation.
xenbase3
2011-08-24T10:40:19Z
UBERON:0007567
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004059
regenerating tissue
A portion of tissue that is re-growing after damage or amputation.
ZFA:0005147
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
A regenerating tissue composed of a proliferative mass of undifferentiated progenitor cells from which new differentiated structures arise.
xenbase3
2011-08-24T10:42:35Z
UBERON:0005306
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004060
blastema
A regenerating tissue composed of a proliferative mass of undifferentiated progenitor cells from which new differentiated structures arise.
ZFA:0001270
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Fin margin which is part of the dorsal fin.
xenbase3
2011-08-24T10:45:04Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004061
dorsal fin margin
Fin margin which is part of the dorsal fin.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The fin at the posterior part of the body of the tadpole.
xenbase3
2011-08-24T10:47:44Z
xenopus_anatomy
caudal fin
XAO:0004062
tail fin
The fin at the posterior part of the body of the tadpole.
BTO:0001827
The unsupported flaps of epidermis-covered, loose connective tissue extending the length of the dorsal tail muscle, originating at or near the tail-body junction, and extending posteriorly to slightly beyond the tip of the notochord and tail musculature.
xenbase3
2011-08-24T10:57:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004063
dorsal fin
The unsupported flaps of epidermis-covered, loose connective tissue extending the length of the dorsal tail muscle, originating at or near the tail-body junction, and extending posteriorly to slightly beyond the tip of the notochord and tail musculature.
ISBN:0226557634
The ventral part of the tail fin.
xenbase3
2011-08-24T11:06:36Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004064
ventral tail fin
The ventral part of the tail fin.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Fin margin which is part of the ventral fin.
xenbase3
2011-08-24T11:08:17Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004065
ventral fin margin
Fin margin which is part of the ventral fin.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Portion of the cleavage-stage embryo below the equator and consisting of prospective endodermal cells.
xenbase3
2011-08-24T11:12:31Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004066
vegetal endoderm
Portion of the cleavage-stage embryo below the equator and consisting of prospective endodermal cells.
ISBN:0123646200
During gastrulation, the ring of endodermal cells that overlie the larger sub-blastoral endoderm cells.
xenbase3
2011-08-24T11:14:55Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004067
suprablastoporal endoderm
During gastrulation, the ring of endodermal cells that overlie the larger sub-blastoral endoderm cells.
ISBN:0123646200
During gastrulation, the vegetal endodermal cells that lie just below the ring of smaller suprablastoral endoderm cells.
xenbase3
2011-08-24T11:15:44Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004068
sub-blastoporal endoderm
During gastrulation, the vegetal endodermal cells that lie just below the ring of smaller suprablastoral endoderm cells.
ISBN:0123646200
Neural crest that lose their connections to other neuroepithelial cells during the delamination process and begin to migrate. This involves either partial or complete epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Numerous molecules have been demonstrated to guide a neural crest cell's migration to its target tissue.
xenbase3
2011-08-24T11:22:55Z
CL:0000333
xenopus_anatomy
NCMC
migratory neural crest
migratory neural crest cells
neural crest migrating cells
XAO:0004069
migratory neural crest cell
Neural crest that lose their connections to other neuroepithelial cells during the delamination process and begin to migrate. This involves either partial or complete epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Numerous molecules have been demonstrated to guide a neural crest cell's migration to its target tissue.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-4588
migratory neural crest cells
neural crest migrating cells
Multi-tissue structure that is part of the diencephalon ventral to the thalamus consisting of connecting fibers and is a center for control of the autonomous nervous system.
xenbase3
2011-08-24T11:29:04Z
UBERON:0001898
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004070
hypothalamus
Multi-tissue structure that is part of the diencephalon ventral to the thalamus consisting of connecting fibers and is a center for control of the autonomous nervous system.
AAO:0010484
Decussation of cranial nerve II axons whereby some cross the midline and some remain ipsilateral.
xenbase3
2011-08-24T11:35:57Z
UBERON:0000959
OC
optic chiasma
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004071
optic chiasm
Decussation of cranial nerve II axons whereby some cross the midline and some remain ipsilateral.
ZFA:0000556
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The ventral region of the alar hypothalamus. It is a diencephalic nucleus that is part of the preoptic area and is ventrolateral to the caudal parvocellular preoptic nucleus.
xenbase3
2011-08-24T11:41:40Z
UBERON:0002034
SCN
xenopus_anatomy
SC
suprachiasmatic region
XAO:0004072
suprachiasmatic nucleus
The ventral region of the alar hypothalamus. It is a diencephalic nucleus that is part of the preoptic area and is ventrolateral to the caudal parvocellular preoptic nucleus.
PMID:24122702
ZFA:0000441
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Anatomical region between somites.
xenbase3
2011-08-24T12:21:44Z
intersomitic junction
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004074
intersomitic region
Anatomical region between somites.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Primary blood vessel sprouts that originate from the aorta and grow dorsally between the somites.
xenbase3
2011-08-24T12:25:46Z
intersomitic blood vessel
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004075
intersomitic vessel
Primary blood vessel sprouts that originate from the aorta and grow dorsally between the somites.
PMID:17119151
A tendon located in the intersomitic region.
xenbase3
2011-08-24T12:28:10Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004076
intersomitic tendon
A tendon located in the intersomitic region.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Epithelium located in the intersomitic region.
xenbase3
2011-08-24T12:31:19Z
intersomitic membrane
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004077
intersomitic epithelium
Epithelium located in the intersomitic region.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Neuron located in the intersomitic region.
xenbase3
2011-08-24T12:34:45Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004078
intersomitic neuron
Neuron located in the intersomitic region.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Any of the transient sequential subdivisions of the developing hindbrain, all posterior to the midbrain-hindbrain boundary.
xenbase3
2011-08-24T01:19:56Z
UBERON:0001892
xenopus_anatomy
rhombomeres
XAO:0004079
rhombomere
Any of the transient sequential subdivisions of the developing hindbrain, all posterior to the midbrain-hindbrain boundary.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
rhombomeres
The 2nd most anterior segment of the developing hindbrain, which along with r3 is dorsal to brancial arch 1.
xenbase3
2011-08-24T02:00:45Z
UBERON:0005569
r2
rhombomere 2
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004080
rhombomere R2
The 2nd most anterior segment of the developing hindbrain, which along with r3 is dorsal to brancial arch 1.
Xenbase:Staff
The 3rd segment of the developing hindbrain, between rhombomeres r2 and r4, which along with r2 is dorsal to branchial arch 1.
xenbase3
2011-08-24T02:04:40Z
UBERON:0005507
r3
rhombomere 3
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004081
rhombomere R3
The 3rd segment of the developing hindbrain, between rhombomeres r2 and r4, which along with r2 is dorsal to branchial arch 1.
Xenbase:Staff
The 4th segment of the developing hindbrain, between rhombomeres r3 and r5 and dorsal to branchial arch 2.
xenbase3
2011-08-24T02:06:25Z
UBERON:0005511
r4
rhombomere 4
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004082
rhombomere R4
The 4th segment of the developing hindbrain, between rhombomeres r3 and r5 and dorsal to branchial arch 2.
Xenbase:Staff
The 5th segment of the developing hindbrain, between rhombomeres r4 and r6, and dorsal to branchial arch 3.
xenbase3
2011-08-24T02:08:06Z
UBERON:0005515
r5
rhombomere 5
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004083
rhombomere R5
The 5th segment of the developing hindbrain, between rhombomeres r4 and r6, and dorsal to branchial arch 3.
Xenbase:Staff
The 6th segment of the developing hindbrain, directly bordering the midbrain-hindbrain boundary, and dorsal to branchial arch 4.
xenbase3
2011-08-24T02:09:39Z
UBERON:0005519
r6
rhombomere 6
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004084
rhombomere R6
The 6th segment of the developing hindbrain, directly bordering the midbrain-hindbrain boundary, and dorsal to branchial arch 4.
Xenbase:Staff
Specialized epithelial cells involved in the maintenance of osmotic homeostasis. They are characterized by abundant mitochondria and ion transporters. In Xenopus there are two distinct types of ionocytes, described as alpha- and beta- subtypes.
xenbase3
2011-08-24T02:12:18Z
clear cell
intercalated cell
mitochondria-rich cell
narrow cell
CL:0005006
IC
xenopus_anatomy
FORE cell
PSC
proton-secreting cell
XAO:0004085
ionocyte
Specialized epithelial cells involved in the maintenance of osmotic homeostasis. They are characterized by abundant mitochondria and ion transporters. In Xenopus there are two distinct types of ionocytes, described as alpha- and beta- subtypes.
CL:0005006
Part of the neural ectoderm that will become the embryonic midbrain-hindbrain boundary.
xenbase3
2011-08-24T02:24:16Z
UBERON:0007281
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004086
presumptive midbrain-hindbrain boundary
Part of the neural ectoderm that will become the embryonic midbrain-hindbrain boundary.
UBERON:0007281
One of the two edges of the neural groove.
xenbase3
2011-08-24T02:42:38Z
UBERON:0005062
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004087
neural fold
One of the two edges of the neural groove.
UBERON:0005062
The apical region of the animal hemisphere.
xenbase3
2011-08-24T03:18:10Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004088
animal pole
The apical region of the animal hemisphere.
XAO:curator
Anatomical region that surrounds the eye but is within the orbit.
xenbase3
2011-08-24T03:20:21Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004089
periocular region
Anatomical region that surrounds the eye but is within the orbit.
http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/periocular
Portion of tissue that is part of the anterior neural plate and will form the optic vesicle.
xenbase3
2011-08-24T03:24:00Z
UBERON:0003071
xenopus_anatomy
eye primordium
optic primordium
XAO:0004090
optic field
Portion of tissue that is part of the anterior neural plate and will form the optic vesicle.
ZFA:0000570
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The portion of the embryonic ectoderm, including the preplacodal ectoderm, that does not give rise to nervous tissue.
xenbase3
2011-08-24T03:28:19Z
UBERON:0005497
NNE
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004091
non-neural ectoderm
The portion of the embryonic ectoderm, including the preplacodal ectoderm, that does not give rise to nervous tissue.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
A thick, U-shaped primordium positioned at the border of the future epidermis and the neural plate/neural crest forming regions, in the neural stage embryo. This field of naive ectoderm is subdivided into 3 domains, each with distinct gene expression profiles: the anterior PPE (bottom of the U), the lateral PPE (the curves of the U), and the posterior PPE (arms of the U and adjacent to the neural crest/neural plate border). The PPE differentiates into the sensory placodes, which in turn form the adenohypophysis/anterior pituitary gland and sensory organs (such as the olfactory epithelium, lens, trigeminal nerves, epibranchial nerves, otic vesicles and lateral lines).
xenbase3
2011-08-24T03:30:53Z
PPE
pre-placodal ectoderm
xenopus_anatomy
placodal area
XAO:0004092
preplacodal ectoderm
A thick, U-shaped primordium positioned at the border of the future epidermis and the neural plate/neural crest forming regions, in the neural stage embryo. This field of naive ectoderm is subdivided into 3 domains, each with distinct gene expression profiles: the anterior PPE (bottom of the U), the lateral PPE (the curves of the U), and the posterior PPE (arms of the U and adjacent to the neural crest/neural plate border). The PPE differentiates into the sensory placodes, which in turn form the adenohypophysis/anterior pituitary gland and sensory organs (such as the olfactory epithelium, lens, trigeminal nerves, epibranchial nerves, otic vesicles and lateral lines).
PMID:30291163
An embryonic structure positioned halfway between the prospective eye and ear, adjacent to the future midbrain-hindbrain boundary. The profundal and the trigeminal ganglia are separate distally but fused at their proximal end as they condense around NF stage 24.
xenbase3
2011-08-24T03:36:24Z
profundus placode
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004093
profundal placode
An embryonic structure positioned halfway between the prospective eye and ear, adjacent to the future midbrain-hindbrain boundary. The profundal and the trigeminal ganglia are separate distally but fused at their proximal end as they condense around NF stage 24.
PMID:21452441
Epithelium that borders the anterior and equitorial region of the lens. Lens growth occurs via the differentiation of additional fibre cells from lens epithelial cells.
xenbase3
2011-08-24T03:40:12Z
UBERON:0001803
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004094
lens epithelium
Epithelium that borders the anterior and equitorial region of the lens. Lens growth occurs via the differentiation of additional fibre cells from lens epithelial cells.
ZFA:0001326
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The region of the lens of the eye where cells from the anterior epithelial capsule become transformed into the fibers that compose the lens substance.
xenbase3
2011-08-24T03:43:21Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004095
lens transitional zone
The region of the lens of the eye where cells from the anterior epithelial capsule become transformed into the fibers that compose the lens substance.
https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/transitional+zone
Portion of tissue comprising fibers that form the bulk of the lens. They are long, thin, transparent cells.
xenbase3
2011-08-24T03:45:09Z
UBERON:0002444
xenopus_anatomy
lens fiber
lens fiber cells
XAO:0004096
lens fiber cell mass
Portion of tissue comprising fibers that form the bulk of the lens. They are long, thin, transparent cells.
UBERON:0002444
A neuron that laterally connects other neurons in the inner nuclear layer of the retina.
xenbase3
2011-08-24T03:58:01Z
CL:0000745
xenopus_anatomy
horizontal neuron
XAO:0004097
horizontal cell
A neuron that laterally connects other neurons in the inner nuclear layer of the retina.
CL:0000745
A type of interneuron that has two neurites, usually an axon and a dendrite, extending from opposite poles of an ovoid cell body.
xenbase3
2011-08-24T04:01:16Z
CL:0000103
xenopus_anatomy
retinal bipolar cell
XAO:0004098
bipolar neuron
A type of interneuron that has two neurites, usually an axon and a dendrite, extending from opposite poles of an ovoid cell body.
CL:0000103
Interneuron of the retina. They integrate, modulate, and interpose a temporal domain in the visual message presented to the retinal ganglion cells, with which they synapse in the inner plexiform layer. They lack large axons.
xenbase3
2011-08-24T04:06:40Z
CL:0000561
amacrine neuron
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004099
amacrine cell
Interneuron of the retina. They integrate, modulate, and interpose a temporal domain in the visual message presented to the retinal ganglion cells, with which they synapse in the inner plexiform layer. They lack large axons.
CL:0000561
Type of neuron that receives neural inputs via bipolar, horizontal and amacrine cells. The axons of these cells make up the optic nerve.
xenbase3
2011-08-24T04:08:45Z
CL:0000740
RGC
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004100
retinal ganglion cell
Type of neuron that receives neural inputs via bipolar, horizontal and amacrine cells. The axons of these cells make up the optic nerve.
CL:0000740
Diencephalic white matter (tract) that is composed of retinal ganglion cell axons after which they have passed through the optic chiasm.
xenbase3
2011-08-25T09:25:47Z
UBERON:0001908
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004101
optic tract
Diencephalic white matter (tract) that is composed of retinal ganglion cell axons after which they have passed through the optic chiasm.
UBERON:0001908
The portion of the neural plate border that is anterior to the mid-hindbrain junction.
xenbase3
2011-08-25T09:47:05Z
xenopus_anatomy
anterior neural plate border
XAO:0004102
pre-chordal neural plate border
The portion of the neural plate border that is anterior to the mid-hindbrain junction.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The portion of the neural plate border that is posterior to the mid-hindbrain junction, and from which neural crest cells arise.
xenbase3
2011-08-25T09:47:56Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004103
chordal neural plate border
The portion of the neural plate border that is posterior to the mid-hindbrain junction, and from which neural crest cells arise.
Xenbase:Staff
The boundary between non-neural ectoderm and the neural plate of neurula stage embryos, giving rise to the neural crest and cranial placodes.
xenbase3
2011-08-25T09:49:21Z
NPB
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004104
neural plate border
The boundary between non-neural ectoderm and the neural plate of neurula stage embryos, giving rise to the neural crest and cranial placodes.
ISBN:0878933840
Any of bilaterally paired tubes that perform the resorptive and excretory functions of the pronephros, and which connect the pronephric glomeruli to the pronephric ducts.
xenbase3
2011-08-25T09:56:54Z
UBERON:0005310
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004105
pronephric tubule
Any of bilaterally paired tubes that perform the resorptive and excretory functions of the pronephros, and which connect the pronephric glomeruli to the pronephric ducts.
ISBN:0127224416
ZFA:0001558
A portion of forelimb tissue that is re-growing after damage or amputation.
xenbase3
2011-08-25T10:02:27Z
forelimb
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004106
regenerating forelimb
A portion of forelimb tissue that is re-growing after damage or amputation.
Xenbase:Staff
A portion of hind limb tissue that is re-growing after damage or amputation.
xenbase3
2011-08-25T10:02:56Z
hind limb
hindlimb
regenerating hind limb
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004107
regenerating hindlimb
A portion of hind limb tissue that is re-growing after damage or amputation.
Xenbase:Staff
A portion of tail tissue that is re-growing after damage or amputation.
xenbase3
2011-08-25T10:03:11Z
tail
xenopus_anatomy
tail blastema
XAO:0004108
regenerating tail
A portion of tail tissue that is re-growing after damage or amputation.
Xenbase:Staff
A portion of eye tissue that is re-growing after damage or amputation.
xenbase3
2011-08-25T10:03:22Z
eye
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004109
regenerating eye
A portion of eye tissue that is re-growing after damage or amputation.
Xenbase:Staff
A cell found in the retina of the eye that is specialized to detect and transduce light.
xenbase3
2011-08-25T10:17:43Z
CL:0000287
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004110
eye photoreceptor cell
A cell found in the retina of the eye that is specialized to detect and transduce light.
CL:0000210
One of the two photoreceptor cell types in the retina. In cones the photopigment is in invaginations of the cell membrane of the outer segment. Cones are less sensitive to light than rods, but they provide vision with higher spatial and temporal acuity, and the combination of signals from cones with different pigments allows color vision.
xenbase3
2011-08-25T10:19:21Z
CL:0000573
cone photoreceptor cell
eye photoreceptor cell (cone)
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004111
retinal cone cell
One of the two photoreceptor cell types in the retina. In cones the photopigment is in invaginations of the cell membrane of the outer segment. Cones are less sensitive to light than rods, but they provide vision with higher spatial and temporal acuity, and the combination of signals from cones with different pigments allows color vision.
CL:0000573
One of the two photoreceptor cell types of the retina. In rods the photopigment is in stacks of membranous disks separate from the outer cell membrane. Rods are more sensitive to light than cones, but rod mediated vision has less spatial and temporal resolution than cone vision.
xenbase3
2011-08-25T10:22:13Z
CL:0000604
eye photoreceptor cell (rod)
rod photoreceptor cell
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004112
retinal rod cell
One of the two photoreceptor cell types of the retina. In rods the photopigment is in stacks of membranous disks separate from the outer cell membrane. Rods are more sensitive to light than cones, but rod mediated vision has less spatial and temporal resolution than cone vision.
CL:0000604
The apical region of the vegetal hemisphere.
xenbase3
2011-08-25T10:25:07Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004113
vegetal pole
The apical region of the vegetal hemisphere.
XAO:curator
A developing female gamete that is at the pre-vitellogenic stage.
xenbase3
2011-08-25T10:27:57Z
pre-vitellogenic oocyte
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004114
stage I oocyte
A developing female gamete that is at the pre-vitellogenic stage.
Xenbase:Staff
A developing female gamete that is at the early vitellogenic stage.
xenbase3
2011-08-25T10:28:59Z
early vitellogenic oocyte
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004115
stage II oocyte
A developing female gamete that is at the early vitellogenic stage.
Xenbase:Staff
A developing female gamete that is at the mid-vitellogenic stage.
xenbase3
2011-08-25T10:30:01Z
mid-vitellogenic oocyte
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004116
stage III oocyte
A developing female gamete that is at the mid-vitellogenic stage.
Xenbase:Staff
A developing female gamete that is at the stage in which polarization along the animal-vegetal axis is established.
xenbase3
2011-08-25T10:30:48Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004117
stage IV oocyte
A developing female gamete that is at the stage in which polarization along the animal-vegetal axis is established.
Xenbase:Staff
A developing female gamete that is at the late vitellogenic stage.
xenbase3
2011-08-25T10:31:45Z
late vitellogenic oocyte
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004118
stage V oocyte
A developing female gamete that is at the late vitellogenic stage.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
A female gamete that is at the fully grown stage.
xenbase3
2011-08-25T10:32:29Z
post-vitellogenic oocyte
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004119
stage VI oocyte
A female gamete that is at the fully grown stage.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
A sheet of extracellular matrix that separates the outer myocardial cell layer from the inner endocardial tube in the early embryonic heart. As the heart is going through the looping stages, this extracellular matrix/cardiac jelly starts to thicken in two regions, the atrioventricular canal region and the ventricular outflow tract region. These two discrete swellings of cardiac jelly are known as cardiac cushions. The cardiac jelly plays a central role in the septation of the heart and comprises most of the thickness of the heart wall at early stages, but disappears as the heart differentiates.
xenbase3
2011-08-25T10:49:57Z
UBERON:0003906
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004120
cardiac jelly
A sheet of extracellular matrix that separates the outer myocardial cell layer from the inner endocardial tube in the early embryonic heart. As the heart is going through the looping stages, this extracellular matrix/cardiac jelly starts to thicken in two regions, the atrioventricular canal region and the ventricular outflow tract region. These two discrete swellings of cardiac jelly are known as cardiac cushions. The cardiac jelly plays a central role in the septation of the heart and comprises most of the thickness of the heart wall at early stages, but disappears as the heart differentiates.
PMID:19890915
A thickened layer of ectodermal cells at the distal tip of a developing limb bud. Along with the zone of polarizing activity, it is a crucial organizing region during limb development.
xenbase3
2011-08-25T10:53:20Z
UBERON:0004356
AER
apical epidermal ridge
epidermal ridge
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004121
apical ectodermal ridge
A thickened layer of ectodermal cells at the distal tip of a developing limb bud. Along with the zone of polarizing activity, it is a crucial organizing region during limb development.
Wikipedia:Apical_ectodermal_ridge
Anatomical cluster that consists of rapidly dividing cells.
xenbase3
2011-08-25T10:57:21Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004122
proliferative region
Anatomical cluster that consists of rapidly dividing cells.
ZFA:0000098
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The part of the heart connecting the atrium to the cardiac ventricle.
xenbase3
2011-08-25T11:16:48Z
UBERON:0002087
AV canal
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004123
atrioventricular canal
The part of the heart connecting the atrium to the cardiac ventricle.
PMID:10644411
ZFA:0001315
Endocardium that is part of the atrioventricular canal.
xenbase3
2011-08-25T11:19:42Z
UBERON:0003930
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004124
atrioventricular canal endocardium
Endocardium that is part of the atrioventricular canal.
PMID:10644411
ZFA:0001616
A portion of tissue forming a cusp guarding the opening of the atrioventricular valve.
xenbase3
2011-08-25T11:20:57Z
xenopus_anatomy
atrioventricular valve leaflets
XAO:0004125
atrioventricular valve leaflet
A portion of tissue forming a cusp guarding the opening of the atrioventricular valve.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
atrioventricular valve leaflets
Portion of tissue that prevents regurgitation of blood from the ventricles to the atria or from the pulmonary arteries or aorta to the ventricles.
xenbase3
2011-08-25T11:22:41Z
UBERON:0000946
xenopus_anatomy
heart valve
XAO:0004126
cardiac valve
Portion of tissue that prevents regurgitation of blood from the ventricles to the atria or from the pulmonary arteries or aorta to the ventricles.
UBERON:0000946
Muscle that pulls the hyoid apparatus forward and depresses the lower jaw.
xenbase3
2011-08-25T11:33:42Z
XAO:0004347
UBERON:0011151
geniohyoideus
mgh
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004127
m. geniohyoideus
Muscle that pulls the hyoid apparatus forward and depresses the lower jaw.
Xenbase:Staff
Muscle of the abdomen that continues anteriorly as the m. rectus cervicis.
xenbase3
2011-08-25T11:34:32Z
UBERON:0002382
rectus abdominis
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004128
m. rectus abdominis
Muscle of the abdomen that continues anteriorly as the m. rectus cervicis.
ISBN:080184780X
Xenbase:Staff
Muscle that retracts the hyoid and, therefore, the tongue.
xenbase3
2011-08-25T11:34:53Z
XAO:0004348
mrc
rectus cervicis
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004129
m. rectus cervicus
Muscle that retracts the hyoid and, therefore, the tongue.
Xenbase:Staff
A mechanoreceptor cell located in the inner ear that is sensitive to auditory stimuli. The accessory sensory structures are arranged so that appropriate stimuli cause movement of the hair-like projections (stereocilia and kinocilia) which relay the information centrally in the nervous system.
xenbase3
2011-08-25T11:41:17Z
CL:0000202
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004130
auditory hair cell
A mechanoreceptor cell located in the inner ear that is sensitive to auditory stimuli. The accessory sensory structures are arranged so that appropriate stimuli cause movement of the hair-like projections (stereocilia and kinocilia) which relay the information centrally in the nervous system.
CL:0000202
Horizontal (lateral) patch of cristae/sensory epithelia cells of the inner ear.
xenbase3
2011-08-25T11:44:54Z
horizontal crista
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004131
lateral crista
Horizontal (lateral) patch of cristae/sensory epithelia cells of the inner ear.
PMID:20201105
Presumptive structure at the animal pole of the blastula that will develop into ectoderm.
xenbase3
2011-08-26T08:59:00Z
UBERON:0006601
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004132
presumptive ectoderm
Presumptive structure at the animal pole of the blastula that will develop into ectoderm.
UBERON:0006601
Posterior patch of cristae/sensory epithelia cells of the inner ear.
xenbase3
2011-08-26T09:03:42Z
UBERON:0007275
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004133
posterior crista
Posterior patch of cristae/sensory epithelia cells of the inner ear.
PMID:20201105
Presumptive structure that will develop into paraxial mesoderm.
xenbase3
2011-08-26T09:08:28Z
UBERON:0007285
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004134
presumptive paraxial mesoderm
Presumptive structure that will develop into paraxial mesoderm.
Xenbase:Staff
The interface between the dorsal neuroepithelium and the roof plate of the fourth ventricle. The source of a number of migratory neuron populations of the hindbrain.
xenbase3
2011-08-26T09:25:54Z
UBERON:0006215
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004135
rhombic lip
The interface between the dorsal neuroepithelium and the roof plate of the fourth ventricle. The source of a number of migratory neuron populations of the hindbrain.
UBERON:0006215
Portion of tissue that is a patch of thickened, pseudostratified epithelium in the inner ear, consisting of regular arrays of sensory hair cells interspersed with supporting cells. The macula saccule senses linear acceleration and gravity.
xenbase3
2011-08-26T09:31:03Z
UBERON:0002212
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004136
saccular macula
Portion of tissue that is a patch of thickened, pseudostratified epithelium in the inner ear, consisting of regular arrays of sensory hair cells interspersed with supporting cells. The macula saccule senses linear acceleration and gravity.
PMID:20201105
Anterior patch of cristae/sensory epithelia cells of the inner ear.
xenbase3
2011-08-26T09:42:59Z
UBERON:0007274
xenopus_anatomy
anterior cristae
XAO:0004137
anterior crista
Anterior patch of cristae/sensory epithelia cells of the inner ear.
PMID:20201105
anterior cristae
A specialized epithelial cell involved in sensory perception. Restricted to special sense organs of the olfactory, gustatory, and vestibuloauditory systems; they contain sensory cells surrounded by supportive, non-receptive cells.
xenbase3
2011-08-26T09:52:26Z
CL:0000098
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004138
sensory epithelial cell
A specialized epithelial cell involved in sensory perception. Restricted to special sense organs of the olfactory, gustatory, and vestibuloauditory systems; they contain sensory cells surrounded by supportive, non-receptive cells.
CL:0000098
The portion of the heart through which blood flows into the pulmocutaneous and systemic arteries. It is derived from cardiac precusor cells of the secondary heart field, and septation is incomplete.
xenbase3
2011-08-26T10:12:24Z
UBERON:0004145
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004139
outflow tract
The portion of the heart through which blood flows into the pulmocutaneous and systemic arteries. It is derived from cardiac precusor cells of the secondary heart field, and septation is incomplete.
PMID:10644411
PMID:20671188
UBERON:0004145
A portion of either the left ventricle or right ventricle of the heart through which blood passes in order to enter the great arteries. The right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) is an infundibular extension of the ventricular cavity which connects to the pulmonary artery. The left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT), which connects to the aorta, is nearly indistinguishable from the rest of the ventricle.
xenbase3
2011-08-26T10:17:59Z
UBERON:0005337
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004140
ventricular outflow tract
A portion of either the left ventricle or right ventricle of the heart through which blood passes in order to enter the great arteries. The right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) is an infundibular extension of the ventricular cavity which connects to the pulmonary artery. The left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT), which connects to the aorta, is nearly indistinguishable from the rest of the ventricle.
PMID:10644411
UBERON:0005337
The thin, spiral-shaped membranous structure within the ventricular outflow tract of the heart.
xenbase3
2011-08-26T10:22:27Z
UBERON:0002099
xenopus_anatomy
spiral septa
XAO:0004141
spiral septum
The thin, spiral-shaped membranous structure within the ventricular outflow tract of the heart.
PMID:10644411
spiral septa
Ganglion that provides afferent innervation for hair cells associated with both the auditory and vestibular components of the inner ear. As the otic placode invaginates into a cup neuroblasts delaminate from the anterior ventral aspect of the otic epithelium to give rise to neurons of the vestibulocochlear (statoacoustic) ganglion of cranial nerve VIII.
xenbase3
2011-08-26T10:41:25Z
UBERON:0002827
statoacoustic (VIII) ganglion
statoacoustic ganglion
vestibulocochlear VIII ganglion
xenopus_anatomy
vestibulocochlear ganglia
XAO:0004142
vestibulocochlear ganglion
Ganglion that provides afferent innervation for hair cells associated with both the auditory and vestibular components of the inner ear. As the otic placode invaginates into a cup neuroblasts delaminate from the anterior ventral aspect of the otic epithelium to give rise to neurons of the vestibulocochlear (statoacoustic) ganglion of cranial nerve VIII.
PMID:21452441
vestibulocochlear ganglia
Any network of intercommunicating blood vessels.
xenbase3
2011-08-26T10:59:34Z
UBERON:0005629
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004143
vascular plexus
Any network of intercommunicating blood vessels.
Xenbase:Staff
Region that is overlapping, anterior, and dorsal to the main body of the ventral blood island.
xenbase3
2011-08-26T11:20:29Z
blood island
aVBI
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004144
anterior ventral blood island
Region that is overlapping, anterior, and dorsal to the main body of the ventral blood island.
PMID:21069823
A small, oval, bony chamber of the labyrinth. The vestibule contains the utricle and saccule, organs which are part of the balancing apparatus of the ear.
xenbase3
2011-08-26T11:46:49Z
UBERON:0001862
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004145
vestibular apparatus
A small, oval, bony chamber of the labyrinth. The vestibule contains the utricle and saccule, organs which are part of the balancing apparatus of the ear.
UBERON:0005236
A pluripotent cell in the ventral blood island that can give rise to mesenchymal cells including erythrocytes and endothelial cells.
lab
2011-08-30T10:27:52Z
CL:0002418
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004146
hemangioblast
A pluripotent cell in the ventral blood island that can give rise to mesenchymal cells including erythrocytes and endothelial cells.
PMID:11495698
One of two veins that run upward at first in front, and subsequently on either side of the intestinal canal. They unite on the ventral aspect of the canal, and beyond this are connected to one another by two anastomotic branches, one on the dorsal, and the other on the ventral aspect of the duodenal portion of the intestine, which is thus encircled by two venous rings; into the middle or dorsal anastomosis the superior mesenteric vein opens. The portions of the veins above the upper ring become interrupted by the developing liver and broken up by it into a plexus of small capillary-like vessels termed sinusoids.
lab
2011-08-30T10:36:35Z
UBERON:0005487
vascular vitelline network
xenopus_anatomy
vitelline veins
XAO:0004147
vitelline vein
One of two veins that run upward at first in front, and subsequently on either side of the intestinal canal. They unite on the ventral aspect of the canal, and beyond this are connected to one another by two anastomotic branches, one on the dorsal, and the other on the ventral aspect of the duodenal portion of the intestine, which is thus encircled by two venous rings; into the middle or dorsal anastomosis the superior mesenteric vein opens. The portions of the veins above the upper ring become interrupted by the developing liver and broken up by it into a plexus of small capillary-like vessels termed sinusoids.
UBERON:0005487
vitelline veins
A cell of the monocyte, granulocyte, mast cell, megakaryocyte, or erythroid lineage.
lab
2011-08-30T10:44:28Z
CL:0000763
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004148
myeloid cell
A cell of the monocyte, granulocyte, mast cell, megakaryocyte, or erythroid lineage.
CL:0000763
Cell that comprises the outermost layer or lining of anatomical structures and can be squamous or cuboidal.
lab
2011-08-30T10:48:16Z
CL:0000115
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004149
endothelial cell
Cell that comprises the outermost layer or lining of anatomical structures and can be squamous or cuboidal.
CL:0000115
An immature or mature cell in the lineage leading to and including erythrocytes.
lab
2011-08-30T10:53:48Z
CL:0000764
xenopus_anatomy
erythroid cell
XAO:0004150
erythroid lineage cell
An immature or mature cell in the lineage leading to and including erythrocytes.
CL:0000764
Posterior vascular precursor cells of the tail region.
lab
2011-08-30T11:01:48Z
UBERON:0010204
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004151
tail vasculature
Posterior vascular precursor cells of the tail region.
PMID:21069823
The blood vessels of the head region.
lab
2011-08-30T11:05:38Z
UBERON:0002200
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004152
head vasculature
The blood vessels of the head region.
PMID:21069823
Blood vessels of the retina. May be visible in periocular stainings.
lab
2011-08-30T11:39:54Z
UBERON:0004864
xenopus_anatomy
retinal blood vessels
XAO:0004153
retinal blood vessel
Blood vessels of the retina. May be visible in periocular stainings.
Xenbase:Staff
retinal blood vessels
Vessels that are associated with the posterior region of the lens.
lab
2011-08-30T11:43:24Z
UBERON:0005492
hyaloid blood vessels
hyaloid vessel
hyaloid vessels
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004154
hyaloid blood vessel
Vessels that are associated with the posterior region of the lens.
ZFA:0005046
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
hyaloid blood vessels
hyaloid vessels
The hyaloid artery is a branch of the ophthalmic artery, which is itself a branch of the internal carotid artery. It is contained within the optic stalk of the eye and extends from the optic disc through the vitreous humor to the lens. Its purpose is to supply nutrient to the developing lens.
lab
2011-08-30T11:47:17Z
UBERON:0002270
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004155
hyaloid artery
The hyaloid artery is a branch of the ophthalmic artery, which is itself a branch of the internal carotid artery. It is contained within the optic stalk of the eye and extends from the optic disc through the vitreous humor to the lens. Its purpose is to supply nutrient to the developing lens.
UBERON:0002270
Vein internal to the eye.
lab
2011-08-30T11:51:28Z
UBERON:0006011
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004156
hyaloid vein
Vein internal to the eye.
UBERON:006011
Network of intersecting blood vessels associated with the posterior region of the lens.
lab
2011-08-30T11:53:20Z
UBERON:0005607
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004157
hyaloid vascular plexus
Network of intersecting blood vessels associated with the posterior region of the lens.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Vein that crosses the head dorsally at NF stage 37/38 and drains into the vena capitis medialis.
lab
2011-08-30T12:00:30Z
UBERON:0001672
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004158
anterior cerebral vein
Vein that crosses the head dorsally at NF stage 37/38 and drains into the vena capitis medialis.
PMID:12606281
Vein that drains the dorsal longitudinal vessel and the caudal portions of the venous capillary network of the medulla oblongata. The cerebral veins cross the head dorsally at NF stage 37-38. It drains into the vena capitis lateralis.
lab
2011-08-30T12:13:01Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004159
posterior cerebral vein
Vein that drains the dorsal longitudinal vessel and the caudal portions of the venous capillary network of the medulla oblongata. The cerebral veins cross the head dorsally at NF stage 37-38. It drains into the vena capitis lateralis.
PMID:12606281
ZFA:0005027
The cerebral veins are divisible into external and internal groups according to the outer surfaces or the inner parts of the hemispheres they drain into. The veins are the anterior cerebral veins, posterior cerebral veins, and middle cerebral vein which cross dorsally between the bilateral vena capitis lateralis.
lab
2011-08-30T12:16:59Z
UBERON:0001663
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004160
cerebral vein
The cerebral veins are divisible into external and internal groups according to the outer surfaces or the inner parts of the hemispheres they drain into. The veins are the anterior cerebral veins, posterior cerebral veins, and middle cerebral vein which cross dorsally between the bilateral vena capitis lateralis.
UBERON:001663
Type of vein that crosses the head dorsally at NF stage 37/38 and drains into the vena capitis lateralis.
lab
2011-08-30T12:23:07Z
mid cerebral vein
mid-cerebral vein
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004161
middle cerebral vein
Type of vein that crosses the head dorsally at NF stage 37/38 and drains into the vena capitis lateralis.
PMID:12606281
Type of artery that carries blood from the heart to the lungs. They are the only arteries that carry deoxygenated blood. Develops from aortic arch 6.
lab
2011-08-30T01:59:48Z
UBERON:0002012
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004162
pulmonary artery
Type of artery that carries blood from the heart to the lungs. They are the only arteries that carry deoxygenated blood. Develops from aortic arch 6.
UBERON:0002012
A precursor cell of the vascular endothelium which organizes into the primitive blood vessels during embryogenesis.
lab
2011-08-30T02:11:31Z
CL:0000566
angioblasts
xenopus_anatomy
angioblastic mesenchymal cell
XAO:0004163
angioblast
A precursor cell of the vascular endothelium which organizes into the primitive blood vessels during embryogenesis.
PMID:9729498
angioblasts
Type of vein that sprouts from the posterior cardinal vein, growing dorsally between the somites, and then joining, and draining the dorsal longitudinal anastomosing vessel.
lab
2011-08-30T02:26:59Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004164
intersomitic vein
Type of vein that sprouts from the posterior cardinal vein, growing dorsally between the somites, and then joining, and draining the dorsal longitudinal anastomosing vessel.
PMID:12606281
The small branching sprouts of the dorsal aorta that grow across the medial surface of the somite, turn right angles to grow over that surface and then fuse with other sprouts and form the vertebral arteries adjacent to the neural tube; the intersomitic arteries supply the body wall and persist in the adult as the posterior intercostal, subcostal and the lumbar arteries.
lab
2011-08-30T02:29:23Z
UBERON:0006001
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004165
intersomitic artery
The small branching sprouts of the dorsal aorta that grow across the medial surface of the somite, turn right angles to grow over that surface and then fuse with other sprouts and form the vertebral arteries adjacent to the neural tube; the intersomitic arteries supply the body wall and persist in the adult as the posterior intercostal, subcostal and the lumbar arteries.
PMID:12606281
In the trunk region, one of the veins into which the subintestinal vein drains, and which breaks up to merge with the vitelline network at NF stage 40.
lab
2011-08-31T10:32:04Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004166
left omphalomesenteric vein
In the trunk region, one of the veins into which the subintestinal vein drains, and which breaks up to merge with the vitelline network at NF stage 40.
PMID:12606281
The artery that crosses the brain dorsally, and meets the metencephalic vein.
lab
2011-08-31T10:38:54Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004167
metencephalic artery
The artery that crosses the brain dorsally, and meets the metencephalic vein.
PMID:12606281
The vein that crosses the brain dorsally, parallel with the mid-cerebral vein, and meets the metencephalic artery.
lab
2011-08-31T10:43:06Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004168
metencephalic vein
The vein that crosses the brain dorsally, parallel with the mid-cerebral vein, and meets the metencephalic artery.
PMID:12606281
The dorsal branch/remnant of the vena capitis medialis, that drains blood from the eye. Together with the opthalmic artery, form a double ring encircling the eye and retina.
lab
2011-08-31T11:03:57Z
UBERON:0011191
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004169
ophthalmic vein
The dorsal branch/remnant of the vena capitis medialis, that drains blood from the eye. Together with the opthalmic artery, form a double ring encircling the eye and retina.
PMID:12606281
One of the major dorsal head veins that drains into the anterior cardinal vein, the other being the vena capitis lateralis.
lab
2011-08-31T11:14:19Z
VCM
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004170
vena capitis medialis
One of the major dorsal head veins that drains into the anterior cardinal vein, the other being the vena capitis lateralis.
PMID:12606281
One of the major dorsal head veins that drains into the anterior cardinal vein, the other being the vena capitis medialis.
lab
2011-08-31T11:22:11Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004171
vena capitis lateralis
One of the major dorsal head veins that drains into the anterior cardinal vein, the other being the vena capitis medialis.
PMID:12606281
Vein that is formed from and drains into the left omphalomesentric vein, and by NF stage 40, it is on the left side of the gut. It moves to the most ventral aspect of the gut during stage 41, and is on the right side of the gut by stage 43.
lab
2011-08-31T11:24:56Z
UBERON:0011944
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004172
subintestinal vein
Vein that is formed from and drains into the left omphalomesentric vein, and by NF stage 40, it is on the left side of the gut. It moves to the most ventral aspect of the gut during stage 41, and is on the right side of the gut by stage 43.
PMID:12606281
The major artery of the midbrain, which crosses the midbrain medially to meet its partner the mesencephalic vein.
lab
2011-08-31T12:02:13Z
UBERON:0001634
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004173
mesencephalic artery
The major artery of the midbrain, which crosses the midbrain medially to meet its partner the mesencephalic vein.
PMID:12606281
The major vein of the midbrain, which crosses the midbrain medially to meet its partner the mesencephalic artery.
lab
2011-08-31T12:04:02Z
UBERON:0010205
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004174
mesencephalic vein
The major vein of the midbrain, which crosses the midbrain medially to meet its partner the mesencephalic artery.
PMID:12606281
The main artery of the olfactory region which arises from the cerebral artery at NF stage 41.
lab
2011-08-31T12:13:11Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004175
nasociliary artery
The main artery of the olfactory region which arises from the cerebral artery at NF stage 41.
PMID:12606281
A plexus of capillaries that is located anteromedial to the eye. It is a capillary layer in the choroid. It is in contact with the basal surface of the retinal pigmented epithelium and supplies the photoreceptors with oxygen and nutrients. The fused basement membrane of this capillary layer and the pigmented epithelium is called Bruch's membrane.
lab
2011-08-31T12:26:08Z
UBERON:0010078
capillary lamina of choroid
choriocapillaris
choroidal vascular plexus
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004176
optic choroid vascular plexus
A plexus of capillaries that is located anteromedial to the eye. It is a capillary layer in the choroid. It is in contact with the basal surface of the retinal pigmented epithelium and supplies the photoreceptors with oxygen and nutrients. The fused basement membrane of this capillary layer and the pigmented epithelium is called Bruch's membrane.
