---
name: econ-writing
description: Write, revise, explain, translate or format economics prose, papers and slides; use for natural Japanese, spoken-first explanation, concise rewriting, writing guidance and requested profiles, including structural models, identification, equilibrium counterfactuals and welfare.
---

# Primary expression rule

Apply the primary expression rule in [CORE](../../runtime/CORE.md) through the writing rules in [PROSE](../../runtime/PROSE.md) to every operation below.

## Native entry contract

When the pending operation needs a library definition, derivation, model condition or worked example, activate [econ-knowledge](../econ-knowledge/SKILL.md) and select the needed IDs and required prerequisites. Retain this specialist’s decision and execution ownership, adopted economic specification, official package interfaces and applicable rules.


Read the applicable CORE and PROSE bodies, the requested text and the sources needed for the task. Complete substantive reasoning, the requested artifact and one integrated editorial review. The common process in [Compose for the medium and language](#compose-for-the-medium-and-language) applies to all seven modes. Additional checks follow CORE's three-condition rule.

At mode selection, read the complete activated rule bodies and [the 142 lexical and 22 semantic/function criteria](../../quality/prose_rules.json) before selecting content or drawing its inference. Reuse the same-version bodies while their content remains available. After compression, interruption or handoff, restore those full bodies, the original request, the selected mode and its fixed content and editing scope before continuing dependent work. A navigation packet or reading hash locates these bodies; the body supplies the detailed instructions.

Recover the user's actual question, claim, target and fixed conditions from the original wording without inventing a position. Give agreement or correction its determining evidence; unchanged evidence receives the same judgment, and decisive new evidence updates the affected output. Select content before wording: remove unnecessary declarations of separate issues or axes and the defensive passage they serve. Where a comparison matters, state its concrete definitions, differences, quantities or mechanism directly under PROSE.

# Write the requested economics artifact

## Preserve adopted content

Preserve adopted research claims, numbers, comparison groups, citations, formatting and editing scope. Select the necessary content, complete its logical explanation, and then refine the language and length. Work in the requested text or existing artifact. Preserve the source's established content throughout rewriting and translation.

## Generate articles and slides from results

Select `research_result_artifacts` and use [result artifacts](references/result-artifacts.md) to register named quantities and units from saved estimates, preserve their covariance and inference, and generate the article, table, figure and slide sources through the existing research DAG. Its portable example executes the scientific engines and produces LaTeX, Quarto, HTML, PDF, Word and PowerPoint outputs. Bind the adopted equations and parameters to their actual code, specification and result. A changed producer or result rebuilds its affected consumers while preserving completed generations. Use the same selected quantities when revising article and slide arguments.

<!-- BEGIN GENERATED MODES -->
## Registered operations

Generated from registry/operations.json; the request determines the actual target and authority.

- `compose`: Compose academic prose and research materials from the adopted sources.
- `revise`: Revise supplied prose, including natural Japanese, spoken explanations and requests such as 自然な日本語に, 何を言いたいの, 直訳っぽい, 口頭で説明して and わかりやすく短く.
- `translate`: Translate supplied prose into natural Japanese or English while preserving its claims and sources.
- `convert`: Convert adopted content into a paper, slides, research site or requested format.
- `guidance`: Explain a concrete writing decision and show the needed revision.
- `explain`: Explain a paper, theory, institution, method or result through its question, mechanism, evidence and answer.
- `profile`: Create or revise a reusable writing profile only when explicitly requested.
<!-- END GENERATED MODES -->

## Compose

Generate numerical passages, tables and figures from the same selected saved result. The [research renderer](../../harness/research.md) binds each numerical placeholder to a consumed result's semantic key, exact unit and display format, retaining the producing input, definition, code and execution versions in the existing state record. Compose the economic claim from the adopted identification and the actual result under PROSE; retain its passage-level source correspondence. A changed estimate or defining assumption updates its affected numerical text and argument; a display-label change rebuilds its display consumers while reusing the calculation. Complete the substantive editorial review on the assembled paper and inspect the final artifact.

For a requested source/result correspondence map, use the [evidence binder](../../harness/research_evidence.py) on the selected manuscript version. Bind claim-bearing passages to original source spans, displayed statistics to named result keys and units, and model equations and symbols to their actual code, source construction or calibrated specification and saved residuals. Retain the owner's substantive judgments with those exact identities. Select numerical coverage over the requested passage and account for source quantities, assumptions and citation years through their source-bound claims. Put the supported economic argument in the paper and its execution links in the existing result record.

Select the question, answer and decisive evidence from the established study or source materials. Give prominence to results that change the mechanism, action ranking, allocation or economic magnitude. Retain a non-effect, subgroup contrast or behavioral response when omitting it changes that interpretation. Build the explanatory relation before drafting a compressed Abstract, slide or summary. For a whole paper, consult [paper guidance](references/paper-workflow.md) for the required section architecture; load a specialist section only when the request uses it. Complete the common process in the resulting artifact.

