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Variables
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#!
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Interactive vs Non-Interactive Shell
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Login vs Non-Login Shell
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<b>2.9.</b>
etc
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<b>3.</b>
Arrays
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<b>4.</b>
Test
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<b>4.1.</b>
Operators
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<b>5.</b>
Subshells
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<b>5.1.</b>
Process Creation
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<b>6.</b>
Commands
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<b>6.1.</b>
Builtin Commands
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<b>6.1.1.</b>
read
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<b>6.1.2.</b>
printf
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<b>6.1.3.</b>
eval
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<b>6.1.4.</b>
getopts
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<b>6.2.</b>
Keyword Commands
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<b>6.3.</b>
Compound Commands
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<b>6.4.</b>
expr
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<b>6.5.</b>
grep
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<b>6.6.</b>
find
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<b>7.</b>
Special Expressions
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<b>8.</b>
Shell Metacharacters
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<b>8.1.</b>
Precedence
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<b>9.</b>
Expansions and Substitutions
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Brace Expansion
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Tilde Expansion
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Parameter Expansion
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Arithmetic Expansion
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<b>9.5.</b>
Command Substitution
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<b>9.6.</b>
Process Substitution
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<b>9.7.</b>
Word Splitting
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<b>9.8.</b>
Filename Expansion
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Redirections
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File Descriptors
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<< , <<<
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<b>10.3.</b>
Pipe
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<b>10.4.</b>
Named Pipe
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<b>10.5.</b>
Buffering
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<b>11.</b>
Job Control
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Session and Process Group
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Process State Codes
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<b>11.3.</b>
TTY
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Mutual Exclusion
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Signals and Traps
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<b>12.1.</b>
kill
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trap
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Signals Table
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Shell Options
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Shell Variables
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Positional Parameters
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Special Parameters
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Command Aliases
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<b>16.</b>
Command History
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Command Completion
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Readline
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<b>19.</b>
Debugging
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<b>20.</b>
sh
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Colors and Prompt
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Tips
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Recommand Sites
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<b>24.</b>
맺음말
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별책부록
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<h1 id="kill">kill</h1>
<blockquote>
<p>kill [-s sigspec | -n signum | -sigspec] pid | jobspec ... or kill -l [sigspec]</p>
</blockquote>
<p><a href="signals_table.html">Signals table</a> 을 보면 알 수 있겠지만 대부분의 신호들은 치명적인 오류를 나타내고 default action 으로 프로세스가 종료됩니다. 그러므로 왜 신호를 보내는 명령 이름이 kill 인지 짐작을 할 수 있습니다. kill 명령으로 신호를 보낼때 신호값을 주지 않으면 기본값 또한 TERM 신호가 됩니다.</p>
<p>다음은 kill 명령 사용 예입니다.
신호명 앞에 SIG 를 제외하고 사용할 수 있고 소문자로 쓸 수도 있습니다.
