hasEssentialOperation
FixMaterial
hasOptionalManualOperation
requiresMaterial
hasPredecessors
hasOptionalAutoOperation
cost_hour
calendar
number
max_time
min_time
operation type: manual or automatic or semi-automatic
op_type
hasMaxUnits
hasStd.Rate
hasCostPerUse
duration
wait time after the previous operation finshed
has_wait_time
hasOvt.Rate
hasBaseCalender
def. planned process that is part of a product production process and is prescribed by an operation specification.
Wedge
temporal interval
(Elucidation) a temporal interval is a one-dimensional temporal region that is continuous, thus without gaps or breaks
A one-dimensional temporal region can include as parts not only temporal intervals but also temporal instants separated from other parts by gaps.
Intangible Resource
material entity
Elucidation) A material entity is an independent continuant that at all times at which it exists has some portion of matter as continuant part
specifically dependent continuant
b is a specifically dependent continuant =Def b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region & which is such that b s-depends on c
(with one bearer) The mass of this tomato, the pink colour of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its centre, the smell of this portion of mozzarella, the disposition of this fish to decay, the role of being a doctor, the function of this heart: to pump blood, the shape of this hole; (with multiple bearers:) John's love for Mary, the ownership relation between John and this statue, the relation of authority between John and his subordinates.
(Elucidation) p is a process =Def p is an occurrent that has some temporal proper part and for some time t, p has some material entity as participant
Descriptive Information Content Entity
An Information Content Entity that consists of a set of propositions that describe some Entity.
immaterial entity
a is an immaterial entity =Def a is an independent continuant which is such that there is no time t when it has a material entity as continuant part at t
As for fiat point, fiat line, fiat surface, site.
GRACE:Operator - a specialized human resource entity that is responsible for the execution of manual operations, such as an operator connecting the electrical cables.
GRACE:RecoveryProcedure - entity that describes the procedure to recover from the occurrence of a failure.
GRACE:QualityController can be considered as a subclass of Agent?
Objective specification
a directive information entity that describes an intended process endpoint. When part of a plan specification the concretization is realized in a planned process in which the bearer tries to effect the world so that the process endpoint is achieved.
In the protocol of a ChIP assay the objective specification says to identify protein and DNA interaction.
GRACE: Material - entity used during the production process, e.g. tubs, blocks of steel, bearings, nuts and bolds, according to the BOM.
IOF: Feature IOF:PSS:Feature - Feature is PSS Information that describes the characteristics of a product, service, or PSS. IOF:PSS:ProductFeature - Product Feature is a Feature that describes an aspect, or attribute, related to the product within the PSS scope. GRACE:Property ? - an attribute that characterizes a resource (i.e. a skill) or that a resource should satisfy to execute an operation (i.e. a requirement). It includes a mathematical operator associated to the property value, e.g. a speed equal to 2000 r.p.m..
Product Design
Generic Definitions: 1. [Wikipedia]: A design is a plan or specification for the construction of an object or system or for the implementation of an activity or process, or the result of that plan or specification in the form of a prototype, product or process. 2. [ISO 14813-5]: How parts or constituents are related to an organised whole, providing specification for the structure, organization, appearance, etc., of a system or entity. Product-centric Definitions: 3. [ISO 10795]: Set of information that defines the characteristics of a product. 5. [ISO 3834-1]: Set of requirements for a product specified by customers, by the organization in anticipation of customer requirements, or by regulation. Note 1 to entry: The requirements for products and in some cases associated processes can be contained in, for example, technical specifications, product standards, process standards, contractual agreements and regulatory requirements. Software-centric Definition: 6. [Rational Unified Process (in software development)]: A software requirements specification (SRS) is a technical document that describes in detail the externally visible characteristics of a software product. A Software Design Specification then outlines an implementation that shows how the system satisfies the requirements of the SRS.
