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UniStation - A Tor TransparentProxy with only One Machine

From Whonix



Testers only! Testers only!

Introduction[edit]

Whonix ™ needs at least two systems. One running Tor, Whonix-Gateway ™. The other running clients that are routed through Tor, Whonix-Workstation ™. This ensures the highest possible security and isolation. We can implement this using different strategies: Two VMs (Gateway VM and Workstation VM) or bare metal.

A different approach is to run Tor and applications all on the same machine. This can be either a VM or bare metal host.

This site will guide you through all required steps to set up a UniStation. A machine which routes all traffic through the Tor anonymity network. This is an implementation of a Tor TransparentProxy [archive].

Advantages:

  • Only one machine required.
  • Lower system requirements.

Disadvantages:

Prerequisites[edit]

1. Confirm prerequisites are met.

  • Debian bullseye is installed.
  • User account user exists.

2. Become root. [1] [2] 

su -

3. Install sudo and adduser packages.

1. Update the package lists. 

apt update

2. Upgrade the system. 

apt full-upgrade

3. Install sudo and adduser packages. 

apt install --no-install-recommends sudo adduser

4. Set user rights.

The following commands must be run either by root or using sudo.

Create group console. 

addgroup --system console

Add user user to group console. 

adduser user console

Add user user to group sudo. 

adduser user sudo

5. Reboot. [3] 

reboot

Installation[edit]

Packages[edit]

Install gnupg. [4] 

sudo apt install gnupg

Complete the following steps to add the Whonix ™ Signing Key to the system's APT keyring.

Open a terminal.

Package curl needs to be installed.

Install curl.

1. Update the package lists. 

sudo apt update

2. Upgrade the system. 

sudo apt full-upgrade

3. Install the curl package.

Using apt command line parameter --no-install-recommends is in most cases optional. 

sudo apt install --no-install-recommends curl

4. Done.

The procedure of installing curl is complete.

Download Whonix ™ Signing Key. [5]

If you are using Debian, run. 

curl --tlsv1.3 --proto =https --max-time 180 --output derivative.asc https://www.whonix.org/derivative.asc

If you are using a Qubes Debian Template, run. 

curl --proxy http://127.0.0.1:8082/ --tlsv1.3 --proto =https --max-time 180 --output derivative.asc https://www.whonix.org/derivative.asc

Users can check Whonix ™ Signing Key for better security.

Add Whonix ™ signing key to APT trusted keys. 

sudo cp derivative.asc /usr/share/keyrings/derivative.asc

The procedure of adding Whonix ™ signing key is now complete.

Add Whonix ™ Repository.

Choose either: Option A, Option B OR Option C.

Option A: Add Whonix ™ Onion Repository.

To add Whonix ™ Repository over Onion please press on expand on the right.

Install apt-transport-tor from the Debian repository. 

sudo apt install apt-transport-tor

Add Whonix ™ APT repository for default Whonix ™ using Debian stable. At the time of writing this was bullseye. 

echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/derivative.asc] tor+http://deb.dds6qkxpwdeubwucdiaord2xgbbeyds25rbsgr73tbfpqpt4a6vjwsyd.onion bullseye main contrib non-free" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/derivative.list

Option B: Add Whonix ™ Clearnet Repository over Tor.

To add Whonix ™ Repository over torified clearnet please press on expand on the right.

Install apt-transport-tor from the Debian repository. 

sudo apt install apt-transport-tor

Add Whonix ™ APT repository for default Whonix ™ using Debian stable. At the time of writing this was bullseye. 

echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/derivative.asc] tor+https://deb.whonix.org bullseye main contrib non-free" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/derivative.list

Option C: Add Whonix Clearnet Repository over clearnet.

To add Whonix ™ Repository over clearnet please press on expand on the right.

Add Whonix ™ APT repository for default Whonix ™ using Debian stable. At the time of writing this was bullseye. 

echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/derivative.asc] https://deb.whonix.org bullseye main contrib non-free" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/derivative.list

Install usability-misc.

1. Update the package lists. 

sudo apt update

2. Upgrade the system. 

sudo apt full-upgrade

3. Install the usability-misc package.

Using apt command line parameter --no-install-recommends is in most cases optional. 

sudo apt install --no-install-recommends usability-misc

4. Done.

The procedure of installing usability-misc is complete.

[6] 

sudo apt-get-noninteractive install --no-install-recommends kicksecure-cli whonix-firewall uwt anon-gw-dns-conf ipv4-forward-disable ipv6-disable

Update: Packages anon-gw-dns-conf, ipv4-forward-disable, ipv6-disable are deprecated (merged into anon-gw-anonymizer-config) in Whonix ™ developers repository (upcoming stable) but these packages are so trivial that the 1 config file per package can be manually set up.

Firewall Settings[edit]

Find out your network interface name. You can learn about what interfaces you have by running. 

sudo ifconfig

Edit /etc/whonix_firewall.d/50_user.conf. 

sudoedit /etc/whonix_firewall.d/50_user.conf

Paste.

