Note

Go to the end to download the full example code. or to run this example in your browser via JupyterLite or Binder

Two-class AdaBoost#

This example fits an AdaBoosted decision stump on a non-linearly separable classification dataset composed of two “Gaussian quantiles” clusters (see sklearn.datasets.make_gaussian_quantiles) and plots the decision boundary and decision scores. The distributions of decision scores are shown separately for samples of class A and B. The predicted class label for each sample is determined by the sign of the decision score. Samples with decision scores greater than zero are classified as B, and are otherwise classified as A. The magnitude of a decision score determines the degree of likeness with the predicted class label. Additionally, a new dataset could be constructed containing a desired purity of class B, for example, by only selecting samples with a decision score above some value.

# Authors: The scikit-learn developers
# SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

from sklearn.datasets import make_gaussian_quantiles
from sklearn.ensemble import AdaBoostClassifier
from sklearn.inspection import DecisionBoundaryDisplay
from sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeClassifier

# Construct dataset
X1, y1 = make_gaussian_quantiles(
    cov=2.0, n_samples=200, n_features=2, n_classes=2, random_state=1
)
X2, y2 = make_gaussian_quantiles(
    mean=(3, 3), cov=1.5, n_samples=300, n_features=2, n_classes=2, random_state=1
)
X = np.concatenate((X1, X2))
y = np.concatenate((y1, -y2 + 1))

# Create and fit an AdaBoosted decision tree
bdt = AdaBoostClassifier(DecisionTreeClassifier(max_depth=1), n_estimators=200)
bdt.fit(X, y)

plot_colors = "br"
plot_step = 0.02
class_names = "AB"

plt.figure(figsize=(10, 5))

# Plot the decision boundaries
ax = plt.subplot(121)
disp = DecisionBoundaryDisplay.from_estimator(
    bdt,
    X,
    cmap=plt.cm.Paired,
    response_method="predict",
    ax=ax,
    xlabel="x",
    ylabel="y",
)
x_min, x_max = disp.xx0.min(), disp.xx0.max()
y_min, y_max = disp.xx1.min(), disp.xx1.max()
plt.axis("tight")

# Plot the training points
for i, n, c in zip(range(2), class_names, plot_colors):
    idx = np.where(y == i)
    plt.scatter(
        X[idx, 0],
        X[idx, 1],
        c=c,
        s=20,
        edgecolor="k",
        label="Class %s" % n,
    )
plt.xlim(x_min, x_max)
plt.ylim(y_min, y_max)
plt.legend(loc="upper right")

plt.title("Decision Boundary")

# Plot the two-class decision scores
twoclass_output = bdt.decision_function(X)
plot_range = (twoclass_output.min(), twoclass_output.max())
plt.subplot(122)
for i, n, c in zip(range(2), class_names, plot_colors):
    plt.hist(
        twoclass_output[y == i],
        bins=10,
        range=plot_range,
        facecolor=c,
        label="Class %s" % n,
        alpha=0.5,
        edgecolor="k",
    )
x1, x2, y1, y2 = plt.axis()
plt.axis((x1, x2, y1, y2 * 1.2))
plt.legend(loc="upper right")
plt.ylabel("Samples")
plt.xlabel("Score")
plt.title("Decision Scores")

plt.tight_layout()
plt.subplots_adjust(wspace=0.35)
plt.show()