Picture/description of a product (as its made); tolerance analysis; quality testing results 1. Bill of materials (it describes a list of all the required parts, but not their dimensions): a. Some type of BoM (Manufacturing-BoM vs. Engineering-BoM) contains even a list of manufacturing resources required that are not part of the designed product b. Various BoMs exist: M. BoM, E. BoM, Configurable BoM, etc.
The information and content concretized in: CAD files, drawings, conceptual/formal (e.g., SysML) models, sketches, descriptions, etc.
IOF: Component - A material entity (BFO: object) that is designed for a particular purpose and intended to become a part of another material entity (e.g., rivit is intented to be used in assembly of the airframe) IOF informal denition: A component is a part or subassembly that goes into a higher level assembly or the nal product (adapted from APICS). Explanation: A particular artifact can be considered as a component or an assembly depending on the context of a manufacturing process.
1. A task description can be created, assigned and detailed electronically in some project or other task management system, verbally communicated, self-assigned and recorded in one's mobile phone, or post-it note, or kept "in the back of one's mind." 2. The term is is asserted under plan specification since one can argue that a task specification also implies (or sets some expectation at a minimum) some objective or outcome to be accomplished. 3. A task may be, but is not required to be, part of a work breakdown structure or action complex. 4. We leave out that a task definition is not broken down further. In decomposing projects, complex tasks are decomposed (involving a work-breakdown structure) until they are "simple enough" to be assignable to a given person or group of persons, in which they are able to be performed and completed in a narrow time frame.
Task Description
A task specification prescribes some action intended to be assigned to and performed by some person or group of persons, that specifies or sets some expecation as to the timeframe in which it is to occur. Task description =def. an objective specification that prescribes some task that is intended to be concretized by a specific person or group of persons, and which specifies some starting or ending timeframe in which the task is to occur.
Designative Information Content Entity
An Information Content Entity that consists of a set of symbols that denote some Entity.
process boundary
p is a process boundary =Def p is a temporal part of a process & p has no proper temporal parts
The boundary between the 2nd and 3rd year of your life.
IOF: Product Quality - A physical or functional characteristic of a product that can be measured or qualitatively evaluated.
Agentive Process
Action =def. Process in which some Agent plays a causitive role.
First Order Logic Definition: instance-of(x, action, t) ≡ ∃y (instance-of(y, agent, t) & has-agent (x, y, t)) Additional axiom: Every Action realizes some Intention that precedes it or starts simultaneously with it. instance-of(x, action, t) → ∃y, t′(instance-of(y, intention, t′) & realizes (x, y) & (precedes(t′, t) ˅ first-instant(t′, t)))
zero-dimensional temporal region
(Elucidation) A zero-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is a whole consisting of one or more separated temporal instants as parts
A temporal region that is occupied by a process boundary; the moment at which a finger is detached in an industrial accident.
IOF:Business Process - A structured set of activities performed to achieve an organizational objective.
IOF: Manufacturing Resource - A person or material entity that is available participates in the manufacture of a product or component. (Any entity that can assume a Manufacturing Resource Role.) GRACE:Resource - entity that can execute a certain range of operations as long as its capacity is not exceeded. Producer, quality controller, transporter, operator and tool are specializations of resource and inherit its characteristics.
IOF:RawMaterial - A portion of matter from which physical artifacts can be made.
Action Specification
An informational artifact containing a set of instructions that prescribe what a person or group of persons are to do in some planned process in which they play an active part.
Pour the contents of flask 1 into flask 2
When concretized, may be realized in a process performed by some agent to achieve the prescribed process endpoints by taking the prescribed actions. Like all IAO: information content entities, a Plan Specification 'g-depends on at some time' various types Information Bearing Entities, such as on paper, in a database, on some email server, or even in the working memory of some autonomous computer application. In some start-ups, plan specifications may also 'g-depend on at some time,' on the brain or memory of some person Agent, if such plan specifications are communicated verbally or scattered across both written and verbal forms of communication.
Plan Specification
plan specification =def. directive ICE with some action specification and some objective specification as parts.