또한 pid 대신에 jobspec 을 사용할 수 있습니다.</p>
<pre><code class="lang-bash"><span class="hljs-built_in">kill</span> -TERM <span class="hljs-number">4287</span>
<span class="hljs-built_in">kill</span> -SIGTERM <span class="hljs-number">4287</span>
<span class="hljs-built_in">kill</span> <span class="hljs-operator">-s</span> TERM <span class="hljs-number">4287</span>
<span class="hljs-built_in">kill</span> <span class="hljs-operator">-s</span> SIGTERM <span class="hljs-number">4287</span>
<span class="hljs-built_in">kill</span> -<span class="hljs-number">15</span> <span class="hljs-number">4287</span>
<span class="hljs-built_in">kill</span> -n <span class="hljs-number">15</span> <span class="hljs-number">4287</span>
<span class="hljs-built_in">kill</span> <span class="hljs-number">4287</span> <span class="hljs-comment"># 신호값을 주지 않으면 기본값은 TERM 신호가 된다.</span>
</code></pre>
<h3 id="kill-신호값-pgid">kill 신호값 -pgid</h3>
<p>kill 명령을 이용해 process group 에 신호를 보낼 수 있습니다.<br>이때는 pgid 앞에 <code>-</code> 문자를 붙여 사용합니다.</p>
<pre><code class="lang-bash"><span class="hljs-built_in">kill</span> -TERM -<span class="hljs-number">4287</span>
<span class="hljs-comment"># 다음과 같은 경우는 -4287 이 pgid 가 아니라 신호값을 나타내는 인수로</span>
<span class="hljs-comment"># 인식되는 것을 방지하기 위해 -- 를 붙입니다.</span>
<span class="hljs-comment"># 신호값을 주지 않았으므로 기본값인 TERM 신호가 됩니다.</span>
<span class="hljs-built_in">kill</span> -- -<span class="hljs-number">4287</span>
</code></pre>
<h3 id="kill-0-pid">kill -0 pid</h3>
<p><code>kill -0</code> 은 실질적으로 신호를 보내지 않지만 프로세스가 아직 살아있는지, 살아있다면 신호를 보낼수있는 권한이 되는지 테스트 하는데 사용합니다. </p>
<pre><code class="lang-bash">$ <span class="hljs-built_in">kill</span> -<span class="hljs-number">0</span> <span class="hljs-number">32630</span>; <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> $? <span class="hljs-comment"># process 가 살아있고 신호를 보낼 수 있는 권한이 됨</span>
<span class="hljs-number">0</span>
$ <span class="hljs-built_in">kill</span> -<span class="hljs-number">0</span> <span class="hljs-number">32631</span>; <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> $? <span class="hljs-comment"># process 가 존재하지 않음</span>
bash: <span class="hljs-built_in">kill</span>: (<span class="hljs-number">32631</span>) - No such process
<span class="hljs-number">1</span>
$ <span class="hljs-built_in">kill</span> -<span class="hljs-number">0</span> <span class="hljs-number">1</span>; <span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> $? <span class="hljs-comment"># process 가 존재하나 신호를 보낼 수 있는 권한이 안됨</span>
bash: <span class="hljs-built_in">kill</span>: (<span class="hljs-number">1</span>) - Operation not permitted
<span class="hljs-number">1</span>
</code></pre>
<h3 id="kill-신호값-0">kill 신호값 0</h3>
<p>스크립트 실행 중에 특정 상황에서 자기 자신을 종료해야 될 때가 있습니다.
그런데 background 프로세스가 생성되어 실행 중이거나
스크립트 내에서 a.sh -> b.sh -> c.sh 순서로 호출하여 실행중에 있을경우 단순히 exit 명령을 사용하거나
<code>kill -TERM $$</code> 을 하는 것으로는 c.sh 만 종료가 되고
a.sh, b.sh 와 background 프로세스는 실행을 계속하게 됩니다.</p>
<p>이때 사용할수 있는 것이 <code>kill -TERM 0</code> 입니다.
여기서 <code>0</code> 은 프로세스 자신의 process group id 를 나타내는데 kill 명령은 shell 의 builtin 명령이므로
shell 과 같은 pgid 를 갖게 됩니다.
따라서 <code>kill -TERM 0</code> 은 c.sh 의 pgid 에 신호를 보내게 되고
결과적으로 같은 pgid 에 속하는 프로세스들이 모두 종료하게 됩니다.</p>
<pre><code class="lang-bash"><span class="hljs-comment"># 스크립트 자신의 pgid 에 TERM 신호 보내기</span>
<span class="hljs-built_in">kill</span> -TERM <span class="hljs-number">0</span>
<span class="hljs-built_in">kill</span> <span class="hljs-number">0</span>
----------------------------------
<span class="hljs-comment"># 스크립트 자신의 pgid 에 INT 신호 보내기</span>
<span class="hljs-built_in">kill</span> -INT <span class="hljs-number">0</span>
</code></pre>
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