## Revise

Start from the author's original text and the requested scope. Recover its intended propositions and source-supported relations, then repair information selection, logical order and paragraph connections before surface wording. Reconstruct unclear Japanese as a complete spoken explanation and shorten only after the reader can follow it. Preserve suitable original phrasing and apply the common review to the revised text with the context needed to assess its connections.

## Translate

Recover the source's claim, actor, mechanism and evidence before choosing target-language sentences. Use natural Japanese or English grammar, established technical terms and the requested register. Rebuild sentence boundaries and explanatory order where the source language's structure impedes comprehension. Keep quantities, assumptions, comparisons, citations and referenced findings; explain an implicit relation only when the source establishes it. Complete the common review against the source and final translation.

## Convert

Identify the settled argument and the information each unit of the target medium must communicate. Form the complete explanation first, then select what belongs in the paper, slide, speaker notes or research page. Preserve the claim, determining comparisons, units and canonical exhibits. Use the common process on the converted artifact and inspect the requested render when its layout is part of delivery.

## Guidance

Identify the concrete obstacle to understanding and explain the writing decision that resolves it. Use a source-bound revision of the supplied passage when available. Demonstrate how content selection and logical reconstruction produce the improved wording, then complete the common review of the advice and example. Return only the guidance needed for the requested decision.

## Explain

Explain the specified paper, theory, institution, method or result at the requested depth. Select the relevant question and answer, then develop the source-supported mechanism and evidence through the common process.

### Read and select the argument

Read the cited passage and the supporting material needed to understand its objects, premises, operations and result. Choose the information the reader needs to recover the answer. Use the requested audience or the adopted profile to decide which concepts need explanation.

### Develop the connected explanation

Connect actors, rules, choices, causal or theoretical mechanisms, identifying comparisons and numerical magnitudes in their logical order. For Japanese, form the complete explanation a reader can follow aloud, separate distinct topics, and then compress the established argument. Match the explanation to the source's actual result.

### Complete the requested explanation

Complete the integrated review of the final explanation, including its source correspondence and causal links. Return the answer and its decisive evidence at the requested depth.

## Profile

Create or update a reusable profile only when requested. Derive its writing operations from the user's adopted text and independently authored examples, applying the common composition process to each worked example.

### Select source passages

Use the supplied text or construct an original example from explicit fictional inputs. Select the information, relation and sentence order needed for its reader to recover the answer. Retain the input facts beside the worked wording so the operation can be reused.

### Derive principles and worked examples

For each example, identify the reader's question, the facts that establish its answer and the dependency that determines their order. Explain how the revision restores that dependency, and show the resulting passage. Preserve the adopted facts and their strength. Formulate the reusable rule as an operation on information and argument; its application follows the new passage's own premises and purpose.

### Use a requested opening or comparison

Revise or continue the authorized content through the common process. Build the explanation from that content's own facts, then apply the relevant profile choice.

### Save the profile

Save the completed profile and necessary worked examples to the requested existing destination. Review the actual saved content as one deliverable and create a new file only when the requested reusable material needs it.

### Organize selective reading

Keep the profile's principles and example anchors usable for selective reading. Load the language and argumentative function that resolve the current writing choice.

## Compose for the medium and language

For a structural study, develop the model's economic argument from the same adopted specification used by estimation. Introduce actors, choices, incentives, information and timing before the equilibrium relation. Explain how observed variation and maintained restrictions identify the named parameters, how likelihood or moments connect the data to those primitives, and how the intervention changes optimized choices and market outcomes. Use the original equations and actual saved estimates to explain the decisive mechanism. Match the text's estimated, calibrated and fixed quantities to their sources, and connect each counterfactual and welfare number to its own scenario, population, units and horizon. Describe an algorithm through the operation it performs and the numerical quantities it produced.

State model, identification and welfare conditions in their defining equations and comparisons under PROSE. Give the reader the response or quantity that determines the conclusion and derive its economic interpretation. Preserve that explanatory chain when shortening an abstract, paragraph or slide. Keep solver history and continuation details in the existing execution/result record; the research text presents the adopted model and computed economic results.

Use this process for every mode, scaled to the requested passage and artifact. These are substantive writing operations within one task, with no required intermediate transcript or separate review document.