IOF-CORE: http://www.industrialontologies.org/core/Resource
Resource
A resource is some thing available to a person or organization to use.
1. Intangible (generically-dependent continuants): a person's or organization's intellectual property (patented, copyrighted or not); a knowledge base; a software program; an amount of cybercurrency; software, platform and infrastructure software (sold as a service); Business-to-Consumer portal (e.g., Amazon.com site). 2. Tangible: An organization's people (contractors, employees, professionals on retainer, etc.); organizations and organizational entities (e.g., supplier 'x' and marketing department 'y'); the minerals under some plot of land to which a person or organization has rights; an organization's factories, machinery and equipment; the raw materials and components, intermediate-level materials and components, and finished goods/product; the rain periodically falling on my factory or my land that is channeled into the storm drain, but is nevertheless "available to" me, should I decide for example to collect it as grey water and process it into a renewable source of water.
IOF: Agent - A BFO: Continuant that carries out some BFO: Process as prescribed
Human Resource
Manufacturing Operation Specification
IOF: Operation Specification -An information artifact that groups an ordered set of Step Definitions to achieve part of a Manufacturing Process and specifies the type of Resources needed to perform the work. GRACE:Operation - a job executed by one resource like drilling, welding, assembly, inspection and maintenance, that may add value to the product or may measure the value of the product, e.g. the quality control.
manufacturing operation specification =def. plan specification that prescribes some manufacturing operation, the kind of Agent playing a causative role in the operation, and, if the agent is a person, has a partially-ordered collection of Step Specifications as parts.
1. Drilling operation: A specification to drill a hole in a workpiece using a machine (drill press). 2. Sawing operation: A specification to cut off part of a workpiece. In this case, we are just using a tool (as opposed to a machine) as the resource to accomplish the operation. If I’m drilling three holes as part of a single operation, those actions/action specifications, become three steps of the operation. 3. A setup operation, a tear-down operation, an inspection operation, a test operation, a material handling operation (decomposed into a pick-up step, a move step, and a drop-off step). 4. An operating procedure for answering and routing calls to an organization's central phone number.
source: An ontology based framework for decision support in assembly variant design PAPER
1. The term is defined here as meaning not raw material, but rather resources available to some agent (organization) that are made of matter (thus buildings, vehicles, equipment, and so forth, as contrasted with intellectual property, software, and so forth). 2. While biological entities are specifically excluded, other material entities such as viruses and any other complex assembly of molecules, including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates, etc., are still classified here as kinds of material resources.
Material Resource
Material Resource iff Material_Entity(x) and not Person(x) and exists(r) (Resource_Role(r) and bears(x, r))
Land; buildings; any of the other types of Resources that are material in nature, including manufacturing machines; portions of raw materials, components, assemblies, finished product. Intangible: people; information systems, automation systems; the water, electricity and air needed to run or keep my planned processes running effectively.
temporal instant
(Elucidation) a temporal instant is a zero-dimensional temporal region that has no proper temporal part
001-BFO
GRACE:Failure - description of an occurred perturbation, including the occurrence date, the applied recover procedure and the recovery time.
A quality specification specifies a quality as something that is to come into existence as a result of a planned process.
Quality Specification
quality specification =def. specification that prescribes some quality an object must have. quality-specification(​x)​ ≡ specification(​x)​ & ​∃​Q(specifies(​x,​ Q) & ​∀q​ (​ instance-of(​q,​ Q) → quality(​q​)))
1. A Manufacturing Process Plan is a “blue print” for constructing a new, or reconfiguring an existing factory or production line, or group of production facilities and lines, on which a particular product or mix of products are intended to be produced at some point in the future.
Not to be confused with a production plan (a.k.a. production schedule) which is a Plan Specification to produce a particular quantity and mix of products in a factory or production line, that is already constructed and configured to produce such products -- and to do so on short notice as in on a particular day, week or time period in the near future.