ISBN:1402073755
Vessel into which intersomitic vessels enter in a regular pattern at each intersomitic junction. Posterior to the gut, the DLAV drains into the fused posterior cardinal vein by a minor right branch and a major left branch. By NF stage 36 the DLAV extends fully to the tip of the tail.
lab
2011-08-31T01:27:30Z
DLAV
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004177
dorsal longitudinal anastomosing vessel
Vessel into which intersomitic vessels enter in a regular pattern at each intersomitic junction. Posterior to the gut, the DLAV drains into the fused posterior cardinal vein by a minor right branch and a major left branch. By NF stage 36 the DLAV extends fully to the tip of the tail.
PMID:12606281
The major (left) branch of the dorsal longitudinal anastomosing vessel (dlav); it remains as the sole branch after the right branch breaks up at NF stage 44.
lab
2011-08-31T01:33:06Z
xenopus_anatomy
DLAV - left branch
XAO:0004178
dorsal longitudinal anastomosing vessel - left branch
The major (left) branch of the dorsal longitudinal anastomosing vessel (dlav); it remains as the sole branch after the right branch breaks up at NF stage 44.
PMID:12606281
The minor (right) branch of the dorsal longitudinal anastomosing vessel (dlav); the right branch disappears during NF stage 44.
lab
2011-08-31T01:38:24Z
DLAV - right branch
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004179
dorsal longitudinal anastomosing vessel - right branch
The minor (right) branch of the dorsal longitudinal anastomosing vessel (dlav); the right branch disappears during NF stage 44.
PMID:12606281
Part of the telencephalon, comprising paired anterior outgrowths of either of the cerebral hemispheres in which the olfactory nerve exits. The olfactory bulbs begin to fuse at NF stage 50, and fusion is complete around NF stage 58. The cerebral vein loops around the olfactory bulb by NF stage 43.
lab
2011-08-31T02:08:00Z
UBERON:0002264
OB
bulbus olfactorius
xenopus_anatomy
olfactory lobe
XAO:0004180
olfactory bulb
Part of the telencephalon, comprising paired anterior outgrowths of either of the cerebral hemispheres in which the olfactory nerve exits. The olfactory bulbs begin to fuse at NF stage 50, and fusion is complete around NF stage 58. The cerebral vein loops around the olfactory bulb by NF stage 43.
AAO:0010165
ISBN:0815318960
Type of myocyte that is responsible for heart contraction.
lab
2011-09-02T09:18:06Z
CL:0000746
xenopus_anatomy
cardiac muscle cell
cardiac muscle cells
cardiac myocytes
cardiomyocyte
cardiomyocytes
XAO:0004181
cardiac myocyte
Type of myocyte that is responsible for heart contraction.
CL:0000746
cardiac muscle cells
cardiac myocytes
cardiomyocytes
The outer membrane/wall of the developing heart, surrounding the myocardium. Peritoneum that surrounds the heart.
lab
2011-09-02T09:40:58Z
UBERON:0002407
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004182
pericardium
The outer membrane/wall of the developing heart, surrounding the myocardium. Peritoneum that surrounds the heart.
AAO:0010817
Muscle that is paired and runs anterio-posteriorly along the heart and is covered with epicardium.
lab
2011-09-02T09:46:21Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004183
pericardial muscle
Muscle that is paired and runs anterio-posteriorly along the heart and is covered with epicardium.
ZFA:0001653
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The dorsal region of the pericardium.
lab
2011-09-02T10:01:41Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004184
pericardial roof
The dorsal region of the pericardium.
PMID:18598690
The field of cardiac progenitor cells that form the heart tube in the embryonic heart.
lab
2011-09-02T10:49:26Z
UBERON:0004140
first heart field
xenopus_anatomy
FHF
PHF
XAO:0004185
primary heart field
The field of cardiac progenitor cells that form the heart tube in the embryonic heart.
PMID:18598690
PMID:20671188
The population of cells located in the splanchnic mesoderm that contribute to the formation of the spiral septum of the outflow tract of the embryonic heart; it is located anterior to the primary heart field.
lab
2011-09-02T10:56:21Z
UBERON:0009889
second heart field
xenopus_anatomy
SHF
XAO:0004186
secondary heart field
The population of cells located in the splanchnic mesoderm that contribute to the formation of the spiral septum of the outflow tract of the embryonic heart; it is located anterior to the primary heart field.
PMID:18598690
PMID:20671188
Branchial crest that is the 3rd neural crest stream and lays between hyoid crest and posterior branchial crest.
lab
2011-09-02T11:14:48Z
ABC
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004187
anterior branchial crest
Branchial crest that is the 3rd neural crest stream and lays between hyoid crest and posterior branchial crest.
PMID:21490068
Branchial crest that is the most posterior of the five neural crest streams.
lab
2011-09-02T11:18:11Z
PBC
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004188
posterior branchial crest
Branchial crest that is the most posterior of the five neural crest streams.
PMID:21490068
The discrete swellings of cardiac jelly in the outflow tract and ventricular walls of the developing embryonic heart.
lab
2011-09-02T02:17:35Z
UBERON:0002062
xenopus_anatomy
cardiac cushion
XAO:0004189
endocardial cushion
The discrete swellings of cardiac jelly in the outflow tract and ventricular walls of the developing embryonic heart.
PMID:21490068
Neural crest that develops from the dorsal neural tube. It overlaps the vagal neural crest and migrates to contribute to the pharyngeal arches 3, 4 and 6 (producing structures in the head) and to the heart where it contributes to connective tissue (septa) that separates the vessels of the heart. Cardiac neural crest develops into melanocytes, cartilage, connective tissue and neurons of some pharyngeal arches.
lab
2011-09-02T02:35:20Z
UBERON:0000095
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004190
cardiac neural crest
Neural crest that develops from the dorsal neural tube. It overlaps the vagal neural crest and migrates to contribute to the pharyngeal arches 3, 4 and 6 (producing structures in the head) and to the heart where it contributes to connective tissue (septa) that separates the vessels of the heart. Cardiac neural crest develops into melanocytes, cartilage, connective tissue and neurons of some pharyngeal arches.
Wikipedia:Cardiac_neural_crest_complex
One of the 5 distinct and partially overlapping functional domains of the premigratory neural crest. Together with the sacral neural crest cells, they develop into the ganglia of the enteric nervous system, also known as the parasympathetic ganglia. These cells, between the head and trunk, contribute post-cranially to the heart and gut, the chromatophores (pigment cells) of the epidermis, and the majority of the neurons and glial cells of the enteric nervous system. Both vagal and sacral neural crest cells contribute to the enteric nervous system in the hindgut.
lab
2011-09-02T02:50:42Z
UBERON:0005428
VNC
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004191
vagal neural crest
One of the 5 distinct and partially overlapping functional domains of the premigratory neural crest. Together with the sacral neural crest cells, they develop into the ganglia of the enteric nervous system, also known as the parasympathetic ganglia. These cells, between the head and trunk, contribute post-cranially to the heart and gut, the chromatophores (pigment cells) of the epidermis, and the majority of the neurons and glial cells of the enteric nervous system. Both vagal and sacral neural crest cells contribute to the enteric nervous system in the hindgut.
PMID:9753687
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-4588
One of the 5 distinct and partially overlapping functional domains of the premigratory neural crest. Together with the vagal neural crest cells, they develop into the ganglia of the enteric nervous system, also known as the parasympathetic ganglia. Sacral crest cells are associated with extrinsic nerve fibers of the hindgut and colon.
lab
2011-09-02T02:53:34Z
UBERON:0010075
SNC
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004192
sacral neural crest
One of the 5 distinct and partially overlapping functional domains of the premigratory neural crest. Together with the vagal neural crest cells, they develop into the ganglia of the enteric nervous system, also known as the parasympathetic ganglia. Sacral crest cells are associated with extrinsic nerve fibers of the hindgut and colon.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-4588
Skeletal element that is often isolated, small, and variable in composition.
lab
2011-09-13T09:36:09Z
UBERON:0010911
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004193
ossicle
Skeletal element that is often isolated, small, and variable in composition.
UBERON:0010911
Ossicle that is part of the appendicular skeleton.
lab
2011-09-13T09:38:19Z
UBERON:0011141
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004194
appendicular ossicle
Ossicle that is part of the appendicular skeleton.
UBERON:0011141
Mineralized bone tissue that always includes non-terminally differentiated osteoblasts and osteocytes.
lab
2011-09-13T09:43:56Z
UBERON:4000118
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004195
cellular bone tissue
Mineralized bone tissue that always includes non-terminally differentiated osteoblasts and osteocytes.
UBERON:4000118
Odontoid tissue that is deposited by cementoblasts onto dentine tissue and functions to attach teeth, odontodes and other odontogenic derivatives to bone tissue and the integument.
lab
2011-09-13T09:46:43Z
UBERON:0001753
xenopus_anatomy
bone of attachment
XAO:0004196
cementum
Odontoid tissue that is deposited by cementoblasts onto dentine tissue and functions to attach teeth, odontodes and other odontogenic derivatives to bone tissue and the integument.
UBERON:0001753
Cartilage tissue that is flexible and contains abundant elastic fibers.
lab
2011-09-13T09:48:42Z
UBERON:0001996
elastic cartilage
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004197
elastic cartilage tissue
Cartilage tissue that is flexible and contains abundant elastic fibers.
UBERON:0001996
Skeletal tissue that consists of an avascular, noncollagenous, hypermineralized matrix that is deposited by ameloblasts that are excluded from the matrix. It develops from organic pre-enamel tissue that is replaced by a largely inorganic matrix.
lab
2011-09-13T09:51:23Z
UBERON:0001752
enamel tissue
tooth enamel
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004198
enamel
Skeletal tissue that consists of an avascular, noncollagenous, hypermineralized matrix that is deposited by ameloblasts that are excluded from the matrix. It develops from organic pre-enamel tissue that is replaced by a largely inorganic matrix.
VSAO:0000065
Skeletal tissue that is hypermineralized and aprismatic and deposited by a combination of ameloblasts and odontoblasts that are excluded from the matrix. It develops from pre-enameloid tissue.
lab
2011-09-13T09:56:25Z
UBERON:0011692
bitypic enamel
durodentine
enameloid tissue
vitrodentine
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004199
enameloid
Skeletal tissue that is hypermineralized and aprismatic and deposited by a combination of ameloblasts and odontoblasts that are excluded from the matrix. It develops from pre-enameloid tissue.
UBERON:0011692
Chondroid tissue that is not mineralized.
lab
2011-09-13T09:59:02Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004200
non-mineralized chondroid tissue
Chondroid tissue that is not mineralized.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Skeletal tissue that is avascular tubular mineralized matrix, primarily made of dentine that is deposited by odontoblasts that are excluded from the matrix; develops from pre-dentine tissue.
lab
2011-09-13T10:00:35Z
xenopus_anatomy
dental tissue
XAO:0004201
odontode tissue
Skeletal tissue that is avascular tubular mineralized matrix, primarily made of dentine that is deposited by odontoblasts that are excluded from the matrix; develops from pre-dentine tissue.
VSAO:0000123
Odontogenic tissue that is avascular non-mineralized matrix that is deposited by preameloblast and ameloblasts that are excluded from the matrix.
lab
2011-09-13T10:08:54Z
UBERON:0011588
pre-enamel tissue
preenamel tissue
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004202
pre-enamel
Odontogenic tissue that is avascular non-mineralized matrix that is deposited by preameloblast and ameloblasts that are excluded from the matrix.
UBERON:0011588
Odontoid tissue that is avascular non-mineralized matrix that is deposited by odontoblasts and ameloblasts that are excluded from the matrix.
lab
2011-09-13T10:15:16Z
UBERON:0011688
non-mineralized enameloid tissue
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004203
pre-enameloid
Odontoid tissue that is avascular non-mineralized matrix that is deposited by odontoblasts and ameloblasts that are excluded from the matrix.
UBERON:0011688
Replacement element; an ossicle; often an endochondral replacement element that has cartilage and bone states that develops in dense regular connective tissue (e.g., tendons and ligaments).
lab
2011-09-13T10:23:39Z
UBERON:0013631
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004204
sesamoid
Replacement element; an ossicle; often an endochondral replacement element that has cartilage and bone states that develops in dense regular connective tissue (e.g., tendons and ligaments).
VSAO:0000137
A sac-like cavity ventral to the liver, lying in the sub-mesodermal space and closed by a thin sheet of ectodermal cells, from which the future gall bladder develops.
lab
2011-09-13T01:15:58Z
UBERON:0006242
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004205
gall bladder primordium
A sac-like cavity ventral to the liver, lying in the sub-mesodermal space and closed by a thin sheet of ectodermal cells, from which the future gall bladder develops.
ISBN:0815318960
One of the 3 domains of the U-shaped preplacodal ectoderm (PPE), which lies abutting and anterior to the neural plate.
lab
2011-09-13T01:29:48Z
APA
xenopus_anatomy
APPE
anterior preplacodal ectoderm
XAO:0004206
anterior placodal area
One of the 3 domains of the U-shaped preplacodal ectoderm (PPE), which lies abutting and anterior to the neural plate.
ISBN:0878933840
One of the 3 domains of the U-shaped preplacodal ectoderm (PPE), which lies abutting and lateral to the chordal neural plate border and neural crest.
lab
2011-09-13T01:40:58Z
PPA
xenopus_anatomy
PPPE
posterior preplacodal ectoderm
XAO:0004207
posterior placodal area
One of the 3 domains of the U-shaped preplacodal ectoderm (PPE), which lies abutting and lateral to the chordal neural plate border and neural crest.
ISBN:0878933840
The small pre-placodal ectoderm area that develops at the midline of the anterior neural ridge, abutting the anterior neural plate, and invaginates to form Rathke's pouch, which in turn forms the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland and gives rise to the endocrine secretory cells of the pituitary.
lab
2011-09-13T01:47:17Z
UBERON:0009122
pituitary placode
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004208
adenohypophyseal placode
The small pre-placodal ectoderm area that develops at the midline of the anterior neural ridge, abutting the anterior neural plate, and invaginates to form Rathke's pouch, which in turn forms the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland and gives rise to the endocrine secretory cells of the pituitary.
ISBN:0878933840
The region that delineates the rostral boundary of the neural plate in the neural stage embryo, and is devoid of neural crest cells. It gives rise to the pre-placodal region, some elements of the forebrain, and the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
lab
2011-09-13T02:26:18Z
ANR
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004209
anterior neural ridge
The region that delineates the rostral boundary of the neural plate in the neural stage embryo, and is devoid of neural crest cells. It gives rise to the pre-placodal region, some elements of the forebrain, and the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
ISBN:0878933840
The region of the diencephalon above Rathke's pouch, and forms the posterior lobe of the pituitary.
lab
2011-09-13T02:33:45Z
UBERON:0002434
hypophysial stalk
infundibulum of hypothalamus
pituitary stalk
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004210
infundibulum
The region of the diencephalon above Rathke's pouch, and forms the posterior lobe of the pituitary.
Xenbase:Staff
The most anterior of the epibranchial placodes, associated with the 1st pharyngeal cleft and contributing to the distal ganglia of cranial nerve VII (facial nerve).
lab
2011-09-14T09:21:23Z
UBERON:0009124
epVII
geniculate placode
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004211
facial epibranchial placode
The most anterior of the epibranchial placodes, associated with the 1st pharyngeal cleft and contributing to the distal ganglia of cranial nerve VII (facial nerve).
ISBN:0878933840
The central of the three epibranchial placodes, associated with the 2nd pharyngeal cleft and contributing to the distal ganglia of cranial nerve IX (glossopharyngeal nerve).
lab
2011-09-14T09:25:28Z
UBERON:0009125
epIX
petrosal placode
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004212
glossopharyngeal epibranchial placode
The central of the three epibranchial placodes, associated with the 2nd pharyngeal cleft and contributing to the distal ganglia of cranial nerve IX (glossopharyngeal nerve).
ISBN:0878933840
The most posterior of the epibranchial placodes, in 3 distinct zones, associated with the 3rd to 6th pharyngeal clefts, and contributing to the facial, lateral line and glossopharyngeal ganglion.
lab
2011-09-14T09:36:07Z
UBERON:0009126
nodose placode
nodose placodes
vagal epibranchial placodes
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004213
vagal epibranchial placode
The most posterior of the epibranchial placodes, in 3 distinct zones, associated with the 3rd to 6th pharyngeal clefts, and contributing to the facial, lateral line and glossopharyngeal ganglion.
ISBN:0878933840
nodose placodes
vagal epibranchial placodes
Small motor nerve that emerges from the lateral wall of the medulla with the roots of the vagus nerve, and innervates a single pectoral suspensory muscle, the m. cucullaris.
lab
2011-09-14T10:03:25Z
UBERON:0002019
accessorius
cranial nerve XI
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004214
accessory nerve
Small motor nerve that emerges from the lateral wall of the medulla with the roots of the vagus nerve, and innervates a single pectoral suspensory muscle, the m. cucullaris.
ISBN:080184780X
Nerve that leads to the muscles of the tongue (mm geniohyoideus, genioglossus, hyoglossus, and rectus cervicis) and has both sensory and motor functions.
lab
2011-09-14T10:07:12Z
UBERON:0001650
cranial nerve XII
hypoglossus
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004215
Duellman and Trueb (pg. 395) note that although the primordia of this nerve are in the 1st and 2nd spinal nerves, this nerve contains fibers representing the hypoglossal nerve in amniotes and is thus considered one of the cranial nerves.
hypoglossal nerve
Nerve that leads to the muscles of the tongue (mm geniohyoideus, genioglossus, hyoglossus, and rectus cervicis) and has both sensory and motor functions.
ISBN:080184780X
The narrow bridge that links the two glomera of the pronephric kidney.
lab
2011-09-14T10:38:02Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004216
glomeral nexus
The narrow bridge that links the two glomera of the pronephric kidney.
Xenbase:Staff
An efferent neuron that passes from the central nervous system or a ganglion toward or to a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes movement.
eriksegerdell
2012-01-27T09:25:00Z
CL:0000100
motoneuron
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004217
motor neuron
An efferent neuron that passes from the central nervous system or a ganglion toward or to a muscle and conducts an impulse that causes movement.
CL:0000100
The dorsal component of the mandibular arch, the ventral one being Meckel's cartilage. Together with the ceratohyal and connecting musculature, it is responsible for the ventilation and irrigation of the filter apparatus.
eriksegerdell
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004218
palatoquadrate
The dorsal component of the mandibular arch, the ventral one being Meckel's cartilage. Together with the ceratohyal and connecting musculature, it is responsible for the ventilation and irrigation of the filter apparatus.
Xenbase:Staff
Cartilaginous element that, together with the palatoquadrate and connecting musculature, is responsible for the ventilation and irrigation of the of the filter apparatus.
eriksegerdell
ch
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004219
ceratohyal
Cartilaginous element that, together with the palatoquadrate and connecting musculature, is responsible for the ventilation and irrigation of the of the filter apparatus.
Xenbase:Staff
Lateral line placode that gives rise to the anteroventral lateral line nerve.
eriksegerdell
2012-01-27T09:32:47Z
anterior ventral lateral line placode
pAV
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004220
anteroventral lateral line placode
Lateral line placode that gives rise to the anteroventral lateral line nerve.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Lateral line placode that gives rise to the anterior lateral line nerve.
eriksegerdell
xenopus_anatomy
pre-auditory lateral line placode
XAO:0004221
anterior lateral line placode
Lateral line placode that gives rise to the anterior lateral line nerve.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Lateral line placode that gives rise to the middle lateral line nerve.
eriksegerdell
xenopus_anatomy
intermediate lateral line placode
XAO:0004222
middle lateral line placode
Lateral line placode that gives rise to the middle lateral line nerve.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Lateral line placode that gives rise to the posterior lateral line nerve.
eriksegerdell
pP
xenopus_anatomy
vagus lateral line placode
XAO:0004223
posterior lateral line placode
Lateral line placode that gives rise to the posterior lateral line nerve.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Type of epithelium that facilitates the transcellular transport of solutes. This transport can either be absorption, transport from lumen (apical membrane surface) to blood; or secretion, transport from blood (basolateral membrane surface) to lumen.
eriksegerdell
xenopus_anatomy
transporting epithelia
XAO:0004224
transporting epithelium
Type of epithelium that facilitates the transcellular transport of solutes. This transport can either be absorption, transport from lumen (apical membrane surface) to blood; or secretion, transport from blood (basolateral membrane surface) to lumen.
Wikipedia:Transcellular_transport
transporting epithelia
Type of cell of the epidermis lacking cilia, which separate and space the ciliated epidermal cells.
eriksegerdell
xenopus_anatomy
intercalating non-ciliated cell
non-ciliated epithelial cells
XAO:0004225
non-ciliated epithelial cell
Type of cell of the epidermis lacking cilia, which separate and space the ciliated epidermal cells.
PMID:16728476
non-ciliated epithelial cells
Region of the mesencephalon that arises from a small area of the neural plate, spanning the midline immediately adjacent, and being slightly posterior to the dorsal tegmentum area.
eriksegerdell
tegmentum ventrale
xenopus_anatomy
ventral brain stem
ventral tegmental area
XAO:0004226
ventral tegmentum
Region of the mesencephalon that arises from a small area of the neural plate, spanning the midline immediately adjacent, and being slightly posterior to the dorsal tegmentum area.
PMID:2351962
Region of the mesencephalon that arises from a small area of the neural plate immediately adjacent and slightly anterior to the ventral tegmentum area.
eriksegerdell
xenopus_anatomy
dorsal brain stem
tegmentum dorsale
XAO:0004227
dorsal tegmentum
Region of the mesencephalon that arises from a small area of the neural plate immediately adjacent and slightly anterior to the ventral tegmentum area.
PMID:2351962
Laterally located vein that drains the ventral abdominal wall.
eriksegerdell
2012-01-27T09:37:16Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004228
lateral abdominal vein
Laterally located vein that drains the ventral abdominal wall.
ISBN:0815318960
The thin epidermis extension of the inner fin visible in the mid trunk region of the inner fin at NF stage 27, and extending posteriorly and then ventrally, ending just before the proctodeum. The fin is more homogeneous in NF stage 46 tadpoles, and the inner fin and fin crest are no longer discrete.
eriksegerdell
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004229
fin crest
The thin epidermis extension of the inner fin visible in the mid trunk region of the inner fin at NF stage 27, and extending posteriorly and then ventrally, ending just before the proctodeum. The fin is more homogeneous in NF stage 46 tadpoles, and the inner fin and fin crest are no longer discrete.
Xenbase:Staff
Anterior part of the hypothalamus, given rise by the midanterior neural ridge along with the chiasmatic ridge during forebrain morphogenesis.
eriksegerdell
2012-01-27T09:51:09Z
alar hypothalamus
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004230
anterior hypothalamus
Anterior part of the hypothalamus, given rise by the midanterior neural ridge along with the chiasmatic ridge during forebrain morphogenesis.
PMID:8537821
A single long structure at each corner of the mouth that has muscle fibers attached to an internal cartilaginous support and that is mobile.
eriksegerdell
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004231
barbel
A single long structure at each corner of the mouth that has muscle fibers attached to an internal cartilaginous support and that is mobile.
ISBN:0226557626
The exit for respiratory water in the tadpole.
eriksegerdell
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004232
spiracle
The exit for respiratory water in the tadpole.
ISBN:0226557626
A cranial continuation of the bulbis cordis that contains two lateral branches and divides into the carotid arch, systemic arch, and pulmocutaneous arch.
eriksegerdell
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004233
truncus arteriosus
A cranial continuation of the bulbis cordis that contains two lateral branches and divides into the carotid arch, systemic arch, and pulmocutaneous arch.
ISBN:0801836018
Multi-tissue structure through which the blood exits the heart. It is a chamber that functions as a capacitor, maintaining continuous blood flow into the gill arches.
eriksegerdell
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004234
bulbous arteriosis
Multi-tissue structure through which the blood exits the heart. It is a chamber that functions as a capacitor, maintaining continuous blood flow into the gill arches.
ZFA:0000173
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The larval stomach.
eriksegerdell
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004235
manicotto glandulare
The larval stomach.
ISBN:0226893340
Posterior part of the hypothalamus, given rise by the midanterior neural plate during forebrain morphogenesis.
eriksegerdell
2012-01-27T09:51:49Z
basal hypothalamus
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004236
posterior hypothalamus
Posterior part of the hypothalamus, given rise by the midanterior neural plate during forebrain morphogenesis.
PMID:8537821
A distinct elevation of a transient proliferating cell mass of the subventricular zone; this mass contributes most of its cells to the striatum; however, neocortex, thalamus, septum and olfactory bulb neurons are also partly derived from the LGE.
eriksegerdell
2012-01-27T09:59:19Z
UBERON:0004025
xenopus_anatomy
LGE
XAO:0004237
lateral ganglionic eminence
A distinct elevation of a transient proliferating cell mass of the subventricular zone; this mass contributes most of its cells to the striatum; however, neocortex, thalamus, septum and olfactory bulb neurons are also partly derived from the LGE.
UBERON:0004025
A cartilaginous element that is the primordium or commencement of a femur.
eriksegerdell
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004238
femur rudiment
A cartilaginous element that is the primordium or commencement of a femur.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The most posterior of the hind digits, consisting of a single metatarsal, 2 phalanges, and a claw.
eriksegerdell
hind digit 1
pedal digit 1
toe 1
toe I
xenopus_anatomy
hallux
XAO:0004239
hindlimb digit 1
The most posterior of the hind digits, consisting of a single metatarsal, 2 phalanges, and a claw.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-4588
Type of vein that drains the gill region and which passes backwards lateral to the gill chambers and opens into the pronephric sinus.
eriksegerdell
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004240
branchial vein
Type of vein that drains the gill region and which passes backwards lateral to the gill chambers and opens into the pronephric sinus.
ISBN:0815318960
A vein of the hind limb, first visible in the developing hind limb bud at c. NF stage 50 when it enters the ventral commissural vessel.
eriksegerdell
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004241
ischiadic vein
A vein of the hind limb, first visible in the developing hind limb bud at c. NF stage 50 when it enters the ventral commissural vessel.
ISBN:0815318960
The accompanying artery of the ischiadic nerve.
eriksegerdell
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004242
ischiadic artery
The accompanying artery of the ischiadic nerve.
Wikipedia:Accompanying_artery_of_ischiadic_nerve
Either of the primary veins in the hindlimbs that collect blood from the hindlimb region.
eriksegerdell
xenopus_anatomy
vena femoralis
XAO:0004243
femoral vein
Either of the primary veins in the hindlimbs that collect blood from the hindlimb region.
AAO:0010237
Part of the lateral pretrosal artery that supplies blood to the roof of the mouth.
eriksegerdell
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004244
mandibular artery
Part of the lateral pretrosal artery that supplies blood to the roof of the mouth.
AAO:0010496
A type of artery that supplies the deep structures of the facial region. It branches from the external carotid artery.
eriksegerdell
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004245
maxillary artery
A type of artery that supplies the deep structures of the facial region. It branches from the external carotid artery.
Wikipedia:Maxillary_artery
The 7th segment of the developing hindbrain.
eriksegerdell
2012-01-27T10:01:06Z
r7
rhombomere 7
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004246
rhombomere R7
The 7th segment of the developing hindbrain.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
A major artery of the neck that branches from the subclavian arteries and merge to form the single midline basilar artery.
eriksegerdell
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004247
vertebral artery
A major artery of the neck that branches from the subclavian arteries and merge to form the single midline basilar artery.
Wikipedia:Vertebral_artery
Artery that supplies the anterior wall of the abdomen.
eriksegerdell
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004248
epigastric artery
Artery that supplies the anterior wall of the abdomen.
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/epigastric+artery
Artery that supplies blood via branches to the gonads, oviducts, and kidneys.
eriksegerdell
xenopus_anatomy
interrenal artery
XAO:0004249
renal artery
Artery that supplies blood via branches to the gonads, oviducts, and kidneys.
AAO:0010223
Vein that collects blood from muscles of the head and drains into the external jugular vein.
eriksegerdell
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004250
facial vein
Vein that collects blood from muscles of the head and drains into the external jugular vein.
AAO:0010513
Vein that comes from the skin of the trunk.
eriksegerdell
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004251
cutaneous magnus
Vein that comes from the skin of the trunk.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Vein that comes from the subcutaneous tissue of the hindlimb stylopod.
eriksegerdell
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004252
cutaneous femoral vein
Vein that comes from the subcutaneous tissue of the hindlimb stylopod.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
One of three major veins that enter the sinus venosus.
eriksegerdell
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004253
postcaval vein
One of three major veins that enter the sinus venosus.
AAO:0010506
Vein that collects blood from the forelimb via the branchial veins and from the muscles and skin of the trunk via the anterior epigastric and lateral veins.
eriksegerdell
2012-01-28T05:08:21Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004254
subclavian vein
Vein that collects blood from the forelimb via the branchial veins and from the muscles and skin of the trunk via the anterior epigastric and lateral veins.
AAO:0010510
Either of the veins that collect blood from the trunk and skin and drain into the subclavian vein.
eriksegerdell
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004255
lateral vein
Either of the veins that collect blood from the trunk and skin and drain into the subclavian vein.
AAO:0010515
A vein formed by the combination of veins in the pelvic region that collects blood from the liver, stomach, intestines, and gall bladder.
eriksegerdell
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004256
ventral abdominal vein
A vein formed by the combination of veins in the pelvic region that collects blood from the liver, stomach, intestines, and gall bladder.
AAO:0010517
Vein that drains Jacobson's organ.
eriksegerdell
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004257
Jacobson's vein
Vein that drains Jacobson's organ.
Xenbase:Staff
Structure that comprises the base region of the telencephalon.
eriksegerdell
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004258
subpallium
Structure that comprises the base region of the telencephalon.
UBERON:0000204
A distinct elevation of a transient proliferating cell mass of the subventricular zone; this mass contributes most of its cells to the neocortex; however, hippocampal neurons, thalamus, septum and olfactory bulb neurons are also partly derived from the MGE.
eriksegerdell
UBERON:0004024
MGE
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004259
medial ganglionic eminence
A distinct elevation of a transient proliferating cell mass of the subventricular zone; this mass contributes most of its cells to the neocortex; however, hippocampal neurons, thalamus, septum and olfactory bulb neurons are also partly derived from the MGE.
UBERON:0004024
Any of the outpocketings of pharyngeal endoderm that interdigitate with the neural crest derived pharyngeal arches. The pouches later fuse with the surface ectoderm to form the gill slits.
eriksegerdell
UBERON:0004117
xenopus_anatomy
pharyngeal pouches
XAO:0004260
pharyngeal pouch
Any of the outpocketings of pharyngeal endoderm that interdigitate with the neural crest derived pharyngeal arches. The pouches later fuse with the surface ectoderm to form the gill slits.
TAO:0001106
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
pharyngeal pouches
Region encompassing the oral end of the alimentary canal.
eriksegerdell
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004261
pharyngeal region
Region encompassing the oral end of the alimentary canal.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Lymphatic vessel located in the posterior ventral region of the trunk, ventral to the posterior cardinal vein.
eriksegerdell
VCLV
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004262
ventral caudal lymphatic vessel
Lymphatic vessel located in the posterior ventral region of the trunk, ventral to the posterior cardinal vein.
PMID:9048122465
Limb segment that is the proximal part of the limb (i.e. the humerus of the forelimb, and the femur of the hindlimb, and surrounding tissues).
eriksegerdell
UBERON:0002472
mesopodium
stylopodium
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004263
stylopod
Limb segment that is the proximal part of the limb (i.e. the humerus of the forelimb, and the femur of the hindlimb, and surrounding tissues).
UBERON:0002472
Limb segment that is the middle part of the limb (i.e. the radio-ulna of the forelimb, and the tarsus and tibia-fibula of the hindlimb, and surrounding tissues).
eriksegerdell
UBERON:0002471
metapodium
zeugopodium
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004264
zeugopod
Limb segment that is the middle part of the limb (i.e. the radio-ulna of the forelimb, and the tarsus and tibia-fibula of the hindlimb, and surrounding tissues).
UBERON:0002471
Limb segment that is the terminal part of the limb (i.e. the metacarpels and phalanges of the forelimb, and the metatarsals and phalanges of the hindlimb, and surrounding tissues).
eriksegerdell
acropodium
autopodium
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004265
autopod
Limb segment that is the terminal part of the limb (i.e. the metacarpels and phalanges of the forelimb, and the metatarsals and phalanges of the hindlimb, and surrounding tissues).
Xenbase:Staff
The 8th and most posterior segment of the developing hindbrain.
eriksegerdell
2012-01-27T10:01:21Z
r8
rhombomere 8
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004266
rhombomere R8
The 8th and most posterior segment of the developing hindbrain.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
A multipolar neuron that connects afferent neurons and efferent neurons in neural pathways. They are found within the central nervous system and enteric nervous system.
eriksegerdell
2012-01-27T10:24:56Z
CL:0000099
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004267
interneuron
A multipolar neuron that connects afferent neurons and efferent neurons in neural pathways. They are found within the central nervous system and enteric nervous system.
Wikipedia:Interneuron
A lateral line that extends from the ear in a posterior-ventral direction.
eriksegerdell
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004268
posterior lateral line
A lateral line that extends from the ear in a posterior-ventral direction.
PMID:2652193
Lateral line placode that gives rise to the anterodorsal lateral line nerve.
eriksegerdell
anterior dorsal lateral line placode
antero-dorsal lateral line placode
pAD
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004269
anterodorsal lateral line placode
Lateral line placode that gives rise to the anterodorsal lateral line nerve.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Any of a field of cells in the posterior section of the foregut that will give rise to the liver bud and dorsal and ventral pancreatic buds.
eriksegerdell
xenopus_anatomy
hepato-pancreatic progenitor cells
XAO:0004270
hepato-pancreatic progenitor cell
Any of a field of cells in the posterior section of the foregut that will give rise to the liver bud and dorsal and ventral pancreatic buds.
Xenbase:Staff
hepato-pancreatic progenitor cells
Multi-tissue structure that is the ventral part of the midbrain.
eriksegerdell
2012-01-28T06:06:15Z
UBERON:0001943
Tegm
tegmentum mesencephali
xenopus_anatomy
tegmentum
ventral midbrain
XAO:0004271
midbrain tegmentum
Multi-tissue structure that is the ventral part of the midbrain.
UBERON:0001943
Any of the neuronal precursor cells that are isolated and scattered throughout the anterior ventro-lateral region of the embryo, generally in a punctate pattern, immediately below the ectoderm.
eriksegerdell
2012-02-08T12:22:41Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004272
migrating neuroblast
Any of the neuronal precursor cells that are isolated and scattered throughout the anterior ventro-lateral region of the embryo, generally in a punctate pattern, immediately below the ectoderm.
PMID:17554687
Xenbase:Staff
Anatomical system that consists of all the joints of the body.
UBERON:0004770
joint system
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004274
articular system
Anatomical system that consists of all the joints of the body.
UBERON:0004770
Ossicle that is part of the axial skeleton.
UBERON:0011142
xenopus_anatomy
vertebral ossicle
XAO:0004275
axial ossicle
Ossicle that is part of the axial skeleton.
UBERON:0011142
Skeletal element that is composed of bone tissue.
UBERON:0001474
bone organ
xenopus_anatomy
bone
XAO:0004276
bone element
Skeletal element that is composed of bone tissue.
UBERON:0001474
Median fin skeleton supporting the caudal fin.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004277
caudal fin skeleton
Median fin skeleton supporting the caudal fin.
VSAO:0000167
Paired bone that is part of the shoulder assembly, joining the scapula to the front end of the sternum.
UBERON:0004743
xenopus_anatomy
coracoid
XAO:0004278
coracoid bone
Paired bone that is part of the shoulder assembly, joining the scapula to the front end of the sternum.
Wikipedia:Coracoid
Skeletal subdivision of the head that includes the skull (cranium plus mandible), pharyngeal and/or hyoid apparatus.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004279
cranial skeleton
Skeletal subdivision of the head that includes the skull (cranium plus mandible), pharyngeal and/or hyoid apparatus.
VSAO:0000049
Median fin skeleton located on the dorsal surface of the organism.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004280
dorsal fin skeleton
Median fin skeleton located on the dorsal surface of the organism.
VSAO:0000168
Fin that is an unpaired fin located in the sagittal plane of the organism.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004281
median fin
Fin that is an unpaired fin located in the sagittal plane of the organism.
VSAO:0000162
Postcranial axial skeleton that is unpaired and located on the sagittal plane of the organism.
axial fin skeleton
unpaired fin skeleton
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004282
median fin skeleton
Postcranial axial skeleton that is unpaired and located on the sagittal plane of the organism.
VSAO:0000170
Appendage that is one of the anterior or posterior paired appendages (i.e. the forelimbs and hindlimbs).
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004283
paired appendage
Appendage that is one of the anterior or posterior paired appendages (i.e. the forelimbs and hindlimbs).
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Appendage that is one of the anterior paired appendages (i.e. the forelimbs).
anterior paired appendage
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004284
pectoral appendage
Appendage that is one of the anterior paired appendages (i.e. the forelimbs).
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Appendage that is one of the posterior paired appendages (i.e. the hindlimbs).
posterior paired appendage
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004285
pelvic appendage
Appendage that is one of the posterior paired appendages (i.e. the hindlimbs).
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Bone that forms the posterior part of the pectoral (shoulder) girdle.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004286
scapula
Bone that forms the posterior part of the pectoral (shoulder) girdle.
Wikipedia:Scapula
Skeletal element that surrounds the notochord.
xenopus_anatomy
centrum
XAO:0004287
vertebral centrum
Skeletal element that surrounds the notochord.
VSAO:0000183
Skeletal element that forms around the notochord and is part of the vertebral column.
UBERON:0010913
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004288
vertebral element
Skeletal element that forms around the notochord and is part of the vertebral column.
UBERON:0010913
Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements that are part of the skeleton.
UBERON:0010912
subdivision of skeleton
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004289
skeletal subdivision
Anatomical cluster consisting of the skeletal elements that are part of the skeleton.
VSAO:0000042
Anatomical structure that is part of a cell and that has a granularity level equal to that of a protein complex or higher.
eriksegerdell
2012-02-23T11:17:28Z
CARO:0000014
GO:0044464
cell component
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004290
cell part
Anatomical structure that is part of a cell and that has a granularity level equal to that of a protein complex or higher.
CARO:0000014
A solution obtained by rupturing cells (especially unfertilized oocytes) and removing all particulate matter.
eriksegerdell
2012-03-10T01:20:30Z
xenopus_anatomy_in_vitro
cell-free extracts
XAO:0004291
cell-free extract
A solution obtained by rupturing cells (especially unfertilized oocytes) and removing all particulate matter.
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cell-free+extract
cell-free extracts
Region of the oocyte vegetal cortex that contains a subdomain of ER organized on top of the mitochondrial cloud and where localization of Vg1 mRNA takes place.
eriksegerdell
2012-03-10T01:46:15Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004292
wedge region
Region of the oocyte vegetal cortex that contains a subdomain of ER organized on top of the mitochondrial cloud and where localization of Vg1 mRNA takes place.
PMID:15654016
Contractile ring formed at the division plane of the oocyte during first cleavage.
eriksegerdell
2012-03-10T01:47:35Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004293
ring structure
Contractile ring formed at the division plane of the oocyte during first cleavage.
PMID:11942608
A major subdivision of a limb.
eriksegerdell
2012-03-10T02:08:16Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004294
limb segment
A major subdivision of a limb.
UBERON:0002529
Stylopod (the limb segment closest to the body) that is part of a forelimb.
eriksegerdell
2012-03-10T02:21:56Z
upper arm
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004295
forelimb stylopod
Stylopod (the limb segment closest to the body) that is part of a forelimb.
UBERON:0003822
Stylopod (the limb segment closet to the body) that is part of a hindlimb.
eriksegerdell
2012-03-10T02:22:26Z
upper leg
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004296
hindlimb stylopod
Stylopod (the limb segment closet to the body) that is part of a hindlimb.
Xenbase:Staff
Limb segment that is the middle part of the forelimb (i.e. the radio-ulna and surrounding tissues).
eriksegerdell
2012-03-10T02:29:57Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004297
forelimb zeugopod
Limb segment that is the middle part of the forelimb (i.e. the radio-ulna and surrounding tissues).
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-4588
Limb segment that is the middle part of the hindlimb (i.e. the tarsus and tibia-fibula and surrounding tissues).
eriksegerdell
2012-03-10T02:30:08Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004298
hindlimb zeugopod
Limb segment that is the middle part of the hindlimb (i.e. the tarsus and tibia-fibula and surrounding tissues).
UBERON:0003823
Terminal portion of a forelimb.
eriksegerdell
2012-03-10T02:45:33Z
front foot
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004299
hand
Terminal portion of a forelimb.
UBERON:0002398
Terminal portion of a hindlimb that bears weight and allows locomotion.
eriksegerdell
2012-03-10T02:45:35Z
hind foot
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004300
foot
Terminal portion of a hindlimb that bears weight and allows locomotion.
UBERON:0002387
Part of the diencephalon that is located between the prethalamus, hypothalamus, and the telencephalon.
eriksegerdell
2012-03-10T03:15:31Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004301
eminentia thalami
Part of the diencephalon that is located between the prethalamus, hypothalamus, and the telencephalon.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Structure that comprises the roof region of the telencephalon.
eriksegerdell
2012-03-10T03:21:58Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004302
pallium
Structure that comprises the roof region of the telencephalon.
UBERON:0000203
Multi-tissue structure that is the dorsal part of the diencephalon and the major sensory input to which is visual.
eriksegerdell
2012-03-10T03:28:09Z
PT
xenopus_anatomy
P1
prosomere 1
XAO:0004303
pretectum
Multi-tissue structure that is the dorsal part of the diencephalon and the major sensory input to which is visual.
ZFA:0000418
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Multi-tissue structure forming the anterior part of the diencephalon and lying between the thalamus, hypothalamus, and eminentia thalami.
eriksegerdell
2012-03-10T03:34:32Z
PTh
xenopus_anatomy
P3
prosomere 3
subthalamus
ventral thalamus
XAO:0004304
prethalamus
Multi-tissue structure forming the anterior part of the diencephalon and lying between the thalamus, hypothalamus, and eminentia thalami.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
A narrow stripe of cells that lies between the prospective dorsal and ventral thalami. This boundary contains signals that pattern the prethalamic and thalamic territories of the future mid-diencephalon.
eriksegerdell
2012-03-10T03:39:28Z
Zli
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004305
zona limitans intrathalamica
A narrow stripe of cells that lies between the prospective dorsal and ventral thalami. This boundary contains signals that pattern the prethalamic and thalamic territories of the future mid-diencephalon.
