PhysicsLogic / Bell 1964

Bell's Common Probability Law

Read the complete local-spin no-go statement using one measure, unit three-vectors and real binary readouts, without project-defined physical predicates.

Definitions and assumptions

Scope and physical limitations

This is the exact equations-(12)-(15) argument, not CHSH, the angular-averaged approximation argument, or the EPR inference of predetermined outcomes. The primary statement exposes a common setting-independent normalized law, measurable local readouts with values plus or minus one, and the negative dot-product singlet prediction. The constructive equivalence preserves the former spin-object representation; the five-readout theorem remains visible as its finite deductive core. Joint statistics are separately characterized by two marginal means and the correlation, and computed from the actual singlet density matrix. Agreement transfer, standard order consistency and the completion predicate's duplicated binary-range condition are derived, not separately supplied premises.

Other arguments
Examples and distinctions

Constructed examples of this model; each answer includes the Lean statement.

Exact root statement

∀ {HiddenState : Type v} [inst : MeasurableSpace HiddenState] (distribution : MeasureTheory.Measure HiddenState)
  (left right : { direction // ∑ i, direction i * direction i = 1 } → HiddenState → ℝ),
  distribution Set.univ = 1 →
    (∀ (setting : { direction // ∑ i, direction i * direction i = 1 }),
        MeasureTheory.AEStronglyMeasurable (left setting) distribution ∧
          MeasureTheory.AEStronglyMeasurable (right setting) distribution) →
      (∀ (setting : { direction // ∑ i, direction i * direction i = 1 }) (state : HiddenState),
          (left setting state = 1 ∨ left setting state = -1) ∧ (right setting state = 1 ∨ right setting state = -1)) →
        ¬∀ (a b : { direction // ∑ i, direction i * direction i = 1 }),
            ∫ (state : HiddenState), left a state * right b state ∂distribution = -∑ i, ↑a i * ↑b i
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Definitions, structures, and assumptions

Structures, classes, and inductive alternatives

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Selected instances and coercions

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Checked statements: parameters, hypotheses, and interpretation

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