Manufacturing Process Plan
A Plan Specification that prescribes a Manufacturing Process to create some Manufactured Product.
IOF: Manufacturing Process Plan - A specification that prescribes the collection of related activities in a manufacturing process that produces a product. Source: from IOF collective discussions GRACE:Journal - description of the production of a product instance belonging to a production order executed in the production line, including the list of operations performed and the resources that have executed each operation.
independent continuant
Directive Information Content Entity
An Information Content Entity that consists of a set of propositions or images (as in the case of a blueprint) that prescribe some Entity.
IOF: Equipment - Any Artifact or collection of related Artifacts that can bear a Manufacturing Role. GRACE:Transporter (Mover) can be considered as a subclass of Equipment?
Needs review. I suggest we have a look at Johan's Reified Requirements Ontology (RRO). There he has requirements (and recommendations) detailed quite well.
Provisional pending our discussions about RRO..."A Directive Information Content Entity that contains a exactly one Scope, Condition, Demand (SCD) clause as part, and prescribes some entity (continuant or occurrent).
IOF: Assembly - A material entity (BFO: object aggregate) that is designed for a particular purpose and is a collection of two or more interconnected components. [IOF informal definition: An assembly is a combination of parts and components that form a functional entity.]
Needs review. I suggest we have a look at Johan's Reified Requirements Ontology (RRO). There he has requirements (and recommendations) detailed quite well. Once we do, we can decide what notion if any this captures.
Specification
def. directive information content entity that prescribes some part or feature or some outcome of a planned process.
IOF: Product - Product is an item or substance that is a result of some processes GRACE: Product - economic entity (finished or semi-finished), which is produced by the enterprise in a value-adding process (it includes a Bill of Materials (BOM), i.e. the list of materials that are considered as components of a final or intermediate product; it also includes the quantity of each material required).
(Elucidation) An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the start or end of such an entity or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region
008-BFO
(Elucidation) A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity
Process Aggregate
An Occurrent that is a collection of processes.
IOF-CORE (http://www.industrialontologies.org/core/ManufacturedProduct)
Manufactured Product
A manufactured product is a product that is a of a physical nature and is the output of some product-producing process. Manufactured Product =def. Product that is a Material Artifact and is an output at some time, of a Product Production Process.
quality
(Elucidation) a quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized
The colour of a tomato, the ambient temperature of this portion of air, the length of the circumference of your waist, the shape of your nose, the shape of your nostril, the mass of this piece of gold.
temporal region
(Elucidation) A temporal region is an occurrent over which processes can unfold
As for zero-dimensional temporal region and one-dimensional temporal region.
one-dimensional temporal region
(Elucidation) A one-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region is a whole that has a temporal interval and zero or more temporal intervals and temporal instants as parts
The temporal region during which a process occurs.
1. This definition implies that every planned process is an action (though not vice versa). 2. 'Planned’ is here functioning as a specifier, rather than as a modifier analogous to ‘cancelled’ or ‘averted’. Therefore, to say that an action is planned is not to say that it has not yet taken place; rather, it is to say that it is (was or will have been) protocol-driven, instruction-driven, command-driven, or software-driven, or in some combination thereof, as prescribed by one or more information content entities. 3. A planned process remains a planned process even after it has occurred. Hence, the contrast is with accidental processes or with processes that did not turn out as planned (for example because a drill bit broke while realizing a planned drilling process), or with incidental processes not part of the realization of a plan (such as the lathe operator smoking a cigarette while operating her lathe). 4. ‘Planned’ means ‘protocol driven’. Protocols may be written, spoken, or simply thought – as when upon waking up, we plan, for instance, what to eat for breakfast.
Process that is documented by both a description and a plan. Note 1 to entry: The related process description and plan are coordinated, and the plan can include standards, requirements, objectives, resources, and assignments. [ISO/IEC/IEEE 24765]
Planned Process
An action prescribed by some plan specification that is successfully realized. planned process =def. action prescribed by some plan specification that is achieved