Vector functions
In this chapter, we’ll cover the core functions for vector objects. The code below uses the functions you’ll learn to calculate summary statistics from two exams.
# 10 students from two different classes took two exams.
# Here are three vectors showing the data
midterm <- c(62, 68, 75, 79, 55, 62, 89, 76, 45, 67)
final <- c(78, 72, 97, 82, 60, 83, 92, 73, 50, 88)
# How many students are there?
length(midterm)
## [1] 10
# Add 5 to each midterm score (extra credit!)
midterm <- midterm + 5
midterm
## [1] 67 73 80 84 60 67 94 81 50 72
# Difference between final and midterm scores
final - midterm
## [1] 11 -1 17 -2 0 16 -2 -8 0 16
# Each student's average score
(midterm + final) / 2
## [1] 72 72 88 83 60 75 93 77 50 80
# Mean midterm grade
mean(midterm)
## [1] 73
# Standard deviation of midterm grades
sd(midterm)
## [1] 13
# Highest final grade
max(final)
## [1] 97
# z-scores
midterm.z <- (midterm - mean(midterm)) / sd(midterm)
final.z <- (final - mean(final)) / sd(final)