UBERON:0009848
A midline paired symmetrical structure within the brain; the main product of the embryonic diencephalon.
eriksegerdell
2012-03-10T03:44:52Z
Th
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004306
thalamus
A midline paired symmetrical structure within the brain; the main product of the embryonic diencephalon.
UBERON:0001897
Mesoderm that will give rise, along with cranial neural crest cells, to connective tissue, bone and musculature in the head.
eriksegerdell
2012-03-10T04:21:21Z
xenopus_anatomy
cephalic mesenchyme
XAO:0004307
head mesenchyme
Mesoderm that will give rise, along with cranial neural crest cells, to connective tissue, bone and musculature in the head.
ZFA:0000113
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Any of the non-neuronal cells that maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and provide support and protection for neurons in the brain, and for neurons in other parts of the nervous system such as in the autonomic nervous system. Neural crest derived.
eriksegerdell
2012-03-10T09:44:35Z
CL:0000125
xenopus_anatomy
glia
glial cells
neuroglia
neuroglial cells
XAO:0004308
glial cell
Any of the non-neuronal cells that maintain homeostasis, form myelin, and provide support and protection for neurons in the brain, and for neurons in other parts of the nervous system such as in the autonomic nervous system. Neural crest derived.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-4588
glia
glial cells
neuroglia
neuroglial cells
Any of the cells that are of neural crest origin, now in place in their postmigratory target tissues, such as the sciatic nerve, dorsal root ganglia, gut or skin. They can be visualised or detected by specific molecular markers.
eriksegerdell
2012-03-10T09:50:34Z
xenopus_anatomy
postmigratory neural crest cells
XAO:0004309
postmigratory neural crest cell
Any of the cells that are of neural crest origin, now in place in their postmigratory target tissues, such as the sciatic nerve, dorsal root ganglia, gut or skin. They can be visualised or detected by specific molecular markers.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-4588
postmigratory neural crest cells
Bone of the ear that is connected to the tympanic membrane via the extrastapes. This structure is the amphibian ear ossicle, also known as the columella. It extends between extrastapes cartilage and the oval window. The extrastapes forms a cartilaginous tympanic disk.
eriksegerdell
2012-03-10T10:07:32Z
xenopus_anatomy
columella
XAO:0004310
stapes
Bone of the ear that is connected to the tympanic membrane via the extrastapes. This structure is the amphibian ear ossicle, also known as the columella. It extends between extrastapes cartilage and the oval window. The extrastapes forms a cartilaginous tympanic disk.
ISBN:0520252780
Xenbase:Staff
A portion of limb tissue that is re-growing after damage or amputation.
eriksegerdell
2012-03-10T10:08:56Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004311
regenerating limb
A portion of limb tissue that is re-growing after damage or amputation.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
A portion of fin tissue that is re-growing after damage or amputation.
eriksegerdell
2012-03-10T10:10:26Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004312
regenerating fin
A portion of fin tissue that is re-growing after damage or amputation.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Anatomical region at which two or more bones make contact and that includes some of the surrounding tissues of various types.
eriksegerdell
2012-03-10T10:13:09Z
xenopus_anatomy
joint
XAO:0004313
joint region
Anatomical region at which two or more bones make contact and that includes some of the surrounding tissues of various types.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-4588
A joint region within a digit, one of several most distal parts of a limb.
eriksegerdell
2012-03-10T10:14:19Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004314
digit-joint region
A joint region within a digit, one of several most distal parts of a limb.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
A cell of the perichondrium, the fibrous membrane of connective tissue covering the surface of cartilage.
eriksegerdell
2012-03-10T10:15:02Z
xenopus_anatomy
perichondrial cells
XAO:0004315
perichondrial cell
A cell of the perichondrium, the fibrous membrane of connective tissue covering the surface of cartilage.
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Perichondrial
perichondrial cells
Anatomical region between digits, the most distal parts of a limb.
eriksegerdell
2012-03-10T10:16:20Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004316
interdigital region
Anatomical region between digits, the most distal parts of a limb.
Xenbase:Staff
A portion of tissue that has been removed from the body.
eriksegerdell
2012-03-10T10:19:48Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004317
amputated tissue
A portion of tissue that has been removed from the body.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
A portion of fin tissue that has been removed from the body.
eriksegerdell
2012-03-10T10:22:32Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004318
amputated fin
A portion of fin tissue that has been removed from the body.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
A portion of limb tissue that has been removed from the body.
eriksegerdell
2012-03-10T10:23:05Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004319
amputated limb
A portion of limb tissue that has been removed from the body.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Multipotent stromal cell that can differentiate into a variety of cell types, including: osteoblasts/osteocytes (bone cells), chondroblasts/chondrocytes (cartilage cells), and adipoblasts/adipocytes (fat cells).
eriksegerdell
2012-03-10T11:14:06Z
xenopus_anatomy
mesenchymal cell
mesenchymal pluripotent stem cell
mesenchymal stem cells
XAO:0004320
mesenchymal stem cell
Multipotent stromal cell that can differentiate into a variety of cell types, including: osteoblasts/osteocytes (bone cells), chondroblasts/chondrocytes (cartilage cells), and adipoblasts/adipocytes (fat cells).
PMID:37305914
Xenbase:Staff
mesenchymal stem cells
Lymphatic vessel located in the posterior dorsal region of the trunk.
eriksegerdell
2012-03-25T03:48:38Z
DCLV
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004321
dorsal caudal lymphatic vessel
Lymphatic vessel located in the posterior dorsal region of the trunk.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Any of the muscles that are part of the head.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
head muscle
XAO:0004322
cranial muscle
Any of the muscles that are part of the head.
Xenbase:Staff
Any of the paired mandibular arch muscles.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004323
mandibular head muscle
Any of the paired mandibular arch muscles.
PMID:21050205
Any of the bilateral hyoid arch muscles innervated by cranial nerve VII.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004324
hyoid head muscle
Any of the bilateral hyoid arch muscles innervated by cranial nerve VII.
PMID:21050205
Any of the muscles that support the filigreed structure of the gill basket necessary for filter feeding, through the stabilisation, extension and compression of the gill basket.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004325
branchial head muscle
Any of the muscles that support the filigreed structure of the gill basket necessary for filter feeding, through the stabilisation, extension and compression of the gill basket.
PMID:21050205
Straplike muscle that arises from elements of the pectoral girdle and passes to the hyoid bone and laryngeal cartilages.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004326
hypobranchial head muscle
Straplike muscle that arises from elements of the pectoral girdle and passes to the hyoid bone and laryngeal cartilages.
https://www.britannica.com/science/muscle/Tetrapod-musculature
A muscle that is part of the eye region and controls the movement of the eye.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004327
eye muscle
A muscle that is part of the eye region and controls the movement of the eye.
UBERON:0004277
Muscle that is part a complex that arises from the skull roof and acts to elevate or close the lower jaw. It separates medially from levator mandibulae longus supeficialis, with which it shares a common origin.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
mlmli
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004328
m. levator mandibulae longus internus
Muscle that is part a complex that arises from the skull roof and acts to elevate or close the lower jaw. It separates medially from levator mandibulae longus supeficialis, with which it shares a common origin.
PMID:17624928
Muscle that is part a complex that arises from the skull roof and acts to elevate or close the lower jaw. After separating from levator mandibulae longus superficialis, it parallels it and inserts in the connective tissue. Only at later stages, its rostral third is slightly curved laterally and inserts in the region of the anlage of the tentacular cartilage.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
mlmlp
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004329
m. levator mandibulae longus profundus
Muscle that is part a complex that arises from the skull roof and acts to elevate or close the lower jaw. After separating from levator mandibulae longus superficialis, it parallels it and inserts in the connective tissue. Only at later stages, its rostral third is slightly curved laterally and inserts in the region of the anlage of the tentacular cartilage.
PMID:17624928
Muscle that is part a complex that arises from the skull roof and acts to elevate or close the lower jaw. The first mandibular arch muscle to appear, it originates ventral to the center of the eye, and extends rostroventrally to end lateral to the buccal cavity.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
mlmls
superior long mandibular levator muscle
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004330
m. levator mandibulae longus superficialis
Muscle that is part a complex that arises from the skull roof and acts to elevate or close the lower jaw. The first mandibular arch muscle to appear, it originates ventral to the center of the eye, and extends rostroventrally to end lateral to the buccal cavity.
PMID:17624928
Muscle that is part a complex that arises from the skull roof and acts to elevate or close the lower jaw. It originates from the ventral bend of the anlage of processus muscularis palatoquadrati. It runs ventrally near the levator mandibulae longus supeficialis and inserts anterior of it at Meckel's cartilage.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
articularis mandibular levator muscle
mlma
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004331
m. levator mandibulae articularis
Muscle that is part a complex that arises from the skull roof and acts to elevate or close the lower jaw. It originates from the ventral bend of the anlage of processus muscularis palatoquadrati. It runs ventrally near the levator mandibulae longus supeficialis and inserts anterior of it at Meckel's cartilage.
PMID:17624928
Muscle that is part a complex that arises from the skull roof and acts to elevate or close the lower jaw. The last jaw levator to develop, it originates rostral to the palatoquadrate.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
external mandibular levator muscle
mlme
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004332
m. levator mandibulae externus
Muscle that is part a complex that arises from the skull roof and acts to elevate or close the lower jaw. The last jaw levator to develop, it originates rostral to the palatoquadrate.
PMID:17624928
Ventral muscle of the larval head that is a broad transverse sheet lying between the Meckel's cartilages and joining its opposite mid-ventrally in an median raphe.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
intermandibular muscle
mim
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004333
m. intermandibularis
Ventral muscle of the larval head that is a broad transverse sheet lying between the Meckel's cartilages and joining its opposite mid-ventrally in an median raphe.
DOI:10.1242/jcs.s2-81.322.161
Hyoid arch muscle that connects Meckel's cartilage with the palatoquadrate and supports the opening of the mouth by depressing Meckel's cartilage.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
mqh
quadrato-hyoangularis muscle
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004334
m. quadrato-hyoangularis
Hyoid arch muscle that connects Meckel's cartilage with the palatoquadrate and supports the opening of the mouth by depressing Meckel's cartilage.
PMID:21050205
Large, tapering muscle that originates on the muscular process and inserts on the ceratohyal.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
moh
orbitohyoidal muscle
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004335
m. orbitohyoideus
Large, tapering muscle that originates on the muscular process and inserts on the ceratohyal.
ISBN:0226557626
A thin curved muscle located between the ceratohyal cartilages.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
interhyoidal muscle
mih
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004336
m. interhyoideus
A thin curved muscle located between the ceratohyal cartilages.
PMID:21050205
Deep, visceral muscle associated with tongue movement.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
msr
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004337
m. subarcualis rectus I
Deep, visceral muscle associated with tongue movement.
AAO:0010659
Muscle situated between the planum hypobranchiale and the basihyobranchial, presumably to stabilize the connection between these elements.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
mta
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004338
m. transversus anterior
Muscle situated between the planum hypobranchiale and the basihyobranchial, presumably to stabilize the connection between these elements.
PMID:17624928
Muscle that springs from the second branchial arch, meeting its opposite in a mid-ventral raphe.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
mtvII
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004339
m. transversus ventralis II
Muscle that springs from the second branchial arch, meeting its opposite in a mid-ventral raphe.
DOI:10.1242/jcs.s2-81.322.161
The 1st branchial levator muscle, which contributes to raising the branchial apparatus.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
mlabI
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004340
mm. levator arcuum branchialium I
The 1st branchial levator muscle, which contributes to raising the branchial apparatus.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The 2nd branchial levator muscle, which contributes to raising the branchial apparatus.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
mlabII
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004341
mm. levator arcuum branchialium II
The 2nd branchial levator muscle, which contributes to raising the branchial apparatus.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The 3rd branchial levator muscle, which contributes to raising the branchial apparatus.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
mlabIII
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004342
mm. levator arcuum branchialium III
The 3rd branchial levator muscle, which contributes to raising the branchial apparatus.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The 4th branchial levator muscle, which contributes to raising the branchial apparatus.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
mlabIV
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004343
mm. levator arcuum branchialium IV
The 4th branchial levator muscle, which contributes to raising the branchial apparatus.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Muscle that arises on part of the chondrocranium and passes to the ventro-lateral region of the cerato-branchialia. It originates on the ventrolateral process of the palatoquadrate.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
mcbII
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004344
mm. constrictores branchiales II
Muscle that arises on part of the chondrocranium and passes to the ventro-lateral region of the cerato-branchialia. It originates on the ventrolateral process of the palatoquadrate.
DOI:10.1242/jcs.s2-81.322.161
Muscle that arises on part of the chondrocranium and passes to the ventro-lateral region of the cerato-branchialia. It is located on the crista parotica and commissura branchio-cranialis.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
mcbIII
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004345
mm. constrictores branchiales III
Muscle that arises on part of the chondrocranium and passes to the ventro-lateral region of the cerato-branchialia. It is located on the crista parotica and commissura branchio-cranialis.
DOI:10.1242/jcs.s2-81.322.161
Muscle that arises on part of the chondrocranium and passes to the ventro-lateral region of the cerato-branchialia. It is a small muscle situated at the posterior end of the branchial skeleton.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
mcbIV
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004346
mm. constrictores branchiales IV
Muscle that arises on part of the chondrocranium and passes to the ventro-lateral region of the cerato-branchialia. It is a small muscle situated at the posterior end of the branchial skeleton.
DOI:10.1242/jcs.s2-81.322.161
Muscle that consists of dorsal and ventral parts that arise from medial raphe and insert on the arytenoid cartilages.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004349
m. constrictor laryngis
Muscle that consists of dorsal and ventral parts that arise from medial raphe and insert on the arytenoid cartilages.
ISBN:0226557626
Muscle that arises from the edge of levator arcus branchialis IV and inserts on the arytenoid cartilage and the cricoid ring.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004350
m. dilatator laryngis
Muscle that arises from the edge of levator arcus branchialis IV and inserts on the arytenoid cartilage and the cricoid ring.
ISBN:0226557626
Type of muscle that attaches to the larynx.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
LM
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004351
laryngeal muscle
Type of muscle that attaches to the larynx.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Muscle in the orbit that inserts on the anterior side of the eye and the function of which is adduction of the eyeball.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004352
m. rectus anterior
Muscle in the orbit that inserts on the anterior side of the eye and the function of which is adduction of the eyeball.
Xenbase:Staff
Muscle in the orbit that inserts on the posterior side of the eye and the function of which is adduction of the eyeball.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004353
m. rectus posterior
Muscle in the orbit that inserts on the posterior side of the eye and the function of which is adduction of the eyeball.
Xenbase:Staff
Muscle in the orbit that depresses, adducts, and helps extort (rotate laterally) the eye.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004354
m. rectus inferior
Muscle in the orbit that depresses, adducts, and helps extort (rotate laterally) the eye.
UBERON:0006322
Muscle in the orbit, the primary function is of which is elevation.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004355
m. rectus superior
Muscle in the orbit, the primary function is of which is elevation.
UBERON:0006323
Thin, narrow muscle placed near the anterior margin of the floor of the orbit.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004356
m. obliquus inferior
Thin, narrow muscle placed near the anterior margin of the floor of the orbit.
UBERON:0006320
Muscle in the upper, medial side of the orbit whose primary action is downward, lateral rotation of the eye.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004357
m. obliquus superior
Muscle in the upper, medial side of the orbit whose primary action is downward, lateral rotation of the eye.
UBERON:0006321
Cartilaginous element that is median and is the anterior-most cartilage of the ventral hyoid arch.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
XAO:0004382
basihyobranchial
bhb
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004358
basihyal
Cartilaginous element that is median and is the anterior-most cartilage of the ventral hyoid arch.
UBERON:0011615
The cartilaginous element below the epibranchial in branchial arch 1.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
cbl-I
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004359
ceratobranchial I
The cartilaginous element below the epibranchial in branchial arch 1.
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Ceratobranchial
The cartilaginous element below the epibranchial in branchial arch 2.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
cbl-II
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004360
ceratobranchial II
The cartilaginous element below the epibranchial in branchial arch 2.
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Ceratobranchial
The cartilaginous element below the epibranchial in branchial arch 3.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
cbl-III
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004361
ceratobranchial III
The cartilaginous element below the epibranchial in branchial arch 3.
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Ceratobranchial
The cartilaginous element below the epibranchial in branchial arch 4.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
cbl-IV
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004362
ceratobranchial IV
The cartilaginous element below the epibranchial in branchial arch 4.
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/Ceratobranchial
Cartilaginous element comprising the rostral connection of the palatoquadrate cartilage to the neurocranium.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
cqca
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004363
commisura quadratocranialis anterior
Cartilaginous element comprising the rostral connection of the palatoquadrate cartilage to the neurocranium.
PMID:21050205
Cartilaginous element that supports the anterior end of the nasal organ.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
ct
xenopus_anatomy
cornua trabeculae
XAO:0004364
cornua trabecula
Cartilaginous element that supports the anterior end of the nasal organ.
ISBN:1276806469
cornua trabeculae
The space where the trabeculae of the tadpole chondrocranium have not yet fused.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
fbc
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004365
fenestra basicranialis
The space where the trabeculae of the tadpole chondrocranium have not yet fused.
ISBN:0226557626
One of the cartilaginous surfaces of the tadpole jaw.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
fhpq
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004366
facies hyoidis of the palatoquadrate
One of the cartilaginous surfaces of the tadpole jaw.
Xenbase:Staff
The wide gap that separates the palatoquadrate from the neurocranium.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
fso
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004367
fenestra subocularis
The wide gap that separates the palatoquadrate from the neurocranium.
ISBN:0226557626
Cartilaginous element comprising cartilages that articulate with Meckel's cartilage in the lower jaw and are fused medially.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
io
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004368
infrarostral
Cartilaginous element comprising cartilages that articulate with Meckel's cartilage in the lower jaw and are fused medially.
PMID:21050205
Cartilaginous element comprising the anterior process of ceratohyal cartilage derived from the hyoid neural crest stream.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
pach
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004369
processus anterior hyalis
Cartilaginous element comprising the anterior process of ceratohyal cartilage derived from the hyoid neural crest stream.
PMID:21050205
Cartilaginous element comprising the articular process that forms the jaw joint with the posterior end of Meckel's cartilage.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
parpq
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004370
processus articularis palatoquadrati
Cartilaginous element comprising the articular process that forms the jaw joint with the posterior end of Meckel's cartilage.
ISBN:0226557626
Cartilaginous element comprising the ascending process that helps anchor the larval palatoquadrate to the neurocranium.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
paspq
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004371
processus ascendens palatoquadrate
Cartilaginous element comprising the ascending process that helps anchor the larval palatoquadrate to the neurocranium.
ISBN:0226557626
Rod-shaped paired cartilages located on either side of the notochord and involved in the formation of the base of the chondrochranium.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
UBERON:0009635
pk
xenopus_anatomy
parachordal cartilage
XAO:0004372
parachordal
Rod-shaped paired cartilages located on either side of the notochord and involved in the formation of the base of the chondrochranium.
TAO:0001423
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Cartilaginous element comprising the lateral process of ceratohyal cartilage derived from the hyoid neural crest stream.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
plch
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004373
processus lateralis hyalis
Cartilaginous element comprising the lateral process of ceratohyal cartilage derived from the hyoid neural crest stream.
PMID:21050205
One of the cartilaginous elements that meet and articulate in the median plane posterior to the basibranchial.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
XAO:0004383
plhb
xenopus_anatomy
plana hypobranchiale
XAO:0004374
planum hypobranchiale
One of the cartilaginous elements that meet and articulate in the median plane posterior to the basibranchial.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
plana hypobranchiale
Cartilaginous element that is posterior to the cornua trabeculae.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
plta
xenopus_anatomy
ethmoid plate
planum ethmoidale
trabecular plate
XAO:0004375
planum trabeculare anticum
Cartilaginous element that is posterior to the cornua trabeculae.
Xenbase:Staff
Cartilaginous element comprising the muscular process, a flattened triangular process that is the site of attachment for the orbitohyoideus and suspensoriohyoideus muscles.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
pmpq
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004376
processus muscularis palatoquadrati
Cartilaginous element comprising the muscular process, a flattened triangular process that is the site of attachment for the orbitohyoideus and suspensoriohyoideus muscles.
ISBN:0226557626
Cartilaginous element comprising the posterior process of ceratohyal cartilage derived from the hyoid neural crest stream.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
ppch
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004377
processus posterior hyalis
Cartilaginous element comprising the posterior process of ceratohyal cartilage derived from the hyoid neural crest stream.
PMID:21050205
Cartilaginous element comprising the dorsal component of the mandibular arch.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
palatoquadrate cartilage
pq
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004378
palatoquadrati
Cartilaginous element comprising the dorsal component of the mandibular arch.
UBERON:0004752
Cartilaginous element that forms at the posteroventral tip of Meckel's cartilage.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
prmc
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004379
processus retroarticularis of Meckel's cartilage
Cartilaginous element that forms at the posteroventral tip of Meckel's cartilage.
ZFA:0000422
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Cartilaginous element that comprises a crescent-shaped plate that supports the tentacular cartilage in the upper jaw.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
sp
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004380
suprarostral plate
Cartilaginous element that comprises a crescent-shaped plate that supports the tentacular cartilage in the upper jaw.
PMID:21050205
Cartilaginous element comprising paired, rod-shaped cartilages, which develop in the head of the embryo. They are the primordia of the anterior part of the cranial base, and are derived from the cranial neural crest cells.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
tc
trabecular cartilage
xenopus_anatomy
trabeculae cranii
XAO:0004381
trabecula cranii
Cartilaginous element comprising paired, rod-shaped cartilages, which develop in the head of the embryo. They are the primordia of the anterior part of the cranial base, and are derived from the cranial neural crest cells.
Wikipedia:Trabecular_cartilage
trabeculae cranii
Peripherally located part of the vegetal cell mass of prospective endoderm.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-31T02:56:10Z
peripheral vegetal cell mass
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004384
peripheral vegetal yolk mass
Peripherally located part of the vegetal cell mass of prospective endoderm.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Cartilaginous element that comprises the network-like cartilaginous skeleton of the gill region.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
XAO:0004386
gill basket
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004385
branchial basket
Cartilaginous element that comprises the network-like cartilaginous skeleton of the gill region.
UBERON:0009119
Region of the ciliary marginal zone, at the edge (most distal region) where retinal stem cells are located.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
CMZ stem cell region
RSCR
ciliary marginal zone stem cell region
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004387
retinal stem cell region
Region of the ciliary marginal zone, at the edge (most distal region) where retinal stem cells are located.
PMID:7695895
Region of the ciliary marginal zone where retinal progenitor cells are located.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
CMZ progenitor cell region
RPCR
ciliary marginal zone progenitor cell region
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004388
retinal progenitor cell region
Region of the ciliary marginal zone where retinal progenitor cells are located.
PMID:7695895
Ganglion in the midbrain that gives rise to the fibers of the oculomotor nerve.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
UBERON:0001715
OM
xenopus_anatomy
oculomotor nucleus
XAO:0004389
oculomotor motornucleus
Ganglion in the midbrain that gives rise to the fibers of the oculomotor nerve.
Xenbase:KAB
Multi-tissue structure that is the dorsal part of the thalamus and emerges ventral to the caudal portion of the ventral habenular nucleus.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
DT
xenopus_anatomy
P2
epithalamus
prosomere 2
XAO:0004390
dorsal thalamus
Multi-tissue structure that is the dorsal part of the thalamus and emerges ventral to the caudal portion of the ventral habenular nucleus.
ZFA:0000653
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The nucleus of the trochlear nerve (cranial nerve IV).
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
TM
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004391
trochlear motornucleus
The nucleus of the trochlear nerve (cranial nerve IV).
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
A type of mucus surface cell in the tadpole.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
goblet cells
XAO:0004392
goblet cell
A type of mucus surface cell in the tadpole.
ISBN:080184780X
goblet cells
Type of epithelium in the embryonic epidermis that is mucus-secreting and ciliated.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004393
mucociliary epithelium
Type of epithelium in the embryonic epidermis that is mucus-secreting and ciliated.
Xenbase:Staff
The presumptive cells of the hatching gland, present by the end of gastrulation.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004394
hatching gland primordium
The presumptive cells of the hatching gland, present by the end of gastrulation.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Centrally located part of the vegetal cell mass of prospective endoderm.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-31T02:57:12Z
central vegetal cell mass
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004395
central vegetal yolk mass
Centrally located part of the vegetal cell mass of prospective endoderm.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Regenerating tissue consisting of mesenchyme cells at the tip of the regenerating limb.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004396
apical mesenchyme
Regenerating tissue consisting of mesenchyme cells at the tip of the regenerating limb.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
A layer of epidermal cells that initially covers the surface of an amputation site. Fibroblasts from the surrounding connective tissue migrate across the amputation surface to meet at the center of the wound. These fibroblasts multiply to form a blastema, which are the progenitors for the new limb.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
apical wound epidermis
XAO:0004397
wound epidermis
A layer of epidermal cells that initially covers the surface of an amputation site. Fibroblasts from the surrounding connective tissue migrate across the amputation surface to meet at the center of the wound. These fibroblasts multiply to form a blastema, which are the progenitors for the new limb.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-4588
Regenerating tissue that forms the inner or basal layer of wound epidermis.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004398
wound epidermis inner layer
Regenerating tissue that forms the inner or basal layer of wound epidermis.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Regenerating tissue that forms the outer layer of wound epidermis.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004399
wound epidermis outer layer
Regenerating tissue that forms the outer layer of wound epidermis.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Tissue consisting of a cartilaginous rod or rods of a regenerating zeugopod segment of a limb.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004400
regenerating zeugopod skeleton
Tissue consisting of a cartilaginous rod or rods of a regenerating zeugopod segment of a limb.
Xenbase:Staff
A layer of signaling cells at the apex of a regenerating blastema, which has a vital role in regeneration.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
AEC
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004401
apical epithelial cap
A layer of signaling cells at the apex of a regenerating blastema, which has a vital role in regeneration.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-4588
Following amputation in late prometamorphosis or in young froglets, tissue comprising fibroblast-like cells in a limb stump that aggregate beneath the wound epithelia.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004402
pseudoblastema
Following amputation in late prometamorphosis or in young froglets, tissue comprising fibroblast-like cells in a limb stump that aggregate beneath the wound epithelia.
ISBN:3540228713
Regenerative tissue that develops and covers cut bone in the tadpole.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004403
fibrocellular pad
Regenerative tissue that develops and covers cut bone in the tadpole.
PMID:10906786
The predominant cell type in the epidermis, the primary function of which is the formation of a barrier against environmental damage.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
keratinocytes
XAO:0004404
keratinocyte
The predominant cell type in the epidermis, the primary function of which is the formation of a barrier against environmental damage.
Wikipedia:Keratinocyte
keratinocytes
A type of special epithelial cell that secretes mucus into the subsurface extracellular compartments of the epidermis.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
Leydig cells
Leydig gland cell
XAO:0004405
Leydig cell
A type of special epithelial cell that secretes mucus into the subsurface extracellular compartments of the epidermis.
ISBN:080184780X
Leydig cells
Presumptive structure that will develop into axial mesoderm.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004406
presumptive axial mesoderm
Presumptive structure that will develop into axial mesoderm.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Mesenchyme that occupies the proximal region of a limb bud.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004407
proximal mesenchyme
Mesenchyme that occupies the proximal region of a limb bud.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Mesenchyme that occupies the anterior proximal region of a limb bud.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004408
anterior-proximal mesenchyme
Mesenchyme that occupies the anterior proximal region of a limb bud.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Mesenchyme that occupies the posterior proximal region of a limb bud.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004409
posterior-proximal mesenchyme
Mesenchyme that occupies the posterior proximal region of a limb bud.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Mesenchyme that occupies the interdigital region of a limb bud.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004410
interdigital mesenchyme
Mesenchyme that occupies the interdigital region of a limb bud.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Portion of tissue that migrates and deposits immature neuromasts and interneuromasts.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-31T08:03:05Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004411
lateral line primordium
Portion of tissue that migrates and deposits immature neuromasts and interneuromasts.
ZFA:0000228
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The 2nd most posterior of the hind digits, consisting of a single metatarsal, 2 phalanges, and a claw.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
hind digit 2
pedal digit 2
toe 2
toe II
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004412
hindlimb digit 2
The 2nd most posterior of the hind digits, consisting of a single metatarsal, 2 phalanges, and a claw.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-4588
The 3rd most posterior, or middle, of the hind digits, consisting of a single metatarsal, 3 phalanges, and a claw.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
hind digit 3
pedal digit 3
toe 3
toe III
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004413
hindlimb digit 3
The 3rd most posterior, or middle, of the hind digits, consisting of a single metatarsal, 3 phalanges, and a claw.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-4588
The 2nd most anterior of the hind digits, consisting of a single metatarsal, 3 phalanges, and a claw.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
hind digit 4
pedal digit 4
toe 4
toe IV
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004414
hindlimb digit 4
The 2nd most anterior of the hind digits, consisting of a single metatarsal, 3 phalanges, and a claw.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-4588
The most anterior and longest of the hind digits, consisting of a single metatarsal, 3 phalanges, and a claw.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
hind digit 5
pedal digit 5
toe 5
toe V
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004415
hindlimb digit 5
The most anterior and longest of the hind digits, consisting of a single metatarsal, 3 phalanges, and a claw.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-4588
Portion of tissue consisting of unkeratinized cells at the most distal end of a developing digit and which will become a claw.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004416
claw primordium
Portion of tissue consisting of unkeratinized cells at the most distal end of a developing digit and which will become a claw.
Xenbase:Staff
Claw located at the end of the 1st hindlimb digit.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
claw of hind digit 1
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004417
claw of hindlimb digit 1
Claw located at the end of the 1st hindlimb digit.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Claw located at the end of the 2nd hindlimb digit.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
claw of hind digit 2
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004418
claw of hindlimb digit 2
Claw located at the end of the 2nd hindlimb digit.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Claw located at the end of the 3rd hindlimb digit.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
claw of hind digit 3
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004419
claw of hindlimb digit 3
Claw located at the end of the 3rd hindlimb digit.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Claw located at the end of the 4th hindlimb digit.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
claw of hind digit 4
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004420
claw of hindlimb digit 4
Claw located at the end of the 4th hindlimb digit.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Claw located at the end of the 5th hindlimb digit.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
claw of hind digit 5
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004421
claw of hindlimb digit 5
Claw located at the end of the 5th hindlimb digit.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Ganglion that develops from a cranial ectodermal placode and contains sensory neurons that innervate the posterior lateral line system.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-05T05:15:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
posterior lateral line ganglia
XAO:0004422
posterior lateral line ganglion
Ganglion that develops from a cranial ectodermal placode and contains sensory neurons that innervate the posterior lateral line system.
ZFA:0001314
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
posterior lateral line ganglia
The blood vessels of the trunk region.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-26T05:47:10Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004423
trunk vasculature
The blood vessels of the trunk region.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Anatomical region comprising the central part of the retina.
eriksegerdell
2012-07-01T02:33:21Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004424
central retina
Anatomical region comprising the central part of the retina.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The presumptive cells of the levator mandibulae longus internus muscle.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-30T09:49:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
mlmli
XAO:0004425
m. levator mandibulae longus internus primordium
The presumptive cells of the levator mandibulae longus internus muscle.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The presumptive cells of the levator mandibulae longus profundus muscle.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-30T09:49:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
mlmlp
XAO:0004426
m. levator mandibulae longus profundus primordium
The presumptive cells of the levator mandibulae longus profundus muscle.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The presumptive cells of the levator mandibulae longus superior muscle.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-30T09:49:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
mlmls
XAO:0004427
m. levator mandibulae longus superior primordium
The presumptive cells of the levator mandibulae longus superior muscle.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The presumptive cells of the levator mandibulae articularis muscle.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-30T09:49:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
mlma
XAO:0004428
m. levator mandibulae articularis primordium
The presumptive cells of the levator mandibulae articularis muscle.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The presumptive cells of the levator mandibulae externus muscle.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-30T09:49:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
mlme
XAO:0004429
m. levator mandibulae externus primordium
The presumptive cells of the levator mandibulae externus muscle.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The presumptive cells of the intermandibularis muscle.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-30T09:49:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
mim
XAO:0004430
m. intermandibularis primordium
The presumptive cells of the intermandibularis muscle.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The presumptive cells of the quadrato-hyoangularis muscle.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-30T09:49:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
mqh
XAO:0004431
m. quadrato-hyoangularis primordium
The presumptive cells of the quadrato-hyoangularis muscle.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The presumptive cells of the orbitohyoideus muscle.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-30T09:49:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
moh
XAO:0004432
m. orbitohyoideus primordium
The presumptive cells of the orbitohyoideus muscle.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The presumptive cells of the interhyoideus muscle.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-30T09:49:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
mih
XAO:0004433
m. interhyoideus primordium
The presumptive cells of the interhyoideus muscle.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The presumptive cells of the subarcualis rectus I muscle.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-30T09:49:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
msr
XAO:0004434
m. subarcualis rectus I primordium
The presumptive cells of the subarcualis rectus I muscle.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The presumptive cells of the transversus anterior muscle.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-30T09:49:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
mta
XAO:0004435
m. transversus anterior primordium
The presumptive cells of the transversus anterior muscle.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The presumptive cells of the transversus ventralis II muscle.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-30T09:49:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
mtvII
XAO:0004436
m. transversus ventralis II primordium
The presumptive cells of the transversus ventralis II muscle.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The presumptive cells of the levator arcuum branchialium I muscles.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-30T09:49:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
mlabI
XAO:0004437
mm. levator arcuum branchialium I primordium
The presumptive cells of the levator arcuum branchialium I muscles.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The presumptive cells of the levator arcuum branchialium II muscles.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-30T09:49:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
mlabII
XAO:0004438
mm. levator arcuum branchialium II primordium
The presumptive cells of the levator arcuum branchialium II muscles.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The presumptive cells of the levator arcuum branchialium III muscles.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-30T09:49:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
mlabIII
XAO:0004439
mm. levator arcuum branchialium III primordium
The presumptive cells of the levator arcuum branchialium III muscles.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The presumptive cells of the levator arcuum branchialium IV muscles.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-30T09:49:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
mlabIV
XAO:0004440
mm. levator arcuum branchialium IV primordium
The presumptive cells of the levator arcuum branchialium IV muscles.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The presumptive cells of the constrictores branchiales II muscles.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-30T09:49:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
mcbII
XAO:0004441
mm. constrictores branchiales II primordium
The presumptive cells of the constrictores branchiales II muscles.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The presumptive cells of the constrictores branchiales III muscles.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-30T09:49:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
mcbIII
XAO:0004442
mm. constrictores branchiales III primordium
The presumptive cells of the constrictores branchiales III muscles.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The presumptive cells of the constrictores branchiales IV muscles.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-30T09:49:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
mcbIV
XAO:0004443
mm. constrictores branchiales IV primordium
The presumptive cells of the constrictores branchiales IV muscles.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The presumptive cells of the geniohyoideus muscle.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-30T09:49:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
mgh
XAO:0004444
m. geniohyoideus primordium
The presumptive cells of the geniohyoideus muscle.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The presumptive cells of the rectus cervicis muscle.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-30T09:49:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
mrc
XAO:0004445
m. rectus cervicis primordium
The presumptive cells of the rectus cervicis muscle.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The presumptive cells of the constrictor laryngis muscle.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-30T09:49:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004446
m. constrictor laryngis primordium
The presumptive cells of the constrictor laryngis muscle.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The presumptive cells of the dilatator laryngis muscle.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-30T09:49:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004447
m. dilatator laryngis primordium
The presumptive cells of the dilatator laryngis muscle.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The presumptive cells of laryngeal muscle.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-30T09:49:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004448
laryngeal muscle primordium
The presumptive cells of laryngeal muscle.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The presumptive cells of the rectus anterior muscle.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-30T09:49:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004449
m. rectus anterior primordium
The presumptive cells of the rectus anterior muscle.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The presumptive cells of the rectus posterior muscle.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-30T09:49:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004450
m. rectus posterior primordium
The presumptive cells of the rectus posterior muscle.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The presumptive cells of the rectus inferior muscle.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-30T09:49:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004451
m. rectus inferior primordium
The presumptive cells of the rectus inferior muscle.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The presumptive cells of the rectus superior muscle.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-30T09:49:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004452
m. rectus superior primordium
The presumptive cells of the rectus superior muscle.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The presumptive cells of the obliquus inferior muscle.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-30T09:49:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004453
m. obliquus inferior primordium
The presumptive cells of the obliquus inferior muscle.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The presumptive cells of the obliquus superior muscle.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-30T09:49:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004454
m. obliquus superior primordium
The presumptive cells of the obliquus superior muscle.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The presumptive cells of any of the cranial muscles.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-30T10:00:01Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004455
cranial muscle primordium
The presumptive cells of any of the cranial muscles.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
A sharp boundary, running parallel to the outside of the embryo, between involuted mesoderm and external ectoderm. It runs from the blastopore to the upper limit of the involuted mesoderm.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-31T11:43:41Z
Brachy's cleft
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004456
Brachet's cleft
A sharp boundary, running parallel to the outside of the embryo, between involuted mesoderm and external ectoderm. It runs from the blastopore to the upper limit of the involuted mesoderm.
PMID:21464931
Ganglion that develops from a cranial ectodermal placode and contains sensory neurons that innervate a lateral line.
eriksegerdell
2012-05-31T08:16:22Z
xenopus_anatomy
lateral line ganglia
XAO:0004457
lateral line ganglion
Ganglion that develops from a cranial ectodermal placode and contains sensory neurons that innervate a lateral line.
ZFA:0000120
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
lateral line ganglia
Anatomical region comprising the peripheral part of the retina.
eriksegerdell
2012-07-01T02:33:47Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004458
peripheral retina
Anatomical region comprising the peripheral part of the retina.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Cartilaginous element that is below the trabecula and parachordal.
eriksegerdell
2012-09-09T03:24:03Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004459
subocular cartilage
Cartilaginous element that is below the trabecula and parachordal.
Xenbase:Staff
Portion of tissue comprising the vascular layer of the eye, containing connective tissue and lying between the retina and the sclera. It provides oxygen and nourishment to the outer layers of the retina. Along with the ciliary body and iris, it forms the uveal tract.
eriksegerdell
2012-09-09T03:31:52Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004460
choroid
Portion of tissue comprising the vascular layer of the eye, containing connective tissue and lying between the retina and the sclera. It provides oxygen and nourishment to the outer layers of the retina. Along with the ciliary body and iris, it forms the uveal tract.
Wikipedia:Choroid
Xenbase:Staff
Site above the branchial arch complex where vagal neural crest cells temporarily arrest their migration before entering the pharyngeal arches and heart.
eriksegerdell
2012-09-09T03:40:23Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004461
circumpharyngeal ridge
Site above the branchial arch complex where vagal neural crest cells temporarily arrest their migration before entering the pharyngeal arches and heart.
Xenbase:Staff
Single cell layer of involuted endoderm lying beneath the prechordal plate.
eriksegerdell
2012-09-09T03:50:45Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004462
dorsal endoderm
Single cell layer of involuted endoderm lying beneath the prechordal plate.
Xenbase:Staff
Embryonic endoderm that evaginates to form the paired pharyngeal pouches.
eriksegerdell
2012-09-09T04:08:58Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004463
pharyngeal endoderm
Embryonic endoderm that evaginates to form the paired pharyngeal pouches.
Xenbase:Staff
The most anterior segment of the developing hindbrain.
eriksegerdell
2012-09-09T04:24:23Z
r1
xenopus_anatomy
rhombomere 1
XAO:0004464
rhombomere R1
The most anterior segment of the developing hindbrain.
Xenbase:Staff
Canal that connects the membranous labyrinth of the ear with the endolymphatic sac.
eriksegerdell
2012-09-09T04:31:49Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004465
endolymphatic duct
Canal that connects the membranous labyrinth of the ear with the endolymphatic sac.
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/endolymphatic+duct
Multi-tissue structure that comprises a secretory epithelial layer and a connective tissue layer.
eriksegerdell
2012-09-18T03:32:10Z
xenopus_anatomy
serosa
XAO:0004466
serous membrane
Multi-tissue structure that comprises a secretory epithelial layer and a connective tissue layer.
Wikipedia:Serous_membrane
Cell component comprising the outer layers of the zygote.
eriksegerdell
2012-09-18T03:50:25Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004467
zygote cortex
Cell component comprising the outer layers of the zygote.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Multi-tissue structure that is the outermost layer of an organ.
eriksegerdell
2012-09-18T03:51:06Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004468
organ cortex
Multi-tissue structure that is the outermost layer of an organ.
UBERON:0001851
A small tissue element in the form of a beam, strut, or rod that generally has a mechanical function and is usually composed of dense cartilaginous tissue.
xenopus_anatomy
trabeculae
XAO:0004469
trabecula
A small tissue element in the form of a beam, strut, or rod that generally has a mechanical function and is usually composed of dense cartilaginous tissue.
Wikipedia:Trabecula
trabeculae
A type of trabecula that consists of a rounded or irregular column that projects from the inner surface of the ventricle of the heart.
xenopus_anatomy
trabeculae carneae
XAO:0004470
trabecula carnea
A type of trabecula that consists of a rounded or irregular column that projects from the inner surface of the ventricle of the heart.
Wikipedia:Trabeculae_carneae
trabeculae carneae
Cardiac septum that separates the right atrium from the left atrium.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004471
atrial septum
Cardiac septum that separates the right atrium from the left atrium.
UBERON:0002085
A large quadrangular cavity that precedes the atrium on the venous side of the heart.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004472
sinus venosus
A large quadrangular cavity that precedes the atrium on the venous side of the heart.
Wikipedia:Sinus_venosus
Embryonic structure that is induced by the organizer to become lateral mesoderm.
eriksegerdell
2013-03-15T20:23:49Z
UBERON:2000083
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004473
ventral mesoderm
Embryonic structure that is induced by the organizer to become lateral mesoderm.
Wikipedia:Regional_specification
Anatomical region that surrounds the otic vesicle.
eriksegerdell
2013-03-17T11:59:34Z
xenopus_anatomy
periotic mesenchyme
XAO:0004474
periotic region
Anatomical region that surrounds the otic vesicle.
Xenbase:Staff
A mature contractile cell, which has as part of its cytoplasm myofibrils organized in various patterns. Found in muscle tissue, myocytes are long, tubular cells that arise developmentally from myoblasts to form muscle. There are specialized forms: cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle myocytes, with various properties.
eriksegerdell
2013-03-17T12:20:58Z
CL:0000187
xenopus_anatomy
muscle cell
muscle cells
muscle fiber
myocytes
XAO:0004475
myocyte
A mature contractile cell, which has as part of its cytoplasm myofibrils organized in various patterns. Found in muscle tissue, myocytes are long, tubular cells that arise developmentally from myoblasts to form muscle. There are specialized forms: cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle myocytes, with various properties.
