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<h1><a href="index.html">The Center for Groundwater Evaluation and Management<br><span>Stanford University</span></a></h1>
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<h2>Research Project</h2> <br />
<h3>Integration of Surface, Logging and Direct-Push NMR with Hydraulic Conductivity Data</h3><br />
<h4>The Place</h4>
<p>Many of the hydrogeological and geophysical investigations will take place at the Geohydrological Experimental and Monitoring Site (GEMS) located outside Lawrence, Kansas. This facility, operated by the Kansas Geological Survey, has been extensively studied and serves as an excellent test site with well-understood subsurface structure. </p>
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<h4>The Problem</h4>
<p>The ease by which water flows through the subsurface, known as hydraulic conductivity (K), is an important parameter to characterize when studying ground water movement and contaminant transport. This project focuses on using NMR to improve our ability to estimate hydraulic conductivity in multiple dimensions within the top ~100 m of the Earth. </p>
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<h4>Our Approach</h4>
<p>We are using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) instrumentation in both surface and borehole modes to make measurements of the aquifer properties at the study site. These geophysical measurements can be converted to hydraulic conductivity estimates using calibration equations. Validation measurements of hydraulic conductivity area made using a direct-push permeameter (DPP) that can independently assess the aquifer at discrete intervals of the subsurface. Surface NMR measurements will be made in two-dimensional and three-dimensional modes to characterize large volumes of the aquifer with minimal disturbance.</p>
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<p>The Javelin down-hole NMR instrument logging a well at the study site.</p>
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<p>Rosemary Knight (left, Stanford University) and Dave Walsh (right, Vista Clara) with the Javelin direct push NMR logging tool. Ed Reboulet (KGS) is in the background. </p>
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<p>Jim Butler (Kansas Geological Survey) setting up the GMR surface NMR instrument.</p>
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<p>Kansas Geological Survey personnel completing the installation of well that will be used to make NMR measurements.</p>
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<li><a href="#tab-1">Borehole Logging<span class="description"></span></a></li>
<li><a href="#tab-2">People<span class="description"></span></a></li>
<li><a href="#tab-3">Surface NMR<span class="description"></span></a></li>
<li><a href="#tab-4">Installing a Well<span class="description"></span></a></li>
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<h4>Project Lead/Contact</h4>
<p><a href="mailto:parsekia@stanford.edu">Andrew Parsekian (Post Doctoral Scholar, Stanford)</a>, <a href="mailto:rknight@stanford.edu">Rosemary Knight (PI, Stanford)</a></p>
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<h4>Project Collaborators </h4>
<p>Elliot Grunewald (Post Doctoral Scholar, Stanford University/Vista Clara, Inc.) <br />
David Walsh (Vista Clara, Inc.)<br />
Jim Butler (Kansas Geological Survey)</p>
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<h4><a href="http://pangea.stanford.edu/research/gemcenter/nmr_gems_protected/project.html">Data Archive</a></h4>
<p>Please contact <a href="mailto:parsekia@stanford.edu">Andy Parsekian</a> for login credentials.</p>
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<!--a href="pdfs/3.2Reevespresentation.pdf"--Knight, R. J., B. Grau, N. Bachman, K.I. Dlubac, Y.Q. Song, G. Steele, J. Williams, E. G. Grunewald, (2011) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Logging to Estimate Permeability in the High Plains Aquifer, Conference Proceedings from Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems (SAGEEP), April 2011, Charleston, SC, Abstract # 277.</a>
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<!--a href="pdfs/Dlubac2010.pdf">Dlubac, K.I. and R.J. Knight (2010) An assessment of the use of the Kozeny-Carman equation to estimate permeability in anisotropic materials from NMR data, SEG Expanded Abstracts 29, 2644-2648, doi:10.1190/1.3513390.</a>-->
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<!--a href="pdfs/3.2Reevespresentation.pdf"--Knight, R. J., J.D. Abraham, J. Cannia, K.I. Dlubac, B. Grau, E.D. Grunewald, T. Irons, Y.Q. Song, D. Walsh (2010) Field Experiment Provides Ground Truth for Surface NMR Measurement. Eos Trans. AGU, 91(26), Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract #NS22A-08</a>
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<h4>Project Sponsors</h4>
<a href="http://science.energy.gov/sbir/" target="_blank">Department of Energy (DOE)</a>
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<h3><a href="research.html">Research Projects</a></h3>
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<li><a href="research.project1.1.html">The Use of Geophysical Methods to Develop an Improved Model of the Processes Governing the Operation of an Artificial Recharge Pond</a></li>
<li><a href="research.project2.6.html">Laboratory and Numerical Studies of the NMR Response of Near-Surface Materials</a></li>
<li><a href="research.project2.3.1.html">Logging and Surface NMR in the High Plains Aquifer, Nebraska</a></li>
<li><a href="research.project2.5.html">Surface NMR- Addressing Field Inhomogeneity</a></li>
<li><a href="research.project2.3.2.html" class="sidebar-current">Integration of Surface, Logging and Direct-Push NMR with Hydraulic Conductivity Data</a></li>
<li><a href="research.project3.1.html">The Use of InSAR Data to Monitor the Hydrologic Response of a Confined Aquifer in the San Luis Valley, Colorado</a></li>
<li><a href="research.project3.2.html">The Use of InSAR Data to Monitor Subsidence in the Kings Groundwater Basin, Central Valley, California</a></li>
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<h3>Past Projects</h3><br>
<li><a href="research.project2.2.html">A Novel Use of NMR Measurements for In-Situ Monitoring of Geochemical Reactions</a></li>
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<h4>Founding Sponsor</h4><br>
<img src="images/schlumberger.png" alt="Schlumberger Water Services">
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