1. Read the actual request, adopted research choices, source passage and applicable PROSE rules. Identify the reader, medium, editing scope and the answer the reader needs. Establish the reader's current decision or understanding and the unresolved relation the requested text must resolve.
2. Select the claims, facts, comparisons and premises that establish that answer. Derive the parent claim from their relationship and resolve the economic mechanism before drafting for a length target. Work upward from concrete results when the answer is still open. Apply [PROSE's content selection](../../runtime/PROSE.md#select-the-economic-argument) before sentence editing: keep the defining conditions and decision-changing quantities in the inference, and delete defensive content that performs no requested explanatory or decision function. Use [Connect the explanation](../../runtime/PROSE.md#connect-the-explanation) to establish the relation among the retained claims.
3. Build a complete connected explanation. In Japanese, first express it as a natural spoken explanation with the relevant actor, action, reason, mechanism and result. Separate distinct topics and order their propositions by their actual inferential dependencies. Restore a missing link from the source or completed analysis. Route a consequential missing derivation or comparison through econ-design or econ-data within the authorized task, then integrate its result. Keep source-bound revision and translation within the requested source and editing scope.
4. Reshape the explanation for the requested academic language and medium using [Revise for the requested language](../../runtime/PROSE.md#revise-for-the-requested-language). Only now remove repetition, empty framing and other dispensable wording. Preserve the relations and quantities needed to understand the claim. A request for concision changes the final selection and phrasing, while the reasoning still reaches completion.
5. Put the completed wording in the requested text or artifact. Perform [the integrated editorial review](../../runtime/PROSE.md#finish-the-passage) once across all required aspects, repair the problems found and reread the affected passage. Recover a failed save, render or registration through its existing execution owner, preserving the completed content. Inspect the requested saved output, then report the substantive result and actual destination. Keep the artifact's content tied to its reader's question under PROSE. Finish the requested deliverable and use the existing verification path for any actual rendering or registration behavior changed by the task.

Select the content by the communication's purpose. A research explanation establishes the finding through its mechanism and identifying comparison. A decision report compares feasible actions on the adopted objective and states the selected action with its determining quantities. A proposal connects the diagnosed obstacle to the result each phase must deliver, its dependencies and the resources required to reach the requested outcome. A progress review starts from the last adopted decision, reports the new result and its implication for the central question, and gives the next executable action. Report a changed hypothesis or priority through the evidence that changed it. Use the existing project state for responsibilities, commitments and outputs.

Before a meeting or review, state the unresolved decision and current hypothesis, then select the investigation and evidence needed to resolve it. Organize discussion around the actual disputed premise, fact or criterion. Explain the relation from an exhibit's comparison to its conclusion in words when the reader needs that intermediate inference. A requested record preserves the adopted decision, its basis, the responsible party, the agreed timing and the remaining dependency through the existing project workflow. Report agreement on an explanation and a change in the substantive judgment through the actual discussion and evidence. Tailor operational updates to the next blocked action, milestone reviews to the accumulated answer and remaining critical dependency, and strategic reviews to objectives and resource allocation. The reader's decision determines detail; the calendar alone supplies no fixed reporting template.

## Compose a talk

Build the talk around the audience's question, the economic comparison that answers it and the action or understanding that follows. Develop the complete explanation first. Arrange its necessary premises and results in the order a listener can use them, allocating the requested speaking time to the relations that determine the answer.

For each screen, state the proposition the audience should recover and choose the saved result, equation or diagram that establishes it. Define actors and quantities before using them in a mechanism. On an exhibit, identify the objects compared, their units and the contrast carrying the conclusion. Explain that contrast aloud before advancing to its implication. Put the intermediate derivation and requested oral wording in speaker notes or supporting material.

Compose the actual page from those elements. Give the decisive comparison sufficient space, place its defining labels beside the marks and size the text for the display. Use [the existing render path](#render-the-requested-artifact) to inspect every changed page at presentation size. Repair clipping, unreadable symbols, mismatched values and ordering that interrupts the listener's inference, then complete the integrated review against the adopted argument and requested duration.

## Compose a research site

Use the project's existing publication and analysis objects and preserve canonical links. Select the question, result and evidence each page needs, then adapt the complete explanation to the page's reading order.

## Render the requested artifact

Use the existing build path and view the actual resulting page or slide when layout affects delivery. Avoid unrelated rebuilds.

For a new LaTeX paper, start from the supplied [Econometrica template](../../tex/paper/ecta_template.tex) with its class, configuration and bibliography style. For new slides, use the supplied [Beamer template](../../tex/slides/main.tex), retaining metropolis, Waseda colors and Harano Aji Japanese fonts. Fill the intended author, title, abstract, keyword and body placeholders from the requested content. The [shared build helper](../../scripts/build_latex.py) owns LuaLaTeX compatibility, citation processing and preservation of the previous PDF on failure. The [result-artifact renderer](references/result-artifacts.md) and Quarto consume the same default family through their produced Pandoc adapters. Preserve a user's adopted document format and existing research files when the request concerns only new defaults.

## Output

Return the completed text or artifact first, with the substantive explanation the request calls for. When the task is a rewrite, deliver the finished wording. Report actual changes and decisive evidence when a completion report is requested.

Return the completed mode's text, source/result identities and actual saved or rendered output to the same task owner. Preserve the adopted claim, quantities, units, audience, medium and editing authority across that return. When a source, calculation, save or render remains a prerequisite, keep that operation open through its producing owner and retain the valid completed wording; the requested artifact and authorized actions determine completion.

## Execute paragraph and argument contracts

Consult [paragraph guidance](references/paragraph-workflow.md) when a complex long-form argument needs structure. Perform its argument and paragraph reasoning in the draft and include it in the common integrated review. An explicitly selected formal certification or applicable platform contract activates its existing state, assignments and independent release review. Ordinary writing completes through the common process above.