CL:0000187
Xenbase:Staff
muscle cells
myocytes
A myocyte of the skeletal muscle.
eriksegerdell
2013-03-17T12:44:10Z
CL:0000188
xenopus_anatomy
skeletal muscle cell
skeletal muscle cells
skeletal myocytes
XAO:0004476
skeletal myocyte
A myocyte of the skeletal muscle.
Xenbase:Staff
skeletal muscle cells
skeletal myocytes
A myocyte of the smooth muscle.
eriksegerdell
2013-03-17T12:44:35Z
CL:0000192
xenopus_anatomy
smooth muscle cell
smooth muscle cells
smooth muscle myocytes
XAO:0004477
smooth muscle myocyte
A myocyte of the smooth muscle.
Xenbase:Staff
smooth muscle cells
smooth muscle myocytes
The most posterior digit of a forelimb, consisting of a single metatarsal, 3 phalanges, and a claw.
eriksegerdell
2013-03-17T13:50:37Z
fore digit 2
manual digit 2
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004478
forelimb digit 2
The most posterior digit of a forelimb, consisting of a single metatarsal, 3 phalanges, and a claw.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-4588
The second most posterior digit of a forelimb, consisting of a single metatarsal, 3 phalanges, and a claw.
eriksegerdell
2013-03-17T13:50:40Z
fore digit 3
manual digit 3
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004479
forelimb digit 3
The second most posterior digit of a forelimb, consisting of a single metatarsal, 3 phalanges, and a claw.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-4588
The second most anterior digit of a forelimb, consisting of a single metatarsal, 3 phalanges, and a claw.
eriksegerdell
2013-03-17T13:50:49Z
fore digit 4
manual digit 4
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004480
forelimb digit 4
The second most anterior digit of a forelimb, consisting of a single metatarsal, 3 phalanges, and a claw.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-4588
The most anterior digit of a forelimb, consisting of a single metatarsal, 2 phalanges, and a claw.
eriksegerdell
2013-03-17T13:50:51Z
fore digit 5
manual digit 5
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004481
forelimb digit 5
The most anterior digit of a forelimb, consisting of a single metatarsal, 2 phalanges, and a claw.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-4588
Neural crest-derived cell type that gives rise to the epicardium.
eriksegerdell
2013-04-10T12:31:30Z
xenopus_anatomy
epicardial precursor cells
pro-epicardial organ
XAO:0004482
epicardial precursor cell
Neural crest-derived cell type that gives rise to the epicardium.
Xenbase:Staff
epicardial precursor cells
Cell that is present in the stem cell region of the retinal ciliary marginal zone.
eriksegerdell
2013-04-10T12:52:47Z
xenopus_anatomy
retinal stem cells
XAO:0004483
retinal stem cell
Cell that is present in the stem cell region of the retinal ciliary marginal zone.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-4588
retinal stem cells
Cell that is present in the progenitor cell region of the retinal ciliary marginal zone.
eriksegerdell
2013-04-10T12:57:10Z
xenopus_anatomy
retinal progenitor cells
XAO:0004484
retinal progenitor cell
Cell that is present in the progenitor cell region of the retinal ciliary marginal zone.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-4588
retinal progenitor cells
An endocrine cell that has the specialized function to produce and secrete hormones in response to neuronal signals.
eriksegerdell
2013-04-10T13:03:39Z
CL:0000165
xenopus_anatomy
neuroendocrine cells
XAO:0004485
neuroendocrine cell
An endocrine cell that has the specialized function to produce and secrete hormones in response to neuronal signals.
CL:0000165
neuroendocrine cells
Anatomical structure that has as its direct parts two or more types of tissue and is continuous with one or more anatomical structures likewise constituted by two or more portions of tissues distinct from those of their complement.
eriksegerdell
2013-04-10T13:51:44Z
UBERON:0000064
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004486
organ part
Anatomical structure that has as its direct parts two or more types of tissue and is continuous with one or more anatomical structures likewise constituted by two or more portions of tissues distinct from those of their complement.
UBERON:0000064
Organ part consisting of the rounded end of a long bone (at its joint with adjacent bone), which in Xenopus are the tibia-fibula and femur of the hindlimb, and the radio-ulna and humerus of the forelimb.
eriksegerdell
2013-04-10T13:54:10Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004487
epiphysis
Organ part consisting of the rounded end of a long bone (at its joint with adjacent bone), which in Xenopus are the tibia-fibula and femur of the hindlimb, and the radio-ulna and humerus of the forelimb.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-4588
Organ part consisting of the main section or midsection of a long bone, which in Xenopus are the tibia-fibula and femur of the hindlimb, and the radio-ulna and humerus of the forelimb.
eriksegerdell
2013-04-10T14:00:23Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004488
diaphysis
Organ part consisting of the main section or midsection of a long bone, which in Xenopus are the tibia-fibula and femur of the hindlimb, and the radio-ulna and humerus of the forelimb.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-4588
A cone-shaped hypomorphic structure consisting of a single continuous cartilage, typical of a regenerated forelimb or hindlimb when amputated after a specific developmental stage.
eriksegerdell
2013-04-10T14:06:57Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004489
spike
A cone-shaped hypomorphic structure consisting of a single continuous cartilage, typical of a regenerated forelimb or hindlimb when amputated after a specific developmental stage.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-4588
The apical region of a developing forelimb bud which will form the autopod segment of the forelimb.
eriksegerdell
2013-04-10T15:11:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
presumptive forelimb autopodium
XAO:0004490
forelimb bud tip
The apical region of a developing forelimb bud which will form the autopod segment of the forelimb.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-4588
The apical region of a developing hindlimb bud which will form the autopod segment of the hindlimb.
eriksegerdell
2013-04-10T15:23:29Z
xenopus_anatomy
presumptive hindlimb autopodium
XAO:0004491
hindlimb bud tip
The apical region of a developing hindlimb bud which will form the autopod segment of the hindlimb.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-4588
The physical groove that forms between cells at the first cell division. One-celled oocytes (NF stage 1) undergo cytoplasmic reorganization driven by sperm entry in the animal pole, where the cleavage furrow initiates, and it moves circumferentially along a line of longitude as well as progressing inwards through the cytoplasm, ultimately dividing the fertilized oocyte into two cells of equal size, defining NF stage 2.
eriksegerdell
2013-04-10T15:39:26Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004492
cleavage furrow
The physical groove that forms between cells at the first cell division. One-celled oocytes (NF stage 1) undergo cytoplasmic reorganization driven by sperm entry in the animal pole, where the cleavage furrow initiates, and it moves circumferentially along a line of longitude as well as progressing inwards through the cytoplasm, ultimately dividing the fertilized oocyte into two cells of equal size, defining NF stage 2.
PMID:11891298
PMID:16371595
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-4588
The presumptive cells of the pelvic girdle.
eriksegerdell
2013-04-10T18:41:04Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004493
pelvic girdle primordium
The presumptive cells of the pelvic girdle.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
A prominent, slender, rod-like projection of the iliac bone located close to the acetabiulum and directed posteriorly.
eriksegerdell
2013-04-10T18:45:25Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004494
iliac process
A prominent, slender, rod-like projection of the iliac bone located close to the acetabiulum and directed posteriorly.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-4588
The presumptive cells of the iliac process.
eriksegerdell
2013-04-10T18:49:21Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004495
iliac process primordium
The presumptive cells of the iliac process.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Either of the paired bones that are the dorsal-most and largest bones of the pelvic girdle. They begin to connect to the sacral vertebra (9th vertebra) at NF stage 59.
eriksegerdell
2013-04-10T18:56:57Z
iliac bone
xenopus_anatomy
ilia
XAO:0004496
ilium
Either of the paired bones that are the dorsal-most and largest bones of the pelvic girdle. They begin to connect to the sacral vertebra (9th vertebra) at NF stage 59.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-4588
ilia
Any of the posterior and smaller bones of the pelvic girdle. The ischia appear at NF stage 53, grow toward each other at NF stage 55, fusing and beginning to ossify by NF stage 58/59.
eriksegerdell
2013-04-10T19:03:50Z
xenopus_anatomy
ischia
XAO:0004497
ischium
Any of the posterior and smaller bones of the pelvic girdle. The ischia appear at NF stage 53, grow toward each other at NF stage 55, fusing and beginning to ossify by NF stage 58/59.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-4588
ischia
The ventral and anterior of the three principal bones composing the pelvic girdle. The pubes fuse with the ilia at NF stage 53, and touch each other at NF stage 62. Full contact of the medial surfaces occurs at NF stage 63 when ossification also begins. Ossification continues through metamorphosis.
eriksegerdell
2013-04-10T19:18:02Z
xenopus_anatomy
pubes
XAO:0004498
pubis
The ventral and anterior of the three principal bones composing the pelvic girdle. The pubes fuse with the ilia at NF stage 53, and touch each other at NF stage 62. Full contact of the medial surfaces occurs at NF stage 63 when ossification also begins. Ossification continues through metamorphosis.
PMID:15679868
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-4588
pubes
Vertebra posterior to the sacral vertebra. The 4 postsacral vertebrae fuse and ossify (NF stage 66) to form the urostyle.
eriksegerdell
2013-04-10T19:27:34Z
xenopus_anatomy
postsacral vertebrae
XAO:0004499
postsacral vertebra
Vertebra posterior to the sacral vertebra. The 4 postsacral vertebrae fuse and ossify (NF stage 66) to form the urostyle.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-4588
postsacral vertebrae
Any of the bony lateral projections from the presacral veterebrae of the anterior trunk region, enabling the lungs to expand and thus facilitate breathing by expanding the chest cavity. They serve to protect the lungs, heart, and other internal organs of the thorax.
eriksegerdell
2013-04-10T19:32:29Z
vertebral rib
xenopus_anatomy
ribs
XAO:0004500
rib
Any of the bony lateral projections from the presacral veterebrae of the anterior trunk region, enabling the lungs to expand and thus facilitate breathing by expanding the chest cavity. They serve to protect the lungs, heart, and other internal organs of the thorax.
Wikipedia:Rib
ribs
A cell that is in the process of programmed cell death. The process is characterized by morphological changes (e.g. blebbing, cell shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation, chromatin condensation, and chromosomal DNA fragmentation) ending in cell death.
eriksegerdell
2013-04-10T19:46:34Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004501
apoptotic cell
A cell that is in the process of programmed cell death. The process is characterized by morphological changes (e.g. blebbing, cell shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation, chromatin condensation, and chromosomal DNA fragmentation) ending in cell death.
Wikipedia:Apoptosis
A cell that is in the process of replication, and is idenitifable by chromosomal replication.
eriksegerdell
2013-04-10T19:50:41Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004502
mitotic cell
A cell that is in the process of replication, and is idenitifable by chromosomal replication.
Xenbase:Staff
A membrane that lines the outer surface of all bones, except at the joints of long bones. It consists of dense irregular connective tissue, and is divided into an outer fibrous layer and inner osteogenic layer. The fibrous layer contains fibroblasts, while the osteogenic layer contains progenitor cells that develop into osteoblasts, which are essential to the healing process.
eriksegerdell
2013-04-10T19:57:52Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004503
periosteum
A membrane that lines the outer surface of all bones, except at the joints of long bones. It consists of dense irregular connective tissue, and is divided into an outer fibrous layer and inner osteogenic layer. The fibrous layer contains fibroblasts, while the osteogenic layer contains progenitor cells that develop into osteoblasts, which are essential to the healing process.
Wikipedia:Periosteum
The outer layer of the periosteum, containing acellular connective tissue and fibroblasts.
eriksegerdell
2013-04-10T20:03:11Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004504
periosteum (sensu fibrous layer)
The outer layer of the periosteum, containing acellular connective tissue and fibroblasts.
Wikipedia:Periosteum
The inner layer of the periosteum, containing osteoblasts.
eriksegerdell
2013-04-10T20:03:49Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004505
periosteum (sensu osteogenic layer)
The inner layer of the periosteum, containing osteoblasts.
Wikipedia:Periosteum
The tissue or tissues between the digits of the forelimb and the hindlimb.
eriksegerdell
2013-04-10T20:14:47Z
xenopus_anatomy
webbing
XAO:0004506
interdigital webbing
The tissue or tissues between the digits of the forelimb and the hindlimb.
Xenbase:Staff
Skeletogenic cell that secretes osteoid, is capable of producing mineralized matrix, is located adjacent to or within osteoid tissue, and arises from the transformation of a preosteoblast cell.
eriksegerdell
2013-04-10T20:18:46Z
CL:0000062
xenopus_anatomy
bone cell
XAO:0004507
osteoblast
Skeletogenic cell that secretes osteoid, is capable of producing mineralized matrix, is located adjacent to or within osteoid tissue, and arises from the transformation of a preosteoblast cell.
CL:0000062
Mesenchyme that is part of a mandibular component.
eriksegerdell
2013-04-10T22:47:54Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004508
mandibular mesenchyme
Mesenchyme that is part of a mandibular component.
UBERON:0009584
Layer of lateral plate mesoderm that forms the body wall lining and dermis.
eriksegerdell
2013-04-10T23:01:12Z
DLPM
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004509
dorsal lateral plate mesoderm
Layer of lateral plate mesoderm that forms the body wall lining and dermis.
Wikipedia:Lateral_plate_mesoderm
Type of precursor cell from which melanophores develop.
eriksegerdell
2013-04-10T23:08:51Z
CL:0000541
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004510
melanoblast
Type of precursor cell from which melanophores develop.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-4588
The endoderm cells that are fated to become the hindgut.
eriksegerdell
2013-04-10T23:24:26Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004511
hindgut primordium
The endoderm cells that are fated to become the hindgut.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-4588
The endoderm cells that are fated to become the midgut.
eriksegerdell
2013-04-10T23:31:07Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004512
midgut primordium
The endoderm cells that are fated to become the midgut.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-4588
The endoderm cells that are fated to become the foregut.
eriksegerdell
2013-04-10T23:32:46Z
xenopus_anatomy
foregut primordium
XAO:0004513
foregut endoderm
The endoderm cells that are fated to become the foregut.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-4588
The anterior part of the optic tectum.
eriksegerdell
2013-04-10T23:41:35Z
xenopus_anatomy
pre-tectum
XAO:0004514
anterior tectum
The anterior part of the optic tectum.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The posterior part of the optic tectum.
eriksegerdell
2013-04-10T23:43:45Z
xenopus_anatomy
pre-tectum
XAO:0004515
posterior tectum
The posterior part of the optic tectum.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The upper surface of the vegetal yolk mass which forms the floor for the blastocoel (cavity) of the early gastrula embryo.
eriksegerdell
2013-04-10T23:45:26Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004516
blastocoel floor
The upper surface of the vegetal yolk mass which forms the floor for the blastocoel (cavity) of the early gastrula embryo.
Xenbase:Staff
A ciliated cell that is not part of the epidermis.
eriksegerdell
2013-04-11T11:36:47Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004517
ciliated non-epidermal cell
A ciliated cell that is not part of the epidermis.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The proximal segment of the pronephric tubule, closest to the glomus and functioning in solute resorption and waste excretion.
eriksegerdell
2013-04-26T14:20:27Z
xenopus_anatomy
pronephric nephron
XAO:0004518
proximal tubule
The proximal segment of the pronephric tubule, closest to the glomus and functioning in solute resorption and waste excretion.
PMID:15223337
The distal segment of the pronephric tubule, functioning in water resorption, with urine passing through it into the pronephric duct.
eriksegerdell
2013-04-26T14:34:59Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004519
distal tubule
The distal segment of the pronephric tubule, functioning in water resorption, with urine passing through it into the pronephric duct.
PMID:15223337
A distal stem cell region of the proximal tubule. There are 3 branches, with anteriodorsal, anterioventral, and posterior positions. These are sometimes referred to as proximal tubule segment 1 or PT1.
eriksegerdell
2013-04-26T14:48:46Z
xenopus_anatomy
PT1
proximal tubule segment 1
XAO:0004520
proximal tubule branch
A distal stem cell region of the proximal tubule. There are 3 branches, with anteriodorsal, anterioventral, and posterior positions. These are sometimes referred to as proximal tubule segment 1 or PT1.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-4588
A fluid-filled cavity formed within the mesoderm of the embryo.
eriksegerdell
2013-04-26T15:36:18Z
xenopus_anatomy
body cavity
XAO:0004521
coelom
A fluid-filled cavity formed within the mesoderm of the embryo.
Wikipedia:Coelom
Cell that is part of the neural crest region of the neuroepithelium, prior to migration.
eriksegerdell
2013-05-27T16:31:38Z
CL:0007004
xenopus_anatomy
premigratory neural crest cells
XAO:0004522
premigratory neural crest cell
Cell that is part of the neural crest region of the neuroepithelium, prior to migration.
CL:0007004
premigratory neural crest cells
Any of the neurons specific to the gastrointestinal system. Enteric neurons are embedded the lining of the esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines and the cloaca.
eriksegerdell
2013-05-27T16:58:52Z
CL:0007011
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004523
enteric neuron
Any of the neurons specific to the gastrointestinal system. Enteric neurons are embedded the lining of the esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines and the cloaca.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enteric_nervous_system
The undifferentiated, loose connective tissue of the pharyngeal region, that is derived mostly from mesoderm, and also contains ectodermally derived neural crest cells.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004524
pharyngeal mesenchyme
The undifferentiated, loose connective tissue of the pharyngeal region, that is derived mostly from mesoderm, and also contains ectodermally derived neural crest cells.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-4588
Water-filled cavity in the adult frog that is apposed to an olfactory epithelium for detection of aqueous odorants.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004525
medium cavity
Water-filled cavity in the adult frog that is apposed to an olfactory epithelium for detection of aqueous odorants.
Xenbase:KAB
Air-filled cavity in the adult frog apposed to an olfactory epithelium for detection of airborne odorants.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004526
principal cavity
Air-filled cavity in the adult frog apposed to an olfactory epithelium for detection of airborne odorants.
Xenbase:KAB
Sensory neuron responsible for detection of odorants.
ORN
OSN
olfactory receptor neuron
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004527
olfactory sensory neuron
Sensory neuron responsible for detection of odorants.
Xenbase:KAB
The 16th somite located posterior to the head. This somite is resorbed at metamorphosis.
somite 18
trunk somite 18
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004528
tail somite 18
The 16th somite located posterior to the head. This somite is resorbed at metamorphosis.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Portion of tissue in an eye consisting of the iris, ciliary body, and choroid.
UBERON:0001768
uvea
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004529
uveal tract
Portion of tissue in an eye consisting of the iris, ciliary body, and choroid.
UBERON:0001768
The forebrain region that coordinates sensory signaling arising from the vomeronasal organ; it is located on the dorsal-posterior portion of the main olfactory bulb, and the axons that leave the accessory olfactory bulb project to targets in the amygdala and hypothalamus.
UBERON:0004069
xenopus_anatomy
anterior olfactory bulb
XAO:0004530
accessory olfactory bulb
The forebrain region that coordinates sensory signaling arising from the vomeronasal organ; it is located on the dorsal-posterior portion of the main olfactory bulb, and the axons that leave the accessory olfactory bulb project to targets in the amygdala and hypothalamus.
UBERON:0004069
An almond-shaped set of neurons in the medial temporal lobe of the brain that is involved in the linkage of environmental information with social behavior and action selection.
UBERON:0001876
Amyg
xenopus_anatomy
corpus amygdaloideum
XAO:0004531
amygdala
An almond-shaped set of neurons in the medial temporal lobe of the brain that is involved in the linkage of environmental information with social behavior and action selection.
GO:0021764
PMID:24005304
A nucleus comprising the anterior aspect of the amygdala, adjacent to the basal forebrain, and involved in receiving olfactory information.
UBERON:0002890
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004532
anterior amygdala
A nucleus comprising the anterior aspect of the amygdala, adjacent to the basal forebrain, and involved in receiving olfactory information.
ISBN:0123815339
A forebrain white matter structure consisting of a large fiber bundle, connecting the two cerebral hemispheres across the middle line.
UBERON:0000935
AC
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004533
anterior commissure
A forebrain white matter structure consisting of a large fiber bundle, connecting the two cerebral hemispheres across the middle line.
Xenbase:KAB
Nucleus situated in the pallidum that provides auditory input to the torus semicircularis.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004534
anterior entopeduncular nucleus
Nucleus situated in the pallidum that provides auditory input to the torus semicircularis.
PMID:11536185
Region of spinal cord white matter lying on either side between the ventral median fissure and the ventral roots of the spinal nerves.
UBERON:0002180
xenopus_anatomy
anterior funiculus
XAO:0004535
ventral funiculus
Region of spinal cord white matter lying on either side between the ventral median fissure and the ventral roots of the spinal nerves.
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ventral+funiculus
Nucleus situated in the thalamus that is associated with the limbic system and is implicated in learning and episodic memory.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004536
anterior thalamic nucleus
Nucleus situated in the thalamus that is associated with the limbic system and is implicated in learning and episodic memory.
Wikipedia:Anterior_nuclei_of_thalamus
Nucleus located anterodorsally in the midbrain tegmentum.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004537
anterodorsal tegmental nucleus
Nucleus located anterodorsally in the midbrain tegmentum.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Nucleus located anteroventrally in the midbrain tegmentum.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004538
anteroventral tegmental nucleus
Nucleus located anteroventrally in the midbrain tegmentum.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
A group of structures that lie in the ventralmost parts of the forebrain and are formed by the derivatives of the subpallium.
UBERON:0002743
xenopus_anatomy
ventral telencephalon
XAO:0004539
basal forebrain
A group of structures that lie in the ventralmost parts of the forebrain and are formed by the derivatives of the subpallium.
Xenbase:KAB
Composite structure derived principally from the subpallium and containing numerous ganglia of the ventral telencephalon.
UBERON:0010011
xenopus_anatomy
basal ganglia
basal ganglia nuclei
basal nuclei
XAO:0004540
basal ganglion
Composite structure derived principally from the subpallium and containing numerous ganglia of the ventral telencephalon.
Xenbase:KAB
basal ganglia
A brain structure in the forebrain wrapped around the stria terminalis. Its largest extent can be found around the crossing of the anterior commissure.
UBERON:0001880
BST
bed nucleus striae terminalis
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004541
bed nucleus of the stria terminalis
A brain structure in the forebrain wrapped around the stria terminalis. Its largest extent can be found around the crossing of the anterior commissure.
UBERON:0001880
A nucleus comprising the central aspect of the amygdala, identified as a target for ascending auditory information from the central thalamic nucleus and as a major afferent to the vocal pattern generator of the hindbrain.
UBERON:0002883
CeA
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004542
central amygdala
A nucleus comprising the central aspect of the amygdala, identified as a target for ascending auditory information from the central thalamic nucleus and as a major afferent to the vocal pattern generator of the hindbrain.
PMID:24005304
Spinal cord structure that is part of the ventricular system and is filled with cerebral-spinal fluid and runs the length of the spinal cord.
UBERON:0002291
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004543
central canal
Spinal cord structure that is part of the ventricular system and is filled with cerebral-spinal fluid and runs the length of the spinal cord.
UBERON:0002291
Nucleus that is located centrally in the thalamus.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004544
central nucleus of the thalamus
Nucleus that is located centrally in the thalamus.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
A nucleus that is situated in the brainstem.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004545
dorsal column nucleus
A nucleus that is situated in the brainstem.
Wikipedia:Dorsal_column_nuclei
Cell mass in the caudal and dorsal aspect of the dorsal thalamus adjoining the pineal gland.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004546
dorsal habenular nucleus
Cell mass in the caudal and dorsal aspect of the dorsal thalamus adjoining the pineal gland.
Xenbase:KAB
The predominant portion of the globus pallidus in the striatopallidal system, which is defined by connectivity and neurochemical staining. It is distinguished from the ventral pallidum by a boundary that is partially defined by the anterior commissure.
UBERON:0006516
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004547
dorsal pallidum
The predominant portion of the globus pallidus in the striatopallidal system, which is defined by connectivity and neurochemical staining. It is distinguished from the ventral pallidum by a boundary that is partially defined by the anterior commissure.
UBERON:0006516
Subdivision of thepallium that is located dorsally.
UBERON:0014740
xenopus_anatomy
isocortex
XAO:0004548
dorsal pallium
Subdivision of thepallium that is located dorsally.
UBERON:0014740
A set of septal nuclei comprising the dorsal aspect of the forebrain septum.
Sd
septum dorsalis
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004549
dorsal septum
A set of septal nuclei comprising the dorsal aspect of the forebrain septum.
Xenbase:KAB
Cytoarchitectural part of the olfactory bulb, lying superior to the mitral cell layer and inferior to the glomerular layer. The EPL is mostly neuropil composed almost entirely of mitral and tulfted cell dendrites and granule cell dendrites and their synaptic inputs.
UBERON:0005376
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004551
external plexiform layer of the olfactory bulb
Cytoarchitectural part of the olfactory bulb, lying superior to the mitral cell layer and inferior to the glomerular layer. The EPL is mostly neuropil composed almost entirely of mitral and tulfted cell dendrites and granule cell dendrites and their synaptic inputs.
UBERON:0005376
Superficial layer of the olfactory bulb, composed of spherical glomeruli, where input from olfactory receptor neurons is first organized and processed.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004552
glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb
Superficial layer of the olfactory bulb, composed of spherical glomeruli, where input from olfactory receptor neurons is first organized and processed.
PMID:16765614
Type of neuron characterized by having very small cell bodies. These cells are found within the granular layers of the cerebellum and the olfactory bulb.
CL:0000120
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004553
granule cell
Type of neuron characterized by having very small cell bodies. These cells are found within the granular layers of the cerebellum and the olfactory bulb.
Wikipedia:Granule_cell
The innermost layer of the cerebellar cortex, containing densely packed small neurons, mostly granule cells.
UBERON:0002956
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004554
granule cell layer of the cerebellum
The innermost layer of the cerebellar cortex, containing densely packed small neurons, mostly granule cells.
UBERON:0002956
A layer of the olfactory bulb interior to the mitral cell layer, consisting of inhibitory interneurons.
UBERON:0005378
xenopus_anatomy
internal granular layer
XAO:0004555
granule cell layer of the olfactory bulb
A layer of the olfactory bulb interior to the mitral cell layer, consisting of inhibitory interneurons.
Xenbase:KAB
Region of the thalamus adjoining the pineal gland.
UBERON:0001904
Hb
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004556
habenula
Region of the thalamus adjoining the pineal gland.
Xenbase:KAB
Nucleus that is a prominant part of the visual system, receiving input from the ipsilateral tectum and sending output to both tecta.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004557
isthmic nucleus
Nucleus that is a prominant part of the visual system, receiving input from the ipsilateral tectum and sending output to both tecta.
PMID:3497362
A nucleus comprising the lateral aspect of the amygdala, implicated in fear conditioning.
UBERON:0002886
LA
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004558
lateral amygdala
A nucleus comprising the lateral aspect of the amygdala, implicated in fear conditioning.
Wikipedia:Amygdala
A fiber system that is formed by pallial and subpallial components that join in the caudal telencephalon. It proceeds caudally, piercing the optic tract, to the ventral part of the hypothalamus.
UBERON:2007012
LFB
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004559
lateral forebrain bundle
A fiber system that is formed by pallial and subpallial components that join in the caudal telencephalon. It proceeds caudally, piercing the optic tract, to the ventral part of the hypothalamus.
ISBN:3540560130
Region of spinal cord white matter that is both ventral to the dorsal root and dorsal to the ventral root.
UBERON:0002179
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004560
lateral funiculus
Region of spinal cord white matter that is both ventral to the dorsal root and dorsal to the ventral root.
Xenbase:KAB
Diencephalic nucleus that is the lateral part of the ventral hypothalamic zone.
UBERON:0001937
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004562
lateral hypothalamic nucleus
Diencephalic nucleus that is the lateral part of the ventral hypothalamic zone.
ZFA:0000227
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Subdivision of the pallium that is located laterally.
UBERON:0014741
xenopus_anatomy
olfactory cortex
XAO:0004563
lateral pallium
Subdivision of the pallium that is located laterally.
UBERON:0014741
A set of septal nuclei comprising the lateral aspect of the forebrain septum.
Sl
septum lateralis
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004564
lateral septum
A set of septal nuclei comprising the lateral aspect of the forebrain septum.
Xenbase:KAB
A nucleus situated in the brainstem, spanning the midbrain tegmentum and the pontine tegmentum.
UBERON:0002267
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004565
laterodorsal tegmental nucleus
A nucleus situated in the brainstem, spanning the midbrain tegmentum and the pontine tegmentum.
UBERON:0002267
Nucleus within the brainstem that is the principal site for brain synthesis of norepinephrine.
UBERON:0002148
locus caeruleus
locus ceruleus
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004566
locus coeruleus
Nucleus within the brainstem that is the principal site for brain synthesis of norepinephrine.
Xenbase:KAB
A nucleus situated in the preoptic area that contains large neurosecretory neurons.
UBERON:2000248
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004567
magnocellular preoptic nucleus
A nucleus situated in the preoptic area that contains large neurosecretory neurons.
ISBN:0080877982
ISBN:3540560130
A nucleus comprising the medial aspect of the amygdala, involved in receiving olfactory information.
UBERON:0002892
MeA
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004568
medial amygdala
A nucleus comprising the medial aspect of the amygdala, involved in receiving olfactory information.
Wikipedia:Amygdala
Subdivision of the pallium that is located in the medial position.
UBERON:0014738
MP
xenopus_anatomy
hippocampus
XAO:0004570
medial pallium
Subdivision of the pallium that is located in the medial position.
UBERON:0014738
A set of septal nuclei comprising the medial aspect of the forebrain septum.
Sm
septum medialis
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004571
medial septum
A set of septal nuclei comprising the medial aspect of the forebrain septum.
Xenbase:KAB
Large glutaminergic nerve cell whose dendrites synapse with axons of the olfactory receptor neurons in the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb, and whose axons pass centrally in the olfactory tract to the olfactory cortex.
CL:1001502
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004573
mitral cell
Large glutaminergic nerve cell whose dendrites synapse with axons of the olfactory receptor neurons in the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb, and whose axons pass centrally in the olfactory tract to the olfactory cortex.
MP:0009954
Layer composed of pyramidal neurons whose cell bodies are located between the granule cell layer and the plexiform layer.
UBERON:0004186
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004574
mitral cell layer of the olfactory bulb
Layer composed of pyramidal neurons whose cell bodies are located between the granule cell layer and the plexiform layer.
UBERON:0004186
A region of the brain consisting of a collection of neurons located in the forebrain ventral to the caudate and putamen.
UBERON:0001882
Acc
accumbens nucleus
xenopus_anatomy
nucleus accumbens septi
XAO:0004575
nucleus accumbens
A region of the brain consisting of a collection of neurons located in the forebrain ventral to the caudate and putamen.
UBERON:0001882
A brain structure that is part of the septal nuclear complex and is connected with the hippocampus, hypothalamus, and amygdala.
UBERON:0001879
xenopus_anatomy
diagonal band
diagonal band of Broca
XAO:0004576
nucleus of the diagonal band
A brain structure that is part of the septal nuclear complex and is connected with the hippocampus, hypothalamus, and amygdala.
UBERON:0001879
Major component of the basal ganglia that is part of the telencephalon and has close functional ties with the subthalamus.
UBERON:0001875
Pa
globus pallidus
xenopus_anatomy
paleostriatum
pallidal nuclei
XAO:0004578
pallidum
Major component of the basal ganglia that is part of the telencephalon and has close functional ties with the subthalamus.
Wikipedia:Globus_pallidus
Diencephalic tract that is located in the vicinity of the dorsal diencephalon and mesencephalon and connects the pretectal nuclei.
UBERON:0000936
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004579
posterior commissure
Diencephalic tract that is located in the vicinity of the dorsal diencephalon and mesencephalon and connects the pretectal nuclei.
ZFA:0000320
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Region of spinal cord white matter that is dorsal and medial to the dorsal root.
UBERON:0002258
xenopus_anatomy
posterior funiculus
XAO:0004580
dorsal funiculus
Region of spinal cord white matter that is dorsal and medial to the dorsal root.
Xenbase:KAB
Nucleus located posterodorsally in the midbrain tegmentum.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004581
posterodorsal tegmental nucleus
Nucleus located posterodorsally in the midbrain tegmentum.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Nucleus located posteroventrally in the midbrain tegmentum.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004582
posteroventral tegmental nucleus
Nucleus located posteroventrally in the midbrain tegmentum.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Area of the forebrain anterior to the posterior tuberculum and the hypothalamus and ventral to the ventral thalamus.
UBERON:0001928
PO
xenopus_anatomy
anterior preoptic area
preoptic nuclei
preoptic region
XAO:0004583
preoptic area
Area of the forebrain anterior to the posterior tuberculum and the hypothalamus and ventral to the ventral thalamus.
UBERON:0001928
A cluster of nuclei found in the brain stem, the main function of which is to release serotonin to the rest of the brain.
UBERON:0004684
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004584
raphe nucleus
A cluster of nuclei found in the brain stem, the main function of which is to release serotonin to the rest of the brain.
Wikipedia:Raphe_nuclei
Gray matter structure located on the midline of the forebrain consisting of the septum pellucidum and the septal nuclei.
septum
UBERON:0000446
septum of telencephalon
xenopus_anatomy
Se
XAO:0004585
telencephalon septum
Gray matter structure located on the midline of the forebrain consisting of the septum pellucidum and the septal nuclei.
UBERON:0000446
A compact fiber bundle that extends longitudinally through the posterolateral region of the medulla and is surrounded by the nucleus of the solitary tract, and descends to the upper cervical segments of the spinal cord.
UBERON:0002718
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004586
solitary tract
A compact fiber bundle that extends longitudinally through the posterolateral region of the medulla and is surrounded by the nucleus of the solitary tract, and descends to the upper cervical segments of the spinal cord.
UBERON:0002718
A region of the forebrain consisting of the caudate nucleus, putamen and fundus striati.
UBERON:0002435
Str
xenopus_anatomy
neostriatum
striatal nuclei
striate nucleus
XAO:0004587
striatum
A region of the forebrain consisting of the caudate nucleus, putamen and fundus striati.
UBERON:0002435
A small ependymal gland of the circumventricular system, located in the dorsocaudal region of the third ventricle.
UBERON:0002139
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004588
subcommissural organ
A small ependymal gland of the circumventricular system, located in the dorsocaudal region of the third ventricle.
Xenbase:KAB
The lens-shaped nucleus located in the ventral part of the subthalamus on the inner aspect of the internal capsule that is concerned with the integration of somatic motor function.
UBERON:0001906
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004589
subthalamic nucleus
The lens-shaped nucleus located in the ventral part of the subthalamus on the inner aspect of the internal capsule that is concerned with the integration of somatic motor function.
UBERON:0001906
Multi-tissue structure that is part of the midbrain and develops from the alar plate. It is located dorsal to the lateral tegmentum where it extends into the medial tectal ventricle and receives ascending sensory octavolateralis input.
UBERON:2000599
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004590
torus semicircularis
Multi-tissue structure that is part of the midbrain and develops from the alar plate. It is located dorsal to the lateral tegmentum where it extends into the medial tectal ventricle and receives ascending sensory octavolateralis input.
ZFA:0000599
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Cell mass in the caudal and ventral aspect of the dorsal thalamus adjoining the pineal gland.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004591
ventral habenular nucleus
Cell mass in the caudal and ventral aspect of the dorsal thalamus adjoining the pineal gland.
Xenbase:KAB
Nucleus that is located ventrally in the hypothalamus.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004592
ventral hypothalamic nucleus
Nucleus that is located ventrally in the hypothalamus.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Part of the globus pallidus consisting of the more medial of the two segments.
UBERON:0002778
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004593
ventral pallidum
Part of the globus pallidus consisting of the more medial of the two segments.
UBERON:0002778
The pallial region located next to the pallium-subpallium boundary.
UBERON:0014913
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004594
ventral pallium
The pallial region located next to the pallium-subpallium boundary.
UBERON:0014913
Nucleus situated in the thalamus that receives inputs from the basal nuclei and the function of which is to help coordinate and plan movement.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004595
ventrolateral thalamic nucleus
Nucleus situated in the thalamus that receives inputs from the basal nuclei and the function of which is to help coordinate and plan movement.
Wikipedia:Ventral_lateral_nucleus
Nucleus situated in the thalamus to which somatosensory input is predominantly directed.
UBERON:2000459
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004596
ventromedial thalamic nucleus
Nucleus situated in the thalamus to which somatosensory input is predominantly directed.
ISBN:3540560130
A metameric segment of the central nervous system.
UBERON:0004731
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004597
neuromere
A metameric segment of the central nervous system.
ZFA:0001328
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
A neuromere that is part of the presumptive forebrain.
UBERON:0014775
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004598
prosomere
A neuromere that is part of the presumptive forebrain.
UBERON:0014775
The 4th segment of the developing forebrain.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004599
prosomere 4
The 4th segment of the developing forebrain.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The 5th segment of the developing forebrain.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004600
prosomere 5
The 5th segment of the developing forebrain.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The 6th segment of the developing forebrain.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004601
prosomere 6
The 6th segment of the developing forebrain.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
One of the system of communicating cavities in the brain that are continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord, that are lined with an epithelial ependyma, and that contain cerebral-spinal fluid. The system comprises four ventricles, the right and left lateral ventricles (one for each hemisphere), third ventricle, and fourth ventricle.
ventricle
UBERON:0004086
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004602
brain ventricle
One of the system of communicating cavities in the brain that are continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord, that are lined with an epithelial ependyma, and that contain cerebral-spinal fluid. The system comprises four ventricles, the right and left lateral ventricles (one for each hemisphere), third ventricle, and fourth ventricle.
UBERON:0004086
Wikipedia:Ventricular_system
A protrusion at the posterior end of the hypothalamus that contains hypothalamic nuclei.
UBERON:0002206
MA
corpus mamillare
xenopus_anatomy
mammillar area
XAO:0004605
mammilary region
A protrusion at the posterior end of the hypothalamus that contains hypothalamic nuclei.
UBERON:0002206
Structure that lies rostral to the area of the tegmentum and that is a site of dopamine-containing cells.
UBERON:2000633
Tub
xenopus_anatomy
caudal tuberculum
posterior tuberculum
XAO:0004606
tuberal region
Structure that lies rostral to the area of the tegmentum and that is a site of dopamine-containing cells.
ISBN:0471733830
Either of the two brain ventricles that are bilateral (left and right, one for each hemisphere).
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004607
lateral ventricle
Either of the two brain ventricles that are bilateral (left and right, one for each hemisphere).
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Brain ventricle formed by a median cleft in the diencephalon between the two thalami.
UBERON:0002286
3rd ventricle
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004608
third ventricle
Brain ventricle formed by a median cleft in the diencephalon between the two thalami.
Wikipedia:Third_ventricle
A spatially aggregated collection of nerve cell bodies in the CNS, consisting of one or more subpopulations that share cell type, chemical phenotype, and connections, and including nearby cells that share the same cell type, chemical phenotype, and connections.
nucleus
UBERON:0000125
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004609
neural nucleus
A spatially aggregated collection of nerve cell bodies in the CNS, consisting of one or more subpopulations that share cell type, chemical phenotype, and connections, and including nearby cells that share the same cell type, chemical phenotype, and connections.
UBERON:0000125
The lateral ventricle that is located in the left hemisphere of the brain.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004610
left ventricle
The lateral ventricle that is located in the left hemisphere of the brain.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The lateral ventricle that is located in the right hemisphere of the brain.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004611
right ventricle
The lateral ventricle that is located in the right hemisphere of the brain.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Type of epithelial cell that secretes a macromolecule or ion product. In many epithelia, occasional specialized secretory cells are scattered among other, non-secretory cells.
xenopus_anatomy
scattered secretory epithelial cell
XAO:0004612
secretory epithelial cell
Type of epithelial cell that secretes a macromolecule or ion product. In many epithelia, occasional specialized secretory cells are scattered among other, non-secretory cells.
ISBN:0323036635
Epidermal cell that lacks cilia.
xenopus_anatomy
non-ciliated epidermal cells
XAO:0004613
non-cililated epidermal cell
Epidermal cell that lacks cilia.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
non-ciliated epidermal cells
The bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of cilia and is responsible for their movements.
GO:0005930
axoneme
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004614
ciliary axoneme
The bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of cilia and is responsible for their movements.
GO:0005930
A membrane-tethered, short cylindrical array of microtubules and associated proteins found at the base of a cilium that is similar in structure to a centriole and derives from it. The cilium basal body is the site of assembly and remodelling of the cilium and serves as a nucleation site for axoneme growth.
GO:0005932
xenopus_anatomy
ciliary basal body
XAO:0004615
basal body
A membrane-tethered, short cylindrical array of microtubules and associated proteins found at the base of a cilium that is similar in structure to a centriole and derives from it. The cilium basal body is the site of assembly and remodelling of the cilium and serves as a nucleation site for axoneme growth.
GO:0005932
The ventrolateral regions of the neural tube, above to the floor plate region and encompassing structurally distinct interneurons (in lateral positions) and the more ventral motor neurons.
ventricular zone
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004616
ventrolateral neural tube
The ventrolateral regions of the neural tube, above to the floor plate region and encompassing structurally distinct interneurons (in lateral positions) and the more ventral motor neurons.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-4588
The dorsolateral regions of the neural tube, ventral to the roof plate region and encompassing structurally distinct sensory neurons (more dorsally) and interneurons (in lateral positions).
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004617
dorsolateral neural tube
The dorsolateral regions of the neural tube, ventral to the roof plate region and encompassing structurally distinct sensory neurons (more dorsally) and interneurons (in lateral positions).
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-4588
The region of presomitic mesoderm that lays immediately adjacent and posterior to the last formed somite.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004618
rostral presomitic mesoderm
The region of presomitic mesoderm that lays immediately adjacent and posterior to the last formed somite.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-4588
The most posterior region of presomitic mesoderm where somitomeres have yet to be fated.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004619
caudal presomitic mesoderm
The most posterior region of presomitic mesoderm where somitomeres have yet to be fated.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-4588
Cranial placode with neurogenic potential.
UBERON:0009955
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004620
neurogenic placode
Cranial placode with neurogenic potential.
UBERON:0009955
An epithelial cell that is part of the epidermis.
CL:1000396
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004621
epidermal cell
An epithelial cell that is part of the epidermis.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Compartment of tail somite 18 that is a precursor of muscle.
myotome of trunk somite 18
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004622
myotome of tail somite 18
Compartment of tail somite 18 that is a precursor of muscle.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Compartment of tail somite 18 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
sclerotome of somite 18
sclerotome of trunk somite 18
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004623
sclerotome of tail somite 18
Compartment of tail somite 18 that is a precursor of the axial skeleton.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Blood vessel that is part of the fin.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004624
fin vasculature
Blood vessel that is part of the fin.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Blood vessel that is part of the dorsal fin.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004625
dorsal fin vasculature
Blood vessel that is part of the dorsal fin.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Blood vessel that is part of the ventral fin.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004626
ventral fin vasculature
Blood vessel that is part of the ventral fin.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Blood vessel that is part of the ventral blood island.
vbib
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004627
ventral blood island border
Blood vessel that is part of the ventral blood island.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The erythroid-forming compartment of the ventral blood island.
pvbi
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0004628
posterior ventral blood island
The erythroid-forming compartment of the ventral blood island.