You might have to change #EXT_IF="eth0" by removing the hash # in front of it and by setting it to the name of your network interface such as wlan0. I.e. the full line might look like this: EXT_IF="wlan0" Include it with the to be pasted text below. [7] 

## 0: disabled
## 1: enabled

## External interface
## defaults to:
#EXT_IF="eth0"

WORKSTATION_TRANSPARENT_TCP=0
WORKSTATION_TRANSPARENT_UDP=0
WORKSTATION_TRANSPARENT_DNS=0
WORKSTATION_ALLOW_SOCKSIFIED=0
CONTROL_PORT_FILTER_PROXY_ENABLE=0

GATEWAY_TRANSPARENT_TCP=1
GATEWAY_TRANSPARENT_UDP=0
GATEWAY_TRANSPARENT_DNS=1
GATEWAY_ALLOW_INCOMING_ICMP=0

If you want port 22 to open for incoming SSH, also paste: 

GATEWAY_ALLOW_INCOMING_SSH=1

Save.

Qubes[edit]

Qubes only. Does not hurt otherwise. 

sudo systemctl mask qubes-iptables

Qubes Debian based VMs would require further /etc/whonix_firewall.d/50_user.conf modifications. See footnote. [8]

torsocks[edit]

torsocks config not required. uwt sets that up for us.

Tor Configuration[edit]

Open Tor configuration file /etc/tor/torrc with root rights. 

sudoedit /etc/tor/torrc

Paste. [9] 

TransPort 127.0.0.1:9041
DnsPort 127.0.0.1:5400
DisableNetwork 0

Save.

Restart Tor. 

sudo systemctl restart tor

APT[edit]

Check if there is something you need in /etc/apt/sources.list.

Move original /etc/apt/sources.list out of the way because /etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.list by Kicksecure ™ replaces it. 

sudo mv /etc/apt/sources.list ~/

Reboot[edit]

Reboot required. 

sudo reboot

Usage[edit]

check sdwdate[edit]

sudo systemctl status sdwdate --no-pager

Updates[edit]

Update as per usual. See also Operating System Software and Updates.

Thanks to uwt [archive] it is stream isolated (using Tor SocksPort). No need to use torsocks. uwt uses torsocks which is configued to use IsolatePID 1. 

sudo apt update

Transparent DNS Functional[edit]

nslookup torproject.org

Server:		127.0.0.1
Address:	127.0.0.1#53

Non-authoritative answer:
Name:	torproject.org
Address: 95.216.163.36
** server can't find torproject.org: NXDOMAIN

Transparent DNS Functional[edit]

cd /tmp

wget.anondist-orig torproject.org

--2019-12-10 12:25:43--  http://torproject.org/
Resolving torproject.org (torproject.org)... 95.216.163.36
Connecting to torproject.org (torproject.org)|95.216.163.36|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Found
Location: https://www.torproject.org/ [following]
--2019-12-10 12:25:45--  https://www.torproject.org/
Resolving www.torproject.org (www.torproject.org)... 116.202.120.165
Connecting to www.torproject.org (www.torproject.org)|116.202.120.165|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 19623 (19K) [text/html]
Saving to: ‘index.html’

index.html                  100%[===========================================>]  19.16K  62.3KB/s    in 0.3s    

2019-12-10 12:25:47 (62.3 KB/s) - ‘index.html’ saved [19623/19623]

Troubleshooting[edit]

Depending on network configuration perhaps /etc/whonix_firewall.d/50_user.conf need to be appended. 

NON_TOR_GATEWAY="\
            127.0.0.0-127.0.0.24 \
            10.137.0.0-10.138.255.255 \
         "

Forum Discussion[edit]

https://forums.whonix.org/t/debian-onevm-anononevm-non-self-contained-host-depending-onevm-unistation-a-tor-transparentproxy-with-only-one-machine/5470 [archive]

Footnotes[edit]

  1. ↑ Parameter - is required to set the correct paths to /usr/sbin. https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=833256 [archive]
  2. ↑ Other methods are possible.
  3. ↑ Usability. Otherwise after installation is complete, user might not be able to login. Needs further testing if still required. Can be avoided for remote servers.
  4. ↑ Required for Debian netinst "minimal" (no default system tools).
  5. ↑ See Secure Downloads to understand why curl and the parameters --tlsv1.3 --proto =https are used instead of wget.
  6. ↑ apt-get-noninteractive to avoid asking this question. 
    Setting up anon-base-files (3:4.6-1) ...

Configuration file '/etc/machine-id'
 ==> File on system created by you or by a script.
 ==> File also in package provided by package contributor.
   What would you like to do about it ?  Your options are:
    Y or I  : install the package contributor's version
    N or O  : keep your currently-installed version
      D     : show the differences between the versions
      Z     : start a shell to examine the situation
 The default action is to keep your current version.
*** machine-id (Y/I/N/O/D/Z) [default=N] ? i
  7. ↑ VirtualBox: EXT_IF="enp0s3"
  8. ↑ This was required in Qubes to make Whonix-Gateways Own Traffic Transparent Proxy work. In that case, append to /etc/whonix_firewall.d/50_user.conf. 
    NON_TOR_GATEWAY="\
            127.0.0.0-127.0.0.24 \
            10.137.0.0-10.138.255.255 \
         "
  9. ↑ DisableNetwork 0 is required to make sdwdate work because the connectivity check locks at it.
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