PMID:18594023
A tissue whose predominant feature is extracellular matrix that may or may not be highly hydrated or calcified.
eriksegerdell
2015-04-15T18:09:42Z
UBERON:0007475
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005000
matrix-based tissue
A tissue whose predominant feature is extracellular matrix that may or may not be highly hydrated or calcified.
UBERON:0007475
Mineralized bone tissue that has terminally differentiated osteoblasts but lacks osteocytes.
eriksegerdell
2015-04-20T17:49:35Z
UBERON:4000122
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005001
acellular bone tissue
Mineralized bone tissue that has terminally differentiated osteoblasts but lacks osteocytes.
UBERON:4000122
An anatomical structure that has more than one cell as a part.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-12T17:50:30Z
CARO:0010000
UBERON:0010000
multicellular structure
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005002
multicellular anatomical structure
An anatomical structure that has more than one cell as a part.
CARO:0010000
Epithelium that covers the small and large intestine in the larval frog.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-14T17:36:26Z
larval gut epithelium
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005003
larval intestinal epithelium
Epithelium that covers the small and large intestine in the larval frog.
Wikipedia:Intestinal_epithelium
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Epithelium that covers the small and large intestine in the adult frog.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-14T17:38:16Z
adult gut epithelium
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005004
adult intestinal epithelium
Epithelium that covers the small and large intestine in the adult frog.
Wikipedia:Intestinal_epithelium
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Spatial concept pertaining to being located on or directed toward the side of the body to the west when facing north.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-14T17:39:42Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005005
left
Spatial concept pertaining to being located on or directed toward the side of the body to the west when facing north.
NCIt:Left
Spatial concept pertaining to being located on or directed toward the side of the body to the east when facing north.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-14T17:41:09Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005006
right
Spatial concept pertaining to being located on or directed toward the side of the body to the east when facing north.
NCIt:Right
Astrocyte-like radial glial cell that extends vertically throughout the retina, with the nucleus usually in the middle of the inner nuclear layer.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-14T17:43:09Z
CL:0000636
Muller cell
Müller cell
xenopus_anatomy
Müller glia
XAO:0005007
Mueller cell
Astrocyte-like radial glial cell that extends vertically throughout the retina, with the nucleus usually in the middle of the inner nuclear layer.
CL:0000636
Müller glia
Specialized protrusion of a cell composed of microtubules and serving a role in intercellular signaling.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-14T17:45:51Z
GO:0005929
xenopus_anatomy
cilia
XAO:0005008
cilium
Specialized protrusion of a cell composed of microtubules and serving a role in intercellular signaling.
Xenbase:KAB
cilia
Array of microtubules and associated molecules that forms between opposite poles of a cell during mitosis or meiosis and serves to move the duplicated chromosomes apart.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-14T17:48:54Z
GO:0005819
spindle
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005009
mitotic spindle
Array of microtubules and associated molecules that forms between opposite poles of a cell during mitosis or meiosis and serves to move the duplicated chromosomes apart.
GO:0005819
Migrating motile tip of a growing nerve cell axon or dendrite.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-14T17:50:17Z
GO:0030426
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005010
growth cone
Migrating motile tip of a growing nerve cell axon or dendrite.
GO:0030426
A cellular organelle, found close to the nucleus in many cells, consisting of a small cylinder with microtubular walls, 300-500 nm long and 150-250 nm in diameter. It contains nine short, parallel, peripheral microtubular fibrils, each fibril consisting of one complete microtubule fused to two incomplete microtubules. Cells usually have two centrioles, lying at right angles to each other. At division, each pair of centrioles generates another pair and the twin pairs form the pole of the mitotic spindle.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-14T17:51:38Z
GO:0005814
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005011
centriole
A cellular organelle, found close to the nucleus in many cells, consisting of a small cylinder with microtubular walls, 300-500 nm long and 150-250 nm in diameter. It contains nine short, parallel, peripheral microtubular fibrils, each fibril consisting of one complete microtubule fused to two incomplete microtubules. Cells usually have two centrioles, lying at right angles to each other. At division, each pair of centrioles generates another pair and the twin pairs form the pole of the mitotic spindle.
GO:0005814
A multisubunit complex that is located at the centromeric region of DNA and provides an attachment point for the spindle microtubules.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-14T17:53:24Z
GO:0000776
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005012
kinetochore
A multisubunit complex that is located at the centromeric region of DNA and provides an attachment point for the spindle microtubules.
GO:0000776
The region of a chromosome that is attached to the spindle during nuclear division. It is defined genetically as the region of the chromosome that always segregates at the first division of meiosis; the region of the chromosome in which no crossing over occurs. At the start of M phase, each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids with a constriction at a point which forms the centromere. During late prophase two kinetochores assemble on each centromere, one kinetochore on each sister chromatid.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-14T17:55:01Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005013
centromere
The region of a chromosome that is attached to the spindle during nuclear division. It is defined genetically as the region of the chromosome that always segregates at the first division of meiosis; the region of the chromosome in which no crossing over occurs. At the start of M phase, each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids with a constriction at a point which forms the centromere. During late prophase two kinetochores assemble on each centromere, one kinetochore on each sister chromatid.
ISBN:0198506732
A structure comprising a core structure and peripheral material from which a microtubule-based structure, such as a spindle apparatus, is organized. Centrosomes occur close to the nucleus during interphase in many cells, though it changes continually during the cell-division cycle.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-14T17:56:06Z
GO:0005813
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005014
centrosome
A structure comprising a core structure and peripheral material from which a microtubule-based structure, such as a spindle apparatus, is organized. Centrosomes occur close to the nucleus during interphase in many cells, though it changes continually during the cell-division cycle.
GO:0005813
The long process of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses, usually away from the cell body to the terminals and varicosities, which are sites of storage and release of neurotransmitter.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-14T19:09:57Z
GO:0030424
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005015
axon
The long process of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses, usually away from the cell body to the terminals and varicosities, which are sites of storage and release of neurotransmitter.
GO:0030424
A neuron projection that has a short, tapering, often branched, morphology, receives and integrates signals from other neurons or from sensory stimuli, and conducts a nerve impulse towards the axon or the cell body. In most neurons, the impulse is conveyed from dendrites to axon via the cell body, but in some types of unipolar neuron, the impulse does not travel via the cell body.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-14T19:12:27Z
GO:0030425
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005016
dendrite
A neuron projection that has a short, tapering, often branched, morphology, receives and integrates signals from other neurons or from sensory stimuli, and conducts a nerve impulse towards the axon or the cell body. In most neurons, the impulse is conveyed from dendrites to axon via the cell body, but in some types of unipolar neuron, the impulse does not travel via the cell body.
GO:0030425
A cell that has a filiform extrusion of the cell surface.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-14T19:18:22Z
CL:0000064
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005017
ciliated cell
A cell that has a filiform extrusion of the cell surface.
CL:0000064
A neuron of the spinal cord.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-16T14:08:54Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005018
spinal neuron
A neuron of the spinal cord.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The embryonic right and left aortas that develop in parallel with the heart and gain access to it via the aortic arches. Later the paired dorsal aortic anlagen unite and finally form the unpaired descending aorta of the adult.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-16T14:25:29Z
left dorsal aorta
right dorsal aorta
xenopus_anatomy
paired dorsal aortae
XAO:0005019
paired dorsal aorta
The embryonic right and left aortas that develop in parallel with the heart and gain access to it via the aortic arches. Later the paired dorsal aortic anlagen unite and finally form the unpaired descending aorta of the adult.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
paired dorsal aortae
A connective tissue cell of any organ.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-16T14:43:13Z
CL:0000499
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005020
stromal cell
A connective tissue cell of any organ.
Wikipedia:Stromal_cell
A cell that is located in the interstitial space between the seminiferous tubules and produces male androgens.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-16T14:57:42Z
interstitial cell
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005021
interstitial cell of Leydig
A cell that is located in the interstitial space between the seminiferous tubules and produces male androgens.
ISBN:9781461348764
A type of cell comprising the main structural component of the liver.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-16T15:02:39Z
CL:0000182
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005022
hepatocyte
A type of cell comprising the main structural component of the liver.
CL:0000182
A surface structure principally responsible for the production of noxious or toxic secretion with an effect on numerous species of vertebrates. The glands are almost uniformly distributed, on both ventral and dorsal skin.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-16T15:11:53Z
poison gland
UBERON:3010602
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005023
granular gland
A surface structure principally responsible for the production of noxious or toxic secretion with an effect on numerous species of vertebrates. The glands are almost uniformly distributed, on both ventral and dorsal skin.
DOI:10.1016/0300-9629(95)98515-I
A sensory epithelium inside the nasal cavity that is responsible for detecting odors.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-16T15:26:20Z
UBERON:0001997
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005024
olfactory epithelium
A sensory epithelium inside the nasal cavity that is responsible for detecting odors.
UBERON:0001997
A mononuclear phagocyte present in a variety of tissues, typically differentiated from monocytes, capable of phagocytosing a variety of extracellular particulate material, including immune complexes, microorganisms, and dead cells.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-16T15:34:19Z
CL:0000235
histiocyte
xenopus_anatomy
M-phi
XAO:0005025
macrophage
A mononuclear phagocyte present in a variety of tissues, typically differentiated from monocytes, capable of phagocytosing a variety of extracellular particulate material, including immune complexes, microorganisms, and dead cells.
CL:0000235
Embryonic structure that gives rise to a rhombomere.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-18T17:38:18Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005026
presumptive rhombomere
Embryonic structure that gives rise to a rhombomere.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The part of the brain that is the morphological boundary between the forebrain and midbrain.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-18T17:39:40Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005027
forebrain-midbrain boundary
The part of the brain that is the morphological boundary between the forebrain and midbrain.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Layer of the optic tectum that contains radial glial and other non-neuronal cells.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-18T17:40:54Z
ventricular layer
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005028
ventricular layer of the optic tectum
Layer of the optic tectum that contains radial glial and other non-neuronal cells.
PMID:23531884
Layer of the optic tectum that mainly consists of ascending sensory axons and tectal dendrites.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-18T17:42:02Z
neuropil
UBERON:0002606
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005029
neuropil of the optic tectum
Layer of the optic tectum that mainly consists of ascending sensory axons and tectal dendrites.
PMID:23531884
Layer of the optic tectum that consists of tectal somata.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-18T17:43:13Z
cell body layer
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005030
cell body layer of the optic tectum
Layer of the optic tectum that consists of tectal somata.
PMID:23531884
A cell present in the developing central nervous system. It functions as both a precursor cell and as a scaffold to support neuronal migration. Some have a multipotent ability, as they can differentiate into neurons and radial glial cells by asymmetric divisions during the period of embryonic neurogenesis. They occur mainly in the ventricular layer of the tectum and decrease in number as the brain matures.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-18T17:46:16Z
CL:0000681
RG
xenopus_anatomy
radial glia
XAO:0005031
radial glial cell
A cell present in the developing central nervous system. It functions as both a precursor cell and as a scaffold to support neuronal migration. Some have a multipotent ability, as they can differentiate into neurons and radial glial cells by asymmetric divisions during the period of embryonic neurogenesis. They occur mainly in the ventricular layer of the tectum and decrease in number as the brain matures.
CL:0000681
Xenbase:Staff
radial glia
A cell that, in the early stages of the brain, are generated from the ectoderm-derived neural epithelium and commit to differentiate into either neurons or radial glial cells. It is well known that radial glial cells have distinctive morphological characteristics and can act as neural progenitor cells (NPCs) or neural stem cells (NSCs), in addition to guiding the migration of differentiating neurons in the central nervous system.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-18T17:55:47Z
CL:0000047
NSC
neuronal stem cell
xenopus_anatomy
neural stem cells
XAO:0005032
neural stem cell
A cell that, in the early stages of the brain, are generated from the ectoderm-derived neural epithelium and commit to differentiate into either neurons or radial glial cells. It is well known that radial glial cells have distinctive morphological characteristics and can act as neural progenitor cells (NPCs) or neural stem cells (NSCs), in addition to guiding the migration of differentiating neurons in the central nervous system.
Xenbase:Staff
neural stem cells
A cell that, like a stem cell, has a tendency to differentiate into a specific type of cell, but is already more specific than a stem cell and is pushed to differentiate into its target cell.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-18T18:02:10Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005033
progenitor cell
A cell that, like a stem cell, has a tendency to differentiate into a specific type of cell, but is already more specific than a stem cell and is pushed to differentiate into its target cell.
Wikipedia:Progenitor_cell
A progenitor cell of the nervous system.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-18T18:03:47Z
NPC
neuronal progenitor cell
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005034
neural progenitor cell
A progenitor cell of the nervous system.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Any of a pair of large, easily identifiable, reticulospinal neurons at the level of the ear in the hindbrain. Importantly, they enable the escape reflex. Inner ear vestibular and auditory neurons form synapses on the lateral dendrite of the ipsilateral Mauthner cell, which in turn form synapses on contralateral spinal motor neurons to activate the C-start escape response.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-18T18:07:10Z
CL:0000246
Mauthner neuron
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005035
Mauthner cell
Any of a pair of large, easily identifiable, reticulospinal neurons at the level of the ear in the hindbrain. Importantly, they enable the escape reflex. Inner ear vestibular and auditory neurons form synapses on the lateral dendrite of the ipsilateral Mauthner cell, which in turn form synapses on contralateral spinal motor neurons to activate the C-start escape response.
Xenbase:Staff
A calcified dermal layer that is found between the stratum spongiosum and the stratum compactum of the skin.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-18T18:11:23Z
calcified dermal layer
EK layer
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005036
Eberth-Kastschenko layer
A calcified dermal layer that is found between the stratum spongiosum and the stratum compactum of the skin.
PMID:23480373
Any of the hematopoietic stem cell derived phagocytic cells that are first observed in the ventral blood island at NF stages 17-18 and at stage 20 begin to migrate over the whole embryo between the epidermis and the mesoderm, completing their migration by stage 25.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-18T18:14:55Z
embryonic macrophage
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005037
migrating macrophage
Any of the hematopoietic stem cell derived phagocytic cells that are first observed in the ventral blood island at NF stages 17-18 and at stage 20 begin to migrate over the whole embryo between the epidermis and the mesoderm, completing their migration by stage 25.
PMID:12204257
PMID:15305302
PMID:18684398
A membrane-bounded organelle of in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, it contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-18T18:18:55Z
GO:0005634
cell nucleus
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005038
nucleus
A membrane-bounded organelle of in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, it contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
GO:0005634
All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-18T18:25:53Z
GO:0005737
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005039
cytoplasm
All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
GO:0005737
The anterior (superior) of the two vertically oriented semicircular canals, which are situated at right angles to each other.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-19T21:03:02Z
UBERON:0001841
superior semicircular canal
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005040
anterior semicircular canal
The anterior (superior) of the two vertically oriented semicircular canals, which are situated at right angles to each other.
Wikipedia:Semicircular_canal
The laterally, or horizontally, oriented of the three semicircular canals.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-19T21:03:23Z
UBERON:0001843
horizontal semicircular canal
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005041
lateral semicircular canal
The laterally, or horizontally, oriented of the three semicircular canals.
Wikipedia:Semicircular_canal
The posterior of the two vertically oriented semicircular canals, which are situated at right angles to each other.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-19T21:03:33Z
UBERON:0001842
inferior semicircular canal
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005042
posterior semicircular canal
The posterior of the two vertically oriented semicircular canals, which are situated at right angles to each other.
Wikipedia:Semicircular_canal
An elongated, spindle-shaped cell that is located between the basal lamina and the plasmalemma of a muscle fiber. These cells are mostly quiescent, but upon activation they divide to produce cells that generate new muscle fibers.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-19T21:14:01Z
satellite cell
CL:0000594
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005043
skeletal muscle satellite cell
An elongated, spindle-shaped cell that is located between the basal lamina and the plasmalemma of a muscle fiber. These cells are mostly quiescent, but upon activation they divide to produce cells that generate new muscle fibers.
CL:0000594
A glial cell that ensheaths axons of neurons in the peripheral nervous system and is necessary for their maintainance and function. Multiple Schwann cells wrap each axon.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-19T21:17:00Z
CL:0002573
neurilemmal cell
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005044
Schwann cell
A glial cell that ensheaths axons of neurons in the peripheral nervous system and is necessary for their maintainance and function. Multiple Schwann cells wrap each axon.
CL:0002573
Xenbase:Staff
Dorsal endoderm that is adjacent to the notochord.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-19T21:19:33Z
dorsal crest
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005045
dorsal crest of the endoderm
Dorsal endoderm that is adjacent to the notochord.
PMID:14745962
The caudal zone of the tuberal region of the hypothalamus.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-20T18:39:56Z
CT
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005046
caudal tuberal region
The caudal zone of the tuberal region of the hypothalamus.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The rostral zone of the tuberal region of the hypothalamus.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-20T18:40:59Z
RT
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005047
rostral tuberal region
The rostral zone of the tuberal region of the hypothalamus.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
A series of nuclei forming a column of grey matter embedded in the medulla, through the center of which runs the solitary tract. The solitary tract and nucleus are structures that carry and receive visceral sensation and taste from the facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX) and vagus (X) cranial nerves.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-20T18:42:06Z
UBERON:0009050
Nsol
nucleus of solitary tract
solitary nucleus
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005048
nucleus of the solitary tract
A series of nuclei forming a column of grey matter embedded in the medulla, through the center of which runs the solitary tract. The solitary tract and nucleus are structures that carry and receive visceral sensation and taste from the facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX) and vagus (X) cranial nerves.
Wikipedia:Solitary_nucleus
The ventral half of the developing neural tube that is the prethalamus.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-20T18:45:52Z
basal plate of prosomere 3
p3b
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005049
prethalamus basal plate
The ventral half of the developing neural tube that is the prethalamus.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Cell area that receives signals from the solitary nucleus and transmits signals to the medulla oblongata, spinal cord, amygdala, and hypothalamus.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-20T19:01:25Z
UBERON:0007634
PB
parabrachial nucleus
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005050
parabrachial area
Cell area that receives signals from the solitary nucleus and transmits signals to the medulla oblongata, spinal cord, amygdala, and hypothalamus.
ISBN:9783642621277
Wikipedia:Parabrachial_area
Hypothalamic region that with the mammillary nuclei forms the mammillary complex.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-20T19:04:47Z
RM
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005051
retromammillary area
Hypothalamic region that with the mammillary nuclei forms the mammillary complex.
PMID:18597750
Medial nucleus of the reticular nucleus of the brain stem.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-20T19:07:47Z
Rm
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005052
nucleus reticularis medialis
Medial nucleus of the reticular nucleus of the brain stem.
ISBN:9783642621277
Superior nucleus of the reticular nucleus of the brain stem.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-20T19:07:51Z
Rs
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005053
nucleus reticularis superior
Superior nucleus of the reticular nucleus of the brain stem.
ISBN:9783642621277
Inferior nucleus of the reticular nucleus of the brain stem.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-20T19:07:57Z
Ri
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005054
nucleus reticularis inferior
Inferior nucleus of the reticular nucleus of the brain stem.
ISBN:9783642621277
A set of septal nuclei comprising the ventral aspect of the forebrain septum.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-20T19:13:25Z
Sv
septum ventralis
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005055
ventral septum
A set of septal nuclei comprising the ventral aspect of the forebrain septum.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The dorsal region of the alar hypothalamus.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-20T19:17:57Z
SPV
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005056
supraoptoparaventricular region
The dorsal region of the alar hypothalamus.
PMID:24122702
A structure in the brain consisting of a band of fibers running along the lateral margin of the ventricular surface of the thalamus. Serving as a major output pathway of the amygdala, it runs from its centromedial division to the ventral medial nucleus of the hypothalamus.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-20T19:19:50Z
UBERON:0003029
st
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005057
stria terminalis
A structure in the brain consisting of a band of fibers running along the lateral margin of the ventricular surface of the thalamus. Serving as a major output pathway of the amygdala, it runs from its centromedial division to the ventral medial nucleus of the hypothalamus.
Wikipedia:Stria_terminalis
Dermal layer containing loose connective tissue and several types of glands.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-21T21:38:10Z
UBERON:3010599
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005058
stratum spongiosum
Dermal layer containing loose connective tissue and several types of glands.
PMID:7723046
Dermal layer composed of alternating sheets of parallel fibers.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-21T21:39:20Z
UBERON:0007377
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005059
stratum compactum
Dermal layer composed of alternating sheets of parallel fibers.
PMID:7723046
A type of smooth muscle-like pericyte that abuts and surrounds the filtration capillaries within the glomerulus.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-21T21:40:28Z
mesangial cell
mesangial-like cell
CL:1000742
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005060
glomerular mesangial cell
A type of smooth muscle-like pericyte that abuts and surrounds the filtration capillaries within the glomerulus.
PMID:9674692
An epithelial cell that is part of the glomus.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-21T21:42:24Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005061
glomerular epithelial cell
An epithelial cell that is part of the glomus.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
An embryonic progenitor cell type that comprises a population that provides the epicardium, the majority of the cardiac interstitium, the coronary vasculature, and possibly some cardiomyocytes.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-21T21:43:43Z
PE
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005062
proepicardium
An embryonic progenitor cell type that comprises a population that provides the epicardium, the majority of the cardiac interstitium, the coronary vasculature, and possibly some cardiomyocytes.
Xenbase:Staff
Part of the double coil of the small intestine, consisting of anti-clockwise loops of intestine proximal to the internal coil.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-21T21:46:18Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005063
external coil of the small intestine
Part of the double coil of the small intestine, consisting of anti-clockwise loops of intestine proximal to the internal coil.
PMID:10603354
Part of the double coil of the small intestine, consisting of clockwise loops of intestine distal to the external coil.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-21T21:47:31Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005064
internal coil of the small intestine
Part of the double coil of the small intestine, consisting of clockwise loops of intestine distal to the external coil.
PMID:10603354
Nerve that provides the connection to the nervous system for nearly the whole of the skin of the leg, the muscles of the back of the thigh, and those of the leg and foot.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-24T12:22:58Z
UBERON:0001322
ischiadic nerve
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005065
sciatic nerve
Nerve that provides the connection to the nervous system for nearly the whole of the skin of the leg, the muscles of the back of the thigh, and those of the leg and foot.
Wikipedia:Sciatic_nerve
The location where ganglion cell axons exit the eye to form the optic nerve.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-24T12:24:26Z
UBERON:0001783
optic nerve head
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005066
optic disc
The location where ganglion cell axons exit the eye to form the optic nerve.
UBERON:0001783
A longitudinal fold of the wall projecting into the cavity of the intestine.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-24T12:26:06Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005067
typhlosole
A longitudinal fold of the wall projecting into the cavity of the intestine.
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/typhlosole
An axon that is part of a motor neuron and which projects outside the spinal cord to directly or indirectly control muscles.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-24T12:26:56Z
xenopus_anatomy
motor axons
XAO:0005068
motor axon
An axon that is part of a motor neuron and which projects outside the spinal cord to directly or indirectly control muscles.
Wikipedia:Motor_neuron
motor axons
A hindlimb muscle that is used in locomotion and which contains a population of slow or tonic fibers, as well as twitch fibers.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-24T12:28:16Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005069
iliofibularis
A hindlimb muscle that is used in locomotion and which contains a population of slow or tonic fibers, as well as twitch fibers.
PMID:434137
A shallow, longitudinal groove separating the developing gray matter into a basal and alar plates along the length of the neural tube.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-24T12:29:59Z
sulcus limitans
UBERON:0005478
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005070
sulcus limitans of neural tube
A shallow, longitudinal groove separating the developing gray matter into a basal and alar plates along the length of the neural tube.
Wikipedia:Sulcus_limitans_(neural_tube)
A gland that is part of the skin.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-24T12:36:00Z
UBERON:0002419
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005071
skin gland
A gland that is part of the skin.
UBERON:0002419
A mucous gland that is part of the skin.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-24T12:39:09Z
mucous gland
UBERON:0004790
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005072
skin mucous gland
A mucous gland that is part of the skin.
UBERON:0004790
A gland in which the principal secretory cells are mucus secreting cells.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-24T12:44:20Z
UBERON:0000414
mucus gland
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005073
mucous gland
A gland in which the principal secretory cells are mucus secreting cells.
UBERON:0000414
A gland of the skin in which some secretory cells are serous and some mucous.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-24T12:48:54Z
seromucous gland
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005074
skin seromucous gland
A gland of the skin in which some secretory cells are serous and some mucous.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Any of the branched tubuloalveolar glands situated in the mucous membrane of the olfactory region of the nasal cavity that produce mucus to moisten the olfactory epithelium and dissolve odor-containing gases.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-24T12:53:34Z
UBERON:0002232
olfactory gland
olfactory gland of Bowman
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005075
Bowman's gland
Any of the branched tubuloalveolar glands situated in the mucous membrane of the olfactory region of the nasal cavity that produce mucus to moisten the olfactory epithelium and dissolve odor-containing gases.
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/olfactory+gland
A defined region within the ventral telencephalon that gives rise to GABAergic and cholinergic cortical interneurons and is also a source of early-born oligodendrocytes in the telencephalon.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-24T12:57:36Z
AEP
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005076
anterior entopeduncular region
A defined region within the ventral telencephalon that gives rise to GABAergic and cholinergic cortical interneurons and is also a source of early-born oligodendrocytes in the telencephalon.
http://discovery.lifemapsc.com/in-vivo-development/neural-tube/anterior-entopeduncular-area
Multinucleate cell formed by later myoblasts that cling by pseudopodia pushed into the surfaces of existing myotubes, and that instead of fusing with the myotube fuse with each other.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-24T13:08:46Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005077
secondary myofiber
Multinucleate cell formed by later myoblasts that cling by pseudopodia pushed into the surfaces of existing myotubes, and that instead of fusing with the myotube fuse with each other.
ISBN:9780123847317
Muscle-forming part of each myotome that splits from the ventrolateral edge and gives rise to the epaxial musculature.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-24T13:15:22Z
dorsomedial edge
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005078
dorsomedial edge of myotome
Muscle-forming part of each myotome that splits from the ventrolateral edge and gives rise to the epaxial musculature.
ISBN:9780470654538
Muscle-forming part of each myotome that splits from the dorsomedial edge and gives rise to the hypaxial musculature.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-24T13:21:29Z
ventrolateral edge
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005079
ventrolateral edge of myotome
Muscle-forming part of each myotome that splits from the dorsomedial edge and gives rise to the hypaxial musculature.
ISBN:9780470654538
The bilaminar epithelium formed from the myotome and dermatome.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-24T13:29:14Z
UBERON:0004290
dermamyotome
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005080
dermomyotome
The bilaminar epithelium formed from the myotome and dermatome.
UBERON:0004290
A gelatinous layer that surrounds the oocyte and releases chemoattractants that activate and guide sperm to the oocyte.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-24T13:34:37Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005081
egg jelly
A gelatinous layer that surrounds the oocyte and releases chemoattractants that activate and guide sperm to the oocyte.
Wikipedia:Egg_jelly
A special form of chromosome found in growing oocytes, transforming into the lampbrush form because of an active transcription of many genes, and organized into a series of chromomeres with large chromatin loops extended laterally.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-24T13:38:12Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005082
lampbrush chromosome
A special form of chromosome found in growing oocytes, transforming into the lampbrush form because of an active transcription of many genes, and organized into a series of chromomeres with large chromatin loops extended laterally.
Wikipedia:Lampbrush_chromosome
A cell-free extract obtained from oocytes.
eriksegerdell
2015-05-24T13:44:37Z
xenopus_anatomy_in_vitro
XAO:0005083
egg cell-free extract
A cell-free extract obtained from oocytes.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Blastomere which lies adjacent to the prospective dorsal midline of the animal hemisphere at the eight-cell stage.
eriksegerdell
2016-08-16T20:28:11Z
xenopus_anatomy
D1
XAO:0005084
blastomere D1
Blastomere which lies adjacent to the prospective dorsal midline of the animal hemisphere at the eight-cell stage.
PMID:3596014
Blastomere which lies adjacent to the prospective dorsal midline of the vegetal hemisphere at the eight-cell stage.
eriksegerdell
2016-08-16T20:28:11Z
xenopus_anatomy
D2
XAO:0005085
blastomere D2
Blastomere which lies adjacent to the prospective dorsal midline of the vegetal hemisphere at the eight-cell stage.
PMID:3596014
Blastomere which lies adjacent to the prospective ventral midline of the animal hemisphere at the eight-cell stage.
eriksegerdell
2016-08-16T20:28:11Z
xenopus_anatomy
V1
XAO:0005086
blastomere V1
Blastomere which lies adjacent to the prospective ventral midline of the animal hemisphere at the eight-cell stage.
PMID:3596014
Blastomere which lies adjacent to the prospective ventral midline of the vegetal hemisphere at the eight-cell stage.
eriksegerdell
2016-08-16T20:28:11Z
xenopus_anatomy
V2
XAO:0005087
blastomere V2
Blastomere which lies adjacent to the prospective ventral midline of the vegetal hemisphere at the eight-cell stage.
PMID:3596014
Blastomere which lies adjacent to the prospective dorsal midline of the animal hemisphere at the 16-cell stage.
eriksegerdell
2016-08-16T20:28:11Z
xenopus_anatomy
D1.1
XAO:0005088
blastomere D1.1
Blastomere which lies adjacent to the prospective dorsal midline of the animal hemisphere at the 16-cell stage.
PMID:3596014
Blastomere which lies in the animal hemisphere lateral to blastomere D1.1 at the 16-cell stage.
eriksegerdell
2016-08-16T20:28:11Z
xenopus_anatomy
D1.2
XAO:0005089
blastomere D1.2
Blastomere which lies in the animal hemisphere lateral to blastomere D1.1 at the 16-cell stage.
PMID:3596014
Blastomere which lies adjacent to the prospective dorsal midline of the vegetal hemisphere at the 16-cell stage.
eriksegerdell
2016-08-16T20:28:11Z
xenopus_anatomy
D2.1
XAO:0005090
blastomere D2.1
Blastomere which lies adjacent to the prospective dorsal midline of the vegetal hemisphere at the 16-cell stage.
PMID:3596014
Blastomere which lies in the vegetal hemisphere lateral to blastomere D2.1 at the 16-cell stage.
eriksegerdell
2016-08-16T20:28:11Z
xenopus_anatomy
D2.2
XAO:0005091
blastomere D2.2
Blastomere which lies in the vegetal hemisphere lateral to blastomere D2.1 at the 16-cell stage.
PMID:3596014
Blastomere which lies adjacent to the prospective ventral midline of the animal hemisphere at the 16-cell stage.
eriksegerdell
2016-08-16T20:28:11Z
xenopus_anatomy
V1.1
XAO:0005092
blastomere V1.1
Blastomere which lies adjacent to the prospective ventral midline of the animal hemisphere at the 16-cell stage.
PMID:3596014
Blastomere which lies in the animal hemisphere lateral to V1.1 at the 16-cell stage.
eriksegerdell
2016-08-16T20:28:11Z
xenopus_anatomy
V1.2
XAO:0005093
blastomere V1.2
Blastomere which lies in the animal hemisphere lateral to V1.1 at the 16-cell stage.
PMID:3596014
Blastomere which lies adjacent to the prospective ventral midline of the vegetal hemisphere at the 16-cell stage.
eriksegerdell
2016-08-16T20:28:11Z
xenopus_anatomy
V2.1
XAO:0005094
blastomere V2.1
Blastomere which lies adjacent to the prospective ventral midline of the vegetal hemisphere at the 16-cell stage.
PMID:3596014
Blastomere which lies in the vegetal hemisphere lateral to V2.1 at the 16-cell stage.
eriksegerdell
2016-08-16T20:28:11Z
xenopus_anatomy
V2.2
XAO:0005095
blastomere V2.2
Blastomere which lies in the vegetal hemisphere lateral to V2.1 at the 16-cell stage.
PMID:3596014
Blastomere which lies adjacent to the prospective dorsal midline in the first tier of blastomeres. It contributes to a variety of tissues and organs, including the cement gland, brain, retina, lens, cranial ganglia, otic vesicle, neural crest, spinal cord, somites, liver, gut and pharynx.
eriksegerdell
2016-08-16T20:28:11Z
xenopus_anatomy
A1
D1.1.1
XAO:0005096
blastomere D1.1.1
Blastomere which lies adjacent to the prospective dorsal midline in the first tier of blastomeres. It contributes to a variety of tissues and organs, including the cement gland, brain, retina, lens, cranial ganglia, otic vesicle, neural crest, spinal cord, somites, liver, gut and pharynx.
PMID:3596014
Blastomere which lies adjacent to the prospective dorsal midline, posterior to its sister cell, blastomere D1.1.1, in the second tier of blastomeres. It contributes cells to a variety of tissues and organs, including the stomodeum, retina, epidermis, lens, cranial ganglia, epibranchial placodes, neural crest, brain, spinal cord, gut, liver, pharynx, somites, and archenteron roof.
eriksegerdell
2016-08-16T20:28:11Z
xenopus_anatomy
B1
D1.1.2
XAO:0005097
blastomere D1.1.2
Blastomere which lies adjacent to the prospective dorsal midline, posterior to its sister cell, blastomere D1.1.1, in the second tier of blastomeres. It contributes cells to a variety of tissues and organs, including the stomodeum, retina, epidermis, lens, cranial ganglia, epibranchial placodes, neural crest, brain, spinal cord, gut, liver, pharynx, somites, and archenteron roof.
PMID:3596014
Blastomere which lies lateral to blastomere D1.1.1 and is in the first tier of blastomeres. It contributes to a variety of tissues and organs, including the cement gland, head epidermis, olfactory epithelium, lens, cranial ganglia, otic vesicle, epidermis, tail fin, neural crest, retina, hindbrain, spinal cord, pharyngeal arches, caudal notochord and hindgut.
eriksegerdell
2016-08-16T20:28:11Z
xenopus_anatomy
A2
D1.2.1
XAO:0005098
blastomere D1.2.1
Blastomere which lies lateral to blastomere D1.1.1 and is in the first tier of blastomeres. It contributes to a variety of tissues and organs, including the cement gland, head epidermis, olfactory epithelium, lens, cranial ganglia, otic vesicle, epidermis, tail fin, neural crest, retina, hindbrain, spinal cord, pharyngeal arches, caudal notochord and hindgut.
PMID:3596014
Blastomere which lies lateral to blastomere D1.1.2, posterior to its sister cell, blastomere D1.2.1, in the second tier of blastomeres. It contributes to a variety of tissues and organs including fin, epidermis, cement gland, olfactory epithelium, neural crest, lens, cranial ganglia, retina, brain, notochord, somites, pronephric kidney, lateral plate mesoderm, pharynx, foregut, hindgut and archenteron roof.
eriksegerdell
2016-08-16T20:28:11Z
xenopus_anatomy
B2
D1.2.2
XAO:0005099
blastomere D1.2.2
Blastomere which lies lateral to blastomere D1.1.2, posterior to its sister cell, blastomere D1.2.1, in the second tier of blastomeres. It contributes to a variety of tissues and organs including fin, epidermis, cement gland, olfactory epithelium, neural crest, lens, cranial ganglia, retina, brain, notochord, somites, pronephric kidney, lateral plate mesoderm, pharynx, foregut, hindgut and archenteron roof.
PMID:3596014
Blastomere which lies adjacent to the prospective dorsal midline in the fourth tier of blastomeres. It contributes largely to endodermal and mesodermal structures including the branchial and lateral plate mesoderm, foregut, liver, hindgut, some of the trunk, and a small number of cells contributing to neural crest of ectodermal origin.
eriksegerdell
2016-08-16T20:28:11Z
xenopus_anatomy
D1
D2.1.1
XAO:0005100
blastomere D2.1.1
Blastomere which lies adjacent to the prospective dorsal midline in the fourth tier of blastomeres. It contributes largely to endodermal and mesodermal structures including the branchial and lateral plate mesoderm, foregut, liver, hindgut, some of the trunk, and a small number of cells contributing to neural crest of ectodermal origin.
PMID:3596014
Blastomere which lies adjacent to the prospective dorsal midline, anterior to its sister cell, blastomere D2.1.1, in the third tier of blastomeres. It contributes to mostly endodermal and mesodermal structures including the heart, head mesenchyme, notochord, somites, lateral plate mesoderm, foregut, hindgut, and a few cells of ectodermal origin (in cranial ganglia and neural crest).
eriksegerdell
2016-08-16T20:28:11Z
xenopus_anatomy
C1
D2.1.2
XAO:0005101
blastomere D2.1.2
Blastomere which lies adjacent to the prospective dorsal midline, anterior to its sister cell, blastomere D2.1.1, in the third tier of blastomeres. It contributes to mostly endodermal and mesodermal structures including the heart, head mesenchyme, notochord, somites, lateral plate mesoderm, foregut, hindgut, and a few cells of ectodermal origin (in cranial ganglia and neural crest).
PMID:3596014
Blastomere which lies lateral to blastomere D2.1.1 in the fourth tier of blastomeres. It contributes cells to the cranial ganglia, neural crest, spinal cord, fin epidermis, branchial mesoderm, heart, somites, pharynx, foregut, liver, and hindgut.
eriksegerdell
2016-08-16T20:28:11Z
xenopus_anatomy
D2
D2.2.1
XAO:0005102
blastomere D2.2.1
Blastomere which lies lateral to blastomere D2.1.1 in the fourth tier of blastomeres. It contributes cells to the cranial ganglia, neural crest, spinal cord, fin epidermis, branchial mesoderm, heart, somites, pharynx, foregut, liver, and hindgut.
PMID:3596014
Blastomere which lies lateral to blastomere D2.1.2, anterior to its sister cell, blastomere D2.2.1, in the third tier of blastomeres. It contributes cells to the epidermis, neural crest, brain, spinal cord, head mesoderm, somites, pronephric kidney, lateral plate mesoderm, tail fin mesenchyme, foregut, hindgut, with occasional cells in the liver and proctodeum observed.
eriksegerdell
2016-08-16T20:28:11Z
xenopus_anatomy
C2
D2.2.2
XAO:0005103
blastomere D2.2.2
Blastomere which lies lateral to blastomere D2.1.2, anterior to its sister cell, blastomere D2.2.1, in the third tier of blastomeres. It contributes cells to the epidermis, neural crest, brain, spinal cord, head mesoderm, somites, pronephric kidney, lateral plate mesoderm, tail fin mesenchyme, foregut, hindgut, with occasional cells in the liver and proctodeum observed.
PMID:3596014
Blastomere which lies adjacent to the prospective ventral midline in the first tier of blastomeres. It contributes to epidermal and placodal derivatives including the epidermis, lens, cement gland, cranial ganglia, otic vesicle, neural crest, Rohon-Beard neurons, and spinal cord (but no other CNS structures). It also contributes to the pharyngeal mesoderm, heart, somites, pronephric kidney, lateral plate mesoderm and tail fin mesenchymes, and a few cells in the gut.
eriksegerdell
2016-08-16T20:28:11Z
xenopus_anatomy
A4
V1.1.1
XAO:0005104
blastomere V1.1.1
Blastomere which lies adjacent to the prospective ventral midline in the first tier of blastomeres. It contributes to epidermal and placodal derivatives including the epidermis, lens, cement gland, cranial ganglia, otic vesicle, neural crest, Rohon-Beard neurons, and spinal cord (but no other CNS structures). It also contributes to the pharyngeal mesoderm, heart, somites, pronephric kidney, lateral plate mesoderm and tail fin mesenchymes, and a few cells in the gut.
PMID:3596014
Blastomere which lies adjacent to the prospective ventral midline, posterior to its sister cell, blastomere V1.1.1, in the second tier of blastomeres. It contributes to trunk epidermis and neural crest cells, Rohon-Beard neurons, somites, the pronephric kidney, lateral plate mesoderm, tail fin mesenchyme, hindgut and proctodeum.
eriksegerdell
2016-08-16T20:28:11Z
xenopus_anatomy
B4
V1.1.2
XAO:0005105
blastomere V1.1.2
Blastomere which lies adjacent to the prospective ventral midline, posterior to its sister cell, blastomere V1.1.1, in the second tier of blastomeres. It contributes to trunk epidermis and neural crest cells, Rohon-Beard neurons, somites, the pronephric kidney, lateral plate mesoderm, tail fin mesenchyme, hindgut and proctodeum.
PMID:3596014
Blastomere which lies lateral to blastomere V1.1.1 and is in the first tier of blastomeres. It contributes to many ectodermal structures including the epidermis, lens, cranial ganglia, otic vesicle, neural crest, olfactory placode, cement gland, retina, brain, and spinal cord. It also contributes cells to the pharyngeal mesoderm, head mesenchyme, heart, somites, pronephric kidney, lateral plate mesoderm and tail fin mesenchyme, archenteron roof, with occasional cells in the foregut, liver, hindgut and proctodeum.
eriksegerdell
2016-08-16T20:28:11Z
xenopus_anatomy
A3
V1.2.1
XAO:0005106
blastomere V1.2.1
Blastomere which lies lateral to blastomere V1.1.1 and is in the first tier of blastomeres. It contributes to many ectodermal structures including the epidermis, lens, cranial ganglia, otic vesicle, neural crest, olfactory placode, cement gland, retina, brain, and spinal cord. It also contributes cells to the pharyngeal mesoderm, head mesenchyme, heart, somites, pronephric kidney, lateral plate mesoderm and tail fin mesenchyme, archenteron roof, with occasional cells in the foregut, liver, hindgut and proctodeum.
PMID:3596014
Blastomere which lies lateral to blastomere V1.1.2, posterior to its sister cell, blastomere V1.2.1, in the second tier of blastomeres. It contributes to the epidermis, fins, cranial ganglia, otic vesicle, central nervous system, neural crest, and somites, with occasional cells in the pharyngeal mesoderm, head mesenchyme, hindgut, and proctodeum.
eriksegerdell
2016-08-16T20:28:11Z
xenopus_anatomy
B3
V1.2.2
XAO:0005107
blastomere V1.2.2
Blastomere which lies lateral to blastomere V1.1.2, posterior to its sister cell, blastomere V1.2.1, in the second tier of blastomeres. It contributes to the epidermis, fins, cranial ganglia, otic vesicle, central nervous system, neural crest, and somites, with occasional cells in the pharyngeal mesoderm, head mesenchyme, hindgut, and proctodeum.
PMID:3596014
Blastomere which lies adjacent to the prospective, ventral midline in the fourth tier of blastomeres. It contributes a few cells to the epidermis, neural crest and spinal cord, and a large number of cells to the somites, pronephric kidney, lateral plate mesoderm, tail fin mesenchyme, hindgut, and proctodeum.
eriksegerdell
2016-08-16T20:28:11Z
xenopus_anatomy
D4
V2.1.1
XAO:0005108
blastomere V2.1.1
Blastomere which lies adjacent to the prospective, ventral midline in the fourth tier of blastomeres. It contributes a few cells to the epidermis, neural crest and spinal cord, and a large number of cells to the somites, pronephric kidney, lateral plate mesoderm, tail fin mesenchyme, hindgut, and proctodeum.
PMID:3596014
Blastomere which lies adjacent to the prospective ventral midline, anterior to its sister cell, blastomere V2.1.1, in the third tier of blastomeres. It contributes cells to the epidermis, neural crest, spinal cord, somites, tail, hindgut and proctodeum.
eriksegerdell
2016-08-16T20:28:11Z
xenopus_anatomy
C4
V2.1.2
XAO:0005109
blastomere V2.1.2
Blastomere which lies adjacent to the prospective ventral midline, anterior to its sister cell, blastomere V2.1.1, in the third tier of blastomeres. It contributes cells to the epidermis, neural crest, spinal cord, somites, tail, hindgut and proctodeum.
PMID:3596014
Blastomere which lies lateral to blastomere V2.1.1, in the fourth tier of blastomeres. It contributes cells to the epidermis and neural crest, spinal cord, somites, foregut, hindgut, and fewer cells to the head, pharyngeal mesoderm and proctodeum.
eriksegerdell
2016-08-16T20:28:11Z
xenopus_anatomy
D3
V2.2.1
XAO:0005110
blastomere V2.2.1
Blastomere which lies lateral to blastomere V2.1.1, in the fourth tier of blastomeres. It contributes cells to the epidermis and neural crest, spinal cord, somites, foregut, hindgut, and fewer cells to the head, pharyngeal mesoderm and proctodeum.
PMID:3596014
Blastomere which lies lateral to blastomere V2.1.2, anterior to its sister cell, blastomere V2.2.1, in the third tier of blastomeres. It contributes cells to the epidermis, tail fin, cranial ganglia, neural crest, hindbrain, spinal cord, otic vesicle, pharyngeal mesoderm, somites, foregut, hindgut, archenteron roof, and proctodeum.
eriksegerdell
2016-08-16T20:28:11Z
xenopus_anatomy
C3
V2.2.2
XAO:0005111
blastomere V2.2.2
Blastomere which lies lateral to blastomere V2.1.2, anterior to its sister cell, blastomere V2.2.1, in the third tier of blastomeres. It contributes cells to the epidermis, tail fin, cranial ganglia, neural crest, hindbrain, spinal cord, otic vesicle, pharyngeal mesoderm, somites, foregut, hindgut, archenteron roof, and proctodeum.
PMID:3596014
Blastomere that is any of blastomeres D2.1 and D2.2 and their children cells after division, D2.1.1, D2.1.2, D2.2.1 and D2.2.2, on the left and right sides of embryo.
eriksegerdell
2016-08-16T20:28:11Z
DVHB
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005112
dorsal vegetal hemisphere blastomere
Blastomere that is any of blastomeres D2.1 and D2.2 and their children cells after division, D2.1.1, D2.1.2, D2.2.1 and D2.2.2, on the left and right sides of embryo.
PMID:3596014
Blastomere that is any of blastomeres D1.1 and D1.2 and their children cells after division, D1.1.1, D1.1.2, D1.2.1 and D1.2.2, on the left and right sides of embryo.
eriksegerdell
2016-08-16T20:28:11Z
DAHB
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005113
dorsal animal hemisphere blastomere
Blastomere that is any of blastomeres D1.1 and D1.2 and their children cells after division, D1.1.1, D1.1.2, D1.2.1 and D1.2.2, on the left and right sides of embryo.
PMID:3596014
Blastomere that is any of blastomeres V2.1 and V2.2 and their children cells after division, V2.1.1, V2.1.2, V2.2.1 and V2.2.2, on the left and right sides of embryo.
eriksegerdell
2016-08-16T20:28:11Z
VVHB
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005114
ventral vegetal hemisphere blastomere
Blastomere that is any of blastomeres V2.1 and V2.2 and their children cells after division, V2.1.1, V2.1.2, V2.2.1 and V2.2.2, on the left and right sides of embryo.
PMID:3596014
Blastomere that is any of blastomeres V1.1 and V1.2 and their children cells after division, V1.1.1, V1.1.2, V1.2.1 and V1.2.2, on the left and right sides of embryo.
eriksegerdell
2016-08-16T20:28:11Z
VAHB
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005115
ventral animal hemisphere blastomere
Blastomere that is any of blastomeres V1.1 and V1.2 and their children cells after division, V1.1.1, V1.1.2, V1.2.1 and V1.2.2, on the left and right sides of embryo.
PMID:3596014
A cell in the pituitary gland (hypophysis) that generates melanocyte-stimulating hormone from its precursor polypeptide, pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC).
eriksegerdell
2016-09-03T19:21:41Z
CL:0000440
melanocyte stimulating hormone secreting cell
melanotrope cell
melanotroph
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005116
melanotrope
A cell in the pituitary gland (hypophysis) that generates melanocyte-stimulating hormone from its precursor polypeptide, pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC).
http:en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanotroph
A characteristic, electrondense germ plasm organelle encapsulating the cytoplasmic face of the nuclear envelope of the cells destined to the germline fate.
eriksegerdell
2016-09-03T19:21:41Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005117
germinal granule
A characteristic, electrondense germ plasm organelle encapsulating the cytoplasmic face of the nuclear envelope of the cells destined to the germline fate.
Wikipedia:Granule_(cell_biology)
The cytoplasm of the oocyte.
eriksegerdell
2016-09-03T19:21:41Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005118
ooplasm
The cytoplasm of the oocyte.
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ooplasm
Cell component comprising the outer layers of the oocyte.
eriksegerdell
2016-09-03T19:21:41Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005119
oocyte cortex
Cell component comprising the outer layers of the oocyte.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached).
eriksegerdell
2016-09-03T19:21:41Z
GO:0005783
ER
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005120
endoplasmic reticulum
The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached).
GO:0005783
Embryonic region which is specified to form the head of the embryo.
eriksegerdell
2016-09-03T19:21:41Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005121
prime meridian
Embryonic region which is specified to form the head of the embryo.
Xenbase:Staff
Any of the long, generally straight, hollow tubes of internal diameter 12-15 nm and external diameter 24 nm found in a wide variety of eukaryotic cells; each consists (usually) of 13 protofilaments of polymeric tubulin, staggered in such a manner that the tubulin monomers are arranged in a helical pattern on the microtubular surface, and with the alpha/beta axes of the tubulin subunits parallel to the long axis of the tubule; exist in equilibrium with pool of tubulin monomers and can be rapidly assembled or disassembled in response to physiological stimuli; concerned with force generation, e.g. in the spindle.
eriksegerdell
2016-09-03T19:21:41Z
GO:0005874
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005122
microtubule
Any of the long, generally straight, hollow tubes of internal diameter 12-15 nm and external diameter 24 nm found in a wide variety of eukaryotic cells; each consists (usually) of 13 protofilaments of polymeric tubulin, staggered in such a manner that the tubulin monomers are arranged in a helical pattern on the microtubular surface, and with the alpha/beta axes of the tubulin subunits parallel to the long axis of the tubule; exist in equilibrium with pool of tubulin monomers and can be rapidly assembled or disassembled in response to physiological stimuli; concerned with force generation, e.g. in the spindle.
GO:0005874
Cell component comprising the outer layers of the vegetal region of the oocyte.
eriksegerdell
2016-09-03T19:21:41Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005123
vegetal cortex
Cell component comprising the outer layers of the vegetal region of the oocyte.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The epithelial layer of the lung.
eriksegerdell
2016-09-03T19:21:41Z
UBERON:0000115
xenopus_anatomy
epithelial tissue of lung
epithelium of lung
lung epithelial tissue
lung epithelium
XAO:0005124
pulmonary epithelium
The epithelial layer of the lung.
UBERON:0000115
The ventral part of the foregut.
eriksegerdell
2016-09-03T19:21:41Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005125
ventral foregut
The ventral part of the foregut.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The dorsal part of the foregut.
eriksegerdell
2016-09-03T19:21:41Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005126
dorsal foregut
The dorsal part of the foregut.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Embryonic structure that consists of the anterior part of the foregut and develops into the esophagus and trachea.
eriksegerdell
2016-09-03T19:21:41Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005127
anterior foregut
Embryonic structure that consists of the anterior part of the foregut and develops into the esophagus and trachea.
Xenbase:Staff
The posterior part of the foregut.
eriksegerdell
2016-09-03T19:21:41Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005128
posterior foregut
The posterior part of the foregut.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The section of the stomach comprising the cardia, fundus, and stomach body.
eriksegerdell
2016-09-03T19:21:41Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005129
proximal stomach
The section of the stomach comprising the cardia, fundus, and stomach body.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The section of the stomach comprising the antrum and pylorus.
eriksegerdell
2016-09-03T19:21:41Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005130
distal stomach
The section of the stomach comprising the antrum and pylorus.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
A characteristically star-shaped type of glial cell found in the optic nerve, brain and spinal cord. They have many processes, giving them their star shape, which terminate in structures called end-feet. They are the most numerous glial cell in the central nervous system and can behave like phagocytes in the CNS during metamorphosis.
eriksegerdell
2016-09-03T19:21:41Z
CL:0000127
astrocytic glia
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005131
astrocyte
A characteristically star-shaped type of glial cell found in the optic nerve, brain and spinal cord. They have many processes, giving them their star shape, which terminate in structures called end-feet. They are the most numerous glial cell in the central nervous system and can behave like phagocytes in the CNS during metamorphosis.
CL:0000127
Xenbase:Staff
The terminal process of an astrocyte.
eriksegerdell
2016-09-03T19:21:41Z
GO:0097450
astrocyte endfoot
xenopus_anatomy
astrocyte end-feet
astrocyte endfeet
XAO:0005132
astrocyte end-foot
The terminal process of an astrocyte.
GO:0097450
astrocyte end-feet
astrocyte endfeet
A class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system that form the insulating myelin sheath of axons.
eriksegerdell
2016-09-03T19:21:41Z
CL:0000128
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005133
oligodendrocyte
A class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system that form the insulating myelin sheath of axons.
CL:0000128
The smallest glial cell type in the central nervous system, cells of this type actively detect inflammatory responses/infection. They transform to a phagocytotic form, actively removing infective agents, and thus can present antigens to immune system cells.
eriksegerdell
2016-09-03T19:21:41Z
CL:0000129
microglia
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005134
microglial cell
The smallest glial cell type in the central nervous system, cells of this type actively detect inflammatory responses/infection. They transform to a phagocytotic form, actively removing infective agents, and thus can present antigens to immune system cells.
Xenbase:Staff
An endocrine cell that is located in the epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract or in the pancreas.
eriksegerdell
2016-12-06T18:00:00Z
CL:0000164
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005135
enteroendocrine cell
An endocrine cell that is located in the epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract or in the pancreas.
CL:0000164
Tissue which during gastrulation involutes into the interior of the embryo, where its deep mesenchymal cells form the notochordal and somitic mesoderm and its superficial epithelial cells form the endodermal roof of the archenteron.
eriksegerdell
2016-09-03T19:21:41Z
DIMZ
dorsal IMZ
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005136
dorsal involuting marginal zone
Tissue which during gastrulation involutes into the interior of the embryo, where its deep mesenchymal cells form the notochordal and somitic mesoderm and its superficial epithelial cells form the endodermal roof of the archenteron.
PMID:7588048
A ciliated cell that has a single cilium.
eriksegerdell
2016-09-03T19:21:41Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005137
monociliated cell
A ciliated cell that has a single cilium.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The cytoplasm beneath the outer layers of the oocyte.
eriksegerdell
2016-09-03T19:21:41Z
sub-cortical cytoplasm
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005138
subcortical cytoplasm
The cytoplasm beneath the outer layers of the oocyte.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
A ciliated cell that has more than one cilium.
eriksegerdell
2016-09-03T19:21:41Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005139
multiciliated cell
A ciliated cell that has more than one cilium.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
A structure derived from the foregut that becomes a lung.
eriksegerdell
2016-12-09T17:00:00Z
UBERON:0000118
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005140
lung bud
A structure derived from the foregut that becomes a lung.
UBERON:0000118
A cartilaginous extension of the stapes that expands into a cartilaginous tympanic disk.
eriksegerdell
2016-09-03T19:21:41Z
pars externa
extracolumella
extrastapes
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005141
pars externa of the stapes
A cartilaginous extension of the stapes that expands into a cartilaginous tympanic disk.
PMID:20953303
The bony part of the stapes which forms the shaft. It is shaped like a bent rod: its distal half is firmly embedded within the tympanic disk, extending from the disk center caudally and dorsally, turning inwards, until it reaches the oval window at a shallow angle.
eriksegerdell
2016-09-03T19:21:41Z
pars media
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005142
pars media of the stapes
The bony part of the stapes which forms the shaft. It is shaped like a bent rod: its distal half is firmly embedded within the tympanic disk, extending from the disk center caudally and dorsally, turning inwards, until it reaches the oval window at a shallow angle.
PMID:20953303
A cartilaginous component of the stapes that is firmly attached to the proximal end of the pars media. It lies within the oval window and forms the stapes footplate.
eriksegerdell
2016-09-03T19:21:41Z
pars interna
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005143
pars interna of the stapes
A cartilaginous component of the stapes that is firmly attached to the proximal end of the pars media. It lies within the oval window and forms the stapes footplate.
PMID:20953303
That part of the stapes lying within the oval window, formed from the stapes pars interna.
eriksegerdell
2016-09-03T19:21:41Z
footplate
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005144
footplate of the stapes
That part of the stapes lying within the oval window, formed from the stapes pars interna.
PMID:20953303
The section of the stomach which lies between the cardia and the stomach body, and contains the fundic glands.
eriksegerdell
2016-12-09T17:00:00Z
UBERON:0001160
fundic stomach
fundus of stomach
gastric fundus
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005145
fundus
The section of the stomach which lies between the cardia and the stomach body, and contains the fundic glands.
UBERON:0001160
Wikipedia:Stomach
Entrance to the inner ear in the lateral wall of the otic capsule, which contains the footplate of the stapes.
eriksegerdell
2016-09-03T19:21:41Z
UBERON:0002501
xenopus_anatomy
foramen ovale
XAO:0005146
oval window
Entrance to the inner ear in the lateral wall of the otic capsule, which contains the footplate of the stapes.
PMID:20953303
Cartilaginous extension of the prootic bone which overlies the middle ear region.
eriksegerdell
2016-09-03T19:21:41Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005147
parotic crest
Cartilaginous extension of the prootic bone which overlies the middle ear region.
PMID:20953303
A muscle acting to open the lower jaw, which runs from the caudal otic region downwards, passing over the stapes.
eriksegerdell
2016-09-03T19:21:41Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005148
m. depressor mandibulae
A muscle acting to open the lower jaw, which runs from the caudal otic region downwards, passing over the stapes.
PMID:20953303
Superior aspect of the cranial muscle that passes between the otic capsule and the scapula. It originates on the otic capsule just caudal to the oval window.
eriksegerdell
2016-09-03T19:21:41Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005149
m. levator scapulae superior
Superior aspect of the cranial muscle that passes between the otic capsule and the scapula. It originates on the otic capsule just caudal to the oval window.
PMID:20953303
Inferior aspect of the cranial muscle that passes between the otic capsule and the scapula. It originates on the otic capsule just caudal to the oval window.
eriksegerdell
2016-09-03T19:21:41Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005150
m. levator scapulae inferior
Inferior aspect of the cranial muscle that passes between the otic capsule and the scapula. It originates on the otic capsule just caudal to the oval window.
PMID:20953303
A long, strap-like muscle that originates mainly from the parotic crest, passes over the stapes and ultimately inserts on the ventral surface of the larynx.
eriksegerdell
2016-09-03T19:21:41Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005151
m. petrohyoideus
A long, strap-like muscle that originates mainly from the parotic crest, passes over the stapes and ultimately inserts on the ventral surface of the larynx.
PMID:20953303
A muscle that originates on the otic capsule and adjacent tympanic annulus, and inserts on the pectoral girdle.
eriksegerdell
2016-09-03T19:21:41Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005152
m. cucullaris
A muscle that originates on the otic capsule and adjacent tympanic annulus, and inserts on the pectoral girdle.
PMID:20953303
The oval shaped cartilaginous ring that supports the cartilaginous tympanic disk.
eriksegerdell
2016-09-03T19:21:41Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005153
tympanic annulus
The oval shaped cartilaginous ring that supports the cartilaginous tympanic disk.
PMID:20953303
The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
eriksegerdell
2017-03-20T17:24:29Z
GO:0005886
cell membrane
cellular membrane
cytoplasmic membrane
plasmalemma
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005154
plasma membrane
The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
GO:0005886
Anatomical line that divides the archenteron roof into right and left halves.
eriksegerdell
2016-09-03T19:21:41Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005155
archenteron roof midline
Anatomical line that divides the archenteron roof into right and left halves.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The section of the stomach which lies between the fundus and the pyloric antrum.
eriksegerdell
2016-12-09T17:00:00Z
UBERON:0001161
body of stomach
gastric body
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005156
stomach body
The section of the stomach which lies between the fundus and the pyloric antrum.
UBERON:0001161
The section of the stomach which lies between the stomach body and pylorus, and that contains gastrin-producing G cells, which stimulate acid production, and the luminal pH-sensitive population of somatostatin-producing D cells.
eriksegerdell
2016-12-09T17:00:00Z
UBERON:0001165
antrum of stomach
pyloric antrum
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005157
antrum
The section of the stomach which lies between the stomach body and pylorus, and that contains gastrin-producing G cells, which stimulate acid production, and the luminal pH-sensitive population of somatostatin-producing D cells.
UBERON:0001165
The stomach tissue region which surrounds and controls the distal outlet of the stomach, which opens into the duodenum, and contains the pyloric glands.
eriksegerdell
2016-12-09T17:00:00Z
UBERON:0001166
pyloric stomach
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005158
pylorus
The stomach tissue region which surrounds and controls the distal outlet of the stomach, which opens into the duodenum, and contains the pyloric glands.
ISBN:9781461348764
UBERON:0001166
The section of the stomach which is attached to the esophagus and contains the cardiac glands.
eriksegerdell
2016-12-09T17:00:00Z
UBERON:0001162
cardia of stomach
cardiac stomach
gastric cardia
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005159
cardia
The section of the stomach which is attached to the esophagus and contains the cardiac glands.
ISBN:9781461348764
UBERON:0001162
A tiny skeletal element adjacent to the anterior-most digit in the autopod in the developing forelimb, possibly representing a vestigal digit.
eriksegerdell
2016-09-03T19:21:41Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005160
prepollex
A tiny skeletal element adjacent to the anterior-most digit in the autopod in the developing forelimb, possibly representing a vestigal digit.
Xenbase:Staff
A tiny skeletal element adjacent to the anterior-most digit in the autopod in the developing hindlimb (i.e., hindlimb digit 5), possibly representing a vestigal 6th digit in Xenopus.
eriksegerdell
2016-09-03T19:21:41Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005161
prehallux
A tiny skeletal element adjacent to the anterior-most digit in the autopod in the developing hindlimb (i.e., hindlimb digit 5), possibly representing a vestigal 6th digit in Xenopus.
Xenbase:Staff
Skeletal subdivision comprising the skeletal elements of the mandibular arch.
eriksegerdell
2016-09-03T19:21:41Z
UBERON:0001708
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005162
mandibular arch skeleton
Skeletal subdivision comprising the skeletal elements of the mandibular arch.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
A region of the embryo that is located broadly around the heart, but ventral to the pharyngeal region, posterior to the cement gland, and anterior to the endoderm or organs of endodermal origin (foregut, liver and lung primordia).
eriksegerdell
2016-11-16T18:07:16Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005163
thoracic region
A region of the embryo that is located broadly around the heart, but ventral to the pharyngeal region, posterior to the cement gland, and anterior to the endoderm or organs of endodermal origin (foregut, liver and lung primordia).
Xenbase:Staff
A type of endocrine cell in the pancreatic islets of the pancreas. They make up some of the islet cells synthesizing and secreting the peptide hormone glucagon, which elevates the glucose levels in the blood.
eriksegerdell
2016-11-16T18:07:16Z
CL:0000171
alpha-cell
xenopus_anatomy
alpha cells
alpha-cells
pancreatic A cell
XAO:0005164
alpha cell
A type of endocrine cell in the pancreatic islets of the pancreas. They make up some of the islet cells synthesizing and secreting the peptide hormone glucagon, which elevates the glucose levels in the blood.
Xenbase:Staff
alpha cells
alpha-cells
A type of cell that is found in the pancreatic islets of the pancreas and secretes insulin.
eriksegerdell
2016-11-16T18:07:16Z
CL:0000169
beta-cell
xenopus_anatomy
beta cells
beta-cells
type B pancreatic cell
XAO:0005165
beta cell
A type of cell that is found in the pancreatic islets of the pancreas and secretes insulin.
Xenbase:Staff
beta cells
beta-cells
Somatostatin-producing cell that is found in the stomach, intestine and the pancreatic islets.
eriksegerdell
2016-11-16T18:07:16Z
CL:0000502
delta-cell
xenopus_anatomy
D cell
D-cell
delta cells
delta-cells
type D enteroendocrine cell
XAO:0005166
delta cell
Somatostatin-producing cell that is found in the stomach, intestine and the pancreatic islets.
Xenbase:Staff
delta cells
delta-cells
A type of endocrine cell that is found in the islets of Langerhans and produces the hormone ghrelin.
eriksegerdell
2016-11-16T18:07:16Z
epsilon-cell
xenopus_anatomy
epsilon cells
epsilon-cells
XAO:0005167
epsilon cell
A type of endocrine cell that is found in the islets of Langerhans and produces the hormone ghrelin.
Xenbase:Staff
epsilon cells
epsilon-cells
A type of cell that produces pancreatic polypeptides in the pancreatic islets (the islets of Langerhans) of the pancreas.
eriksegerdell
2016-11-16T18:07:16Z
xenopus_anatomy
PP cell
pp-cell
XAO:0005168
gamma cell
A type of cell that produces pancreatic polypeptides in the pancreatic islets (the islets of Langerhans) of the pancreas.
Xenbase:Staff
The presumptive cells of the organizing region which is formed by the posterior layer of the gastrocoel roof plate during early neurulation.
eriksegerdell
2017-03-30T16:43:56Z
left-right organiser primordium
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005169
left-right organizer primordium
The presumptive cells of the organizing region which is formed by the posterior layer of the gastrocoel roof plate during early neurulation.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Region which is formed by the posterior layer of the gastrocoel roof plate during neurulation and has functionality in determining organ and axis symmetry.
eriksegerdell
2017-03-30T16:45:24Z
LRO
left-right organiser
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005170
left-right organizer
Region which is formed by the posterior layer of the gastrocoel roof plate during neurulation and has functionality in determining organ and axis symmetry.
Xenbase:Staff
The outermost extent of a fin, comprising a region of high cell replication during anterior-posterior axis extension throughout the tadpole stages.
eriksegerdell
2017-04-11T16:34:29Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005171
fin margin
The outermost extent of a fin, comprising a region of high cell replication during anterior-posterior axis extension throughout the tadpole stages.
Xenbase:Staff
The blastomere of the future left side of the embryo at the 2-cell stage.
eriksegerdell
2017-04-13T17:00:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005172
left blastomere
The blastomere of the future left side of the embryo at the 2-cell stage.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The blastomere of the future right side of the embryo at the 2-cell stage.
eriksegerdell
2017-04-13T17:00:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005173
right blastomere
The blastomere of the future right side of the embryo at the 2-cell stage.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The blastomere of the future left-dorsal portion of the embryo at the 4-cell stage.
eriksegerdell
2017-04-13T17:00:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
LD
XAO:0005174
left-dorsal blastomere
The blastomere of the future left-dorsal portion of the embryo at the 4-cell stage.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The blastomere of the future right-dorsal portion of the embryo at the 4-cell stage.
eriksegerdell
2017-04-13T17:00:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
RD
XAO:0005175
right-dorsal blastomere
The blastomere of the future right-dorsal portion of the embryo at the 4-cell stage.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The blastomere of the future left-ventral portion of the embryo at the 4-cell stage.
eriksegerdell
2017-04-13T17:00:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
LV
XAO:0005176
left-ventral blastomere
The blastomere of the future left-ventral portion of the embryo at the 4-cell stage.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The blastomere of the future right-ventral portion of the embryo at the 4-cell stage.
eriksegerdell
2017-04-13T17:00:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
RV
XAO:0005177
right-ventral blastomere
The blastomere of the future right-ventral portion of the embryo at the 4-cell stage.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
A ciliated epidermal cell that has a single cilium.
eriksegerdell
2017-04-14T17:17:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005178
monociliated epidermal cell
A ciliated epidermal cell that has a single cilium.
Xenbase:Staff
A ciliated epidermal cell that has more than one cilium.
eriksegerdell
2017-04-14T17:17:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
MCC
XAO:0005179
multiciliated epidermal cell
A ciliated epidermal cell that has more than one cilium.
Xenbase:Staff
Cell type that gives rise to multiciliated cells.
eriksegerdell
2017-04-14T17:17:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005180
multiciliated cell precursor
Cell type that gives rise to multiciliated cells.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
An interneuron which grows from the soma in an ascending (from tail to head) direction.
eriksegerdell
2017-11-10T17:00:00Z
aIN
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005181
ascending interneuron
An interneuron which grows from the soma in an ascending (from tail to head) direction.
PMID:29051550
An interneuron which grows from the soma in a descending (from head to tail) direction.
eriksegerdell
2017-11-10T17:00:00Z
dIN
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005182
descending interneuron
An interneuron which grows from the soma in a descending (from head to tail) direction.
PMID:29051550
An interneuron which starts to grow on one side of the body and navigates in the ventral direction.
eriksegerdell
2017-11-10T17:00:00Z
cIN
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005183
commissural interneuron
An interneuron which starts to grow on one side of the body and navigates in the ventral direction.
PMID:29051550
An ascending neuron, originating in the spinal cord, that is involved in the touch sensory pathway and lies adjacent to the Rohon-Beard neurons and close to the roof plate of the spinal cord.
eriksegerdell
2017-11-15T17:00:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
dla
XAO:0005184
dorsolateral ascending neuron
An ascending neuron, originating in the spinal cord, that is involved in the touch sensory pathway and lies adjacent to the Rohon-Beard neurons and close to the roof plate of the spinal cord.
PMID:29051550
A commissural neuron, originating in the spinal cord, that is involved in the touch sensory pathway and lies adjacent to the Rohon-Beard neurons and close to the roof plate of the spinal cord.
eriksegerdell
2017-11-15T17:00:00Z
xenopus_anatomy
dlc
XAO:0005185
dorsolateral commissural neuron
A commissural neuron, originating in the spinal cord, that is involved in the touch sensory pathway and lies adjacent to the Rohon-Beard neurons and close to the roof plate of the spinal cord.
PMID:29051550
The glandular, anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (hypophysis). It regulates several physiological processes including stress, growth, and reproduction.
eriksegerdell
2017-11-17T16:49:43Z
UBERON:0002196
anterior hypophysis
anterior lobe of pituitary gland
anterior pituitary
xenopus_anatomy
pars anterior
XAO:0005186
adenohypophysis
The glandular, anterior lobe of the pituitary gland (hypophysis). It regulates several physiological processes including stress, growth, and reproduction.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_pituitary
The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (hypophysis). It is largely a collection of axonal projections from the hypothalamus that terminate behind the anterior pituitary, and serve as a site for the secretion of neurohypophysial hormones (oxytocin and vasopressin) directly into the blood. It is not glandular as is the anterior pituitary.
eriksegerdell
2017-11-17T16:49:56Z
UBERON:0002198
posterior hypophysis
posterior lobe of pituitary gland
posterior pituitary
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005187
neurohypophysis
The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland (hypophysis). It is largely a collection of axonal projections from the hypothalamus that terminate behind the anterior pituitary, and serve as a site for the secretion of neurohypophysial hormones (oxytocin and vasopressin) directly into the blood. It is not glandular as is the anterior pituitary.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterior_pituitary
Structure which comprises the majority of the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) and where the bulk of pituitary hormone production occurs.
eriksegerdell
2017-11-17T16:49:59Z
UBERON:0006964
pars distalis of adenohypophysis
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005188
pars distalis
Structure which comprises the majority of the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) and where the bulk of pituitary hormone production occurs.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_pituitary
Structure which constitutes the majority of the posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) and that is the storage site of oxytocin and vasopressin.
eriksegerdell
2017-11-17T16:50:21Z
UBERON:0003217
neural lobe of neurohypophysis
posterior lobe of neurohypophysis
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005189
pars nervosa
Structure which constitutes the majority of the posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) and that is the storage site of oxytocin and vasopressin.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterior_pituitary
The boundary between the anterior and posterior lobes of the pituitary (hypophysis). It contains three types of cells: basophils, chromophobes, and colloid-filled cysts. The cysts are the remainder of Rathke's pouch.
eriksegerdell
2017-11-17T16:51:54Z
UBERON:0002432
pars intermedia of adenohypophysis
pars intermedis
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005190
pars intermedia
The boundary between the anterior and posterior lobes of the pituitary (hypophysis). It contains three types of cells: basophils, chromophobes, and colloid-filled cysts. The cysts are the remainder of Rathke's pouch.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pars_intermedia
An unpaired bone in the skull that separates the nasal cavity from the brain. It is located at the roof of the nose, between the two orbits.
eriksegerdell
2018-01-16T17:00:00Z
ethmoid
UBERON:0001679
ethmoidal bone
os ethmoidale
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005191
ethmoid bone
An unpaired bone in the skull that separates the nasal cavity from the brain. It is located at the roof of the nose, between the two orbits.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethmoid_bone
Anatomical cluster comprising the most anterior region of the braincase and providing structural support for the peripheral olfactory organ.
eriksegerdell
2018-01-17T17:00:00Z
UBERON:0011241
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005192
ethmoid region
Anatomical cluster comprising the most anterior region of the braincase and providing structural support for the peripheral olfactory organ.
UBERON:0011241
The lateral area of the two branches of a horseshoe-shaped mesenchymal swelling in the future nasal region of the embryo. It separates the olfactory pit from the developing eye.
eriksegerdell
2018-01-17T17:00:00Z
UBERON:0004067
prominentia nasalis lateralis
xenopus_anatomy
lateral nasal swelling
XAO:0005193
lateral nasal prominence
The lateral area of the two branches of a horseshoe-shaped mesenchymal swelling in the future nasal region of the embryo. It separates the olfactory pit from the developing eye.
UBERON:0004067
The central area of the two limbs of a horseshoe-shaped mesenchymal swelling that lie medial to the olfactory placode or pit in the future nasal region of the embryo.
eriksegerdell
2018-01-17T17:00:00Z
UBERON:0004068
xenopus_anatomy
medial nasal swelling
nasomedial prominence
XAO:0005194
medial nasal prominence
The central area of the two limbs of a horseshoe-shaped mesenchymal swelling that lie medial to the olfactory placode or pit in the future nasal region of the embryo.
UBERON:0004068
The mesh-like system of enteric neurons that innervate the gastrointestinal tract, with neurons embedded in the lining of the gastrointestinal system, beginning at the esophagus and extending down to the cloaca. The ENS can and does operate independently of the brain and the spinal cord.
UBERON:0002005
ENS
xenopus_anatomy
intrinsic nervous system
XAO:0005195
enteric nervous system
The mesh-like system of enteric neurons that innervate the gastrointestinal tract, with neurons embedded in the lining of the gastrointestinal system, beginning at the esophagus and extending down to the cloaca. The ENS can and does operate independently of the brain and the spinal cord.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enteric_nervous_system
A type of blood cell which is part of the innate immune system and is quickly recruited to sites of injury.
CL:0000775
xenopus_anatomy
neutrocyte
XAO:0005196
neutrophil
A type of blood cell which is part of the innate immune system and is quickly recruited to sites of injury.
Xenbase:Staff
One of the 3 domains of the U-shaped preplacodal ectoderm, lying between the anterior PPE and posterior PPE domains.
LPPE
lateral PPE
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005197
lateral preplacodal ectoderm
One of the 3 domains of the U-shaped preplacodal ectoderm, lying between the anterior PPE and posterior PPE domains.
Xenbase:Staff
Cardiac chamber in which blood enters the heart.
UBERON:0002081
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005198
cardiac atrium
Cardiac chamber in which blood enters the heart.
UBERON:0002081
Type of ganglia in the trunk region that connect the central nervous system with organs, muscles, blood vessels and glands, and are exclusively derived from trunk neural crest cells.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005199
peripheral ganglion
Type of ganglia in the trunk region that connect the central nervous system with organs, muscles, blood vessels and glands, and are exclusively derived from trunk neural crest cells.
PMID:11254347
A straight line through space, intersecting an anatomical entity. Axis directions are defined in terms of axes.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005200
anatomical axis
A straight line through space, intersecting an anatomical entity. Axis directions are defined in terms of axes.
BSPO:0000010
An axis that extends from the animal end of an egg or early embryo to the opposite, vegetal end.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005201
animal-vegetal axis
An axis that extends from the animal end of an egg or early embryo to the opposite, vegetal end.
BSPO:0000199
An axis that extends through an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005202
anterior-posterior axis
An axis that extends through an organism from head end to opposite end of body or tail.
BSPO:0000013
An axis that is approximately perpendicular to the anterior-posterior axis and that extends through the horizontal plane of the body.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005203
dorsal-ventral axis
An axis that is approximately perpendicular to the anterior-posterior axis and that extends through the horizontal plane of the body.
BSPO:0000016
An axis that bisects an organism from left to right sides of body, through a sagittal plane.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005204
left-right axis
An axis that bisects an organism from left to right sides of body, through a sagittal plane.
BSPO:0000017
An anatomical region bounded by a plane perpendicular to an axis through the middle.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005205
anatomical side
An anatomical region bounded by a plane perpendicular to an axis through the middle.
BSPO:0000054
An anatomical region that is the entire part of an anatomical structure anterior to a transverse plane and bounded on one side by the same transverse plane.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005206
anterior side
An anatomical region that is the entire part of an anatomical structure anterior to a transverse plane and bounded on one side by the same transverse plane.
BSPO:0000055
An anatomical region that is the entire part of an anatomical structure posterior to a transverse plane and bounded on one side by the same transverse plane.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005207
posterior side
An anatomical region that is the entire part of an anatomical structure posterior to a transverse plane and bounded on one side by the same transverse plane.
BSPO:0000056
An anatomical region that is the entire part of an anatomical structure dorsal to a horizontal plane and bounded on one side by the same horizontal plane.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005208
dorsal side
An anatomical region that is the entire part of an anatomical structure dorsal to a horizontal plane and bounded on one side by the same horizontal plane.
BSPO:0000063
An anatomical region that is the entire part of an anatomical structure ventral to a horizontal plane and bounded on one side by the same horizontal plane.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005209
ventral side
An anatomical region that is the entire part of an anatomical structure ventral to a horizontal plane and bounded on one side by the same horizontal plane.
BSPO:0000068
The side of an organism that is left of the sagittal plane.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005210
left side
The side of an organism that is left of the sagittal plane.
BSPO:0000000
The side of an organism that is right of the sagittal plane.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005211
right side
The side of an organism that is right of the sagittal plane.
BSPO:0000007
An axis that extends from the point of attachment of a structure (proximal) to the point furthest away from the plane of attachment (distal).
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005212
proximal-distal axis
An axis that extends from the point of attachment of a structure (proximal) to the point furthest away from the plane of attachment (distal).
BSPO:0000015
Anatomical region located on the apical end on the body or body part.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005213
apical region
Anatomical region located on the apical end on the body or body part.
BSPO:0000073
Anatomical region that runs down the center (axis) of the body, encompassing everything exept the limbs.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005214
axial region
Anatomical region that runs down the center (axis) of the body, encompassing everything exept the limbs.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Anatomical region located basally on the body or body part.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005215
basal region
Anatomical region located basally on the body or body part.
BSPO:0000074
Anatomical region anteriorly located on the body or body part.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005216
anterior region
Anatomical region anteriorly located on the body or body part.
BSPO:0000071
Anatomical region posteriorly located on the body or body part.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005217
posterior region
Anatomical region posteriorly located on the body or body part.
BSPO:0000072
Anatomical region dorsally located on the body or body part.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005218
dorsal region
Anatomical region dorsally located on the body or body part.
BSPO:0000079
Anatomical region ventrally located on the body or body part.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005219
ventral region
Anatomical region ventrally located on the body or body part.
BSPO:0000084
Anatomical region medially located on the body or body part.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005220
medial region
Anatomical region medially located on the body or body part.
BSPO:0000083
Anatomical region that overlaps the anterior and dorsal regions of a body or body part.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005221
antero-dorsal region
Anatomical region that overlaps the anterior and dorsal regions of a body or body part.
BSPO:0000026
Anatomical region that overlaps the anterior and ventral regions of a body or body part.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005222
antero-ventral region
Anatomical region that overlaps the anterior and ventral regions of a body or body part.
BSPO:0000027
Anatomical region that overlaps the posterior and dorsal regions of the body or body part.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005223
postero-dorsal region
Anatomical region that overlaps the posterior and dorsal regions of the body or body part.
BSPO:0000030
Anatomical region that overlaps the posterior and ventral regions of a body or body part.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005224
postero-ventral region
Anatomical region that overlaps the posterior and ventral regions of a body or body part.
BSPO:0000035
The capsule surrounding the inner ear components.
UBERON:0004637
xenopus_anatomy
ear capsule
XAO:0005225
otic capsule
The capsule surrounding the inner ear components.
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1074-8103
Any of the muscle precursor cells which emerge from the lower margin of the trunk somites, appear in a segmented pattern, and move through the lateral regions of the embryo to form the hypaxial muscle.
xenopus_anatomy
migratory somitic cell
XAO:0005226
migrating myoblast
Any of the muscle precursor cells which emerge from the lower margin of the trunk somites, appear in a segmented pattern, and move through the lateral regions of the embryo to form the hypaxial muscle.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-4588
Tissue that is the most anterior portion of the notochord and secretes Reissner's fiber-related proteins, including F-spondin.
FO
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005227
flexural organ
Tissue that is the most anterior portion of the notochord and secretes Reissner's fiber-related proteins, including F-spondin.
PMID:9482230
A neuron that transmits nerve impulses away from the central nervous system to the muscles or glands.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005228
efferent neuron
A neuron that transmits nerve impulses away from the central nervous system to the muscles or glands.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
A neuron that transmits nerve impulses to the central nervous system from sensory stimuli.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005229
afferent neuron
A neuron that transmits nerve impulses to the central nervous system from sensory stimuli.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The alimentary system of a postembryonic, hatched or immature tadpole, prior to metamorphosis.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005230
larval alimentary system
The alimentary system of a postembryonic, hatched or immature tadpole, prior to metamorphosis.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The developing muscle surrounding the caudal end of the cloaca.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005231
cloacal sphincter
The developing muscle surrounding the caudal end of the cloaca.
https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/cloacal+sphincter
One of the two types of proton-secreteing cells (PSC) in amphibian skin, which play an important role in ion transport, alpha-PSCs are characterised by expression of slc4a1 (ae1) and localization of H+v-ATPases at the apical plasma membrane.
ICa
alpha ionocyte
alpha-PSC
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005232
ionocyte, alpha subtype
One of the two types of proton-secreteing cells (PSC) in amphibian skin, which play an important role in ion transport, alpha-PSCs are characterised by expression of slc4a1 (ae1) and localization of H+v-ATPases at the apical plasma membrane.
PMID:21266406
One of the two types of proton-secreteing cells (PSC) in amphibian skin, which play an important role in ion transport, beta-PSCs are characterised by expression of pendrin and localization of the H+v-ATPase cytosolically or basolaterally in the plasma membrane.
ICb
beta ionocyte
beta-PSC
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005233
ionocyte, beta subtype
One of the two types of proton-secreteing cells (PSC) in amphibian skin, which play an important role in ion transport, beta-PSCs are characterised by expression of pendrin and localization of the H+v-ATPase cytosolically or basolaterally in the plasma membrane.
PMID:21266406
One of the four cell types that are found in bilayered epithlium of the larval epidermis (the others being goblet cells, multicilliated cells, and ionocytes) and have an abundance of large apical secretory vesicles and secrete a glyocoprotein with antimicrobial properties.
SCC
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005234
small secretory cell
One of the four cell types that are found in bilayered epithlium of the larval epidermis (the others being goblet cells, multicilliated cells, and ionocytes) and have an abundance of large apical secretory vesicles and secrete a glyocoprotein with antimicrobial properties.
PMID:24598166
The dorsal part of the telencephalon.
dt
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005235
dorsal telencephalon
The dorsal part of the telencephalon.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Type of adult stem cells that are induced by thyroid hormone (TH) and, during intestinal remodeling during metamorphosis, newly generate the absorptive epithelium.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005236
intestinal stem cell
Type of adult stem cells that are induced by thyroid hormone (TH) and, during intestinal remodeling during metamorphosis, newly generate the absorptive epithelium.
PMID:30430240
XAO:0005423
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005238
obsolete rostral notochord
true
XAO:0005424
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005239
obsolete caudal notochord
true
Tissue of the lens that is re-growing after damage or amputation.
lens
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005240
regenerating lens
Tissue of the lens that is re-growing after damage or amputation.
Xenbase:Staff
Layer of neurectoderm that develops into the roof plate of the spinal cord.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005241
superficial layer of neurectoderm
Layer of neurectoderm that develops into the roof plate of the spinal cord.
Xenbase:Staff
The posterior portions of the U-shaped neural folds, the two longitudinal dorsal ridges caused by a folding up of the ectoderm, which appear on either side of the middle line of the early neurula embryo.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005242
posterior neural fold
The posterior portions of the U-shaped neural folds, the two longitudinal dorsal ridges caused by a folding up of the ectoderm, which appear on either side of the middle line of the early neurula embryo.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-4588
A transient kidney that functions in embryos of amphibians (and fish) while the mesonephros (which continue to grow into adult kidneys) are developing and before they are fully functional.
xenopus_anatomy
pronephros
XAO:0005243
embryonic kidney
A transient kidney that functions in embryos of amphibians (and fish) while the mesonephros (which continue to grow into adult kidneys) are developing and before they are fully functional.
Xenbase:Staff
Either of the pair of structures lying on either side of the dorsal aorta in which fluid balance is regulated and waste is excreted out in the form of urine.
xenopus_anatomy
mesonephros
XAO:0005244
adult kidney
Either of the pair of structures lying on either side of the dorsal aorta in which fluid balance is regulated and waste is excreted out in the form of urine.
Xenbase:Staff
The most posterior zone of the neural tube, first evident at NF stage 17, which develops where the neural tube passes into the archenteron roof around the dorsal blastoporal lip, becoming deeper during late neurula stages.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005245
neurenteric canal
The most posterior zone of the neural tube, first evident at NF stage 17, which develops where the neural tube passes into the archenteron roof around the dorsal blastoporal lip, becoming deeper during late neurula stages.
Xenbase:Staff
Migratory neural crest cell that is part of the trunk neural crest.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005246
migratory trunk neural crest cell
Migratory neural crest cell that is part of the trunk neural crest.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Endoderm that is part of the hindgut.
UBERON:0003260
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005247
hindgut endoderm
Endoderm that is part of the hindgut.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Dorsal part of the posterior hindgut endoderm.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005248
dorsal posterior hindgut endoderm
Dorsal part of the posterior hindgut endoderm.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Ventral part of the posterior hindgut endoderm.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005249
ventral posterior hindgut endoderm
Ventral part of the posterior hindgut endoderm.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Posterior part of the hindgut endoderm.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005250
posterior hindgut endoderm
Posterior part of the hindgut endoderm.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Anterior part of the hindgut endoderm.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005251
anterior hindgut endoderm
Anterior part of the hindgut endoderm.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
XAO:0000275
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005252
obsolete left olfactory pit
true
XAO:0000275
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005253
obsolete right olfactory pit
true
A functional unit located near the cell apex at the points of contact between epithelial cells, which in vertebrates is composed of the tight junction, the zonula adherens, and desmosomes. Functions in the regulation of cell polarity, tissue integrity and intercellular adhesion and permeability.
GO:0043296
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005254
apical junction complex
A functional unit located near the cell apex at the points of contact between epithelial cells, which in vertebrates is composed of the tight junction, the zonula adherens, and desmosomes. Functions in the regulation of cell polarity, tissue integrity and intercellular adhesion and permeability.
GO:0043296
Thin, stiff, actin-based protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast, an axonal or dendritic growth cone, or a dendritic shaft.
GO:0030175
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005255
filopodium
Thin, stiff, actin-based protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast, an axonal or dendritic growth cone, or a dendritic shaft.
GO:0030175
XAO:0000179
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005256
obsolete left eye
true
XAO:0000179
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005257
obsolete right eye
true
XAO:0000192
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005258
obsolete left inner ear
true
XAO:0000192
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005259
obsolete right inner ear
true
Part of the trunk located on the ventral side of the organism.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005260
ventral trunk
Part of the trunk located on the ventral side of the organism.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The posterior part of the tail.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005261
posterior tail
The posterior part of the tail.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The anterior part of the dorsal fin.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005262
anterior dorsal fin
The anterior part of the dorsal fin.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Neuroectoderm that is located on the anterior side of the organism.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005263
anterior neuroectoderm
Neuroectoderm that is located on the anterior side of the organism.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Part of the tail located on the dorsal side of the organism.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005264
dorsal tail
Part of the tail located on the dorsal side of the organism.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Part of the trunk located on the dorsal side of the organism.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005265
dorsal trunk
Part of the trunk located on the dorsal side of the organism.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
A cell type that produces platelets and coagulating factors that react to bleeding from blood vessel injury by clumping, thereby initiating a blood clot. In amphibians, embryonic and adult thrombocytes have different origins and potentially different gene expression markers.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005266
thrombocyte
A cell type that produces platelets and coagulating factors that react to bleeding from blood vessel injury by clumping, thereby initiating a blood clot. In amphibians, embryonic and adult thrombocytes have different origins and potentially different gene expression markers.
Xenbase:Staff
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platelet
A cell type that produces platelets and coagulating factors that react to bleeding from blood vessel injury by clumping, thereby initiating a blood clot; and that, in embryos, emerge from the ventral mesoderm, just anterior to the ventral blood island. Embryonic thrombocytes are identified by cd41/itga2b.1 gene expression. Additional waves of emergence during development may occur but have not yet been described.
thrombocyte, embryonic
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005267
embryonic thrombocyte
A cell type that produces platelets and coagulating factors that react to bleeding from blood vessel injury by clumping, thereby initiating a blood clot; and that, in embryos, emerge from the ventral mesoderm, just anterior to the ventral blood island. Embryonic thrombocytes are identified by cd41/itga2b.1 gene expression. Additional waves of emergence during development may occur but have not yet been described.
Xenbase:Staff
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platelet
A cell type that produces platelets and coagulating factors that react to bleeding from blood vessel injury by clumping, thereby initiating a blood clot; and that, in adults, develop from hematopoietic stem cells.
thrombocyte, adult
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005268
adult thrombocyte
A cell type that produces platelets and coagulating factors that react to bleeding from blood vessel injury by clumping, thereby initiating a blood clot; and that, in adults, develop from hematopoietic stem cells.
Xenbase:Staff
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platelet
Pelvic girdle tissue that is re-growing after damage or amputation.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005269
regenerating pelvic girdle
Pelvic girdle tissue that is re-growing after damage or amputation.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
XAO:0003180
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005270
obsolete left part of branchial arch skeleton
true
XAO:0003180
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005271
obsolete right part of branchial arch skeleton
true
XAO:0003030
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005272
obsolete left forelimb
true
XAO:0003030
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005273
obsolete right forelimb
true
XAO:0003031
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005274
obsolete left hindlimb
true
XAO:0003031
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005275
obsolete right hindlimb
true
XAO:0000228
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005276
obsolete left optic vesicle
true
XAO:0000228
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005277
obsolete right optic vesicle
true
XAO:0000010
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005278
obsolete left part of brain
true
XAO:0000010
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005279
obsolete right part of brain
true
Anatomical region that overlaps the ventral and lateral regions of a body or body part.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005280
ventro-lateral region
Anatomical region that overlaps the ventral and lateral regions of a body or body part.
BSPO:0000085
Anatomical region that overlaps the dorsal and lateral regions of a body or body part.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005281
dorso-lateral region
Anatomical region that overlaps the dorsal and lateral regions of a body or body part.
BSPO:0000080
An organelle that contains yolk for consumption during embryogenesis.
YP
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005282
yolk platelet
An organelle that contains yolk for consumption during embryogenesis.
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1074-8103
Ectodermal placode that does not develop into a component of the nervous system.
UBERON:0011814
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005283
non-neurogenic ectodermal placode
Ectodermal placode that does not develop into a component of the nervous system.
UBERON:0011814
The repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs.
GO:0030017
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005284
sarcomere
The repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs.
GO:0030017
Any microtubule that is part of a mitotic or meiotic spindle; anchored at one spindle pole.
GO:0005876
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005285
spindle microtubule
Any microtubule that is part of a mitotic or meiotic spindle; anchored at one spindle pole.
GO:0005876
Any of the spindle microtubules that radiate in all directions from the spindle poles and are thought to contribute to the forces that separate the poles and position them in relation to the rest of the cell.
GO:0000235
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005286
astral microtubule
Any of the spindle microtubules that radiate in all directions from the spindle poles and are thought to contribute to the forces that separate the poles and position them in relation to the rest of the cell.
GO:0000235
The presumptive cells of the jaw muscle.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005287
jaw muscle primordium
The presumptive cells of the jaw muscle.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
A cell of the pia mater, the delicate fibrous meningeal coverings of the CNS.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005288
pial cell
A cell of the pia mater, the delicate fibrous meningeal coverings of the CNS.
PMID:30993182
The innermost delicate fibrous meningeal coverings of the CNS. It is closely adherent to the brain tissue and is composed of one to several layers of flattened, modified fibroblasts and the ECM (collagen and elastic fibers, etc.) they produce.
UBERON:0002361
pia matter
xenopus_anatomy
pia
XAO:0005289
pia mater
The innermost delicate fibrous meningeal coverings of the CNS. It is closely adherent to the brain tissue and is composed of one to several layers of flattened, modified fibroblasts and the ECM (collagen and elastic fibers, etc.) they produce.
PMID:30993182
The unpigmented maturation spot which indicates germinal vesicle breakdown and thus maturation of an oocyte.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005290
Roux spot
The unpigmented maturation spot which indicates germinal vesicle breakdown and thus maturation of an oocyte.
PMID:30046
PMID:6540084
A 1-2 cell layer membrane comprising cells from the stomodeum and underlying endodermal layer. Perforation of this structure creates an opening connecting the external and the digestive tube which is essential for oral cavity formation.
UBERON:0006211
oral plate membrane
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005291
buccopharyngeal membrane
A 1-2 cell layer membrane comprising cells from the stomodeum and underlying endodermal layer. Perforation of this structure creates an opening connecting the external and the digestive tube which is essential for oral cavity formation.
PMID:16678148
PMID:28032936
Cephalic nerve that innervates the nasal cavity and the eye.
UBERON:0022300
nervus nasociliaris
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005292
nasociliary nerve
Cephalic nerve that innervates the nasal cavity and the eye.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Cephalic nerve that innervates the maxillary sinus.
UBERON:0000377
nervus maxillare
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005293
maxillary nerve
Cephalic nerve that innervates the maxillary sinus.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Cephalic nerve that innervates the lower jaw.
UBERON:0000375
nervus mandibulare
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005294
mandibular nerve
Cephalic nerve that innervates the lower jaw.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Cephalic nerve that is the largest branch of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve.
UBERON:0000942
nervus frontalis
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005295
frontal nerve
Cephalic nerve that is the largest branch of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
A cell junction at which anchoring proteins (cadherins or integrins) extend through the plasma membrane and are attached to actin filaments.
GO:0005912
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005296
adherens junction
A cell junction at which anchoring proteins (cadherins or integrins) extend through the plasma membrane and are attached to actin filaments.
GO:0005912
The epithelium of the foregut.
UBERON:0015833
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005297
foregut epithelium
The epithelium of the foregut.
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1074-8103
The epithelium of the trachea.
UBERON:0001901
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005298
tracheal epithelium
The epithelium of the trachea.
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1074-8103
The epithelium of the esophagus.
UBERON:0001976
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005299
esophageal epithelium
The epithelium of the esophagus.
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1074-8103
The epithelium of the stomach.
UBERON:0001276
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005300
stomach epithelium
The epithelium of the stomach.
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1074-8103
Ventral region of early embryonic endoderm.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005301
ventral endoderm
Ventral region of early embryonic endoderm.
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1074-8103
Posterior region of the developing endoderm.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005302
posterior endoderm
Posterior region of the developing endoderm.
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1074-8103
Anterior region of the developing endoderm.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005303
anterior endoderm
Anterior region of the developing endoderm.
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1074-8103
Dorsal region of early embryonic endomesoderm.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005304
dorsal endomesoderm
Dorsal region of early embryonic endomesoderm.
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1074-8103
Ventral region of early embryonic endomesoderm.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005305
ventral endomesoderm
Ventral region of early embryonic endomesoderm.
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1074-8103
Anterior region of the developing endomesoderm.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005306
anterior endomesoderm
Anterior region of the developing endomesoderm.
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1074-8103
Posterior region of the developing endomesoderm.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005307
posterior endomesoderm
Posterior region of the developing endomesoderm.
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1074-8103
A cardial valve in the atrioventricular region that separates the atrium from the ventricle and prevents backflow from the ventricles into the atria during systole.
UBERON:0002133
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005308
atrioventricular valve
A cardial valve in the atrioventricular region that separates the atrium from the ventricle and prevents backflow from the ventricles into the atria during systole.
UBERON:0002133
A nerve that is part of the head.
UBERON:0011779
xenopus_anatomy
head nerve
nerve of head region
XAO:0005309
cephalic nerve
A nerve that is part of the head.
UBERON:0011779
The contractile element of skeletal and cardiac muscle; a long, highly organized bundle of actin, myosin, and other proteins that contracts by a sliding filament mechanism.
GO:0030016
xenopus_anatomy
striated muscle fibre
XAO:0005311
myofibril
The contractile element of skeletal and cardiac muscle; a long, highly organized bundle of actin, myosin, and other proteins that contracts by a sliding filament mechanism.
GO:0030016
The midline of aligned thick filaments in a sarcomere; location of specific proteins that link thick filaments. Depending on muscle type the M band consists of different numbers of M lines.
GO:0031430
M line
xenopus_anatomy
mesophragma
XAO:0005312
M band
The midline of aligned thick filaments in a sarcomere; location of specific proteins that link thick filaments. Depending on muscle type the M band consists of different numbers of M lines.
GO:0031430
The part of the cytoskeleton (the internal framework of a cell) composed of actin and associated proteins. Includes actin cytoskeleton-associated complexes.
GO:0015629
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005313
actin cytoskeleton
The part of the cytoskeleton (the internal framework of a cell) composed of actin and associated proteins. Includes actin cytoskeleton-associated complexes.
GO:0015629
Either of the paired endochondral bones forming the anterior and lateral walls of the otic capsules.
UBERON:0004746
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005314
prootic bone
Either of the paired endochondral bones forming the anterior and lateral walls of the otic capsules.
UBERON:0004746
Vein that is part of the periocular region.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005315
retinal vein
Vein that is part of the periocular region.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Head mesenchyme that is part of the periocular region.
POM
xenopus_anatomy
ventronasal periocular mesenchyme
XAO:0005316
periocular mesenchyme
Head mesenchyme that is part of the periocular region.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
A prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell.
neuron process
neuron protrusion
neuronal cell projection
neurite
xenopus_anatomy
nerve fiber
XAO:0005317
neuron projection
A prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell.
GO:0043005
The portion of the actin cytoskeleton, comprising filamentous actin and associated proteins, that lies just beneath the plasma membrane.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005318
cortical actin cytoskeleton
The portion of the actin cytoskeleton, comprising filamentous actin and associated proteins, that lies just beneath the plasma membrane.
GO:0030864
A filamentous structure formed of a two-stranded helical polymer of the protein actin and associated proteins. Actin filaments are a major component of the contractile apparatus of skeletal muscle and the microfilaments of the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells.
microfilament
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005319
actin filament
A filamentous structure formed of a two-stranded helical polymer of the protein actin and associated proteins. Actin filaments are a major component of the contractile apparatus of skeletal muscle and the microfilaments of the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells.
GO:0005884
A multi-tissue structure consisting of bone and soft tissue that forms a part of the roof of the oral cavity.
UBERON:0007375
xenopus_anatomy
palate
palatum
primary palate
XAO:0005320
roof of mouth
A multi-tissue structure consisting of bone and soft tissue that forms a part of the roof of the oral cavity.
UBERON:0007375
Region of the face between the two inner (medial) canthi of the eye.
xenopus_anatomy
inter-canthal line
XAO:0005321
intercanthal region
Region of the face between the two inner (medial) canthi of the eye.
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1074-8103
An organism at the tadpole stage.
UBERON:0002547
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005322
tadpole
An organism at the tadpole stage.
UBERON:0002547
An immature cell which typically differentiates to form a mature lymphocyte.
CL:0017005
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005323
lymphoblast
An immature cell which typically differentiates to form a mature lymphocyte.
Xenbase:Staff
Ganglion that develops from a cranial ectodermal placode and contains sensory neurons that innervate the anterior lateral line system.
xenopus_anatomy
anterior lateral line ganglia
XAO:0005324
anterior lateral line ganglion
Ganglion that develops from a cranial ectodermal placode and contains sensory neurons that innervate the anterior lateral line system.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
anterior lateral line ganglia
Subdomain that occupies the dorso-lateral portion of a somite and comprises tendon progenitor cells. It is located between the neighboring sclerotome and myotome, at the future site of connection between bone and muscle, and gives rise to the axial tendons of the body.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005325
syndetome
Subdomain that occupies the dorso-lateral portion of a somite and comprises tendon progenitor cells. It is located between the neighboring sclerotome and myotome, at the future site of connection between bone and muscle, and gives rise to the axial tendons of the body.
https://discovery.lifemapsc.com/in-vivo-development/somite/syndetome
An arrangement of closely apposed microtubules running parallel to each other in the axon hillock and initial segment.
GO:1901589
axon microtubule fascicle
microtubule bundle of axon
microtubule fascicle of axon
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005326
axon microtubule bundle
An arrangement of closely apposed microtubules running parallel to each other in the axon hillock and initial segment.
GO:1901589
Neural crest comprising sacral, vagal, and trunk neural crest.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005327
chordal neural crest
Neural crest comprising sacral, vagal, and trunk neural crest.
Xenbase:Staff
A wall, dividing a cavity or structure into smaller ones.
UBERON:0003037
xenopus_anatomy
septa
XAO:0005422
septum
A wall, dividing a cavity or structure into smaller ones.
UBERON:0003037
septa
The anterior portion of the notochord.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005423
anterior notochord
The anterior portion of the notochord.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The posterior portion of the notochord.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005424
posterior notochord
The posterior portion of the notochord.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Temporary septum formed from epithelial tissue dividing the esophagus from the trachea. After mesenchymal invasion this gives rise to the permanent tissue separating the esophagus from the trachea.
transient TES
xenopus_anatomy
esophagotracheal septum
tracheoesophageal septum
XAO:0005425
transient tracheoesophageal septum
Temporary septum formed from epithelial tissue dividing the esophagus from the trachea. After mesenchymal invasion this gives rise to the permanent tissue separating the esophagus from the trachea.
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1074-8103
Any of the longitudinal folds in the respiratory diverticulum that fuse to form the tracheoesophageal septum, which separates the esophagus from the trachea.
xenopus_anatomy
tracheoesophageal crest
tracheoesophageal folds
tracheoesophageal ridge
XAO:0005426
tracheoesophageal fold
Any of the longitudinal folds in the respiratory diverticulum that fuse to form the tracheoesophageal septum, which separates the esophagus from the trachea.
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1074-8103
tracheoesophageal folds
A cell-cell junction in which: on the cytoplasmic surface of each interacting plasma membrane is a dense plaque composed of a mixture of intracellular anchor proteins; a bundle of keratin intermediate filaments is attached to the surface of each plaque; transmembrane adhesion proteins of the cadherin family bind to the plaques and interact through their extracellular domains to hold the adjacent membranes together by a Ca2+-dependent mechanism.
GO:0030057
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005500
desmosome
A cell-cell junction in which: on the cytoplasmic surface of each interacting plasma membrane is a dense plaque composed of a mixture of intracellular anchor proteins; a bundle of keratin intermediate filaments is attached to the surface of each plaque; transmembrane adhesion proteins of the cadherin family bind to the plaques and interact through their extracellular domains to hold the adjacent membranes together by a Ca2+-dependent mechanism.
GO:0030057
A tube extending from the mouth to the cloacal sphincter.
UBERON:0001555
xenopus_anatomy
GI tract
digestive tube
enteric tract
gastrointestinal tract
XAO:0005501
digestive tract
A tube extending from the mouth to the cloacal sphincter.
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1074-8103
A principle subdivision of the organism that includes all structures along the primary axis, typically the anterior-posterior axis, from head to tail, including structures of the body proper where present (for example, ribs), but excluding appendages.
UBERON:0013701
xenopus_anatomy
primary axis
XAO:0005502
main body axis
A principle subdivision of the organism that includes all structures along the primary axis, typically the anterior-posterior axis, from head to tail, including structures of the body proper where present (for example, ribs), but excluding appendages.
UBERON:0013701
Septum dividing the esophagus from the trachea.
UBERON:0036070
xenopus_anatomy
esophagotracheal septum
XAO:0005503
tracheoesophageal septum
Septum dividing the esophagus from the trachea.
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1074-8103
Structure comprising the tissues that surround the organs that are present within the abdominal cavity. The abdominal wall tissue is composed of layers of fat, parietal peritoneum, fascia, and muscles.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005504
abdominal wall
Structure comprising the tissues that surround the organs that are present within the abdominal cavity. The abdominal wall tissue is composed of layers of fat, parietal peritoneum, fascia, and muscles.
NCIt:Abdominal_Wall
Head region including the nostrils and surrounding tissue.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0005505
nasal region
Head region including the nostrils and surrounding tissue.
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1074-8103
A clear, colorless bodily fluid that occupies the subarachnoid space and the ventricular system around and inside the brain and spinal cord.
XAO:0005506
cerebrospinal fluid
A clear, colorless bodily fluid that occupies the subarachnoid space and the ventricular system around and inside the brain and spinal cord.
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1074-8103
A cell of the inner layer of the epidermis.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0006000
basal cell
A cell of the inner layer of the epidermis.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-4588
Lateral plate mesoderm that is located on the left side of the body.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0006001
lateral plate mesoderm, left side
Lateral plate mesoderm that is located on the left side of the body.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-4588
Lateral plate mesoderm that is located on the right side of the body.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0006002
lateral plate mesoderm, right side
Lateral plate mesoderm that is located on the right side of the body.
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-4588
The portion of a cell bearing surface projections such as axons, dendrites, cilia, or flagella that includes the nucleus, but excludes all cell projections.
GO:0044297
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0006003
cell body
The portion of a cell bearing surface projections such as axons, dendrites, cilia, or flagella that includes the nucleus, but excludes all cell projections.
GO:0044297
The portion of a neuron that includes the nucleus, but excludes cell projections such as axons and dendrites.
GO:0043025
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0006004
neuronal cell body
The portion of a neuron that includes the nucleus, but excludes cell projections such as axons and dendrites.
GO:0043025
The portion of a neuronal cell body (cell soma) that excludes the nucleus.
GO:0043204
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0006005
perikaryon
The portion of a neuronal cell body (cell soma) that excludes the nucleus.
GO:0043204
A thin cytoplasmic process/physical structure that bridges two cells (e.g., photoreceptor cells or retinal ganglion cells).
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0006006
cytoplasmic bridge
A thin cytoplasmic process/physical structure that bridges two cells (e.g., photoreceptor cells or retinal ganglion cells).
PMID:2795157
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-4588
An expansion of the terminal end of Müller cells, where the projection contacts a retinal ganglionic cell. Glial endfeet make a continuous layer directly beneath the basement membrane of retinal growth cones.
xenopus_anatomy
glial endfeet
XAO:0006007
glial endfoot
An expansion of the terminal end of Müller cells, where the projection contacts a retinal ganglionic cell. Glial endfeet make a continuous layer directly beneath the basement membrane of retinal growth cones.
PMID:2795157
glial endfeet
Type of retinal rod cell which has a cylindrical outer segment, an incisure, and likely has predominantly sealed disks.
xenopus_anatomy
green rods
XAO:0006008
green rod cell
Type of retinal rod cell which has a cylindrical outer segment, an incisure, and likely has predominantly sealed disks.
Xenbase:Staff
green rods
A modified non-motile cilium which functions as a light-detecting organelle in the retina. OS cilia have an extended membrane system which consists of arrayed membranous disks resembling a stack of coins. In rods/rod cells, these disks are discontinuous, being divided into lobules or "incisures", and are surrounded by a plasma membrane. In cones/cone cells, the disks and plasma membrane remain joined as one continuous membrane system and incisures are not present.
OS
xenopus_anatomy
outer segment cilia
XAO:0006009
outer segment cilium
A modified non-motile cilium which functions as a light-detecting organelle in the retina. OS cilia have an extended membrane system which consists of arrayed membranous disks resembling a stack of coins. In rods/rod cells, these disks are discontinuous, being divided into lobules or "incisures", and are surrounded by a plasma membrane. In cones/cone cells, the disks and plasma membrane remain joined as one continuous membrane system and incisures are not present.
PMID:25616687
outer segment cilia
One of an array of membranous disks projecting from outer segment cilia. In rods/rod cells, these disks are discontinuous, being divided into lobules or "incisures", and are surrounded by a plasma membrane.
outer segment disc
xenopus_anatomy
OS disc
OS disk
photoreceptor disc
photoreceptor disk
XAO:0006010
outer segment disk
One of an array of membranous disks projecting from outer segment cilia. In rods/rod cells, these disks are discontinuous, being divided into lobules or "incisures", and are surrounded by a plasma membrane.
PMID:25616687
The subcellular component of iridophores with give these pigment cells their iridescent qualities.
GO:0043698
xenopus_anatomy
reflecting platelet
XAO:0006011
iridosome
The subcellular component of iridophores with give these pigment cells their iridescent qualities.
GO:0043698
A non-terminally differentiated cell which originates from the neural crest and differentiates into an iridophore.
CL:0005001
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0006012
iridoblast
A non-terminally differentiated cell which originates from the neural crest and differentiates into an iridophore.
CL:0005001
Pteridine-containing subcellular compartment of xanthophores.
GO:0043700
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0006013
pterinosome
Pteridine-containing subcellular compartment of xanthophores.
GO:0043700
A raised callus of cornified epidermis used by the male frog to hold the female during mating.
UBERON:0012243
xenopus_anatomy
thumb pad
XAO:0006014
nuptial pad
A raised callus of cornified epidermis used by the male frog to hold the female during mating.
UBERON:0012243
A modified mucous gland that is part of the nuptial pad and aids the male frog in maintaining amplexus during mating.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0006015
breeding gland
A modified mucous gland that is part of the nuptial pad and aids the male frog in maintaining amplexus during mating.
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1074-8103
Region of liver parenchyma immediately below the capsule. This region is frequently specified in pathology diagnoses. It is thought to be the principal hematopoietic site of Xenopodinae species from early development and, in case of certain species, into adulthood.
UBERON:8400024
xenopus_anatomy
peripheral liver
XAO:0006016
subcapsular liver
Region of liver parenchyma immediately below the capsule. This region is frequently specified in pathology diagnoses. It is thought to be the principal hematopoietic site of Xenopodinae species from early development and, in case of certain species, into adulthood.
PMID:30151774
UBERON:8400024
A non-terminally differentiated cell that differentiates into a xanthophore.
CL:0005002
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0006017
xanthoblast
A non-terminally differentiated cell that differentiates into a xanthophore.
CL:0005002
A light gray region on the dorsal surface of a fertilized oocyte. It is fully formed by the beginning of the first cleavage, and forms as a result of cortical rotation of the intermal cytoplasm and occurs opposite the sperm entry point. It is later the site where the Spemann organizer will form at the gastrula stage.
xenopus_anatomy
dorsal crescent
XAO:0006018
gray crescent
A light gray region on the dorsal surface of a fertilized oocyte. It is fully formed by the beginning of the first cleavage, and forms as a result of cortical rotation of the intermal cytoplasm and occurs opposite the sperm entry point. It is later the site where the Spemann organizer will form at the gastrula stage.
Xenbase:Staff
A type of endosome in which regions of the limiting endosomal membrane invaginate to form internal vesicles; membrane proteins that enter the internal vesicles are sequestered from the cytoplasm. In oocytes, multivesicular bodies are abundant on the dorsal side of the NF stage 7 (64-cell) embryos (as a result of cortical rotation) are are frequently surrounded by clouds of smaller, darker cytoplasmic membranes that may represent cytoplasmic determinants.
GO:0005771
xenopus_anatomy
MVB
XAO:0006019
multivesicular body
A type of endosome in which regions of the limiting endosomal membrane invaginate to form internal vesicles; membrane proteins that enter the internal vesicles are sequestered from the cytoplasm. In oocytes, multivesicular bodies are abundant on the dorsal side of the NF stage 7 (64-cell) embryos (as a result of cortical rotation) are are frequently surrounded by clouds of smaller, darker cytoplasmic membranes that may represent cytoplasmic determinants.
GO:0005771
PMID:37983969
A membrane-bounded organelle that receives incoming material from primary endocytic vesicles that have been generated by clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent endocytosis; vesicles fuse with the early endosome to deliver cargo for sorting into recycling or degradation pathways.
GO:0005769
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0006020
early endosome
A membrane-bounded organelle that receives incoming material from primary endocytic vesicles that have been generated by clathrin-dependent and clathrin-independent endocytosis; vesicles fuse with the early endosome to deliver cargo for sorting into recycling or degradation pathways.
GO:0005769
A red blood cell that is produced in the liver.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0006021
hepatic erythrocyte
A red blood cell that is produced in the liver.
PMID:37305914
Myeloid mononuclear recirculating lymphocyte (a.k.a. a leukocyte) that can act as a precursor of tissue macrophages, osteoclasts, and some populations of tissue dendritic cells.
CL:0000576
xenopus_anatomy
dendritic cell precursor
XAO:0006022
monocyte
Myeloid mononuclear recirculating lymphocyte (a.k.a. a leukocyte) that can act as a precursor of tissue macrophages, osteoclasts, and some populations of tissue dendritic cells.
CL:0000576
A hematopoietic progenitor cell which gives rise to dendritic cells.
CL:0001029
xenopus_anatomy
CDP
common dendritic cell precursor
XAO:0006023
common dendritic progenitor
A hematopoietic progenitor cell which gives rise to dendritic cells.
CL:0001029
PMID:37305914
A cell of hematopoietic origin, typically resident in particular tissues, specialized in the uptake, processing, and transport of antigens to lymph nodes for the purpose of stimulating an immune response via T cell activation.
CL:0000451
xenopus_anatomy
DC
interdigitating cell
veiled cell
XAO:0006024
dendritic cell
A cell of hematopoietic origin, typically resident in particular tissues, specialized in the uptake, processing, and transport of antigens to lymph nodes for the purpose of stimulating an immune response via T cell activation.
CL:0000451
PMID:37305914
A cell with extensive dendritic processes found in the B cell areas (primary follicles and germinal centers) of lymphoid tissue.
CL:0000442
xenopus_anatomy
FDC
XAO:0006025
follicular dendritic cell
A cell with extensive dendritic processes found in the B cell areas (primary follicles and germinal centers) of lymphoid tissue.
CL:0000442
An oligopotent progenitor cell committed to the lymphoid lineage.
CL:0000051
xenopus_anatomy
CLP
common lymphoid progenitor
lymphoid stem cell
XAO:0006026
common lymphocyte progenitor
An oligopotent progenitor cell committed to the lymphoid lineage.
CL:0000051
PMID:37305914
A progenitor cell that is part of the immune system, develops from the common myeloid progenitor, and develops into a granulocyte, macrophage, dendritic cell, basophil, eosinophil, or neutrophil.
xenopus_anatomy
GMP
XAO:0006027
granulocyte/macrophage precursor
A progenitor cell that is part of the immune system, develops from the common myeloid progenitor, and develops into a granulocyte, macrophage, dendritic cell, basophil, eosinophil, or neutrophil.
PMID:37305914
A progenitor cell that is part of the immune system and develops into a macrophage.
cMoP
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0006028
common monocyte/macrophage precursor
A progenitor cell that is part of the immune system and develops into a macrophage.
PMID:37305914
A progenitor cell that is part of the hematological system and develops into a megakaryocyte or erythrocyte.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0006029
megakaryocyte/erythrocyte precursor
A progenitor cell that is part of the hematological system and develops into a megakaryocyte or erythrocyte.
PMID:37305914
A large hematopoietic cell (50 to 100 microns) with a lobed nucleus. Once mature, it undergoes multiple rounds of endomitosis and cytoplasmic restructuring to allow platelet formation and release.
CL:0000556
xenopus_anatomy
megacaryocyte
megalokaryocyte
XAO:0006030
megakaryocyte
A large hematopoietic cell (50 to 100 microns) with a lobed nucleus. Once mature, it undergoes multiple rounds of endomitosis and cytoplasmic restructuring to allow platelet formation and release.
CL:0000556
A tissue-resident macrophage of the reticuloendothelial system found on the luminal surface of the hepatic sinusoids (liver), involved in erythrocyte clearance.
CL:0000091
xenopus_anatomy
hepatic macrophage
XAO:0006031
Kupffer cell
A tissue-resident macrophage of the reticuloendothelial system found on the luminal surface of the hepatic sinusoids (liver), involved in erythrocyte clearance.
CL:0000091
A myeloid progenitor cell committed to the monocyte lineage.
monopoietic cell
CL:0000040
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0006034
monoblast
A myeloid progenitor cell committed to the monocyte lineage.
CL:0000040
A giioblast cell that develops from a migratory neural crest cell. It is embedded among neurons (axons) with minimal extracellular spaces separating them from nerve cell membranes and has no basal lamina.
CL:0002375
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0006035
Schwann cell precursor
A giioblast cell that develops from a migratory neural crest cell. It is embedded among neurons (axons) with minimal extracellular spaces separating them from nerve cell membranes and has no basal lamina.
CL:0002375
A glial cell that develops from a Schwann cell precursor.
CL:0002377
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0006036
immature Schwann cell
A glial cell that develops from a Schwann cell precursor.
CL:0002377
PMID:37305914
A neuroglial cell of the peripheral nervous system which forms the insulating myelin sheaths of peripheral axons.
CL:0000218
xenopus_anatomy
neurilemmal cell
peripheral neuroglial cell
XAO:0006037
myelinating Schwann cell
A neuroglial cell of the peripheral nervous system which forms the insulating myelin sheaths of peripheral axons.
CL:0000218
PMID:37305914
A glial cell that ensheaths multiple small diameter axons in the peripheral nervous system. It is embedded among neurons (axons) with minimal extracellular spaces separating them from nerve cell membranes and has a basal lamina.
CL:0002376
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0006038
non-myelinating Schwann cell
A glial cell that ensheaths multiple small diameter axons in the peripheral nervous system. It is embedded among neurons (axons) with minimal extracellular spaces separating them from nerve cell membranes and has a basal lamina.
CL:0002376
PMID:37305914
A mature osteoblast that has become embedded in the bone matrix. These cells occupy a small cavity, called lacuna, in the matrix and are connected to adjacent osteocytes via protoplasmic projections called canaliculi.
CL:0000137
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0006040
osteocyte
A mature osteoblast that has become embedded in the bone matrix. These cells occupy a small cavity, called lacuna, in the matrix and are connected to adjacent osteocytes via protoplasmic projections called canaliculi.
CL:0000137
Cell type that primarily composes adipose tissue, specialized in storing energy as fat.
CL:0000136
xenopus_anatomy
adipose cell
fat cell
XAO:0006041
adipocyte
Cell type that primarily composes adipose tissue, specialized in storing energy as fat.
Wikipedia:Adipocyte
A cell found in the bone marrow. This can include fibroblasts, macrophages, adipocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, endothelial cells and hematopoietic cells.
CL:0002092
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0006042
bone marrow cell
A cell found in the bone marrow. This can include fibroblasts, macrophages, adipocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts, endothelial cells and hematopoietic cells.
CL:0002092
A progenitor cell committed to a myeloid lineage, including the megakaryocyte and erythroid lineages.
xenopus_anatomy
CMP
common myeloid precursor
multipotential myeloid stem cell
myeloid stem cell
XAO:0006043
common myeloid progenitor
A progenitor cell committed to a myeloid lineage, including the megakaryocyte and erythroid lineages.
PMID:37305914
A leukocyte with abundant cytoplasmic granules.
CL:0000094
xenopus_anatomy
Gran
XAO:0006044
granulocyte
A leukocyte with abundant cytoplasmic granules.
CL:0000094
PMID:38439531
A type of granulocyte responsible for inflammatory reactions during immune response.
CL:0000767
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0006045
basophil
A type of granulocyte responsible for inflammatory reactions during immune response.
Wikipedia:Basophil
Any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte with a nucleus that usually has two lobes connected by one or more slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing coarse, round granules that are uniform in size.
CL:0000771
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0006046
eosinophil
Any of the immature or mature forms of a granular leukocyte with a nucleus that usually has two lobes connected by one or more slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing coarse, round granules that are uniform in size.
CL:0000771
A neuron-like cell, often with atypical dentric knobs, seen in the olfactory epithelium of the olfactory bulb, and which are S100Z-positive, the axons of which extend/push into the olfactory nerve.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0006047
bipolar cell
A neuron-like cell, often with atypical dentric knobs, seen in the olfactory epithelium of the olfactory bulb, and which are S100Z-positive, the axons of which extend/push into the olfactory nerve.
PMID:38439531
Xenbase:Staff
A major cell type which expresses cytokeratin type II, seen in the olfactory epithelium. The typical morphology has an apical cell soma (cell body) position and thin processes connecting to the basal lamina of the main olfcatory epithelium.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0006048
supporting cell
A major cell type which expresses cytokeratin type II, seen in the olfactory epithelium. The typical morphology has an apical cell soma (cell body) position and thin processes connecting to the basal lamina of the main olfcatory epithelium.
PMID:38439531
Xenbase:Staff
A type of cell that has microvilli-like structures and is situated in the olfactory epithelium.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0006049
microvillous-like cell
A type of cell that has microvilli-like structures and is situated in the olfactory epithelium.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
A stem cell that is located in the crypt of Liberkuhn, the tubular intestinal glands found in the mucosal membranes.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0006050
crypt cell
A stem cell that is located in the crypt of Liberkuhn, the tubular intestinal glands found in the mucosal membranes.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Immune system that responds broadly and fast (e.g., within hours) upon infection or injury, producing and secreting various compounds (antimicrobial peptides, interferon) and activating cellular defense such as cell-mediated cytotoxicity by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytosis by neutrophils and macrophages. Innate immunity generally refers to any type of host responses elicited by receptor-encoded genes/gene families.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0006051
innate immune system
Immune system that responds broadly and fast (e.g., within hours) upon infection or injury, producing and secreting various compounds (antimicrobial peptides, interferon) and activating cellular defense such as cell-mediated cytotoxicity by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytosis by neutrophils and macrophages. Innate immunity generally refers to any type of host responses elicited by receptor-encoded genes/gene families.
PMID:37305914
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5495-4588
Subsystem of the immune system that is composed of specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate pathogens or prevent their growth.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0006052
adaptive immune system
Subsystem of the immune system that is composed of specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate pathogens or prevent their growth.
Wikipedia:Adaptive_immune_system
A cluster of lobe-like projections of glomeruli within the glomerular layer of the ofactory bulb, each cluster being referred to by their directionality (e.g. medial vs. lateral, and/or relative size, e.g. small vs. intermediate). Olfactory receptor neuron axons (ORNs, yellow) incoming from the olfactory nerve (ON) form distinct medial (MC), intermediate (IC), and lateral (LC) clusters in the glomerular layer.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0006053
glomerular cluster
A cluster of lobe-like projections of glomeruli within the glomerular layer of the ofactory bulb, each cluster being referred to by their directionality (e.g. medial vs. lateral, and/or relative size, e.g. small vs. intermediate). Olfactory receptor neuron axons (ORNs, yellow) incoming from the olfactory nerve (ON) form distinct medial (MC), intermediate (IC), and lateral (LC) clusters in the glomerular layer.
PMID:38439531
Xenbase:Staff
The larger, laterally projecting, lobe-like cluster of glomeruli within the glomerular layer of the ofactory bulb.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0006054
intermediate cluster
The larger, laterally projecting, lobe-like cluster of glomeruli within the glomerular layer of the ofactory bulb.
PMID:38439531
Xenbase:Staff
The medially projecting, lobe-like cluster of glomeruli within the glomerular layer of the ofactory bulb.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0006055
medial cluster
The medially projecting, lobe-like cluster of glomeruli within the glomerular layer of the ofactory bulb.
PMID:38439531
Xenbase:Staff
The smaller of two lobe-like clusters of glomeruli within the glomerular layer of the ofactory bulb.
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0006056
lateral cluster
The smaller of two lobe-like clusters of glomeruli within the glomerular layer of the ofactory bulb.
PMID:38439531
Xenbase:Staff
XAO:0003260
xenopus_anatomy
XAO:0006057
obsolete erythrocyte
true
A temporal interval that defines Xenopus life from unfertilized egg to adult and death stages.
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000000
Xenopus developmental stage
A temporal interval that defines Xenopus life from unfertilized egg to adult and death stages.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 1, corresponding to an embryo of age 0 hr and having the following external morphological criteria: One cell stage, shortly after fertilization. Pigmentation darker ventrally than dorsally. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
UBERON:0000106
xenopus_developmental_stage
zygote
XAO:1000001
NF stage 1
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 1, corresponding to an embryo of age 0 hr and having the following external morphological criteria: One cell stage, shortly after fertilization. Pigmentation darker ventrally than dorsally. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
ISBN:0815318960
Tailbud stage that refers to the earlier events associated with this stage, comprising Nieuwkoop and Faber stages 22 to 28.
early tailbud
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000002
early tailbud stage
Tailbud stage that refers to the earlier events associated with this stage, comprising Nieuwkoop and Faber stages 22 to 28.
Bgee:curator
ISBN:0815318960
Embryonic stage during which the solid morula acquires an internal cavity, comprising Nieuwkoop and Faber stages 7 to 9.
UBERON:0000108
blastula
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000003
blastula stage
Embryonic stage during which the solid morula acquires an internal cavity, comprising Nieuwkoop and Faber stages 7 to 9.
ISBN:0471209627
ISBN:0815318960
Embryonic stage during which the zygote undergoes synchronous divisions into 2, 4, 8, 16, etc. blastomeres, comprising Nieuwkoop and Faber stages 2 to 6.5.
UBERON:0000107
cleavage
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000004
cleavage stage
Embryonic stage during which the zygote undergoes synchronous divisions into 2, 4, 8, 16, etc. blastomeres, comprising Nieuwkoop and Faber stages 2 to 6.5.
ISBN:0471209627
ISBN:0815318960
Embryonic stage during which gastrulation takes place, with a proportion of cells migrating below the surface of the embryo to form two inner layers (endoderm and mesoderm) and the cells which remain outside spreading over the whole surface of the embryo to form the ectoderm; comprising Nieuwkoop and Faber stages 10 to 12.5.
UBERON:0000109
gastrula
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000005
gastrula stage
Embryonic stage during which gastrulation takes place, with a proportion of cells migrating below the surface of the embryo to form two inner layers (endoderm and mesoderm) and the cells which remain outside spreading over the whole surface of the embryo to form the ectoderm; comprising Nieuwkoop and Faber stages 10 to 12.5.
ISBN:0471209627
ISBN:0815318960
Embryonic stage during which the future nervous system appears as a thickened plate in dorsal ectoderm, the plate then rolling up at its sides to form a tube; comprising Nieuwkoop and Faber stages 13 to 21.
UBERON:0000110
neurula
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000006
neurula stage
Embryonic stage during which the future nervous system appears as a thickened plate in dorsal ectoderm, the plate then rolling up at its sides to form a tube; comprising Nieuwkoop and Faber stages 13 to 21.
ISBN:0471209627
ISBN:0815318960
Embryonic stage during which neurulation is completed and tail formation begins, visible by an emerging tail primordium; comprising Nieuwkoop and Faber stages 22 to 44 (feeding), including the beginning of hatching (NF stage 35/36).
UBERON:0009741
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000007
tailbud stage
Embryonic stage during which neurulation is completed and tail formation begins, visible by an emerging tail primordium; comprising Nieuwkoop and Faber stages 22 to 44 (feeding), including the beginning of hatching (NF stage 35/36).
DOI:10.1038/nrg1347
ISBN:0815318960
The post-embryonic Xenopus developmental stage from feeding to the end of metamorphosis, encompassing Weisz's first-form tadpole (equivalent to Nieuwkoop and Faber 45 to 49), second-form tadpole (NF 49 to 56) and third-form tadpole (NF 56 to 60-plus) stages.
UBERON:0009849
tadpole
xenopus_developmental_stage
larva
larval stage
XAO:1000008
tadpole stage
The post-embryonic Xenopus developmental stage from feeding to the end of metamorphosis, encompassing Weisz's first-form tadpole (equivalent to Nieuwkoop and Faber 45 to 49), second-form tadpole (NF 49 to 56) and third-form tadpole (NF 56 to 60-plus) stages.
ISBN:0471209627
ISSN:0003-276X
XAO:1000093
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000009
obsolete frog
true
Xenopus developmental stage that corresponds to a sexually immature post-tadpole animal.
UBERON:0000112
juvenile frog
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000010
juvenile frog stage
Xenopus developmental stage that corresponds to a sexually immature post-tadpole animal.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 2, corresponding to an embryo of age 1 hr 30 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Advanced two cell stage. First cleavage groove has reached vegetal pole. Ventral side of blastomeres darker than dorsal side. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
UBERON:0007232
2-cell stage
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000011
NF stage 2 (2-cell)
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 2, corresponding to an embryo of age 1 hr 30 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Advanced two cell stage. First cleavage groove has reached vegetal pole. Ventral side of blastomeres darker than dorsal side. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
ISBN:0815318960
Xenopus developmental stage that starts with fertilization and ends with the formed feeding larva.
UBERON:0000068
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000012
embryonic stage
Xenopus developmental stage that starts with fertilization and ends with the formed feeding larva.
Bgee:curator
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 3, corresponding to an embryo of age 2 hr at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Advanced four-cell stage. Second cleavage groove has reached vegetal pole. In animal view dorsal blastomeres usually smaller than ventral ones; the latter darker than the former. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
UBERON:0007233
4-cell stage
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000013
NF stage 3 (4-cell)
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 3, corresponding to an embryo of age 2 hr at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Advanced four-cell stage. Second cleavage groove has reached vegetal pole. In animal view dorsal blastomeres usually smaller than ventral ones; the latter darker than the former. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 4, corresponding to an embryo of age 2 hr 15 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Advanced eight cell stage. Dorsal micro- and macromeres usually smaller than ventral ones; dorsal micromeres less pigmented than ventral ones. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
UBERON:0007236
8-cell stage
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000014
NF stage 4 (8-cell)
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 4, corresponding to an embryo of age 2 hr 15 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Advanced eight cell stage. Dorsal micro- and macromeres usually smaller than ventral ones; dorsal micromeres less pigmented than ventral ones. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 5, corresponding to an embryo of age 2 hr 45 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Advanced sixteen cell stage. Dorsal micromeres distinctly smaller and less pigmented than ventral ones. Macromeres entirely separated by cleavage grooves. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
16-cell stage
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000015
NF stage 5 (16-cell)
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 5, corresponding to an embryo of age 2 hr 45 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Advanced sixteen cell stage. Dorsal micromeres distinctly smaller and less pigmented than ventral ones. Macromeres entirely separated by cleavage grooves. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 6, corresponding to an embryo of age 3 hr at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Advanced thirty-two cell stage. Distinction between dorsal and ventral micromeres as in preceding stage. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
32-cell stage
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000016
NF stage 6 (32-cell)
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 6, corresponding to an embryo of age 3 hr at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Advanced thirty-two cell stage. Distinction between dorsal and ventral micromeres as in preceding stage. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 7 (64-cell stage), corresponding to an embryo of age 4 hr at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Large-cell blastula stage. In animal view about 10 micromeres along meridian. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
64-cell stage
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000017
NF stage 7
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 7 (64-cell stage), corresponding to an embryo of age 4 hr at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Large-cell blastula stage. In animal view about 10 micromeres along meridian. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 8 (128-cell stage), corresponding to an embryo of age 5 hr at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Medium-cell blastula stage. Surface not yet entirely smooth. Border of animal pigment cap more diffuse at dorsal than at lateral and ventral sides. Gradual transition in cell size from animal to vegetative pole. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
128-cell stage
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000018
NF stage 8
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 8 (128-cell stage), corresponding to an embryo of age 5 hr at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Medium-cell blastula stage. Surface not yet entirely smooth. Border of animal pigment cap more diffuse at dorsal than at lateral and ventral sides. Gradual transition in cell size from animal to vegetative pole. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 9, corresponding to an embryo of age 7 hr at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Fine-cell blastula stage. Animal cells smaller at dorsal than at ventral side. Border between marginal zone and vegetative field distinct, particularly dorsally, owing to difference in cell size. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000019
NF stage 9
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 9, corresponding to an embryo of age 7 hr at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Fine-cell blastula stage. Animal cells smaller at dorsal than at ventral side. Border between marginal zone and vegetative field distinct, particularly dorsally, owing to difference in cell size. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 10, corresponding to an embryo of age 9 hr at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Initial gastrula stage. First indication of blastopore only by pigment concentration. No formation of groove. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000020
NF stage 10
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 10, corresponding to an embryo of age 9 hr at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Initial gastrula stage. First indication of blastopore only by pigment concentration. No formation of groove. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 11, corresponding to an embryo of age 11 hr 45 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Horse-shoe-shaped blastopore stage. Blastopore groove surrounding about half of future yolk plug and indicated at its ventral side; future yolk plug often rounded rectangular, slightly elongated in dorso-ventral direction, diameter more than two-fifths of diameter of egg (plus or minus 50 degrees of circumference). Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000021
NF stage 11
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 11, corresponding to an embryo of age 11 hr 45 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Horse-shoe-shaped blastopore stage. Blastopore groove surrounding about half of future yolk plug and indicated at its ventral side; future yolk plug often rounded rectangular, slightly elongated in dorso-ventral direction, diameter more than two-fifths of diameter of egg (plus or minus 50 degrees of circumference). Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 12, corresponding to an embryo of age 13 hr 15 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Medium yolk plug stage. Yolk plug circular; diameter somewhat less than one fourth of diameter of egg (plus or minus 25 degrees). More and less pigmented fields radiating from yolk plug. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000022
NF stage 12
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 12, corresponding to an embryo of age 13 hr 15 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Medium yolk plug stage. Yolk plug circular; diameter somewhat less than one fourth of diameter of egg (plus or minus 25 degrees). More and less pigmented fields radiating from yolk plug. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 13, corresponding to an embryo of age 14 hr 45 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Slit-blastopore stage. Neural plate faintly delimited; slight elevation of its rostral part and slight flattening of its caudal part. Caudal part of median groove formed. Length: 1.5 - 1.6 mm.
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000023
NF stage 13
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 13, corresponding to an embryo of age 14 hr 45 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Slit-blastopore stage. Neural plate faintly delimited; slight elevation of its rostral part and slight flattening of its caudal part. Caudal part of median groove formed. Length: 1.5 - 1.6 mm.
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 14, corresponding to an embryo of age 16 hr 15 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Neural plate stage. Cerebral part of neural plate bent downwards, with median elevation at rostral end of median groove. Initial elevation of neural folds, most pronounced in future nucal region. Blastopore always slit-shaped. Length: 1.5 - 1.6 mm.
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000024
NF stage 14
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 14, corresponding to an embryo of age 16 hr 15 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Neural plate stage. Cerebral part of neural plate bent downwards, with median elevation at rostral end of median groove. Initial elevation of neural folds, most pronounced in future nucal region. Blastopore always slit-shaped. Length: 1.5 - 1.6 mm.
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 15, corresponding to an embryo of age 17 hr 30 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Early neural fold stage. Presumptive cement gland faintly circumscribed. Anterior part of neural plate roundish. Neural folds distinct, except medio-rostrally; initial formation of sharp inner ridges on neural folds in rhombencephalic region. Length: 1.5 - 1.6 mm.
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000025
NF stage 15
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 15, corresponding to an embryo of age 17 hr 30 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Early neural fold stage. Presumptive cement gland faintly circumscribed. Anterior part of neural plate roundish. Neural folds distinct, except medio-rostrally; initial formation of sharp inner ridges on neural folds in rhombencephalic region. Length: 1.5 - 1.6 mm.
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 16, corresponding to an embryo of age 18 hr 15 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Mid neural fold stage. Anterior part of neural plate rectangular; darkly pigmented eye anlagen present; neural plate sharply constricted in the middle. Inner ridges on neural folds forming angle of about 90 degrees with neural plate in rhombencephalic region. Length: 1.5 - 1.6 mm.
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000026
NF stage 16
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 16, corresponding to an embryo of age 18 hr 15 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Mid neural fold stage. Anterior part of neural plate rectangular; darkly pigmented eye anlagen present; neural plate sharply constricted in the middle. Inner ridges on neural folds forming angle of about 90 degrees with neural plate in rhombencephalic region. Length: 1.5 - 1.6 mm.
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 17, corresponding to an embryo of age 18 hr 45 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Late neural fold stage. Anterior part of neural plate oblong triangular, angles formed by eye anlagen. Neural folds approaching each other from blastopore up to anterior trunk region. Length: 1.5 - 1.6 mm.
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000027
NF stage 17
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 17, corresponding to an embryo of age 18 hr 45 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Late neural fold stage. Anterior part of neural plate oblong triangular, angles formed by eye anlagen. Neural folds approaching each other from blastopore up to anterior trunk region. Length: 1.5 - 1.6 mm.
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 2-, corresponding to an embryo of age 1 hr 15 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Beginning of first cleavage. First cleavage groove has not yet reached vegetal pole. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000028
NF stage 2-
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 2-, corresponding to an embryo of age 1 hr 15 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Beginning of first cleavage. First cleavage groove has not yet reached vegetal pole. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 6.5, corresponding to an embryo of age 3 hr 30 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Morula stage. About 48 blastomeres. In animal view about 6 micromeres along meridian. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
UBERON:0000085
xenopus_developmental_stage
morula
XAO:1000029
NF stage 6.5
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 6.5, corresponding to an embryo of age 3 hr 30 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Morula stage. About 48 blastomeres. In animal view about 6 micromeres along meridian. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
ISBN:0815318960
morula
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 10.25, corresponding to an embryo of age 10 hr at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Early gastrula stage. First formation of dorsal blastopore groove; the groove is still straight. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
NF stage 10+
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000030
NF stage 10.25
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 10.25, corresponding to an embryo of age 10 hr at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Early gastrula stage. First formation of dorsal blastopore groove; the groove is still straight. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 10.5, corresponding to an embryo of age 11 hr at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Crescent-shaped blastopore stage. Blastopore groove angular. Vegetal field slightly decreased in size, ventral border of future yolk plug indicated by pigment contraction. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000031
NF stage 10.5
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 10.5, corresponding to an embryo of age 11 hr at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Crescent-shaped blastopore stage. Blastopore groove angular. Vegetal field slightly decreased in size, ventral border of future yolk plug indicated by pigment contraction. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 11.5, corresponding to an embryo of age 12 hr 30 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Large yolk plug stage. Blastopore groove closed ventrally; yolk plug not yet quite circular. At ventral side concentrated superficial pigment still visible. Diameter of yolk plug about a third of diameter of egg (plus or minus 40 degrees). Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000032
NF stage 11.5
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 11.5, corresponding to an embryo of age 12 hr 30 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Large yolk plug stage. Blastopore groove closed ventrally; yolk plug not yet quite circular. At ventral side concentrated superficial pigment still visible. Diameter of yolk plug about a third of diameter of egg (plus or minus 40 degrees). Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 12.5, corresponding to an embryo of age 14 hr 15 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Small yolk plug stage. Future position of neural plate and median groove indicated by darker pigment lines. Yolk plug usually ovoid, variable in size. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000033
NF stage 12.5
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 12.5, corresponding to an embryo of age 14 hr 15 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Small yolk plug stage. Future position of neural plate and median groove indicated by darker pigment lines. Yolk plug usually ovoid, variable in size. Length: 1.4 - 1.5 mm.
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 18, corresponding to an embryo of age 19 hr 45 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Neural groove stage. Anterior part of neural plate narrow, more or less club-shaped, often narrower towards rostral end. Parallel neural folds in trunk region very close to each other, not yet touching. Length: 1.5 - 1.6 mm.
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000034
NF stage 18
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 18, corresponding to an embryo of age 19 hr 45 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Neural groove stage. Anterior part of neural plate narrow, more or less club-shaped, often narrower towards rostral end. Parallel neural folds in trunk region very close to each other, not yet touching. Length: 1.5 - 1.6 mm.
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 19, corresponding to an embryo of age 20 hr 45 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Initial neural tube stage. Neural folds touching each other, except for inconstant openings at anterior and posterior end and behind nucal region. Considerable lateral extension of brain. Lateral outline of embryo still convex. Length: 1.5 - 1.6 mm.
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000035
NF stage 19
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 19, corresponding to an embryo of age 20 hr 45 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Initial neural tube stage. Neural folds touching each other, except for inconstant openings at anterior and posterior end and behind nucal region. Considerable lateral extension of brain. Lateral outline of embryo still convex. Length: 1.5 - 1.6 mm.
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 20, corresponding to an embryo of age 21 hr 45 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Neural folds fused, suture still present. The two eye anlagen showing through dumb-bell-shaped, eyes hardly protruding. Beginning of stretching of embryos. Lateral outline flat. Length: 1.7 - 1.8 mm.
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000036
NF stage 20
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 20, corresponding to an embryo of age 21 hr 45 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Neural folds fused, suture still present. The two eye anlagen showing through dumb-bell-shaped, eyes hardly protruding. Beginning of stretching of embryos. Lateral outline flat. Length: 1.7 - 1.8 mm.
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 21, corresponding to an embryo of age 22 hr 30 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Suture of neural tube completely closed. Delimitation of frontal field by pigment lines. Primary eye vesicles showing through in the form of two separate, obliquely placed oval spots; beginning of protrusion of eyes. Lateral outline of embryo just becoming concave, ventral outline flat. Length: 1.9 - 2.0 mm.
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000037
NF stage 21
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 21, corresponding to an embryo of age 22 hr 30 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Suture of neural tube completely closed. Delimitation of frontal field by pigment lines. Primary eye vesicles showing through in the form of two separate, obliquely placed oval spots; beginning of protrusion of eyes. Lateral outline of embryo just becoming concave, ventral outline flat. Length: 1.9 - 2.0 mm.
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 22, corresponding to an embryo of age 24 hr at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Distinct protrusion of eyes. Initial groove between jaw- and gill-areas only at latero-dorsal side. Lateral and ventral outlines of embryo slightly concave. Anal opening displaced to ventral side. Vitelline membrane becoming wider. Length: 2.0 - 2.2 mm.
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000038
NF stage 22
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 22, corresponding to an embryo of age 24 hr at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Distinct protrusion of eyes. Initial groove between jaw- and gill-areas only at latero-dorsal side. Lateral and ventral outlines of embryo slightly concave. Anal opening displaced to ventral side. Vitelline membrane becoming wider. Length: 2.0 - 2.2 mm.
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 23, corresponding to an embryo of age 1 day, 45 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Jaw- and gill-areas completely separated by groove. Ventral outline of embryo more concave. Length: 2.2 - 2.4 mm.
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000039
NF stage 23
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 23, corresponding to an embryo of age 1 day, 45 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Jaw- and gill-areas completely separated by groove. Ventral outline of embryo more concave. Length: 2.2 - 2.4 mm.
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 24, corresponding to an embryo of age 1 day, 2 hr 15 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Eyes protruding less far laterally than gill-area. Gill-area more prominent than jaw-area, gill-area not yet grooved. Ventral outline of embryo nicked. Tail bud discernible. Initial motor reactions to external stimulation. Length: 2.5 - 2.7 mm.
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000040
NF stage 24
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 24, corresponding to an embryo of age 1 day, 2 hr 15 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Eyes protruding less far laterally than gill-area. Gill-area more prominent than jaw-area, gill-area not yet grooved. Ventral outline of embryo nicked. Tail bud discernible. Initial motor reactions to external stimulation. Length: 2.5 - 2.7 mm.
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 25, corresponding to an embryo of age 1 day, 3 hr 30 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Eyes protruding equally far or further laterally than gill-area. Gill-area grooved. Invagination of otic vesicle indicated by pigment spot. Beginning of fin formation. Length: 2.8 - 3.0 mm.
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000041
NF stage 25
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 25, corresponding to an embryo of age 1 day, 3 hr 30 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Eyes protruding equally far or further laterally than gill-area. Gill-area grooved. Invagination of otic vesicle indicated by pigment spot. Beginning of fin formation. Length: 2.8 - 3.0 mm.
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 26, corresponding to an embryo of age 1 day, 5 hr 30 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Otic vesicle protruding. Pronephros distinctly visible. Myotomes showing through for the first time. Fin somewhat broadened at dorso-caudal end of body. Beginning of spontaneous movements. Length: 3.0 - 3.3 mm.
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000042
NF stage 26
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 26, corresponding to an embryo of age 1 day, 5 hr 30 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Otic vesicle protruding. Pronephros distinctly visible. Myotomes showing through for the first time. Fin somewhat broadened at dorso-caudal end of body. Beginning of spontaneous movements. Length: 3.0 - 3.3 mm.
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 27, corresponding to an embryo of age 1 day, 7 hr 15 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Lateral flattening of eyes. Fin transluscent, except for region behind anus. Tail bud formation accentuated in lateral outline. Length: 3.4 - 3.7 mm.
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000043
NF stage 27
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 27, corresponding to an embryo of age 1 day, 7 hr 15 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Lateral flattening of eyes. Fin transluscent, except for region behind anus. Tail bud formation accentuated in lateral outline. Length: 3.4 - 3.7 mm.
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 28, corresponding to an embryo of age 1 day, 8 hr 30 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Fin extending up to anus. Fin broadened and distinctly divided into outer transparent and inner translucent band. Length: 3.8 - 4.0 mm.
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000044
NF stage 28
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 28, corresponding to an embryo of age 1 day, 8 hr 30 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Fin extending up to anus. Fin broadened and distinctly divided into outer transparent and inner translucent band. Length: 3.8 - 4.0 mm.
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 29/30, corresponding to an embryo of age 1 day, 11 hr at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Gray eye cup showing through for the first time. Fin transparent up to the base over its whole length. Tail bud distinct. Length: 4.0 - 4.5 mm.
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000045
NF stage 29 and 30
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 29/30, corresponding to an embryo of age 1 day, 11 hr at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Gray eye cup showing through for the first time. Fin transparent up to the base over its whole length. Tail bud distinct. Length: 4.0 - 4.5 mm.
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 31, corresponding to an embryo of age 1 day, 13 hr 30 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Tail bud equally long as broad. Length: 4.2 - 4.8 mm.
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000046
NF stage 31
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 31, corresponding to an embryo of age 1 day, 13 hr 30 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Tail bud equally long as broad. Length: 4.2 - 4.8 mm.
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 32, corresponding to an embryo of age 1 day, 16 hr at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Eye cup horse-shoe-shaped, standing out distinctly. Length of tail bud about 1.5 times its breadth. Length: 4.5 - 5.1 mm.
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000047
NF stage 32
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 32, corresponding to an embryo of age 1 day, 16 hr at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Eye cup horse-shoe-shaped, standing out distinctly. Length of tail bud about 1.5 times its breadth. Length: 4.5 - 5.1 mm.
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 33/34, corresponding to an embryo of age 1 day, 20 hr 30 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Stomodeal invagination a shallow vertical groove. Dorsal part of eye more pigmented than ventral part; distinct melanophores in dorsal part. Melanophores appearing dorsally on the head and laterally in a row extending from just below the pronephros backwards. Length of tail bud about twice its breadth. Beginning of heart beat. Length: 4.7 - 5.3 mm.
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000048
NF stage 33 and 34
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 33/34, corresponding to an embryo of age 1 day, 20 hr 30 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Stomodeal invagination a shallow vertical groove. Dorsal part of eye more pigmented than ventral part; distinct melanophores in dorsal part. Melanophores appearing dorsally on the head and laterally in a row extending from just below the pronephros backwards. Length of tail bud about twice its breadth. Beginning of heart beat. Length: 4.7 - 5.3 mm.
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 35/36, corresponding to an embryo of age 2 days, 2 hr at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Stomodeal invagination roundish. Eye entirely black, choroid fissure nearly closed. Formation of two gill rudiments, anterior one nipple-shaped. Melanophores appearing on back. Posterior outline of proctodeum still curved. Length of tail bud about three times its breadth. Beginning of hatching. Length: 5.3 - 6.0 mm.
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000049
NF stage 35 and 36
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 35/36, corresponding to an embryo of age 2 days, 2 hr at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Stomodeal invagination roundish. Eye entirely black, choroid fissure nearly closed. Formation of two gill rudiments, anterior one nipple-shaped. Melanophores appearing on back. Posterior outline of proctodeum still curved. Length of tail bud about three times its breadth. Beginning of hatching. Length: 5.3 - 6.0 mm.
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 37/38, corresponding to an embryo of age 2 days, 5 hr 30 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Stomodeal invagination much deeper, opening round. Both gill rudiments nipple-shaped, a branch of the anterior one indicated. Posterior outline of proctodeum straight, forming very obtuse angle with ventral border of tail myotomes. Melanophores spreading over tail. Length: 5.6 - 6.2 mm.
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000050
NF stage 37 and 38
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 37/38, corresponding to an embryo of age 2 days, 5 hr 30 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Stomodeal invagination much deeper, opening round. Both gill rudiments nipple-shaped, a branch of the anterior one indicated. Posterior outline of proctodeum straight, forming very obtuse angle with ventral border of tail myotomes. Melanophores spreading over tail. Length: 5.6 - 6.2 mm.
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 39, corresponding to an embryo of age 2 days, 8 hr 30 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Melanophores appearing around nasal pits. Opening of stomodeal invagination transversely elongated. Melanophores on back arranged in a superficial and a deeper layer. Outlines of proctodeum and tail myotomes forming angle of about 135 degrees. Melanophores appearing along ventral edge of tail musculature. Length: 5.9 - 6.5 mm.
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000051
NF stage 39
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 39, corresponding to an embryo of age 2 days, 8 hr 30 min at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Melanophores appearing around nasal pits. Opening of stomodeal invagination transversely elongated. Melanophores on back arranged in a superficial and a deeper layer. Outlines of proctodeum and tail myotomes forming angle of about 135 degrees. Melanophores appearing along ventral edge of tail musculature. Length: 5.9 - 6.5 mm.
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 40, corresponding to an embryo of age 2 days, 18 hr at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Mouth broken through. Length of gills about twice their breadth, posterior one sometimes also showing a branch. Outlines of proctodeum and tail myotomes forming angles of 90 degrees. Beginning of blood circulation in gills. Length: 6.3 - 6.8 mm.
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000052
NF stage 40
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 40, corresponding to an embryo of age 2 days, 18 hr at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Mouth broken through. Length of gills about twice their breadth, posterior one sometimes also showing a branch. Outlines of proctodeum and tail myotomes forming angles of 90 degrees. Beginning of blood circulation in gills. Length: 6.3 - 6.8 mm.
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 41, corresponding to an embryo of age 3 days, 4 hr at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Gills broader and flatter, more laterally directed. Formation of a left-rostral and a right-caudal furrow in yolk mass; torsion of interjacent part about 45 degrees; formation of conical proctodeum, forming angle of about 60 degrees with tail myotomes. Formation of fin rostral to proctodeum; ventral outline of yolk mass and proctodeum a smooth concave line. Length: 6.7 - 7.5 mm.
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000053
NF stage 41
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 41, corresponding to an embryo of age 3 days, 4 hr at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Gills broader and flatter, more laterally directed. Formation of a left-rostral and a right-caudal furrow in yolk mass; torsion of interjacent part about 45 degrees; formation of conical proctodeum, forming angle of about 60 degrees with tail myotomes. Formation of fin rostral to proctodeum; ventral outline of yolk mass and proctodeum a smooth concave line. Length: 6.7 - 7.5 mm.
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 42, corresponding to an embryo of age 3 days, 8 hr at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Beginning of formation of opercular folds. Torsion of intestine about 90 degrees; proctodeum connected with yolk mass by short horizontal intestinal tube. Length: 7.0 - 7.7 mm.
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000054
NF stage 42
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 42, corresponding to an embryo of age 3 days, 8 hr at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Beginning of formation of opercular folds. Torsion of intestine about 90 degrees; proctodeum connected with yolk mass by short horizontal intestinal tube. Length: 7.0 - 7.7 mm.
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 43, corresponding to an embryo of age 3 days, 15 hr at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Lateral line system becoming visible externally. Cement gland losing its pigment. Torsion of intestine about 180 degrees; proctodeum narrower, arched or S-shaped. Length: 7.5 - 8.3 mm.
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000055
NF stage 43
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 43, corresponding to an embryo of age 3 days, 15 hr at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Lateral line system becoming visible externally. Cement gland losing its pigment. Torsion of intestine about 180 degrees; proctodeum narrower, arched or S-shaped. Length: 7.5 - 8.3 mm.
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 44, corresponding to an embryo of age 3 days, 20 hr at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Appearance of tentacle rudiments. Opercular folds protruding further. Coiling part of intestine showing S-shaped loop; torsion about 360 degrees. Blood-circulation in gills usually ceased (gills smaller). Length: 7.8 - 8.5 mm.
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000056
NF stage 44
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 44, corresponding to an embryo of age 3 days, 20 hr at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Appearance of tentacle rudiments. Opercular folds protruding further. Coiling part of intestine showing S-shaped loop; torsion about 360 degrees. Blood-circulation in gills usually ceased (gills smaller). Length: 7.8 - 8.5 mm.
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 45, corresponding to a tadpole of age 4 days, 2 hr at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Operculum partly covering gills, edge still straight. Intestine spiralized in ventral aspects, showing 1.5 revolutions. Beginning of feeding. Length: 8 - 10 mm.
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000057
NF stage 45
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 45, corresponding to a tadpole of age 4 days, 2 hr at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Operculum partly covering gills, edge still straight. Intestine spiralized in ventral aspects, showing 1.5 revolutions. Beginning of feeding. Length: 8 - 10 mm.
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 46, corresponding to a tadpole of age 4 days, 10 hr at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Edge of operculum becoming convex. Xantophores appearing on eye and abdomen. Intestine showing 2 to 2.5 revolutions. Hindlimb bud visible for the first time. Length: 9 - 12 mm.
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000058
NF stage 46
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 46, corresponding to a tadpole of age 4 days, 10 hr at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Edge of operculum becoming convex. Xantophores appearing on eye and abdomen. Intestine showing 2 to 2.5 revolutions. Hindlimb bud visible for the first time. Length: 9 - 12 mm.
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 47, corresponding to a tadpole of age 5 days, 12 hr at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Tentacles larger. Edge of operculum forming quarter of a circle. Xantophores forming opaque layer on abdomen. Intestine showing 2.5 to 3.5 revolutions. Hindlimb bud more distinct. Length: 12 - 15 mm.
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000059
NF stage 47
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 47, corresponding to a tadpole of age 5 days, 12 hr at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Tentacles larger. Edge of operculum forming quarter of a circle. Xantophores forming opaque layer on abdomen. Intestine showing 2.5 to 3.5 revolutions. Hindlimb bud more distinct. Length: 12 - 15 mm.
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 48, corresponding to a tadpole of age 7.5 days at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Beginning of pigmentation around n. acusticus. Forelimb bud visible for the first time. Shining gold-coloured abdomen. Hindlimb bud semicircular in lateral aspect. Length: 14 - 17 mm.
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000060
NF stage 48
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 48, corresponding to a tadpole of age 7.5 days at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Beginning of pigmentation around n. acusticus. Forelimb bud visible for the first time. Shining gold-coloured abdomen. Hindlimb bud semicircular in lateral aspect. Length: 14 - 17 mm.
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 49, corresponding to a tadpole of age about 12 days at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Melanophores usually appearing around thymus gland and nerves and blood vessels of head; xantophores appearing on pericard. Forelimb bud distinct. Hindlimb bud somewhat longer, distal outline still circular, no constrictions at base. Melanophores appearing on dorsal and ventral fin. Length: 17 - 23 mm.
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000061
NF stage 49
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 49, corresponding to a tadpole of age about 12 days at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Melanophores usually appearing around thymus gland and nerves and blood vessels of head; xantophores appearing on pericard. Forelimb bud distinct. Hindlimb bud somewhat longer, distal outline still circular, no constrictions at base. Melanophores appearing on dorsal and ventral fin. Length: 17 - 23 mm.
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 50, corresponding to a tadpole of age about 15 days at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Forelimb bud somewhat oval-shaped in dorsal aspect. Hindlimb bud longer than broad, constricted at base, distal outline somewhat conical. Length: 20 - 27 mm.
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000062
NF stage 50
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 50, corresponding to a tadpole of age about 15 days at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Forelimb bud somewhat oval-shaped in dorsal aspect. Hindlimb bud longer than broad, constricted at base, distal outline somewhat conical. Length: 20 - 27 mm.
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 51, corresponding to a tadpole of age about 17 days at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Tentacles much longer. Forelimb bud oval-shaped in lateral aspect. Hindlimb bud conical in shape, its length about 1.5 times its breadth; melanophores appearing on it. Length: 28 - 36 mm.
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000063
NF stage 51
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 51, corresponding to a tadpole of age about 17 days at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Tentacles much longer. Forelimb bud oval-shaped in lateral aspect. Hindlimb bud conical in shape, its length about 1.5 times its breadth; melanophores appearing on it. Length: 28 - 36 mm.
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 52, corresponding to a tadpole of age about 21 days at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Forelimb bud irregularly conical. Hindlimb bud showing first indication of ankle constriction and first sign of flattening of foot. Length: 42 - 56 mm.
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000064
NF stage 52
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 52, corresponding to a tadpole of age about 21 days at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Forelimb bud irregularly conical. Hindlimb bud showing first indication of ankle constriction and first sign of flattening of foot. Length: 42 - 56 mm.
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 53, corresponding to a tadpole of age about 24 days at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Fore- and hindlimbs in paddle stage. Hindlimb whithout foot somewhat longer than broad; 4th and 5th toe indicated. Length: 50 - 60 mm.
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000065
NF stage 53
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 53, corresponding to a tadpole of age about 24 days at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Fore- and hindlimbs in paddle stage. Hindlimb whithout foot somewhat longer than broad; 4th and 5th toe indicated. Length: 50 - 60 mm.
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 54, corresponding to a tadpole of age about 26 days at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: All four fingers indicated; edge of hand slightly scalloped between fingers; melanophores appearing on forelimb. Length of hindlimb without foot nearly twice its breadth; all five toes indicated, the second only very slightly. Length: 58 - 65 mm.
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000066
NF stage 54
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 54, corresponding to a tadpole of age about 26 days at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: All four fingers indicated; edge of hand slightly scalloped between fingers; melanophores appearing on forelimb. Length of hindlimb without foot nearly twice its breadth; all five toes indicated, the second only very slightly. Length: 58 - 65 mm.
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 55, corresponding to a tadpole of age about 32 days at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Hand pronated about 90 degrees; free parts of fingers about equally long as broad. Length of hindlimb without foot about 3 times its breadth; length of cartilages of 4th and 5th toe about 4 times their breadth. Length: 70 - 80 mm.
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000067
NF stage 55
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 55, corresponding to a tadpole of age about 32 days at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Hand pronated about 90 degrees; free parts of fingers about equally long as broad. Length of hindlimb without foot about 3 times its breadth; length of cartilages of 4th and 5th toe about 4 times their breadth. Length: 70 - 80 mm.
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 56, corresponding to a tadpole of age about 38 days at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Elbow and wrist clearly indicated; length of free parts of fingers 3 to 4 times their breadth. Length of cartilages of 4th and 5th toe about 6 times their breadth. Length: 70 - 100 mm.
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000068
NF stage 56
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 56, corresponding to a tadpole of age about 38 days at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Elbow and wrist clearly indicated; length of free parts of fingers 3 to 4 times their breadth. Length of cartilages of 4th and 5th toe about 6 times their breadth. Length: 70 - 100 mm.
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 57, corresponding to a tadpole of age about 41 days at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Pigment-free spot appearing above "Stirnorgan". Angle of elbow more than 90 degrees; fingers stretched out in forelimb atrium, their length about 7 times their breadth. Length: 75 - 105 mm.
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000069
NF stage 57
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 57, corresponding to a tadpole of age about 41 days at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Pigment-free spot appearing above "Stirnorgan". Angle of elbow more than 90 degrees; fingers stretched out in forelimb atrium, their length about 7 times their breadth. Length: 75 - 105 mm.
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 58, corresponding to a tadpole of age about 44 days at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Forelimbs broken through. Guanophores appearing on abdomen and thighs (adult skin areas). All three claws present on hindlimbs. Length: 80 - 110 mm.
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000070
NF stage 58
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 58, corresponding to a tadpole of age about 44 days at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Forelimbs broken through. Guanophores appearing on abdomen and thighs (adult skin areas). All three claws present on hindlimbs. Length: 80 - 110 mm.
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 59, corresponding to a tadpole of age about 45 days at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Tentacles beginning to shrivel up. Stretched forelimb reaching down to base of hindlimb. Guanophores appearing near base of forelimb (adult skin area); anterior border of adult skin area on abdomen not yet sharp; appearance of irregular dark spots on back.
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000071
NF stage 59
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 59, corresponding to a tadpole of age about 45 days at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Tentacles beginning to shrivel up. Stretched forelimb reaching down to base of hindlimb. Guanophores appearing near base of forelimb (adult skin area); anterior border of adult skin area on abdomen not yet sharp; appearance of irregular dark spots on back.
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 60, corresponding to a tadpole of age about 46 days at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: N. olfactorius still longer than bulbus olfactorius. Guanophores appearing on lower jaw (adult skin area). Openings of gill chambers still wide. Distal half of fingers of stretched forelimb extending beyond base of hindlimb; forelimb still situated behind level of heart. Adult skin area of base of forelimb covered with guanophores; anterior border of adult skin area on abdomen sharper, reaching up to heart.
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000072
NF stage 60
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 60, corresponding to a tadpole of age about 46 days at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: N. olfactorius still longer than bulbus olfactorius. Guanophores appearing on lower jaw (adult skin area). Openings of gill chambers still wide. Distal half of fingers of stretched forelimb extending beyond base of hindlimb; forelimb still situated behind level of heart. Adult skin area of base of forelimb covered with guanophores; anterior border of adult skin area on abdomen sharper, reaching up to heart.
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 61, corresponding to a tadpole of age about 48 days at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Head narrower. Tentacles considerably shortened, mostly curved backwards. Length of n. olfactorius equal to diameter of bulbus olfactorius. 4th arterial arch seen just in front of adult skin area of forelimb. Openings of gill chambers considerably narrowed. Forelimb at level of posterior half of heart. Adult skin area on abdomen covering posterior half of heart. Fins considerably reduced.
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000073
NF stage 61
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 61, corresponding to a tadpole of age about 48 days at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Head narrower. Tentacles considerably shortened, mostly curved backwards. Length of n. olfactorius equal to diameter of bulbus olfactorius. 4th arterial arch seen just in front of adult skin area of forelimb. Openings of gill chambers considerably narrowed. Forelimb at level of posterior half of heart. Adult skin area on abdomen covering posterior half of heart. Fins considerably reduced.
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 62, corresponding to a tadpole of age about 49 days at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Head still somewhat broader than cranial part of trunk. Tentacles short, straight. N. olfactorius shorter than diameter of bulbus olfactorius. Corner of mouth still in front of eye. Thymus gland somewhat protruding. 3rd arterial arch ("larval aorta") seen at distance of its own diameter in front of adult skin area of forelimb. Opening of operculum reduced to curved slit. Forelimb at level of middle of heart. Anterior border of adult skin area on abdomen entirely sharp, mostly nicked medially. Ventral fin disappeared from abdomen.
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000074
NF stage 62
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 62, corresponding to a tadpole of age about 49 days at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Head still somewhat broader than cranial part of trunk. Tentacles short, straight. N. olfactorius shorter than diameter of bulbus olfactorius. Corner of mouth still in front of eye. Thymus gland somewhat protruding. 3rd arterial arch ("larval aorta") seen at distance of its own diameter in front of adult skin area of forelimb. Opening of operculum reduced to curved slit. Forelimb at level of middle of heart. Anterior border of adult skin area on abdomen entirely sharp, mostly nicked medially. Ventral fin disappeared from abdomen.
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 63, corresponding to a tadpole of age about 51 days at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Head narrower than trunk. Tentacles mostly disappeared. Corner of mouth at level of caudal border of eye. "Larval aorta" and thymus gland no longer externally visible. Operculum closed. Adult skin areas on abdomen and lower jaw separated by narrow band of larval skin. Forelimb at level of anterior half of heart. Fin mostly perforated near anus. Tail still slightly longer than body.
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000075
NF stage 63
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 63, corresponding to a tadpole of age about 51 days at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Head narrower than trunk. Tentacles mostly disappeared. Corner of mouth at level of caudal border of eye. "Larval aorta" and thymus gland no longer externally visible. Operculum closed. Adult skin areas on abdomen and lower jaw separated by narrow band of larval skin. Forelimb at level of anterior half of heart. Fin mostly perforated near anus. Tail still slightly longer than body.
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 64, corresponding to a tadpole of age about 53 days at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Corner of mouth well behind eye. Various adult skin areas joined almost everywhere, borderlines still clearly visible. Length of tail (from anus) is a third of body length.
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000076
NF stage 64
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 64, corresponding to a tadpole of age about 53 days at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Corner of mouth well behind eye. Various adult skin areas joined almost everywhere, borderlines still clearly visible. Length of tail (from anus) is a third of body length.
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 65, corresponding to a tadpole of age about 54 days at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Borderlines between adult skin areas partly disappeared. Tail oblong triangular in dorsal aspect, length abouth one tenth of body length.
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000077
NF stage 65
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 65, corresponding to a tadpole of age about 54 days at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Borderlines between adult skin areas partly disappeared. Tail oblong triangular in dorsal aspect, length abouth one tenth of body length.
ISBN:0815318960
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 66, corresponding to a tadpole of age about 58 days at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Border lines between adult skin areas disappeared. Tail only a very small triangle, no longer visible from ventral side.
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000078
NF stage 66
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage 66, corresponding to a tadpole of age about 58 days at 22-24 Celsius and having the following external morphological criteria: Border lines between adult skin areas disappeared. Tail only a very small triangle, no longer visible from ventral side.
ISBN:0815318960
Tadpole stage during which toe differentiation and rapid hindlimb growth continue, followed by tail resorption; comprising Nieuwkoop and Faber stages 54 to 66.
metamorphosing tadpole
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000079
metamorphosing tadpole stage
Tadpole stage during which toe differentiation and rapid hindlimb growth continue, followed by tail resorption; comprising Nieuwkoop and Faber stages 54 to 66.
Bgee:curator
ISBN:0815318960
Tailbud stage that refers to the later events associated with this stage, comprising Nieuwkoop and Faber stages 29/30 to 44.
late tailbud
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000080
late tailbud stage
Tailbud stage that refers to the later events associated with this stage, comprising Nieuwkoop and Faber stages 29/30 to 44.
Bgee:curator
ISBN:0815318960
Unspecified Xenopus developmental stage.
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000081
unspecified stage
Unspecified Xenopus developmental stage.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Any of the stages of the developing or mature Xenopus female gamete.
unfertilized egg
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000082
unfertilized egg stage
Any of the stages of the developing or mature Xenopus female gamete.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The pre-vitellogenic stage of the developing female gamete.
lab
2011-09-09T02:23:46Z
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000083
oocyte stage I
The pre-vitellogenic stage of the developing female gamete.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The early vitellogenic stage of the developing female gamete.
lab
2011-09-09T02:24:37Z
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000084
oocyte stage II
The early vitellogenic stage of the developing female gamete.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The mid-vitellogenic stage of the developing female gamete.
lab
2011-09-09T02:24:56Z
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000085
oocyte stage III
The mid-vitellogenic stage of the developing female gamete.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The stage of the developing female gamete that corresponds to the establishment of polarization along the animal-vegetal axis of the gamete.
lab
2011-09-09T02:25:13Z
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000086
oocyte stage IV
The stage of the developing female gamete that corresponds to the establishment of polarization along the animal-vegetal axis of the gamete.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The late-vitellogenic stage of the developing female gamete.
lab
2011-09-09T02:25:43Z
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000087
oocyte stage V
The late-vitellogenic stage of the developing female gamete.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
The developmental stage of the female gamete at which the gamete is fully grown.
lab
2011-09-09T02:26:43Z
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000088
oocyte stage VI
The developmental stage of the female gamete at which the gamete is fully grown.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Tadpole stage during which limb bud growth occurs, comprising Nieuwkoop and Faber stages 45 to 54.
premetamorphosis
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000089
premetamorphosis stage
Tadpole stage during which limb bud growth occurs, comprising Nieuwkoop and Faber stages 45 to 54.
ISBN:0124554032
Metamorphosing tadpole stage during which toe differentiation and rapid hindlimb growth continue, comprising Nieuwkoop and Faber stages 55 to 57.
prometamorphosis
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000090
prometamorphosis stage
Metamorphosing tadpole stage during which toe differentiation and rapid hindlimb growth continue, comprising Nieuwkoop and Faber stages 55 to 57.
ISBN:0124554032
Metamorphosing tadpole stage during which tail resorption occurs, comprising Nieuwkoop and Faber stages 58 to 66.
climax
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000091
climax stage
Metamorphosing tadpole stage during which tail resorption occurs, comprising Nieuwkoop and Faber stages 58 to 66.
ISBN:0124554032
The developmental stage of the female gamete at which the gamete has reached maturity.
lab
2011-09-09T02:32:08Z
xenopus_developmental_stage
mature egg
XAO:1000092
mature egg stage
The developmental stage of the female gamete at which the gamete has reached maturity.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Xenopus developmental stage that corresponds to a fully formed, mature animal.
lab
2011-09-19T01:53:23Z
adult frog
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000093
adult frog stage
Xenopus developmental stage that corresponds to a fully formed, mature animal.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Xenopus developmental stage that is one of the 66 standard chronological embryonic and tadpole stages originally described by Nieuwkoop and Faber in the Normal Table of Xenopus laevis (Daudin).
eriksegerdell
2013-02-09T18:40:27Z
Nieuwkoop and Faber stage
Nieuwkoop-Faber stage
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000094
NF stage
Xenopus developmental stage that is one of the 66 standard chronological embryonic and tadpole stages originally described by Nieuwkoop and Faber in the Normal Table of Xenopus laevis (Daudin).
ISBN:0815318960
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279
Xenopus developmental stage that succeeds the embryonic stage.
UBERON:0000092
xenopus_developmental_stage
XAO:1000095
post-embryonic stage
Xenopus developmental stage that succeeds the embryonic stage.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9611-1279